WO2010104935A1 - Surgical tether apparatus and methods of use - Google Patents

Surgical tether apparatus and methods of use Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010104935A1
WO2010104935A1 PCT/US2010/026799 US2010026799W WO2010104935A1 WO 2010104935 A1 WO2010104935 A1 WO 2010104935A1 US 2010026799 W US2010026799 W US 2010026799W WO 2010104935 A1 WO2010104935 A1 WO 2010104935A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
constraint device
spinous process
spinal segment
spinal
prosthesis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2010/026799
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Todd Alamin
Colin Cahill
Louis Fielding
Manish Kothari
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Simpirica Spine Inc
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Simpirica Spine Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Simpirica Spine Inc filed Critical Simpirica Spine Inc
Priority to EP10751344.2A priority Critical patent/EP2405839A4/en
Priority to JP2011554143A priority patent/JP2012520131A/ja
Publication of WO2010104935A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010104935A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers, e.g. stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7062—Devices acting on, attached to, or simulating the effect of, vertebral processes, vertebral facets or ribs ; Tools for such devices
    • A61B17/7067—Devices bearing against one or more spinous processes and also attached to another part of the spine; Tools therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers, e.g. stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7062—Devices acting on, attached to, or simulating the effect of, vertebral processes, vertebral facets or ribs ; Tools for such devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers, e.g. stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7055—Spinal positioners or stabilisers, e.g. stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant connected to sacrum, pelvis or skull
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers, e.g. stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7097—Stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant, e.g. balloon; devices for inserting or filling such implants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
    • A61F2/442—Intervertebral or spinal discs, e.g. resilient
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
    • A61F2/4455—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs for the fusion of spinal bodies, e.g. intervertebral fusion of adjacent spinal bodies, e.g. fusion cages

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to medical methods and apparatus. More particularly, the present invention relates to methods and apparatus used to restrict flexion of a fused spinal segment.
  • the methods and apparatus disclosed herein may be used alone or in combination with fusion or other orthopedic procedures intended to treat patients with spinal disorders such as back pain.
  • a major source of chronic low back pain is discogenic pain, also known as internal disc disruption.
  • Discogenic pain can be quite disabling, and for some patients, can dramatically affect their ability to work and otherwise enjoy their lives.
  • Patients suffering from discogenic pain tend to be young, otherwise healthy individuals who present with pain localized to the back.
  • Discogenic pain usually occurs at the discs located at the L4-L5 or L5-S1 junctions of the spine. Pain tends to be exacerbated when patients put their lumbar spines into flexion (i.e. by sitting or bending forward) and relieved when they put their lumbar spines into extension (i.e. by standing or arching backwards).
  • the patient may also be required to wear an external back brace for three to six months in order to allow the fusion to heal.
  • external braces are not always desirable since such braces can be uncomfortable, expensive, and inconvenient to use, and patient compliance often is low.
  • An alternative to the back brace is to instrument the spinal segment with traditional instrumentation. Traditional instrumentation also facilitates fusion and prevents subsequent motion along the fused segment. While this treatment may be effective, it can also have shortcomings. For example, the fusion procedure with traditional instrumentation is more invasive, and when rigid instrumentation is used (e.g.
  • the instrumented region of the spinal segment becomes very stiff, and motion is prevented across the fusing segment.
  • Loads can be borne by the instrumentation rather than the tissue, and loads and motion at adjacent segments can be increased. This is not always desirable, since a certain amount of motion and loading may actually help the healing process, promote fusion, and prevent excessive wear and tear on adjacent implants and tissue. Also, loading on the instrumentation may result in loosening or other mechanical failure of the instrumentation. Therefore, it would be desirable to have an improved device for instrumenting a fused spinal segment. It would also be desirable if an improved device minimized loads at the device/bone interface to minimize the potential of loosening and other mechanical failure. It would also be desirable if the device diminished the peak loading patterns at the bone/implant interface.
  • Patents and published applications of interest include: U.S. Patent Nos. 3,648,691; 4,643,178; 4,743,260; 4,966,600; 5,011,494; 5,092,866; 5,116,340; 5,180,393; 5,282,863; 5,395,374; 5,415,658; 5,415,661; 5,449,361; 5,456,722; 5,462,542; 5,496,318; 5,540,698; 5,562,737; 5,609,634; 5,628,756; 5,645,599; 5,725,582; 5,902,305; Re.
  • the present invention generally relates to medical methods and apparatus. More particularly, the present invention relates to methods and apparatus used to restrict flexion of a spinal segment to be fused.
