WO2010101298A1 - 蛍光mriプローブ - Google Patents
蛍光mriプローブ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010101298A1 WO2010101298A1 PCT/JP2010/054069 JP2010054069W WO2010101298A1 WO 2010101298 A1 WO2010101298 A1 WO 2010101298A1 JP 2010054069 W JP2010054069 W JP 2010054069W WO 2010101298 A1 WO2010101298 A1 WO 2010101298A1
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- dota
- gadolinium
- fluorescent
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- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 106
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- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 27
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- IZOOGPBRAOKZFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K gadopentetate Chemical group [Gd+3].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O IZOOGPBRAOKZFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
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- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- NKIJBSVPDYIEAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododec-10-ene Chemical compound C1CNCCN=CCNCCN1 NKIJBSVPDYIEAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/06—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations
- A61K49/08—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by the carrier
- A61K49/085—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by the carrier conjugated systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/0002—General or multifunctional contrast agents, e.g. chelated agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/001—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining
- A61K49/0013—Luminescence
- A61K49/0017—Fluorescence in vivo
- A61K49/0019—Fluorescence in vivo characterised by the fluorescent group, e.g. oligomeric, polymeric or dendritic molecules
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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- A61K49/001—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining
- A61K49/0013—Luminescence
- A61K49/0017—Fluorescence in vivo
- A61K49/0019—Fluorescence in vivo characterised by the fluorescent group, e.g. oligomeric, polymeric or dendritic molecules
- A61K49/0021—Fluorescence in vivo characterised by the fluorescent group, e.g. oligomeric, polymeric or dendritic molecules the fluorescent group being a small organic molecule
- A61K49/0032—Methine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/06—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations
- A61K49/08—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by the carrier
- A61K49/10—Organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing three or more hetero rings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fluorescent MRI probe that is easily taken up into cells and can be observed by a fluorescence method and a nuclear magnetic resonance imaging method.
- MRI Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging
- gadolinium complexes and iron oxide fine particles are widely used as an MRI contrast agent.
- anatomical information can be obtained with high resolution by using gadolinium complexes.
- gadolinium complexes are metal ion complexes, they have a drawback that it is difficult to label and measure cells and tissues because they are very polar and hardly taken into cells.
- a fluorescence method using a fluorescent reagent (fluorescent reagent) using a fluorescent dye as a probe can measure a fluorescent reagent taken into cells easily and with high sensitivity, and particularly, a tissue or an organ existing near the surface of a living body.
- a fluorescent reagent fluorescent reagent
- in vivo visualization combining MRI and fluorescence measurement has been attracting attention, but practical fluorescent MRI probes having dual characteristics that can be used in both fluorescence and MRI have been developed. The current situation is not.
- a fluorescent MRI probe designed to be easily introduced into cells by combining a gadolinium complex and a fluorescent reagent has not been known at all.
- PTIR267 (Acad.Radiol., 11, pp.1251-1259, 2004) is a compound in which a gadolinium complex and a cyanine compound having a fatty chain are combined, and has a property of being incorporated into LDL.
- PTIR267 can be incorporated into cells by LDL receptor-mediated endocytosis using LDL labeled with PTIR267, PTIR267 itself is not incorporated into cells through the cell membrane. .
- Gd (Rhoda-DOTA) (Bioconjugate Chem., 9, pp. 242-249, 1998) is a compound in which a gadolinium complex and rhodamine are bound. Even if this compound is used for in vivo imaging. No enhancement of MRI signal is observed. According to the study by the present inventors, this compound slightly migrates into the cell, but does not have such a property that the MRI signal can be enhanced. The reason for this is explained by the fact that Gd (Rhoda-DOTA) is distributed in the lipid tissue and the interaction with water molecules is reduced.
- GRID gadolinium complex and rhodamine are bound to dextran.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a probe that can be easily taken up into cells and can be observed by a fluorescence method and MRI. More specifically, it is a fluorescent MRI probe that can be measured by a fluorescence method and MRI by combining a fluorescent dye and a gadolinium complex, and has high intracellular migration without using means such as CPP or dextran. It is an object of the present invention to provide an MRI probe.
- the present inventors have found that a compound in which a gadolinium complex and a specific fluorescent dye are bound is easily taken up and accumulated in the cell, and It was found that the compound can image cells and tissues with high sensitivity by both MRI and fluorescence methods. Further, it has been found that by using this compound as a fluorescent MRI probe, the deep part of the living body can be imaged in detail by MRI, and the shallow part of the living body and the surface of the living body can be imaged in detail by the fluorescence method. The present invention has been completed based on the above findings.
- an optionally substituted gadolinium • 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N, N ′, N ′′, N ′ ′′-tetraacetic acid (Gd-DOTA ) Residues or substituents of gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) optionally having a substituent and the following general formula (I):
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom or 1 to 4 substituents present at any position on the benzene ring (when two or more substituents are present, they may be the same or different).
- R 2 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 7 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group
- R 3 and R 6 are Each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a C 1-6 alkyl group which may have a substituent, or a group represented by the following general formula (II): [In the formula, R 11 is a hydrogen atom or 1 to 4 substituents present at any position on the benzene ring (when two or more substituents are present, they may be the same or different).
- R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an optionally substituted C 1- 6 represents an alkyl group; R 20 and R 21 each independently represents an optionally substituted C 1-18 alkyl group; Z 1 represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or —N (R 22 ) —.
- R 22 represents a hydrogen atom or a C 1-6 alkyl group which may have a substituent
- R 23 ⁇ R 24 represents each independently represent a C 1-6 alkyl group which may have a substituent
- M - is a group represented by the pair showing ion] in a number required for neutralization of electric charge
- an optionally substituted gadolinium ⁇ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N, N ′, N ′′, N ′ ′′-tetraacetic acid The residue of gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid which may have a residue or a substituent is gadolinium having a p-thioureidobenzyl group.
- 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N, N ′, N there is provided the above-mentioned fluorescent gadolinium complex compound which is a residue of ′, N ′′ ′-tetraacetic acid or an ester thereof or a residue of gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid or an ester thereof having a p-thioureidobenzyl group.
- gadolinium • 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N, N ′, N ′′, N ′ ′′-tetra which may have a substituent.
- the residue of acetic acid is the residue of gadolinium ⁇ 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N, N ′, N ′′, N ′ ′′-tetraacetic acid having a p-thioureidobenzyl group
- a fluorescent gadolinium complex compound is provided.
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom
- R 2 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 7 are methyl groups
- R 3 and R 6 is a hydrogen atom
- R 11 is a hydrogen atom in the general formula (II)
- R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 are hydrogen.
- An atom, R 20 and R 21 are a C 1-6 alkyl group
- Z 1 is an oxygen atom
- Y 1 and Y 2 are —C (R 23 ) (R 24 ) — (wherein R 23 And R 24 each independently represents a C 1-6 alkyl group).
- the present invention provides a fluorescent MRI probe containing the fluorescent gadolinium complex compound as an active ingredient and a fluorescent MRI contrast agent containing the fluorescent gadolinium complex compound as an active ingredient. Further, the present invention provides a method for imaging a living body, the method comprising the step of administering the fluorescent gadolinium complex compound to the living body and performing imaging by a fluorescence method and / or MRI.
- the residue of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N, N ′, N ′′, N ′ ′′-tetraacetic acid which may have a substituent
- a fluorescent gadolinium complex in which a residue of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) which may have a group or a substituent and a group represented by the above general formula (I) or the above general formula (II) is covalently bonded.
