WO2010103239A1 - Procede de preparation combinee d'huiles et de charbons actifs à partir de plantes oléagineuses - Google Patents
Procede de preparation combinee d'huiles et de charbons actifs à partir de plantes oléagineuses Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010103239A1 WO2010103239A1 PCT/FR2010/050415 FR2010050415W WO2010103239A1 WO 2010103239 A1 WO2010103239 A1 WO 2010103239A1 FR 2010050415 W FR2010050415 W FR 2010050415W WO 2010103239 A1 WO2010103239 A1 WO 2010103239A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- food
- oil
- production
- activated carbon
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the combined preparation of oils and activated carbons using as raw material oleaginous plants, especially non-food plants. These plants include castor and jatropha, both of which are plants growing on low fertility soils and in conditions of low relative humidity.
- the invention relates to the use of cakes or solid shells of oleaginous plants, especially non-food, such as for example castor or jatropha, as active carbon precursors, with a double advantage of providing activated carbon to low CO2 footprint, and to diversify the uses of these two plants, whose oils are used, either in the biofuel sector, or as raw materials for lubricants, polyurethane or polyamides, including polyamide 11.
- Activated carbons are usually obtained by carbonization, followed by a physical or chemical activation of carbonaceous materials.
- some are derived from biomass and therefore qualified as renewable, such as pine wood, coconut, or fossil materials also described as non-renewable, such as lignite or coke of oil.
- Peat is a special case with a slow renewal, probably not allowing to obtain coals very low CO2 footprint.
- Very few studies or industrial attempts concern other materials, probably because of the fact that it is necessary to combine both easy and large access to the raw material, and a reasonable cost.
- Trials from fruit cores or olive pomace make it possible to obtain interesting coals, in particular by their mechanical strength, this that can not easily be made from softer materials, such as pine wood.
- the oilcake and shells castor or jatropha meet these conditions.
- Arkema uses 60,000 tonnes of castor oil per year, which generates the co-production of 60,000 tonnes of cake and 80,000 tonnes of shells.
- a particular advantage of the invention lies in the fact that the valuation of these non-food co-products can be generated on a single industrial site, for example in an oil mill.
- castor Although being a non-food plant, castor however provides an income for farmers who do not have the chance to be in the best conditions including climate. In India, where castor is mainly grown, farmers use it in addition to other crops (intercropping) because castor, like other non-food crops, contains toxins that make it a natural insecticide.
- Castor contains several toxins which are proteins, including ricin, but also a powerful allergen, CB-1A.
- CB-1A a powerful allergen
- Castor is a plant that has been grown industrially for over 50 years, particularly because of the composition of its oil which is unique because containing about 85% ricinoleic acid. This oil has many applications, especially in lubricants, polymers, perfumes, paints, cosmetics, and recently in biofuels. Hybrids have been produced for better yields, however, without removing the disadvantages of toxicity problems.
- This plant like jatropha, requires picking, and therefore a plentiful and cheap labor.
- castor oil is an annual plant.
- a culture of castor oil, and generally non-food oil plants, on a larger scale will lead to an increase in the production of toxic meal, unusable in animal feed, except after a thermochemical treatment at high temperature but which denatures proteins.
- PA11 polyamide 11
- Rilsan ® 11 PA11 is the only technical polymer made from biomass and available in large volumes on the market.
- Toxic castor toxins and allergen are found in the cake after extraction of the oil.
- Toxic castor toxins and allergen
- shell the envelope of bug or pod type that contains the seed.
- the term "meal” is defined as the residue of seeds (with or without shells) after extraction of the oil by pressure (s) of the seeds at cold or hot, by extraction with a solvent, or by a reactive trituration process, or by any other method to extract the oleaginous fraction of the seed.
- reactive trituration is meant a process that can produce directly from the seed, a methyl ester, glycerol and a cake.
- a mixture containing an alcohol and a catalyst for example methanol and sodium hydroxide, is reacted on the seed.
