WO2010100990A1 - Process for the production of nucleophilic adducts by grignard reaction, and nucleophilic addition reactant - Google Patents

Process for the production of nucleophilic adducts by grignard reaction, and nucleophilic addition reactant Download PDF

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WO2010100990A1
WO2010100990A1 PCT/JP2010/051493 JP2010051493W WO2010100990A1 WO 2010100990 A1 WO2010100990 A1 WO 2010100990A1 JP 2010051493 W JP2010051493 W JP 2010051493W WO 2010100990 A1 WO2010100990 A1 WO 2010100990A1
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nucleophilic
group
reaction
grignard
bromine
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Japanese (ja)
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一彰 石原
学 波多野
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国立大学法人名古屋大学
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    • C07D211/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D211/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulphur atoms
    • C07D211/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulphur atoms by oxygen atoms
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    • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
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    • C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a nucleophilic adduct utilizing a Grignard reaction and a nucleophilic addition reagent.
  • alkyllithium, Grignard reagents and the like are widely known as nucleophilic reagents used in nucleophilic addition reactions for adding a hydrocarbon group to a carbonyl carbon.
  • alkyllithium and Grignard reagents can be used for the carbonyl carbon of ketones.
  • There is a method of adding a hydrocarbon group is a problem that a secondary alcohol is produced as a by-product by reducing the ketone, resulting in a decrease in the yield of the desired tertiary alcohol.
  • Patent Document 1 a zinc-magnesium ate complex overcomes these existing problems and reported a method for obtaining a tertiary alcohol in a high yield by adding a hydrocarbon group to the carbonyl carbon of the ketone.
  • the present invention has been made to solve such problems, and an object thereof is to expand the range of applicable Grignard reagents. Another object is to obtain a nucleophilic adduct in a high yield. Furthermore, it is an object to suppress side reactions (for example, reactions that generate compounds other than the desired nucleophilic adduct, such as reduction reactions and aldol reactions).
  • the present inventors conducted a reaction between acetophenone and Grignard reagent isopropyl magnesium bromide in the presence of zinc chloride, trimethylsilylmethyl magnesium chloride and lithium chloride. Compared to the case of using zinc-magnesium ate complex, the formation of secondary alcohol (reduced form) and the formation of aldol adduct of acetophenone are suppressed, and tertiary alcohol can be obtained in high yield and Grignard reaction The present inventors have found that a good result can be obtained even when the halogen of the agent is not chlorine, and the present invention has been completed.
  • the method for producing a nucleophilic adduct of the present invention is a method for producing a nucleophilic adduct by adding a hydrocarbon group to the carbonyl carbon or imino carbon of a reaction substrate containing carbonyl carbon or imino carbon. Then, a nucleophilic addition reaction between the reaction substrate and the Grignard reactant having a hydrocarbon group is carried out using ZnX 1 2 (X 1 is chlorine, bromine or iodine) and (R 3 Si) n CH 3-n MgX.
  • the nucleophilic addition reagent of the present invention includes a Grignard reagent having a hydrocarbon group, ZnX 1 2 (X 1 is chlorine, bromine or iodine), (R 3 Si) n CH 3-n MgX 2 Or (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n Li (n is 1 or 2, 3 Rs may be the same or different alkyl group, alkoxy group or aryl group, and X 2 is chlorine , Bromine or iodine).
  • the applicable range of the Grignard reagent can be expanded not only to chloride but also to bromide and iodide. Moreover, a nucleophilic adduct can be obtained in a high yield as compared with a reaction using a conventional Grignard reagent. Further, side reactions (for example, when the substrate is a ketone, the production of secondary alcohol as a reductant, the production of an aldol adduct, etc.) can be suppressed.
  • the nucleophilic addition reagent of the present invention is suitable for use in a method for producing such a nucleophilic adduct.
  • the activity of the nucleophilic addition reagent is increased, and the reason is considered as follows (see the following formula). That is, ZnX 1 2 and (R 3 Si) n CH 3 ⁇ n MgX 2 react to form ZnR ′ 2 (where R ′ is a dummy group, and (R 3 Si) n CH 3 ⁇ n And is reacted with Grignard reactant RMgX (where R is a hydrocarbon group, X is chlorine, bromine or iodine) to form [RR ′ 2 Zn] ⁇ [MgX] + ( (Refer to the following formula (a)).
  • the nucleophilic group R of [RR ′ 2 Zn] ⁇ [MgX] + is activated by ⁇ -p electron donation (see the following formula (b)) and bonded to the dummy group R ′ next to zinc. Bonding of carbon and zinc Zn—C ⁇ is stabilized by d- ⁇ * electron donation (see the following formula (c)). It is considered that the nucleophilicity of the nucleophilic group R is increased by such a mechanism.