- DTPA diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid
- a ligand compound is provided.
- the living body imaging which combined the fluorescence method and MRI using the fluorescent gadolinium complex compound of this invention is attained.
- the fluorescent gadolinium complex compound of the present invention has the property of being easily taken up into cells and accumulated in the cells, and imaging by fluorescence method and / or MRI is carried out in the state taken up into cells or tissues. Can do.
- the deep part of the living body can be imaged by MRI and the shallow part of the living body or the surface of the living body or near the surface can be imaged by the fluorescence method, it can be suitably used in the clinical medicine field such as accurate diagnosis of various diseases. .
- This photograph shows a confocal image ([Gd-DOTA-BDP] lens: x60, filter: NIBA, PMT: 475, Gain: 1.2; [Gd-DOTA-Cy] lens: x60, filter: Cy5, PMT : 800, Gain: 3.0) It is the figure which showed the result of having measured by MRI using Gd-DOTA-BDP (Example 1).
- the left side shows PBS buffer
- the right side shows Gd-DOTA-BDP in PBS buffer
- a is under normal light
- b is a fluorescent image
- c is an MR image (T1-weighted)
- d is an MR image (T2-weighted) ).
- a shows an administered mouse
- b shows a non-administered mouse
- c shows an abdominal image
- d shows an excised organ.
- the fluorescence intensity with time when Gd-DOTA-Cy (Example 2) is administered to nude mice and fluorescence imaging is performed is shown. It is a figure which shows the result of having performed MRI imaging of the aorta by administering Gd-DOTA-BDP (Example 1) to the ApoE ⁇ / ⁇ mouse and the Wild-Type mouse which are arteriosclerosis model mice.
- FIG. 5 shows the results of Gd-DOTA-BDP (Example 1) administered to ApoE ⁇ / ⁇ mice and Wild-Type mice, which are arteriosclerosis model mice, and the aorta is excised from the mice, opened, and subjected to fluorescence imaging and Sudan IV staining.
- the upper part a shows the results of ApoE ⁇ / ⁇ mice, which are arteriosclerosis model mice
- the lower part b shows the results of Wild-Type mice
- the left side shows fluorescence images
- the right side shows Sudan IV stained images.
- the aorta where Gd-DOTA-BDP (Example 1) was administered to ApoE ⁇ / ⁇ mice and Wild-Type mice, which are atherosclerosis model mice, and the aorta where an increase in MRI signal was observed and the aorta where no signal change was observed
- a in the upper row is the frozen section of the aortic region where the signal increase was observed in MRI
- b in the lower row is the result of the frozen section of the aortic region where no signal change was observed in the MRI.
- the right side shows an Oil red O stained image. It is a figure which shows the result of having introduce
- the left side shows a transmission image
- the right side shows a confocal fluorescence microscope image.
- FIG. 10 It is a figure which shows the result of having carried out tail intravenous injection of Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy (Example 10) to a nude mouse, and having observed the pharmacokinetics of Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy by fluorescence imaging.
- a shows the result of fluorescence imaging of a Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy-administered mouse from outside the body
- b shows the result of fluorescence imaging of an organ excised from the Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy-administered mouse.
- FIG. 10 It is a figure which shows the result of having carried out the tail vein injection of Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy (Example 10) to the nude mouse, and performed the imaging in a mouse
- the left side shows the MRI measurement results before administration of Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy
- the right side shows the MRI measurement results after administration of Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy.
- the left side shows a transmission image
- the right side shows a confocal fluorescence microscope image.
- Gadolinium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N, N ′, N ′′, N ′′ ′-tetraacetic acid (Gd-DOTA) and gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) are both used. It is used as an MRI contrast agent and is easily available.
- the fluorescent gadolinium complex compound of the present invention has a DOTA or DTPA residue as a partial structure.
- the “residue” means the remaining structure in which one hydrogen atom is removed from DOTA or DOTA having a substituent or DTPA or DTPA having a substituent. This residue is directly bonded to any position on the benzene ring of the group represented by the general formula (I) or the general formula (II).
- the residue may be a DOTA having a substituent or a residue of DTPA having a substituent.
- a residue obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from the substituent can also be used.
- DOTA having a thioureido group (NH 2 -CS-NH-DOTA) or DTPA having a thioureido group (NH 2 -CS-NH-DTPA: In these descriptions, DOTA and DTPA are represented as monovalent residues for convenience. It is also preferred to use a residue (-NH-CS-NH-DOTA or -NH-CS-NH-DTPA) obtained by removing the hydrogen atom of the terminal amino group of the thioureido group.
- substitution position of the thioureido group is not particularly limited, it is preferable that DOTA is substituted on a carbon atom forming a tetraazacyclododecane ring structure, and DTPA is substituted on a carbon atom of an ethylene group.
- substituent capable of forming a residue in this manner include a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aralkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, a sulfo group, and an alkyl group.
- a sulfonate group, a ureido group, a carbamoyl group, and the like can be used, but are not limited thereto.
- R 1 in the general formula (I) represents a hydrogen atom or 1 to 4 substituents present at any position on the benzene ring. When two or more substituents are present, they may be the same or different.
- the type of the substituent represented by R 1 is not particularly limited.
- a halogen atom any of a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom
- a hydroxyl group an amino group (a mono- or di-substituted amino group)
- Nitro group carboxyl group, alkyl group, alkoxy group, alkoxycarbonyl group, aralkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, sulfo group, alkyl sulfonate group, and the like.
- R 1 is preferably a hydrogen atom, but it is also preferred when R 1 represents one alkyl group (for example, a methyl group).
- R 1 represents 1 to 4 substituents present at any position on the benzene ring
- these 1 to 4 substituents are one or two of the 1 to 4 substituents
- the above can be a substituent that has the ability to detect a target object by interacting with the target object.
- substituents may be collectively referred to as “detection substituents”.
- the target object includes a target substance and a target environment, examples of the target substance include reactive oxygen species and protons, and examples of the target environment include an acidic environment and a low oxygen environment. .
- substituents having the ability to detect the target object by interacting with the target object by itself can be used as the single substituent.
- Substituents that can detect a target object by interacting with the object and causing structural changes such as modification and elimination can be listed.
- substituents having the ability to detect a target object by two or more of the 1 to 4 substituents cooperating with the target object the two or more substituents are bonded to each other.
- a substituent that can detect a target object by forming a ring structure can be mentioned.
- the two or more substituents are bonded to each other in advance to form a ring structure, and the ring structure interacts with the target object (the substituent substituted on the ring structure interacts with the target object.
- Substituents that can detect the target object by causing a structural change can be mentioned.
- detection substituents are (1) (a) Before interacting with the target object, the compound represented by formula (I) is substantially bonded to the benzene ring to which the detection substituent is bonded so that the compound is substantially non-fluorescent. (B) After interaction with the target object, the compound after the interaction derived from the compound represented by the formula (I) has substantially high fluorescence. , Which substantially lowers the electron density of the benzene ring to which the detection substituent is bonded, Or (2) (a) substantially before the interaction with the target object, the benzene ring to which the detection substituent is attached so that the compound of formula (I) is substantially non-fluorescent.
- the compound after the interaction derived from the compound represented by formula (I) becomes substantially highly fluorescent. Substantially increasing the electron density of the benzene ring to which the detection substituent is bonded, You can choose from. By such selection, a so-called targeting function can be imparted to the compound of the general formula (I), which emits light only when there is an interaction with the target object.