- methanol acts as both a solvent and a reagent.
- a group of oleaginous shrubs, such as Ricin (Ricinus Communis), Pongamia pinnata, Calophyllum inophyllum, and Jatropha curcas have been proposed in particular on government websites, NGOs, or companies that promote their favorite species to produce biodiesel. Jatropha is probably the species that has the right to maximum communication.
- the biodiesel properties derived from jatropha oil are equivalent to biodiesel produced in Europe and comply with European and US specifications.
- websites and communications that promote Jatropha curcas do not give the name common to this plant: purge seed, bean or black vomit seed, or oil: infernal oil.
- the fruits contain irritating compounds that affect the pickers, when the picking is done by hand.
- the seeds contain alkaloids such as curcine, a toxalbumin similar in structure and effect to ricin. The toxic effects of this plant have been reported in the literature. Ingestion of four seeds may be toxic to a child, with effects similar to organophosphate insecticide poisoning, without an antidote being known. None of the websites describe an application of the cake, except for use as fertilizer spreading on soils, which may be illegal in some countries due to its toxicity.
- the approach, proposed by the invention is an enhancement of oilcake derived from oleaginous plants, especially non-food, including castor or jatropha, turning it into a product of higher value added as a coal Active, but it is obvious that the same approach can be applied to other non-food plants such as vernonia, cuphea, rubber, linseed, erucic rape, lunar, safflower, camellina, Calophyllum inophyllum, Pongamia pinnata and the corresponding genetically modified oleaginous plants, as well as mixtures of two or more of them.
- the castor seed is particularly rich in oil with a content close to 50%, which ranks this plant second in the scale of oil production per hectare behind the palm (plants grown on a large scale). Above all, castor oil benefits from its very high content (85%) of ricinoleic acid.
- Castor oil is conventionally extracted by pressure, and by extraction with hexane. A cake is thus co-produced but which still contains ricin and especially the allergen CB-1A.
- the castor seeds are found in a shell or shell (chestnut type bug). To avoid the natural opening of the hulls and the drop of the seeds (dehiscence), the varieties have been selected and the current hybrids keep the seeds in the hulls at the time of harvest. These shells are naturally hard and rich in polysaccharides and therefore lend themselves potentially well to the production of activated carbon.
- Another way to enhance castor cake or jatropha is to carbonize to develop a little porosity, then use the resulting product as a fuel or as a raw material in a gasification process.
- This method can be applied to purely plant products, but also to produce a carbon product that can be used in combination with solid fuels of fossil origin.
- the development of the porosity of the plant material facilitating the initiation of the combustion of the mixture a more efficient combustion and better energy efficiency will be obtained.
- the present invention relates first of all to a process for the recovery of residues, in particular toxic residues, obtained as by-products during oil extraction processes of oleaginous plants, preferably non-oleaginous plants. foodstuffs, said process comprising, and preferably consisting of, the process for the combined production of oleaginous plant oils, preferably non-food, and production of activated charcoal from the cake, in possible association with the shells, of said plants; oil.
- Said recovery process (or combined production process of activated carbon and oil) can be advantageously carried out on a single industrial site, for example an oil mill, but can also be carried out on different industrial sites.
- the two industrial sites will advantageously be as close as possible in order to preserve as much as possible the respectful nature of the environment, and to increase as little as possible the carbon footprint that would be generated by the transport of the by-products of the oil mill to the active coal production site.
- the production of oil from oleaginous plants, preferably non-food can be carried out according to any process known to those skilled in the art, and for example by pressure, optionally after heating, the extraction of oil can be carried out in a time (first pressure), twice (first and second pressure) or several times, said extraction possibly being carried out by solvent extraction, or by a combination of one or more of the methods indicated above, heating, pressure ( s), solvent extraction.
- the present invention relates to the use of cakes, optionally with shells, oleaginous plants, preferably non-food, for the preparation of active charcoal.