  • the methods and apparatus disclosed herein may be used alone or in combination with fusion or other orthopedic procedures intended to treat patients with spinal disorders such as back pain.
  • a method for controlling flexion in a spinal segment of a patient comprises performing a spinal fusion procedure on a pair of adjacent vertebrae in the spinal segment and implanting a constraint device into the patient.
  • the step of implanting comprises coupling the constraint device with the spinal segment.
  • the method also includes adjusting length or tension in the constraint device so that the constraint device provides a force resistant to flexion of the spinal segment undergoing fusion.
  • the constraint device also modulates loads borne by the spinal segment undergoing fusion, including the bone grafting material and tissue adjacent thereto.
  • the constraint device may have an upper tether portion, a lower tether portion and a compliance member coupled therebetween.
  • An upper portion of the constraint device may be engaged with a superior spinous process and a lower portion of the constraint device may be engaged with an inferior spinous process or a sacrum.
  • the length or tension of the constraint device may be adjusted to a desired value. The length or tension may be adjusted to encourage the fusion to form in a position consistent with the natural lordotic curve of the patient.
  • the step of performing the spinal fusion procedure may comprise applying bone grafting material to at least one of posterior, lateral, posterolateral or interbody locations on the adjacent vertebrae.
  • Bone graft may be placed between or alongside the spinous processes of the vertebrae to be fused, and to which the constraint is coupled.
  • performing the spinal fusion procedure may comprise intervertebral grafting in a disc space between the pair of adjacent vertebrae or applying bone grafting material to the superior spinous process and the inferior spinous process.
  • Performing the spinal fusion procedure may also comprise implanting a first prosthesis into the patient.
  • the first prosthesis may be engaged with at least a portion of the spinal segment.
  • the constraint device may modulate loads borne by the first prosthesis or tissue adjacent thereto.
  • the constraint device may be implanted and coupled with the spinal segment during the same surgical procedure as the fusion procedure. Additionally, the constraint device stabilizes the segment as it fuses together, which may take several months to form following the fusion procedure. After fusion has occurred, the constraint no longer provides any further benefit and it may be removed or left in place. If left in place, the constraint device may last longer than traditional instrumentation. Because of the compliance of the constraint device, it is able to accommodate micromotion in the fused segment and therefore the constraint device experiences lower loading and wear as compared to rigid instrumentation systems which transmit complex segmental loads and are more likely to fail in service.
  • implanting the first prosthesis may comprise positioning an intervertebral device between the pair of adjacent vertebrae.
  • the intervertebral device may be configured to maintain alignment and distance between the pair of adjacent vertebrae during arthrodesis.
  • the intervertebral device may comprise an interbody fusion cage.
  • implanting the first prosthesis may comprise positioning bone grafting material between the pair of adjacent vertebrae and the bone grafting material may be selected from the group consisting of an allograft or an autograft of bone tissue, a xenograft and also synthetic bone graft material, or agents such as bone morphogenetic protein designed to stimulate bone growth.
  • the step of implanting the first prosthesis may further comprise positioning an interbody fusion cage between the pair of adjacent vertebrae during the development of arthrodesis.
  • Implanting the constraint device may comprise engaging the constraint device with the superior spinous process and the inferior spinous process or sacrum without implanting a prosthesis directly in an interspinous region extending between an inferior surface of the superior spinous process and a superior surface of the inferior spinous process or sacrum.
  • the step of implanting the constraint device may also comprise piercing an interspinous ligament to form a penetration superior to a superior surface of the superior spinous process and advancing the upper tether portion through the penetration.
  • the tether may also be advanced through a gap between the superior spinous process and an adjacent spinous process that has been created by surgical removal of the interspinous ligament therefrom.
  • Implanting the constraint device may also comprise piercing an interspinous ligament to form a penetration inferior to an inferior surface of the inferior spinous process and advancing the lower tether portion through the penetration.
  • the tether may also be advanced through a gap between the inferior spinous process and an adjacent spinous process or a sacrum that has been created by surgical removal of the interspinous ligament therefrom.
  • the constraint device may be advanced through a gap between the spinous processes created by surgical removal of an interspinous ligament.
  • Adjusting length or tension in the constraint device may comprise adjusting the length or tension a plurality of times during treatment of the spinal segment and during or after healing of the spinal segment. Adjustment may be performed transcutaneously.
  • At least one of the first prosthesis or the constraint device may comprise a therapeutic agent adapted to modify tissue in the spinal segment.
  • the therapeutic agent may comprise a bone morphogenetic protein.