- the type of the detection substituent is not limited and can be appropriately selected (for the method for selecting the detection substituent, International Publication WO2004). / 005917 pamphlet).
- some suitable substituents for detection are exemplified.
- R 1 represents two amino groups substituted at adjacent positions on the benzene ring (one of the amino groups is a C 1-6 alkyl-substituted amino group substituted with one C 1-6 alkyl).
- a group that forms a triazole ring by interaction with nitric oxide see JP-A-10-226688 and the like for the substituent).
- R 1 is a group represented by the following formula (A) in which two substituents substituted at adjacent positions on the benzene ring are bonded to each other to form a ring (wherein R 31 and R 32 are Each independently represents a C 1-4 alkyl group or a phenyl group) (see the International Publication WO99 / 51586 pamphlet for the substituent).
- R 1 is a group represented by the following formula (B) (see the international application PCT / JP2009 / 054017 and the like for the substituent).
- R 1 represents an amino group which may be substituted with one or two alkyl groups (the alkyl group may be substituted with a substituent other than an amino group), such as an unsubstituted amino group, dimethyl An amino group, a diethylamino group, an N-ethyl-N-methylamino group, etc. (refer to international publication WO2008 / 059910 pamphlet etc. about this substituent).
- the target environment is a hypoxic environment
- R 1 is a group represented by the following formulas (C) to (G) (see Japanese Patent Application Nos. 2008-225389 and 2008-129025 for the substituents).
- examples of the substituent for detection of the present invention include, for example, Chapter 2 (thiol reaction probe), Chapter 20 of the catalog of Molecular Probes (Handbook of Fluorescent Probes and Research Chemicals, Tenthedition, 2005). Substituents described in literatures relating to (pH indicator) and conventionally known fluorescence measurement methods described later can be appropriately selected and used.
- R 2 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 7 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group
- R 3 and R 6 are each independently hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group.
- the alkyl group may be linear, branched, cyclic, or a combination thereof. The same applies to the alkyl part of other substituents having an alkyl part (such as an alkoxy group).
- the type, number and substitution position of the substituent are not particularly limited, but for example, a halogen atom (fluorine atom) Any of chlorine atom, bromine atom and iodine atom), hydroxyl group, amino group (may be mono- or di-substituted amino group), nitro group, carboxyl group, alkyl group, alkoxy group, alkoxycarbonyl group, aralkyl Group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, sulfo group, alkyl sulfonate group, ureido group, thioureido group, carbamoyl group and the like may be substituted.
- a halogen atom fluorine atom
- R 2 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 7 are preferably each independently an unsubstituted C 1-6 alkyl group, and R 2 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 7 are each a methyl group. Further preferred. R 3 and R 6 are each independently preferably a hydrogen atom, a carboxy-substituted C 1-6 alkyl group or a C 1-6 alkoxy-substituted C 1-6 alkyl group, and more preferably a hydrogen atom.
- R 1 is exemplified as a substituent for detection when the target environment is an acidic environment, and R 1 is one or two alkyl groups (the alkyl group may be substituted with a substituent other than an amino group).
- R 3 and R 6 are each independently preferably a monocarboxy C 1-4 alkyl group among the optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl groups. .
- a person skilled in the art can naturally understand preferable combinations of R 1 , R 3 and R 6 by referring to the international publication WO2008 / 059910 pamphlet and the like.
- one or more fluorine atoms bonded to the boron atom present in the indacene skeleton have a C 1-6 alkoxy group which may have a substituent or a substituent. It may be an aryloxy group.
- One or more fluorine atoms bonded to a boron atom can be substituted with a C 1-6 alkoxy group which may have a substituent or an aryloxy group which may have a substituent.
- the detection substituent is (A) Before interacting with a target object, the fluorescence is quenched by a photo-induced electron transfer (PeT) mechanism from the indacene skeleton, which is the fluorescent mother nucleus, to the detection substituent or from the detection substituent to the indacene skeleton, and (b ) After interacting with the target object, quenching by the PeT mechanism from the indacene skeleton that is the fluorescent mother nucleus to the detection substituent or from the detection substituent to the indacene skeleton is substantially eliminated. It can be appropriately selected from those.
- PeT photo-induced electron transfer
- R 11 in the general formula (II) represents a hydrogen atom or 1 to 4 substituents present at any position on the benzene ring. When two or more substituents are present, they may be the same or different.
- the type of the substituent represented by R 11 is not particularly limited.
- a halogen atom any of a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom
- a hydroxyl group an amino group (a mono- or di-substituted amino group)
- Nitro group carboxyl group, alkyl group, alkoxy group, alkoxycarbonyl group, aralkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group, sulfo group, alkyl sulfonate group, and the like.
- R 11 is preferably a hydrogen atom, but it is also preferable when R 11 represents one alkyl group (for example, a methyl group).
- R 11 represents 1 to 4 substituents present at any position on the benzene ring, these 1 to 4 substituents are one or two of the 1 to 4 substituents
- the above can be a substituent (detection substituent) having the ability to detect the target object by interacting with the target object in cooperation.
- R 11 is a substituent for detection, preferred embodiments of R 11 are the same as those described for R 1 of the compound of the general formula (I).
- R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 are each independently a C 1-6 alkyl group optionally having a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a substituent. Indicates.
- R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an unsubstituted C 1-6 alkyl group, More preferably, R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , and R 19 are hydrogen atoms.
- R 20 and R 21 each independently represent a C 1-18 alkyl group which may have a substituent, but preferably each independently represents a C 1-6 alkyl group which may have a substituent. And more preferably an unsubstituted C 1-6 alkyl group.
- an ethyl group, n-propyl group, n-butyl group and the like are preferably used.
- Z 1 represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or —N (R 22 ) — (wherein R 22 represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group), preferably Represents an oxygen atom.
- Y 1 and Y 2 are each independently —C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ S) —, or —C (R 23 ) (R 24 ) — (wherein R 23 and R 24 are each independently Represents a C 1-6 alkyl group which may have a substituent, and preferably represents —C (R 23 ) (R 24 ) —.
- R 23 and R 24 are preferably unsubstituted C 1-6 alkyl groups.
- both R 23 and R 24 are methyl groups.
- M ⁇ indicates the number of counter ions necessary for charge neutralization, but usually when M ⁇ is not present because the charge is neutralized by the carboxylate anion present in the residue of Gd-DOTA or Gd-DTPA. There is. When M ⁇ is present, iodine ions, chlorine ions, or the like can be used.
- the fluorescent gadolinium complex compound of the present invention generally has an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a thiol at any position on the benzene ring in the group represented by the general formula (I) or the general formula (II). Fluorescence by reacting a reactive DOTA derivative or reactive DTPA derivative with a reactive functional group for introducing a reactive DOTA derivative or reactive DTPA derivative such as an isocyanate group, an isothiocyanate group, etc. After producing a gadolinium ligand compound, it can be easily produced by reacting the ligand compound with a gadolinium salt.
- the above-mentioned fluorescent gadolinium ligand compound used as an intermediate for production is also a compound included in the scope of the present invention.
- a reactive DOTA derivative or a reactive DTPA derivative is introduced onto the benzene ring in the group represented by the general formula (I) or the general formula (II).
- a compound having an isothiocyanate group bonded thereto is used, a compound having an amino group as a reactive DOTA derivative or a reactive DTPA derivative, for example, DOTA having a p-aminobenzyl group as a substituent or p-amino as a substituent What is necessary is just to make DTPA which has a benzyl group react.