- the present invention also relates to the process for preparing activated charcoal from said cakes, and optionally shells, oleaginous plants, preferably non-food, said method comprising at least the following steps: a) carbonization of cakes, and optionally shells, at a temperature between 200 0 C and 700 0 C, for example at about 550 ° C; b) activation at a temperature between 500 0 C and 1200 ° C, preferably around 900 ° C; c) optionally washing with an acid, preferably a strong acid; and d) recovery of activated carbon.
- Carbonization is a technique well known to those skilled in the art.
- the cakes, with possibly the shells can be ground before carbonization or simply roughly crushed.
- the cakes, optionally with the shells are removed from the finest materials, according to any method known in the art, and for example by sieving or eluthation.
- the temperature and the duration of carbonization are chosen so as to obtain a carbonized product whose weight loss is stabilized, and preferably when grains of millimeter size are obtained.
- the carbonization is generally carried out under a neutral or low oxygen atmosphere, for example under nitrogen or under argon, or, according to a preferred embodiment in an atmosphere constituted by the combustion gases of a hydrocarbon fuel (such as, for example methane, ethane, propane, butane, and others) or still distillation gases.
- a hydrocarbon fuel such as, for example methane, ethane, propane, butane, and others
- the gases produced by the distillation of products are advantageously used to feed an incinerator which is intended to burn them completely with air or oxygen.
- This operation causes a sharp increase in the temperature of the flue gases, and which are partly reinjected into the carbonization unit to raise the temperature of the biomass being treated.
- This method is particularly applicable to processes operated continuously.
- the residue obtained after carbonization is activated according to methods known to those skilled in the art, under partial pressure of steam and / or partial pressure of CO 2 , the supplement at atmospheric pressure can be provided by any gas inert to activation, for example nitrogen, flue gas, and the like.
- the activation time depends on the desired final characteristics for the activated carbon, as illustrated in the examples which follow. Depending on the intended applications, it may be desirable to reduce the ash content of the activated carbon obtained according to the method of the invention.
- Suitable acids for the purposes of the invention are chosen from nitric, hydrochloric, sulfuric, acetic, citric, methanesulphonic and other acids and mixtures thereof.
- the activated carbons obtained according to the preceding of the present invention are characterized by a microporosity (porous volume occupied by pores of less than 2 nanometers) quite interesting, and in particular a microporous volume ( ⁇ 2 nm) greater than 0.37 mL / g, most often greater than 0.375 mL / g.
- the present invention relates to the use of activated carbons obtained according to the process of the invention as an agent for purifying solids, liquids, gases, especially in the food industry, for example as a lubricating agent.
- an agent for purifying solids, liquids, gases especially in the food industry, for example as a lubricating agent.
- purification of water, wine, beer, synthetic intermediates or finished products, in particular pharmaceutical principles but also in all the fields in which active carbons are usually used, for example as constituent of supercapacitor electrodes , as catalyst support, or as an adsorbent of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), in particular in the gas phase.
- VOCs volatile organic compounds
- the coals obtained according to the process of the invention can also be used as fertilizer by spreading on the fields.
- non-food oilseed meal cakes usually produced in oil mills is a non-stable biomass in time, which is degraded and therefore can not or hardly be stored.
- these cakes are toxic and the oil producers are confronted with the delicate management of this toxic biomass.
- the method of the invention thus provides an effective and more environmentally friendly solution in that the cakes are converted into active charcoal, economically more advantageous products with many applications, such as for example those described above.
- Activated carbons prepared according to the process of the present invention may also be used for the production of energy, either as a pure compound or in mixture with at least one other fuel of renewable or fossil origin.
- the production of activated carbon is accompanied by a very large amount of heat, which can be partially or completely recovered for the needs of the production of oil, for example to warm the seeds before pressure, so to soften them, to facilitate the extraction of oil, or to purify the crude oil. It is also possible to regulate and regulate the production temperature of activated carbon to adjust and ensure the amount of energy required for the production, extraction and / or purification of the oil obtained from said plants oil.