  • (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n Li is used instead of (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n MgX 2 , the reaction is considered to proceed by the same mechanism as the following formula.
  • the method for producing a nucleophilic adduct of the present invention is a method for producing a nucleophilic adduct by adding a hydrocarbon group to the carbonyl carbon or imino carbon of a reaction substrate containing carbonyl carbon or imino carbon,
  • a nucleophilic addition reaction between the reaction substrate and the Grignard reactant having a hydrocarbon group is carried out by using ZnX 1 2 (X 1 is chlorine, bromine or iodine) and (R 3 Si) n CH 3-n MgX 2 or (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n Li (n is 1 or 2, 3 R is an alkyl group which may be optionally substituted by one or more identical, an alkoxy group or an aryl group, X 2 is chlorine, In the presence of bromine or iodine).
  • examples of the reaction substrate containing a carbonyl carbon include aldehydes, ketones, esters, ketoesters, amides, etc. Among these, ketones and esters are preferred.
  • a ketone or ester is used as a reaction substrate, a tertiary alcohol useful as a synthetic intermediate for pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals, a photoresist raw material, or the like can be produced.
  • the ketone is not particularly limited.
  • a ketone having two aromatic hydrocarbons bonded to a carbonyl carbon such as benzophenone; an aliphatic hydrocarbon (such as acetophenone, propiophenone, and acetonaphthone, (Including perfluoroalkyl groups) and aromatic hydrocarbons; carbonyl carbon is alicyclic carbonized such as cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, 1- or 2-indanone, 1- or 2-tetralone, adamantanone, etc.
  • the reaction substrate containing imino carbon examples include aldimine and ketimine. Among these, aldimine is preferable. Although it does not specifically limit as aldimine, For example, what is obtained by reaction of an aromatic aldehyde and primary amines (an aliphatic amine, aromatic amine, etc.) is mentioned.
  • examples of the hydrocarbon group of the Grignard reagent include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkenyl group, an alkynyl group, and an aryl group.
  • examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, and a sec-butyl group.
  • Examples of the cycloalkyl group include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group.
  • Examples of the alkenyl group include vinyl group, allyl group, isopropenyl group, 1-butenyl group, 2-butenyl group, 3-butenyl group, 2-methyl-1-butenyl group, 3-methyl-1-butenyl group, styryl. Groups and the like.
  • Examples of the cycloalkenyl group include 2-cyclopenten-1-yl, 3-cyclopenten-1-yl, 2-cyclohexen-1-yl, 3-cyclohexen-1-yl and the like.
  • alkynyl group examples include ethynyl group and 2-propynyl group.
  • aryl group examples include a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a 4-fluorophenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a phenanthryl group, and a pyrenyl group.
  • ZnX 1 2 is preferably such that X 1 is chlorine, bromine or iodine, and among these, X 1 is chlorine.
  • the amount of ZnX 1 2 used is preferably 1 to 20 mol% and more preferably 5 to 15 mol% with respect to the reaction substrate containing carbonyl carbon or imino carbon.
  • the method for producing a nucleophilic adduct according to the present invention comprises (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n MgX 2 or (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n Li (n is 1 or 2, and three Rs are the same. Or an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or an aryl group, which may be different from each other, and X 2 is chlorine, bromine, or iodine. Here, what was mentioned above can be used as an alkyl group.
  • alkoxy group examples include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propoxy group, an isopropoxy group, an n-butoxy group, an isobutoxy group, a sec-butoxy group, and a tert-butoxy group.
  • aryl group examples include a phenyl group, a tolyl group, and a naphthyl group.
  • the amount of (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n MgX 2 or (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n Li is preferably 0.5 to 2 times moles relative ZnX 1, 2 times moles and more preferably .
  • a nucleophilic reaction by a Grignard reagent is further performed in the presence of MX 3 (M is Li, Na, K, and X 3 is chlorine, bromine or iodine). Preferably it is done. Thereby, the production
  • MX 3 LiCl, LiBr or NaCl is preferable, and LiCl is more preferable.
  • an ether solvent is preferably used as the reaction solvent.
  • the ether solvent include diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran (THF), and a mixed solvent of these with a hydrocarbon solvent (hexane and the like).
  • the reaction temperature considers the ratio of the nucleophilic adduct that is the target product and the reduced product that is a by-product, the production rate of the nucleophilic adduct per unit time, and the like. For example, it is preferably set in the range of ⁇ 78 to 100 ° C., more preferably set in the range of ⁇ 20 to 50 ° C., and set in the range of 0 to 30 ° C. Further preferred.
  • the reaction time may be appropriately set according to the reaction substrate, reaction temperature, etc., but is usually from several minutes to several tens of hours.