- the following compounds are commercially available as DOTA or DTPA having a p-aminobenzyl group (Macrocyclics: http://www.macrocycles.com), and these reactive DOTA derivatives or reactive DTPA derivatives are preferably used. can do.
- a compound having an amino group bonded to a benzene ring for introducing a reactive DOTA derivative or a reactive DTPA derivative in the group represented by the general formula (I) or the general formula (II) is used.
- a compound having an activated carboxyl group for example, DOTA or DTPA having a succinimidyloxycarbonylmethyl group as a substituent, DTPA anhydride having DTPA as an acid anhydride, or the like can be used.
- DOTA or DTPA having a succinimidyloxycarbonylmethyl group as a substituent DTPA anhydride having DTPA as an acid anhydride, or the like
- DTPA anhydride having DTPA as an acid anhydride or the like
- the following commercially available compounds can be used, but are not limited thereto.
- the reaction between the fluorescent gadolinium ligand compound and the gadolinium salt can be carried out by methods well known to those skilled in the art.
- the gadolinium salt for example, GdCl 3 ⁇ 6H 2 O can be used, but it is not limited to this specific gadolinium salt.
- Those skilled in the art can perform the above reaction by appropriately selecting an appropriate gadolinium salt and reaction conditions.
- the fluorescent gadolinium complex compound of the present invention can be easily produced by appropriately changing starting materials and reaction reagents as necessary.
- the fluorescent gadolinium ligand compound or fluorescent gadolinium complex compound of the present invention may have one or more asymmetric carbons, but optically based on one or more asymmetric carbons. Any optical isomer in pure form, any mixture of optical isomers, racemate, diastereoisomer in pure form, mixture of diastereoisomers and the like are all included in the scope of the present invention. Moreover, although the fluorescent gadolinium ligand compound or fluorescent gadolinium complex compound of the present invention may exist as a hydrate or a solvate, it goes without saying that these substances are also included in the scope of the present invention. .
- the fluorescent gadolinium ligand compound or fluorescent gadolinium complex compound of the present invention may form a salt.
- the kind of salt is not particularly limited, and may be either an acid addition salt or a base addition salt.
- the acid addition salt include mineral acid salts such as hydrochloride, sulfate, and nitrate, or organic acid salts such as acetate, methanesulfonate, citrate, p-toluenesulfonate, and oxalate.
- the base addition salt include metal salts such as sodium salt, potassium salt and calcium salt, ammonium salts, and organic amine salts such as methylamine salt and triethylamine salt.
- it may form a salt of an amino acid such as glycine.
- the salt of the fluorescent gadolinium ligand compound or fluorescent gadolinium complex compound of the present invention is not limited to these specific examples.
- fluorescent gadolinium complex compound of the present invention as, for example, a probe or a contrast agent
- fluorescent MRI probe or “fluorescent MRI contrast agent” means that it can be used as a probe or a contrast agent in both the fluorescence method and the MRI method.
- MRI is suitable for imaging of a deep part of a living body
- a fluorescence method is suitable for imaging of a shallow part of a living body, near the surface of a living body, or the surface of a living body.
- a living body can be imaged by appropriately selecting either the fluorescence method or MRI, or combining them appropriately.
- the probe or contrast agent of the present invention since the probe or contrast agent of the present invention has the property of being easily taken up and accumulated in cells, it is characterized by giving a strong signal in imaging of the deep part of a living body by MRI and obtaining a very clear image. is there.
- the use of the probe or contrast agent of the present invention is not limited to imaging of a living body, and it is used for an object other than a living body, for example, a tissue or organ separated from a living body, a cultured cell population, or regenerative medicine. In addition, it is possible to perform imaging of organs and tissues created in vitro.
- the measurement of fluorescence can be performed according to a conventionally known fluorescence measurement method (for example, Wiersma, JH, Anal. Lett., 3, pp. 123-132, 1970; Sawicki, CR, Anal.Lett., 4, pp. 761-775, 1971; Damiani, P. and Burini, G., Talanta, 8, pp. 649-652, 1986; Misko, TP, Anal. Kojima, H., Nakatsubo, N., Kikuchi, K., Kawahara, S., Kirino Y., Nagashi, H., Hirata, Y. and Nagano, T., Anal. Chem., 70, pp. 2446-2453, 199.
- a conventionally known fluorescence measurement method for example, Wiersma, JH, Anal. Lett., 3, pp. 123-132, 1970; Sawicki, CR, Anal.Lett., 4, pp. 761-7
- the probe or contrast agent represented by the general formula (I) is preferably irradiated with light having a wavelength of around 500 nm as excitation light, It is preferable to measure fluorescence around 510 nm.
- the probe or contrast agent represented by the general formula (II) it is preferable to irradiate light having a wavelength near 770 nm as excitation light and measure fluorescence at around 790 nm.
- excitation light is irradiated with light having a wavelength of about 650 to 900 nm, preferably around 780 nm, and about 650 to 900 nm. It is preferable to measure fluorescence around 820 nm.
- excitation light having such a wavelength the excitation light passes through the living tissue without being attenuated and reaches the deep tissue, so that highly sensitive measurement can be performed at the site.
- MRI can be performed according to a known method of imaging with a gadolinium contrast agent using a medical MRI apparatus using a proton signal.
- a T1-weighted image or a T2-weighted image can be obtained as necessary, and an appropriate retention time (TR) and echo time (TE) can be selected and adjusted to increase the contrast in the target tissue or cell. it can.
- TR 300 to 500 milliseconds and TE can be about 10 milliseconds for a T1-weighted image
- the method of using the probe or contrast agent of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be used in the same manner as conventionally known MRI contrast agents or fluorescent contrast agents.
- the fluorescent gadolinium complex compound is added to an aqueous medium such as physiological saline or a buffer, or a mixture of an aqueous medium such as ethanol, acetone, ethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide and an aqueous medium.
- the fluorescence spectrum and the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum may be measured by dissolving and intravenously administering to a living body, or adding this solution in an appropriate buffer containing cells and tissues.
- the probe or contrast agent of the present invention may be used in the form of a composition in combination with appropriate additives. For example, it can be combined with additives such as a buffer, a solubilizing agent and a pH adjuster.
- the obtained brown solid was dissolved in toluene (200 mL), triethylamine (4.2 mL, 30 mmol) and boron trifluoride-diethyl ether complex (5.0 mL, 40 mmol) were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours.
- the reaction solution was washed successively with 2N HCl, saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate, and brine, the organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solid was removed by filtration.
- FIG. 1 shows an optical and fluorescence microscopic image after HeLa cells were treated with a probe for 2 hours
- FIG. 2 shows a confocal image. It was confirmed from the fluorescence microscope image that both Gd-DOTA-BDP and Gd-DOTA-Cy were introduced into the cells. From the confocal image, it is considered that both Gd-DOTA-BDP and Gd-DOTA-Cy are accumulated in the organelle near the nucleus. In both probes, the cells after introduction were alive and were not considered to be greatly cytotoxic.
- Example 4 A PBS buffer solution of Gd-DOTA-BDP obtained in Example 1 was prepared and subjected to MRI. 3, the left side shows PBS buffer, the right side shows Gd-DOTA-BDP in PBS buffer, a is under normal light, b is a fluorescent image, c is an MR image (T1-weighted), and d is an MR image. (T2-weighted). As shown in FIG. 3a, Gd-DOTA-BDP significantly shortens T1, and can enhance the signal in the T1-weighted image of the MR image.