- the obtained plant charcoal has a specific surface that makes it reactive.
- Some low quality mineral (fossil) coals produce a lot of ash because of incomplete combustion.
- a synergistic effect is obtained because the greater reactivity of the charcoal allows a large increase in the temperature of the mixture and therefore a better combustion and thus a better energy efficiency leading to a lower emission of greenhouse gas.
- a castor cake supplied by the company Jayant-Agro Organics Ltd (India) has the characteristics summarized in Table 1, below. This cake was produced after extraction of the oil with hexane.
- the first operation is to carbonize at 550 0 C for 1 hour under propane gas combustion atmosphere, after removing the finest parts ⁇ 1 mm.
- the yield is 37%, expressed as the weight ratio between the material leaving the oven and the initial material.
- Ash has an ash content of 14% and a bulk density of 0.37.
- the pore volume is the total volume of nitrogen adsorbed at saturation at the temperature of 77 K (-196 ° C, temperature of the liquid nitrogen at atmospheric pressure), measured according to the French standard
- BET specific surface is the total surface accessible to nitrogen at 77 K m 2 per gram of coal; it is measured, like the previous quantity, by low temperature nitrogen volumetric adsorption (French standard
- the iodine number is measured according to ASTM D4607 and the methylene blue number is measured by the number of milliliters of standard solution of methylene blue decolorized with 0.1 g of activated carbon (dry counted). ), according to the method
- the ash content is determined from an activated carbon dried at 100 ° C and then subjected to a heat treatment at 650 ° C. ⁇ 25 ° C. in an oxidizing atmosphere until the disappearance of the gray or black carbon particles. .
- the ash content is defined by the amount of residual materials based on the weight of initial dry activated carbon.
- the determination of the average size of the particles is carried out by sieving on sieves of different openings.
- the particle size distribution results from the weighing of the different batches of coal particles retained or passing on sieves of defined openings. Table 2
- the relatively high ash content does not represent a real handicap, because it carries out industrially washing treatments. Extractions with acid show the presence of potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and calcium. We do not detect heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Pb, ).
- Iodine Number (ASTM D4607): 1190 mg / g;
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BRPI1009248A BRPI1009248A2 (pt) | 2009-03-11 | 2010-03-11 | processo de valorização de resíduos, em particular resíduos tóxicos, obtidos como subprodutos durante processos de extração de óleos das plantas oleaginosas, utilização de bagaços, eventualmente com as cascas, de plantas oleaginosas e utilização de carvão ativado |
| CN2010800107738A CN102341348A (zh) | 2009-03-11 | 2010-03-11 | 用于从含油植物联合制备油和活性碳的方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0951500 | 2009-03-11 | ||
| FR0951500A FR2943048A1 (fr) | 2009-03-11 | 2009-03-11 | Charbons actifs obtenus a partir de tourteaux de plantes oleagineuses |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2010103239A1 true WO2010103239A1 (fr) | 2010-09-16 |
Family
ID=41279816
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2010/050415 Ceased WO2010103239A1 (fr) | 2009-03-11 | 2010-03-11 | Procede de preparation combinee d'huiles et de charbons actifs à partir de plantes oléagineuses |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102341348A (fr) |
| BR (1) | BRPI1009248A2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2943048A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2010103239A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111841494A (zh) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-10-30 | 江苏竹溪活性炭有限公司 | 空气净化用活性炭 |