  • a system for controlling flexion in a spinal segment of a patient comprises a constraint device disposed at least partially around a region of the spinal segment that is to be fused.
  • the constraint device has an upper tether portion, a lower tether portion and a compliance member coupled therebetween.
  • the upper tether portion is coupled with a superior spinous process along the spinal segment to be fused and the lower tether portion is coupled with an inferior spinous process or sacrum along the spinal segment to be fused.
  • Length or tension in the constraint device is adjustable so that the constraint device provides a force resistant to flexion of the spinal segment undergoing fusion.
  • the constraint device modulates loads borne by the spinal segment to be fused including the graft material and tissue adjacent thereto.
  • the constraint device may be engaged with the superior spinous process and the inferior spinous process or sacrum and an interspinous region extending directly between an inferior surface of the superior spinous process and a superior surface of the inferior spinous process or sacrum may remain free of an implanted prosthesis.
  • the system may further comprise a first prosthesis coupled with the region of the spinal segment to be fused.
  • the constraint device may modulate loads borne by the first prosthesis or by tissue adjacent thereto.
  • the first prosthesis may comprise an intervertebral device disposed between two adjacent vertebrae in the region of the spinal segment to be fused.
  • the intervertebral device may be configured to maintain alignment and distance between the two adjacent vertebrae after intervertebral disc material has been disposed between the two adjacent vertebrae during development of arthrodesis.
  • the intervertebral device may comprise an interbody fusion cage that is adapted to facilitate fusion of the two adjacent vertebrae in the region of the spinal segment to be fused.
  • the first prosthesis may also comprise bone grafting material disposed between two adjacent vertebrae where the bone grafting material is adapted to facilitate fusion of the two adjacent vertebrae in the spinal segment.
  • the bone grafting material may be selected from the group consisting of an allograft, an autograft, a xenograft, a synthetic material and combinations thereof, combination thereof.
  • Fig. IA is a schematic diagram illustrating the lumbar region of the spine.
  • Fig. IB a schematic illustration showing a portion of the lumbar region of the spine taken along a sagittal plane.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a spinal implant of the type described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2005/0216017Al.
  • Fig. 3 A illustrates an instrumented region of a fused spinal segment.
  • Fig. 3B illustrates the use of a constraint device in a fused region of a spinal segment.
  • Fig. 4 A illustrates fusion of the transverse processes.
  • Figs. 4B-4C illustrate the use of a constraint device along with fusion of the transverse processes.
  • Fig. IA is a schematic diagram illustrating the lumbar region of the spine including the spinous processes (SP), facet joints (FJ), lamina (L), transverse processes (TP), and sacrum (S).
  • Fig. IB is a schematic illustration showing a portion of the lumbar region of the spine taken along a sagittal plane and is useful for defining the terms "neutral position,” "flexion,” and “extension” that are often used in this disclosure.
  • neutral position refers to the position in which the patient's spine rests in a relaxed standing position.
  • the "neutral position” will vary from patient to patient. Usually, such a neutral position will be characterized by a slight curvature or lordosis of the lumbar spine where the spine has a slight anterior convexity and slight posterior concavity.
  • the presence of the constraint of the present invention may modify the neutral position, e.g. the device may apply an initial force which defines a "new" neutral position having some extension of the untreated spine.
  • neutral position of the spinal segment refers to the position of a spinal segment when the spine is in the neutral position.
  • flexion refers to the motion between adjacent vertebrae in a spinal segment as the patient bends forward.
  • Fig. IB as a patient bends forward from the neutral position of the spine, i.e. to the right relative to a curved axis A, the distance between individual vertebrae L on the anterior side decreases so that the anterior portion of the intervertebral disks D are compressed.
  • the individual spinous processes SP on the posterior side move apart in the direction indicated by arrow B. Flexion thus refers to the relative movement between adjacent vertebrae as the patient bends forward from the neutral position illustrated in Fig. IB.
  • extension refers to the motion of the individual vertebrae L as the patient bends backward and the spine extends from the neutral position illustrated in Fig. IB. As the patient bends backward, the anterior ends of the individual vertebrae will move apart. The individual spinous processes SP on adjacent vertebrae will move closer together in a direction opposite to that indicated by arrow B.
  • discogenic pain also known as internal disc disruption. Pain experienced by patients with discogenic low back pain can be thought of as flexion instability, and is related to flexion instability manifested in other conditions such as spondylolisthesis, a spinal condition in which abnormal segmental translation is exacerbated by segmental flexion.