- Example 5 Gd-DOTA-BDP (Example 1), Gd-DOTA-Cy (Example 2), and “Magnevist (registered trademark)” were added to HeLa cell culture medium (DMEM) to a concentration of 100 ⁇ M, and the cells were incubated for 2 hours. MRI was performed after introduction.
- DMEM HeLa cell culture medium
- a represents a normal light beam
- Mag is a commercially available MRI contrast agent Magnevist (registered trademark)
- BDP is Gd-DOTA-BDP (Example 1)
- Cy is the result of Gd-DOTA-Cy (Example 2).
- Magnevist registered trademark
- the signal intensity is Gd-DOTA-BDP, Gd-DOTA-Cy, and “Magnevist (registered trademark)”. It was comparable with the control produced without adding. On the other hand, a stronger signal was observed in Gd-DOTA-BDP and Gd-DOTA-Cy than in “Magnevist (registered trademark)”.
- Example 6 Gd-DOTA-Cy (Example 2) (100 ⁇ M in 100 ⁇ L physiological saline) was intravenously injected from the tail of a nude mouse, and in vivo fluorescence imaging was performed at an excitation wavelength of 670-750 nm and a fluorescence wavelength of 820 nm.
- a is a photograph obtained by fluorescence imaging of the administered mouse from outside the body
- b is a photograph obtained by fluorescence imaging of the non-administered mouse from outside the body
- c is a photograph obtained by fluorescence imaging the opened abdomen
- d is a photograph obtained by fluorescence imaging the removed organ. It is.
- Example 7 Using Gd-DOTA-BDP (Example 1), MRI imaging of the aorta of ApoE ⁇ / ⁇ mice and Wild-Type mice, which are atherosclerosis model mice, was performed. MRI imaging was performed by anesthetizing a mouse with isoflurane and administering 100 ⁇ L of Gd-DOTA-BDP (5 mM) dissolved in physiological saline from the orbital vein, and additionally 150 ⁇ L after 2 hours. MRI measurement was performed before administration of Gd-DOTA-BDP and 1 hour after each administration of Gd-DOTA-BDP (measurement conditions: TR; 500 ms, TE; 13.2 ms, TI; 250 ms, Black Blood sequence).
- FIG. 7 The results are shown in FIG. In FIG. 7, the upper “a” indicates ApoE ⁇ / ⁇ mice that are atherosclerosis model mice, and the lower “b” indicates before administration (left), after administration (center), and after additional administration (right) of Wild-Type mice. The results are shown.
- FIG. 7a in ApoE ⁇ / ⁇ mouse, which is an arteriosclerosis model mouse, Gd-DOTA-BDP penetrates the coating covering the arteriosclerotic lesion and accumulates in the arteriosclerotic lesion indicated by the arrow. It was confirmed that the MRI signal was increased.
- FIG. 7a indicates ApoE ⁇ / ⁇ mice that are atherosclerosis model mice
- the lower “b” indicates before administration (left), after administration (center), and after additional administration (right) of Wild-Type mice.
- FIG. 7a in ApoE ⁇ / ⁇ mouse, which is an arteriosclerosis model mouse, Gd-DOTA-BDP penetrates the coating covering the arterio
- Example 8 After completion of the MRI experiment of Example 7, the aorta was excised from the mouse and opened, and fluorescence imaging was performed with a fluorescence imaging apparatus (Maestro (registered trademark)) (measurement conditions: excitation wavelength; 445-490 nm, fluorescence wavelength: 520-800 nm). ). After acquiring the fluorescence image, arteriosclerotic lesion staining was further performed with Sudan IV. Sudan IV is a dye that is commonly used to stain the arteriosclerotic lesions of the isolated aorta. The results are shown in FIG. In FIG.
- Example 9 After completion of the MRI experiment in Example 7, a frozen section of an aortic site where a signal increase was observed in MRI and an aortic site where no signal change was observed was prepared, and fluorescence imaging was performed using a fluorescence microscope (measurement conditions: excitation wavelength; 500 nm, fluorescence wavelength; 505-600 nm). After acquiring the fluorescent image, further, arteriosclerotic lesion staining was performed with Oil red O. Oil red O is a dye that is commonly used to stain arteriosclerotic lesions of aortic sections. The results are shown in FIG. In FIG.
- the upper part a shows the result of the frozen section of the aortic region where the signal increase was observed in MRI
- the lower part b shows the result of the frozen section of the aortic region where no signal change was observed in the MRI
- the left side shows the fluorescence.
- Image, right side shows Oil red O stained image.
- Gd-DOTA-BDP fluorescence and Oil red O-stained images were selectively observed in a frozen section at a site where a signal increase was observed by MRI.
- FIG. 9b neither arteriosclerotic lesion nor Gd-DOTA-BDP fluorescence was observed in the frozen section of the site where no signal change was observed in MRI.
- Gd-DOTA-BDP can detect arteriosclerotic lesions by MRI and can selectively detect arteriosclerotic lesions by fluorescence.
- Example 11 Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy obtained in Example 10 was introduced into HeLa cells, and fluorescence imaging was performed.
- FIG. 10 shows the results of observation with an optical and confocal fluorescence microscope after HeLa cells were treated with 10 ⁇ M Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy.
- the left side shows a transmission image
- the right side shows a confocal fluorescence microscope image (measurement conditions: excitation wavelength: 670 nm, fluorescence wavelength: 700-800 nm). From the confocal fluorescence microscope image, it was confirmed that Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy was introduced into the cells.
- Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy becomes more water-soluble than Gd-DOTA-Cy by introducing a PEG chain, making it easier to prepare an aqueous Gd-DOTA-Cy solution, and compared to Gd-DOTA-Cy. It showed higher intracellular transmissibility. Moreover, the cells after introduction of Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy were alive and were considered not to have great cytotoxicity.
- Example 12 Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy (Example 10) was intravenously injected into nude mice, and the pharmacokinetics of Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy was observed by fluorescence imaging.
- Nembutal (30 ⁇ L) was intraperitoneally injected into nude mice (8 weeks old, male), and 100 ⁇ L of Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy (100 ⁇ M) dissolved in physiological saline was administered from the tail vein. I went.
- Results of fluorescence imaging from outside the body with a fluorescence imaging apparatus (Maestro (registered trademark)) and results of extinction with CO 2 1 hour after Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy administration, laparotomy, excision of the organ, and observation of fluorescence Is shown in FIG. 11 (measurement conditions: excitation wavelength; 670-750 nm, fluorescence wavelength: 780-900 nm).
- a is a result of fluorescence imaging of a Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy-administered mouse from outside the body
- b is a result of fluorescence imaging of an organ extracted from the Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy-administered mouse.
- Example 13 Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy (Example 10) was intravenously injected into a nude mouse, and the mouse body was imaged by MRI. MRI imaging was performed by anesthetizing mice with isoflurane (1.5-2%) and administering 100 ⁇ L of Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy (5 mM) dissolved in physiological saline from the orbital vein.
- MRI measurement was performed before and after administration of Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy (measurement conditions: TR; 7000, 2000, 1000, 600, 300, 200, 150, 100 ms, TE; 9.8 ms, flip angle (FA), 131 band; effective bandwidth, 100 kHz; slice thickness, 1 mm; field of view (FOV), 80x50 mm 2 ; in-plane resolution, 0.39 mm; matrix size, 128 ⁇ 128; .).
- the results are shown in FIG.
- the left side shows the MRI measurement results before administration of Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy
- the right side shows the MRI measurement results after administration of Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy.
- FIG. 12 the left side shows the MRI measurement results before administration of Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy
- the right side shows the MRI measurement results after administration of Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy.