| CN112645325A (zh) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-13 | 陇东学院 | 一种基于蓖麻籽渣的生物质多孔碳材料的制备方法及其应用 |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104617257B (zh) * | 2015-01-12 | 2017-12-22 | 湖南工业大学 | 一种以轧油后的油饼为碳源的电极材料及其制备方法 |
| CN104817065A (zh) * | 2015-04-02 | 2015-08-05 | 安徽农业大学 | 一种蜂窝状淀粉基多孔炭材料的制备方法 |
| CN107364861A (zh) * | 2017-09-14 | 2017-11-21 | 江苏科力特环保科技有限公司 | 一种利用蓖麻籽皮壳生产活性炭的工艺 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5145101A (en) * | 1974-10-15 | 1976-04-17 | Ajinomoto Kk | Kanryutanno seizohoho |
| JPS5510472A (en) * | 1978-07-10 | 1980-01-24 | Takeda Chem Ind Ltd | Production of activated carbon fiber |
| JPS55130811A (en) * | 1979-03-28 | 1980-10-11 | Toyobo Co Ltd | Producing active carbon fiber paper |
-
2009
- 2009-03-11 FR FR0951500A patent/FR2943048A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2010
- 2010-03-11 CN CN2010800107738A patent/CN102341348A/zh active Pending
- 2010-03-11 BR BRPI1009248A patent/BRPI1009248A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-03-11 WO PCT/FR2010/050415 patent/WO2010103239A1/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5145101A (en) * | 1974-10-15 | 1976-04-17 | Ajinomoto Kk | Kanryutanno seizohoho |
| JPS5510472A (en) * | 1978-07-10 | 1980-01-24 | Takeda Chem Ind Ltd | Production of activated carbon fiber |
| JPS55130811A (en) * | 1979-03-28 | 1980-10-11 | Toyobo Co Ltd | Producing active carbon fiber paper |
Non-Patent Citations (7)
| Title |
|---|
| C.A. TOLES, W.E.MARSHALL, M.M.JOHNS: "Granular Activated Carbons from Nutshells for the Uptake of Metals and Organic Compounds", CARBON, vol. 35, no. 9, 1997, pages 1407 - 1414, XP002557210 * |
| M.M. HOWLADER ET AL.: "Activated carbon from krishnachura fruit (Delonix regia) and castor seed (Ricinus Communis)", INDIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY, vol. 6, May 1999 (1999-05-01), pages 146 - 151 |
| NADEEM M ET AL: "Sorption of lead from aqueous solution by chemically modified carbon adsorbents", JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, ELSEVIER, vol. 138, no. 3, 1 December 2006 (2006-12-01), pages 604 - 613, XP025023079, ISSN: 0304-3894, [retrieved on 20061201] * |
| SENSOZ S ET AL: "Pyrolysis of safflower (Charthamus tinctorius L.) seed press cake in a fixed-bed reactor: Part 2. Structural characterization of pyrolysis bio-oils", BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, ELSEVIER BV, GB, vol. 99, no. 13, 1 September 2008 (2008-09-01), pages 5498 - 5504, XP022647389, ISSN: 0960-8524, [retrieved on 20071221] * |
| TAY T ET AL: "Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from waste biomass", JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, ELSEVIER, vol. 165, no. 1-3, 14 October 2008 (2008-10-14), pages 481 - 485, XP026053735, ISSN: 0304-3894, [retrieved on 20081014] * |
| W. HESCHEL, E. KLOSE: "On the Suitability of Agricultural By-Products for the Manufacture of Granular Activated Carbon", FUEL, vol. 74, no. 12, 1995, pages 1786 - 1791, XP002557211 * |
| YAMAN S: "Pyrolysis of biomass to produce fuels and chemical feedstocks", ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT, ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, OXFORD, GB, vol. 45, no. 5, 1 March 2004 (2004-03-01), pages 651 - 671, XP004476200, ISSN: 0196-8904 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111841494A (zh) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-10-30 | 江苏竹溪活性炭有限公司 | 空气净化用活性炭 |
| CN112645325A (zh) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-13 | 陇东学院 | 一种基于蓖麻籽渣的生物质多孔碳材料的制备方法及其应用 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BRPI1009248A2 (pt) | 2016-03-15 |
| FR2943048A1 (fr) | 2010-09-17 |
| CN102341348A (zh) | 2012-02-01 |
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