  • Discogenic pain usually occurs at the discs located at the L4-L5 or L5-S1 junctions of the spine. Pain tends to be exacerbated when patients put their lumbar spines into flexion (i.e. by sitting or bending forward) and relieved when they put their lumbar spines into extension (i.e. by standing or arching backwards). Flexion and extension are known to change the mechanical loading pattern of a lumbar segment. When the segment is in extension, the axial loads borne by the segment are shared by the disc and facet joints (approximately 30% of the load is borne by the facet joints). In flexion, the segmental load is borne almost entirely by the disc.
  • nucleus shifts posteriorly, changing the loads on the posterior portion of the annulus (which is innervated), likely causing its fibers to be subject to tension and shear forces.
  • Segmental flexion then, increases both the loads borne by the disc and causes them to be borne in a more painful way.
  • Patients with discogenic pain accommodate their syndrome by avoiding positions such as sitting, which cause their painful segment to go into flexion, preferring positions such as standing, which maintain their painful segment in extension.
  • Discogenic pain may be treated in a number of ways ranging from conservative treatments to surgery and implantation of prostheses.
  • Conservative treatments include physical therapy, massage, anti-inflammatory and analgesic medications, muscle relaxants, and epidural steroid injections. These treatments have varying degrees of success and often patients typically continue to suffer with a significant degree of pain.
  • Other patients elect to undergo spinal fusion surgery, which sometimes requires discectomy (removal of the disk) together with fusion of adjacent vertebra. Fusion may or may not also include instrumentation of the affected spinal segment including, for example, pedicle screws and stabilization rods, and/or intervertebral devices. Fusion is not lightly recommended for discogenic pain because it is irreversible, costly, associated with high morbidity, and has questionable effectiveness.
  • Fusion is, however, still used for discogenic pain despite these drawbacks, and fusion is also used for many other spinal disorders related to pain and instability. While fusion with traditional instrumentation is promising, in some circumstances it may have drawbacks. Because most instrumentation is rigid or only provides limited motion, motion around the fused segment is prevented and loads can be fully bome by the instrumentation rather than the tissue. While prevention of significant motion is important during the fusion healing process, a certain amount of micromotion and loading of the tissue is desirable as this can promote fusion. Furthermore, allowing such motion and loading may enable the segment to fuse in a natural position, enabling maintenance of the lordotic curve in the treated region of the spine and avoiding the creation of kyphosis or "flat back" with fusion instrumentation.
  • Fig. 2 shows a spinal implant of the type described in related U.S. Patent Publication No. 2005/02161017 Al, now U.S. Patent No. 7,458,981 the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the constraint device of Fig. 2 may be used alone or in combination with other spinal treatments to allow micromotion in a spinal segment that is fused or that is undergoing fusion, and to reduce loads borne by the region undergoing fusion or devices implanted into the patient as well as loads borne by adjacent tissue, thereby facilitating healing and reducing tissue damage and wear and tear.
  • the constraint device may be used to provide greater stability to the spinal segment and to encourage the healing of the fusion at an intervertebral angle consistent with the lordotic curve of the patient.
  • an implant 10 typically comprises a tether structure having an upper strap component 12 and a lower strap component 14 joined by a pair of compliance elements 16.
  • a small aperture is pierced through the interspinous ligament (not illustrated) and the upper strap is passed through the aperture.
  • the upper strap 12 may then be disposed over the top of the spinous process SP4 of L4.
  • a similar lower aperture is pierced through the interspinous ligament allowing the lower strap 14 to extend over the bottom of the spinous process SP 5 of L5.
  • the compliance element 16 will typically include an internal element, such as a spring or rubber block, which is attached to the straps 12 and 14 in such a way that the straps may be "elastically” or “compliantly” pulled apart as the spinous processes SP4 and SP5 move apart during flexion. In this way, the implant provides an elastic tension on the spinous processes which is a force that resists flexion. The force increases as the processes move further apart. Usually, the straps themselves will be essentially non-compliant so that the degree of elasticity or compliance may be controlled and provided solely by the compliance elements 16. Additional details on implant 10 and the methods of use are disclosed in International PCT Applications Nos. PCT/US2009/055914 (Attorney Docket No.
  • FIG. 3 A illustrates traditional fusion and instrumentation of a spinal segment.
  • the intervertebral disc D between adjacent vertebrae V has been removed and bone graft material 304 has been implanted therebetween.
  • a spinal fusion cage 304 is also implanted between the adjacent vertebrae in order to facilitate fusion between the vertebrae.
  • the bone graft material may be an allograft or an autograft of bone material.
  • Xenografts and synthetic graft material may also be used.