- Example 14 Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy (Example 10) was orally injected into nude mice, and then the liver was excised from the mouse body to prepare a frozen section, and fluorescence imaging was performed with a confocal microscope. Fluorescence imaging using a confocal microscope was as follows: 1) Nembutal (30 ⁇ L) was intraperitoneally injected into nude mice (8 weeks old, male) and 2) Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy (5 mM) dissolved in physiological saline. 3) Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy 30 minutes after administration of Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy, the mice were killed with CO 2 , and blood was drawn from the heart.
- the extracted liver was washed 3 times with PBS and frozen to prepare a section (10 ⁇ m).
- the prepared section was placed on a slide glass and covered with a cover glass (measurement condition: excitation wavelength; 670 nm). , Fluorescence wavelength: 700-800 nm).
- the results are shown in FIG.
- the left side shows a transmission image
- the right side shows a confocal fluorescence microscope image.
- near-infrared fluorescence derived from Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy is observed from the hepatocyte slice with sufficient intensity, and Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy is incorporated into hepatocytes. It was confirmed that
- Example 11 The results obtained in Example 11, Example 12, Example 13 and Example 14 show that Gd-DOTA-PEG-Cy is efficiently taken up by hepatocytes in liver tissue in vivo, by MRI and fluorescence. It shows that visualization of the state in the liver is possible in vivo.
- the fluorescent MRI probe of the present invention in which the specific fluorescent dye represented by the general formula (I) or the general formula (II) and the gadolinium complex are combined can be used without using means such as CPP or dextran. It was confirmed to have a high intracellular translocation property. It was confirmed that double imaging by fluorescence method and MRI was possible after being easily taken up into cells.
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Abstract
Description
前記標的対象には、標的物質や標的環境が含まれ、標的物質としては、活性酸素種、プロトンなどを例示することができ、標的環境としては酸性環境、低酸素環境などを例示することができる。
(1)(a)標的対象と相互作用する前には、式(I)で表される化合物が実質的に無蛍光性になるように、検出用置換基が結合するベンゼン環に実質的に高い電子密度を与えるものであり、かつ
(b)標的対象と相互作用した後には、式(I)で表される化合物に由来する相互作用後の化合物が実質的に高い蛍光性になるように、検出用置換基が結合するベンゼン環の電子密度を実質的に低下させるもの、
又は
(2)(a)標的対象と相互作用する前には、式(I)で表される化合物が実質的に無蛍光性になるように、検出用置換基が結合するベンゼン環に実質的に低い電子密度を与えるものであり、かつ
(b)標的対象と相互作用した後には、式(I)で表される化合物に由来する相互作用後の化合物が実質的に高い蛍光性になるように、検出用置換基が結合するベンゼン環の電子密度を実質的に上昇させるもの、
から選択することができる。このような選択により一般式(I)の化合物に対して、標的対象との相互作用があった場合にのみ発光する、いわゆるターゲティング機能を付与することができる。前記した検出用置換基の条件(1)又は(2)を満たす限りにおいて、検出用置換基の種類に制限はなく適宜に選択可能である(検出用置換基の選択方法については、国際公開WO2004/005917パンフレットなどを参照)。以下、好適な検出用置換基のいくつかを例示する。
R1は、ベンゼン環上の隣接する位置に置換する2個のアミノ基(該アミノ基のうち一方のアミノ基は一つのC1−6アルキルで置換されたC1−6アルキル置換アミノ基であってもよい)の組み合わせであって一酸化窒素との相互作用によりトリアゾール環を形成する基(該置換基については、特開平10−226688号公報などを参照)。
R1は、ベンゼン環上の隣接する位置に置換する2個の置換基が互いに結合して環を形成している下記式(A)で表される基(式中、R31及びR32はそれぞれ独立にC1−4アルキル基又はフェニル基を示す)(該置換基については、国際公開WO99/51586パンフレットなどを参照)。
R1は、1個又は2個のアルキル基(該アルキル基はアミノ基以外の置換基により置換されていてもよい)により置換されていてもよいアミノ基、例えば、無置換のアミノ基、ジメチルアミノ基、ジエチルアミノ基、N−エチル−N−メチルアミノ基など(該置換基については、国際公開WO2008/059910パンフレットなどを参照)。
例えば、標的環境が酸性環境である場合の検出用置換基として例示した、R1が1個又は2個のアルキル基(該アルキル基はアミノ基以外の置換基により置換されていてもよい)により置換されていてもよいアミノ基である場合、R3及びR6は、それぞれ独立に、置換基を有していてもよいC1−6アルキル基のうちモノカルボキシC1−4アルキル基が好ましい。当業者は、国際公開WO2008/059910パンフレットなどを参照することで、該R1とR3及びR6の好ましい組み合わせについても、当然に理解することができる。
(a)標的対象との相互作用する前は蛍光母核であるインダセン骨格から検出用置換基又は検出用置換基からインダセン骨格へのPhoto−induced electron Transfer(PeT)機構によって消光し、かつ
(b)標的対象と相互作用した後には、蛍光母核であるインダセン骨格から検出用置換基又は検出用置換基からインダセン骨格へのPeT機構による消光が実質的になくなる、
ものから適宜選択することができる。
2)Sigma Aldrich:http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/sigma−aldrich/home.html
3)TCI:http://www.tokyokasei.co.jp/
1H−NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ 1.37(s,6H),2.57(s,6H),6.02(s,2H),7.54(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),8.39(d,J=8.6Hz,2H)
LRMS(ESI−):368(M−H)−
1H−NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ 1.49(s,6H),2.54(s,6H),3.83(br s,2H),5.97(s,2H),6.77(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.01(d,J=8.1Hz,2H)
LRMS(ESI+):340(M+H)+,320(M−F)+
1H−NMR(300MHz,CD3OD):δ 1.49(s,6H),2.48(s,6H),3.00−4.20(m,25H),6.06(s,2H),7.30(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.31(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.49(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.72(d,J=8.4Hz,2H)
LRMS(ESI+):891(M+H)+
LRMS(ESI−):1044(M)−.
1H−NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ 1.51(s,9H),5.54(s,1H),6.36(br s,1H),6.75(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.18(d,J=8.8Hz,2H)
1H−NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ 1.05(t,J=7.4Hz,6H),1.36(s,12H),1.50(s,9H),1.87(sex,J=7.4Hz,4H),2.05(t,J=5.5Hz,2H),2.72(t,J=5.5Hz,4H),4.05(t,J=7.4Hz,4H),6.05(d,J=14.3Hz,2H),6.80(br s,1H),6.99(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),7.09(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),7.20(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),7.27(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),7.34(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),7.47(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),7.91(d,J=14.3Hz,2H)
LRMS(ESI+):m/z 712(M−I)+
1H−NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ 1.03(t,J=7.4Hz,6H),1.38(s,12H),1.86(sex,J=7.4Hz,4H),2.02(t,J=5.8Hz,2H),2.67(t,J=5.8Hz,4H),4.00(t,J=7.4Hz,4H),6.01(d,J=14.3Hz,2H),6.70(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.85(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.06(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.19(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.27(d,J=6.4Hz,2H),7.34(td,J=7.6,1.2Hz,2H),7.96(d,J=14.3Hz,2H)
LRMS(ESI+):m/z 612(M−I)+
1H−NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ 1.04(t,J=7.4Hz,6H),1.35(s,12H),1.86(sex,J=7.4Hz,4H),2.04(t,J=5.8Hz,2H),2.72(t,J=5.8Hz,4H),4.07(t,J=7.4Hz,4H),6.13(d,J=14.3Hz,2H),7.06(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.09(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.17−7.28(m,6H),7.36(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.79(d,J=14.3Hz,2H)
LRMS(ESI+):m/z 654(M−I)+
1H−NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ 1.01(t,J=7.4Hz,6H),1.39(s,12H),1.83(sex,J=7.4Hz,4H),2.05(t,J=5.8Hz,2H),2.60−4.30(m,25H),2.74(t,J=5.8Hz,4H),4.07(t,J=7.4Hz,4H),6.16(d,J=14.3Hz,2H),7.12(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.20(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.24−7.49(m,12H),8.01(d,J=14.3Hz,2H)
LRMS(ESI+):m/z 1163(M−CF3COO)+
HRMS(ESI−):Calcd for[M+CF3COO]−,1430.47821;found,1430.48668(+8.48mmu).
例1及び例2で得られたGd−DOTA−BDP及びGd−DOTA−CyをHeLa細胞に導入して蛍光イメージングを行なった。図1にはHeLa細胞をプローブで2時間処理した後の光学及び蛍光顕微鏡像を示し、図2には共焦点画像を示す。蛍光顕微鏡像からGd−DOTA−BDP及びGd−DOTA−Cyはいずれも細胞内に導入されていることが確認できた。共焦点画像から、Gd−DOTA−BDP,Gd−DOTA−Cyはいずれも核付近のオルガネラに集積していると考えられる。また、どちらのプローブの場合にも導入後の細胞は生存しており、大きな細胞毒性はないと考えられた。
例1で得られたGd−DOTA−BDPのPBSバッファー溶液を調製し、MRIを行った。図3の各写真において左側はPBSバッファー、右側はPBSバッファー中のGd−DOTA−BDPを示し、aは通常光線下、bは蛍光像、cはMR像(T1強調)、及びdはMR像(T2強調)を示す。図3aに示すように、Gd−DOTA−BDPはT1を顕著に短縮し、MR像のうちT1強調画像においてシグナルを強調することができる。
Gd−DOTA−BDP(例1)、Gd−DOTA−Cy(例2)及び「Magnevist(登録商標)」をHeLa細胞培養液(DMEM)にそれぞれ100μMとなるように加え、2時間インキュベートして細胞に導入した後、MRIを行った。図4の写真においてaは通常光線下、bはMR像(T1強調:TR/TE=600ms/14ms)を示す。各チューブ中Magは市販のMRI造影剤であるMagnevist(登録商標)、BDPはGd−DOTA−BDP(例1)、CyはGd−DOTA−Cy(例2)の結果を示す。現在、MRI造影剤として臨床で用いられている「Magnevist(登録商標)」は細胞内部に取り込まれないためにシグナル強度はGd−DOTA−BDP、Gd−DOTA−Cy及び「Magnevist(登録商標)」を加えずに作製したコントロールと同程度であった。一方、Gd−DOTA−BDP及びGd−DOTA−Cyでは「Magnevist(登録商標)」に比べて強いシグナルが観察された。
Gd−DOTA−Cy(例2)(100μL生理食塩水中100μM)をヌードマウスの尾から静注してイン・ビボの蛍光イメージングを励起波長670−750nm、蛍光波長820nmで行った。図5の写真においてaは投与マウスを体外から蛍光イメージングした写真、bは非投与マウスを体外から蛍光イメージングした写真、cは開腹した腹部を蛍光イメージングした写真、dは摘出臓器を蛍光イメージングした写真である。
Gd−DOTA−BDP(例1)を用い動脈硬化モデルマウスであるApoE−/−マウス及びWild−Typeマウスの大動脈のMRIイメージングを行った。MRIイメージングは、マウスをイソフルランにより麻酔し、生理食塩水に溶かしたGd−DOTA−BDP(5mM)を眼窩静脈より100μL、さらに2時間後に150μLを追加投与して行った。MRI測定はGd−DOTA−BDPの投与前及びGd−DOTA−BDPの各投与の1時間後に行った(測定条件:TR;500ms,TE;13.2ms,TI;250ms,Black Blood sequence)。結果を図7に示す。図7中、上段のaは、動脈硬化モデルマウスであるApoE−/−マウスの、下段のbは、Wild−Typeマウスの投与前(左)、投与後(中央)及び追加投与後(右)の結果を示す。図7aに示すように、動脈硬化モデルマウスであるApoE−/−マウスにおいて、Gd−DOTA−BDPが動脈硬化巣を覆う被膜を透過して矢印の部分の動脈硬化巣に集積し、動脈硬化巣のMRIシグナルを上昇させることが確認された。一方、図7bに示すように、コントロールとして行った動脈硬化巣を持たないwild−typeマウスの同様の実験では、MRIシグナルの上昇は観測されなかった。蛍光色素Boron Dipyrromethene(BDP)は、その疎水性から白色脂肪細胞中の脂肪滴選択的に集積することが知られている。以上の結果は、脂肪滴と動脈硬化の構成成分が類似しているため、BDP部位を持つGd−DOTA−BDPが動脈硬化に集積して、MRIシグナルを上昇させたことを示しており、Gd−DOTA−BDPを用いたMRIで動脈硬化巣の検出が可能であることが確認された。
例7のMRI実験終了後、マウスから大動脈を摘出して切り開き、蛍光イメージング装置(Maestro(登録商標))により蛍光イメージングを行った(測定条件:励起波長;445−490nm、蛍光波長;520−800nm)。蛍光画像取得後、さらに、SudanIVにより動脈硬化巣染色を行った。SudanIVは摘出した大動脈の動脈硬化巣を染色する際に一般的に用いられる色素である。結果を図8に示す。図8中、上段のaは、動脈硬化モデルマウスであるApoE−/−マウスの結果、下段のbは、Wild−Typeマウスの結果であり、左側は蛍光画像、右側はSudanIV染色像を示す。図8aに示すように、動脈硬化モデルマウスであるApoE−/−マウスにおいて、Gd−DOTA−BDPがSudanIVによって染色された動脈硬化巣に集積し、動脈硬化巣選択的な蛍光が観察された。一方、図8bに示すように、コントロールとして行ったwild−typeマウスの同様の実験では、動脈硬化巣もGd−DOTA−BDPの蛍光も観測されなかった。
例7のMRI実験終了後、MRIにおいてシグナル上昇が見られた大動脈部位とシグナル変化が見られなかった大動脈部位の凍結切片を作製し、蛍光顕微鏡により蛍光イメージングを行った(測定条件:励起波長;500nm、蛍光波長;505−600nm)。蛍光画像取得後、さらに、Oil red Oにより動脈硬化巣染色を行った。Oil red Oは大動脈切片の動脈硬化巣を染色する際に一般的に用いられる色素である。結果を図9に示す。図9中、上段のaは、MRIにおいてシグナル上昇が見られた大動脈部位の凍結切片、下段のbは、MRIにおいてシグナル変化が見られなかった大動脈部位の凍結切片の結果であり、左側は蛍光画像、右側はOil red O染色像を示す。図9aに示すように、MRIでシグナル上昇が見られた部位の凍結切片において、Gd−DOTA−BDPの蛍光及びOil red O染色像が動脈硬化巣選択的に観測された。一方、図9bに示すように、MRIにおいてシグナル変化が見られなかった部位の凍結切片においては、動脈硬化巣もGd−DOTA−BDPの蛍光も観測されなかった。
MS(ESI+):m/z 1196(M+H)+.