  • Spinal fusion between the vertebral bodies (within the disc space) as described above is known as interbody fusion.
  • FIG. 3A illustrates an alternative embodiment of fusing a spinal segment using a constraint device such as the one illustrated in Fig. 2.
  • a constraint device is attached to the fused region of the spinal segment.
  • constraint device 310 generally takes the same form as the constraint device of Fig. 2 above, although any of the constraint devices disclosed herein may also be used.
  • the constraint device 310 has an upper tether portion 310, a lower tether portion 314 and a compliance member 316 coupled therebetween.
  • the upper tether portion 310 is disposed around a superior surface of a superior spinous process and the lower tether portion 314 is disposed around an inferior surface of an inferior spinous process.
  • the constraint device may be implanted and coupled with the spinal segment such that the interspinous region extending from an inferior surface of the superior spinous process and a superior surface of the inferior spinous process remains free of any implants such as spacers or other prostheses (although in some embodiments, bone graft may be implanted in this space).
  • the length or tension of the constraint device may be adjusted in order to tighten the resulting loop in order to control how much force compliance member 316 provides against flexion of the spinal segment. Additionally, the spring constant of the compliance member may be selected based on desired operating characteristics.
  • the constraint device 310 may be adjusted so that is provides enough resistance to flexion so that fusion can occur, while at the same time allowing some micromotion between the adjacent fused vertebrae in order to further promote fusion and the rate of fusion and to enable healing of the fusion at an intervertebral angle that preserves the patient's lordotic curve.
  • the constraint device also allows dynamic loading of the bone grafting material and/or the bone-cage interface, further promoting fusion and the rate of fusion. It should also be appreciated that the same benefits may be derived when the graft is applied to the transverse processes (as in postero-lateral fusion), or the posterior elements of the fused vertebrae. Unlike traditional instrumentation where screws and rods unload the spine directly, using constraint device 310 helps unload the spine indirectly.
  • Fig. 4A illustrates bone graft 402 applied to the transverse processes TP, without any stabilizing instrumentation. This is known as an uninstrumented fusion. When the patient bends forward, the transverse processes move apart. This may disrupt the healing of the graft and result in non-union (pseudoarthrosis), or the fusion may heal in a flexed position (kyphosis).
  • Fig. 4B illustrates use of a constraint device 404 engaged with the spinous processes SP, for resisting segmental flexion, so that the graft will heal and fusion will develop in a more natural lordosis posture.
  • Fig. 4C is a posterior view of Fig. 4B that more clearly shows the fused regions and attachment of the constraint device.
  • the constraint device 402 generally takes the same form as those described herein.
  • the present devices and methods are also advantageous over traditional instrumentation with screws and rods since the constraint device directly controls flexion and involves engagement of the facets more than pedicle screws and rods. This results in some indirect restriction of both axial rotation and sagittal translation, which may further help with the fusion and provide additional spinal segment stability.
  • Another advantage of using the present devices and methods is that loading, other than tensile loading, is not transferred to the constraint device, and thus the constraint device is likely to experience fewer failure modes than traditional instrumentation in which all loading is transferred to the screws and rods.
  • the present constraint device therefore, not only attempts to maximize therapeutic effectiveness, but also attempts to minimize failure, unlike most existing instrumentation devices which only attempt to maximize the therapy.
  • a constraint device may be applied using minimally invasive techniques and does not require that screws be threaded into the pedicles.
  • the constraint device is delivered through small incisions in the patient's back and the tether portions of the constraint device are passed through a small hole pierced in the interspinous ligament. Therefore, the procedure may be performed faster and with less blood loss and may require less operating room time than traditional instrumentation, resulting in a safer and more cost-effective procedure.
  • traditional instrumentation requires that tissue be resected, unlike the present method for implanting a constraint device which requires no resection at the affected level, e.g.

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PCT/US2010/026799 2009-03-10 2010-03-10 Surgical tether apparatus and methods of use Ceased WO2010104935A1 (en)

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EP10751344.2A EP2405839A4 (en) 2009-03-10 2010-03-10 SURGICAL ATTACHMENT DEVICE AND METHODS OF USE
JP2011554143A JP2012520131A (ja) 2009-03-10 2010-03-10 外科用テザー装置および使用方法

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Cited By (2)

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US9931143B2 (en) 2012-08-31 2018-04-03 New South Innovations Pty Limited Bone stabilization device and methods of use
US10441323B2 (en) 2013-08-30 2019-10-15 New South Innovations Pty Limited Spine stabilization device

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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