MS(ESI+):m/z 1096(M+H)+.
1H−NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ 0.92(t,J=7.5Hz,6H),1.30(s,12H),1.74(sex,J=7.5Hz,4H),1.95(s,2H),2.51−4.19(m,6H),6.07(d,J=13.9Hz,2H),7.03(d,J=9.2Hz,2H),7.12(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.18(t,J=7.7Hz,4H),7.26−7.35(m,8H),7.91(d,J=13.9Hz,4H);MS(ESI+):m/z 1749(M)+.
HRMS(ESI−):Calcd for[M+H]−,1904.81452;found,1904.81110(−3.43mmu).
例10で得られたGd−DOTA−PEG−CyをHeLa細胞に導入して蛍光イメージングを行なった。図10にはHeLa細胞を10μMのGd−DOTA−PEG−Cyで処理した後に、光学及び共焦点蛍光顕微鏡で観察を行った結果を示す。左側は透過像を示し、右側は共焦点蛍光顕微鏡像(測定条件:励起波長;670nm、蛍光波長;700−800nm)を示す。共焦点蛍光顕微鏡像から、Gd−DOTA−PEG−Cyが細胞内に導入されていることが確認できた。Gd−DOTA−PEG−Cyは、PEG鎖を導入することでGd−DOTA−Cyよりも水溶性が高まってGd−DOTA−Cy水溶液の調整が容易になる上、Gd−DOTA−Cyに比べてより高い細胞内導入性を示した。また、Gd−DOTA−PEG−Cyを導入後の細胞は生存しており、大きな細胞毒性はないと考えられた。
Gd−DOTA−PEG−Cy(例10)をヌードマウスに尾静注し、蛍光イメージングにてGd−DOTA−PEG−Cyの体内動態の観察を行った。蛍光イメージングは、ネンブタール(30μL)をヌードマウス(8週齢、オス)に腹腔内注射して麻酔し、生理食塩水に溶かしたGd−DOTA−PEG−Cy(100μM)を尾静脈より100μL投与して行った。蛍光イメージング装置(Maestro(登録商標))により、体外から蛍光イメージングを行った結果及びGd−DOTA−PEG−Cy投与1時間後にCO2で絶命させ、開腹して臓器を摘出し蛍光を観察した結果を図11に示す(測定条件:励起波長;670−750nm、蛍光波長;780−900nm)。図11の写真において、aはGd−DOTA−PEG−Cy投与マウスを体外から蛍光イメージングした結果、bはGd−DOTA−PEG−Cy投与マウスから摘出した臓器を蛍光イメージングした結果である。Gd−DOTA−PEG−Cyは投与後速やかに肝臓に集積することが確認された(図11b)。また体外からの蛍光イメージング(図11a)における蛍光強度は、蛍光イメージングが可能な蛍光強度を十分に保っていることが確認された。
Gd−DOTA−PEG−Cy(例10)をヌードマウスに尾静注し、MRIにてマウス体内のイメージングを行った。MRIイメージングは、マウスをイソフルラン(1.5~2%)により麻酔し、生理食塩水に溶かしたGd−DOTA−PEG−Cy(5mM)を眼窩静脈より100μL投与して行った。MRI測定はGd−DOTA−PEG−Cyの投与前後に行った(測定条件:TR;7000,2000,1000,600,300,200,150,100ms,TE;9.8ms,flip angle(FA),131degrees;effective bandwidth,100kHz;slice thickness,1mm;field of view(FOV),80x50mm2;in−plane resolution,0.39mm;matrix size,128×128;number of signal averages,1;number of segment,1.)。結果を図12に示す。図12中、左側はGd−DOTA−PEG−Cyの投与前のMRI測定結果、右側はGd−DOTA−PEG−Cyの投与後のMRI測定結果を示す。図12において、点線の枠で囲った部分でGd−DOTA−PEG−Cyの投与後にT1マップにおいて、縦緩和時間T1の大きな短縮が観察された。これは、肝臓に集積したGd−DOTA−PEG−Cyによるものであり、Gd−DOTA−PEG−Cyを用いたMRIで肝臓の変化を高感度に可視化できることが示された。
Gd−DOTA−PEG−Cy(例10)をヌードマウスに眼窩静注し、その後、マウス体内から肝臓を摘出して凍結切片を作製し、共焦点顕微鏡にて蛍光イメージングを行った。共焦点顕微鏡による蛍光イメージングは、1)ネンブタール(30μL)をヌードマウス(8週齢、オス)に腹腔内注射して麻酔、2)生理食塩水に溶かしたGd−DOTA−PEG−Cy(5mM)を眼窩静脈より100μL投与、3)Gd−DOTA−PEG−Cy投与後30分にCO2でマウスを絶命させ、心臓から血液を抜いた後、生食を心臓から打ち込んで血液を洗い流し、肝臓を摘出、4)摘出した肝臓をPBSで3回洗浄し、凍結させて切片(10μm)を作成、5)作成した切片をスライドグラス上に載せ、カバーガラスを掛けて測定(測定条件:励起波長;670nm、蛍光波長;700−800nm)の手順で行った。結果を図13に示す。左側は透過像を示し、右側は共焦点蛍光顕微鏡像を示す。図13の右図において、肝細胞スライスからGd−DOTA−PEG−Cyに由来する近赤外蛍光が十分な強度で観察されており、肝細胞内にGd−DOTA−PEG−Cyが取り込まれていることが確認された。
Claims (6)
- 置換基を有していてもよいガドリニウム・1,4,7,10−テトラアザシクロドデカン−N,N’,N’’,N’’’−テトラ酢酸の残基又は置換基を有していてもよいガドリニウム・ジエチレントリアミンペンタ酢酸の残基と、下記の一般式(I):
- 置換基を有していてもよいガドリニウム・1,4,7,10−テトラアザシクロドデカン−N,N’,N’’,N’’’−テトラ酢酸の残基又は置換基を有していてもよいガドリニウム・ジエチレントリアミンペンタ酢酸の残基がp−チオウレイドベンジル基を有するガドリニウム・1,4,7,10−テトラアザシクロドデカン−N,N’,N’’,N’’’−テトラ酢酸若しくはそのエステルの残基又はp−チオウレイドベンジル基を有するガドリニウム・ジエチレントリアミンペンタ酢酸若しくはそのエステルの残基である請求項1に記載の蛍光ガドリニウム錯体化合物。
- 上記一般式(I)においてR1が水素原子であり、R2、R4、R5、及びR7がメチル基であり、R3及びR6が水素原子である基、又は上記一般式(II)においてR11が水素原子であり、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16、R17、R18、及びR19が水素原子であり、R20及びR21がC1−6アルキル基であり、Z1が酸素原子であり、Y1及びY2が−C(R23)(R24)−(式中、R23及びR24はそれぞれ独立にC1−6アルキル基である)である基が共有結合した請求項1又は2に記載の蛍光ガドリニウム錯体化合物。
- 請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載の蛍光ガドリニウム錯体化合物を有効成分として含む蛍光MRIプローブ。
- 請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載の蛍光ガドリニウム錯体化合物を有効成分として含む蛍光MRI造影剤。
- 置換基を有していてもよい1,4,7,10−テトラアザシクロドデカン−N,N’,N’’,N’’’−テトラ酢酸の残基又は置換基を有していてもよいジエチレントリアミンペンタ酢酸の残基と、請求項1に記載の一般式(I)又は上記の一般式(II)で表される基とが共有結合した蛍光ガドリニウム配位子化合物。
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