  • the nucleophilic addition reaction may be performed until the reaction substrate is completely consumed. However, if the reaction substrate disappears at an extremely slow rate as the reaction proceeds, the reaction may be performed even if the reaction substrate is not completely consumed. In some cases, it is preferable to terminate the reaction and take out the reaction product.
  • a generally known isolation method may be applied to isolate the nucleophilic adduct. For example, water and an organic solvent are added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture is separated into an aqueous layer and an organic layer with a separatory funnel. The organic layer is filtered and concentrated, and then purified by a column chromatogram or the like. Nuclear adducts can be isolated.
  • the nucleophilic addition reagent of the present invention includes a Grignard reagent having a hydrocarbon group, ZnX 1 2 (X 1 is chlorine, bromine or iodine), (R 3 Si) n CH 3-n MgX 2 Or (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n Li (n is 1 or 2, 3 Rs may be the same or different alkyl group, alkoxy group or aryl group, and X 2 is chlorine , Bromine or iodine).
  • a hydrocarbon group or a ZnX 1 2 Grignard reagent for (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n MgX 2 or (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n Li may be used those described above .
  • the content of ZnX 1 2 is preferably 1 to 20 mol%, more preferably 5 to 15 mol% with respect to the Grignard reactant.
  • the content of (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n MgX 2 or (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n Li is preferably 0.5 to 2 mols per mol of the ZnX 1 2, more preferably 2-fold molar .
  • This nucleophilic addition reagent preferably further contains MX 3 (M is Li, Na, K, and X 3 is chlorine, bromine or iodine).
  • MX 3 can be used.
  • the MX 3 content is preferably 0.9 to 1.1 times mol of Grignard reactant.
  • This nucleophilic addition reagent is preferably dissolved in the same solvent as the reaction solvent.
  • an alkylmagnesium halide RMgX (0.5-2.0 M in THF or Et 2 O, 3.3 mmol) as a Grignard reagent is added, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 45 minutes.
  • the concentration of the Grignard reagent exceeds 1M, the Grignard reagent is diluted to 1M in the system, and when the concentration is 1M or less, it is used directly. Thereafter, the mixture is cooled to 0 ° C., and the reaction substrate (3.0 mmol) is added over 1 hour using a siricin dipump, and the mixture is further stirred for 2 hours.
  • the reaction substrate is a solid, it is dissolved in THF (about 2 mL) in advance.
  • Examples 1 to 4-1, Comparative Examples 1 to 5 In Examples 1 to 4-1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5, a Grignard reaction was carried out using the production conditions shown in Table 1 according to the general method described above to obtain Compound 1. The results are shown in Table 1. As is clear from Table 1, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in which the Grignard reaction was performed in a system in which none of ZnCl 2 , TMSCH 2 MgCl and LiCl existed, a large amount of reduced products and aldol adducts were formed, and nucleophilic adducts The yield of Compound 1 was low. In Comparative Example 3 in which LiCl was added to Comparative Example 2, the yield of Compound 1 was slightly improved, but it was not sufficient.
  • Comparative Example 4 in which ZnCl 2 was added to Comparative Example 1, since the zinc-magnesium ate complex was formed in the system, the yield of Compound 1 was improved to 85%. However, the halogen of the Grignard reagent was replaced with bromine. In Comparative Example 5, the yield of Compound 1 was only 48%. For these reasons, ZnCl 2 has the effect of greatly improving the yield of Compound 1 when the halogen of the Grignard reagent is chlorine, but such an effect is rarely seen when the halogen is bromine. all right. The results were the same as for bromine when the halogen was replaced with iodine.
  • Example 1 in which TMSCH 2 MgCl was added to Comparative Example 5, the yield of Compound 1 was greatly improved to 80% even if the halogen of the Grignard reagent was bromine.
  • Example 2 in which LiCl was further added to the system, the yield of Compound 1 was further improved to 96%.
  • Examples 3 and 4 where the halogen of the Grignard reagent was changed from bromine to chlorine or iodine, Compound 1 was obtained almost quantitatively.
  • Comparative Example 4 using the zinc-magnesium ate complex of Patent Document 1 the nucleophilic adduct was obtained in a high yield of 85%, and TMSCH 2 MgCl and LiCl were added thereto.
  • Example 3 a further yield improvement (99% yield) was observed. For this reason, when the Grignard reaction is performed in a system in which ZnCl 2 , TMSCH 2 MgCl and LiCl are present, any reaction other than the nucleophilic reaction (reduction reaction), regardless of whether the halogen of the Grignard reagent is chlorine, bromine or iodine. It was found that compound 1 was obtained in a high yield. In Example 4-1, in which TMSCH 2 MgCl of Example 2 was replaced with TMSCH 2 Li, as in Example 2, compound 1 was obtained in a high yield and reactions other than the nucleophilic reaction were suppressed. The spectral data of Compound 1 is shown below.
  • Example 5 a synthetic intermediate of cyproheptadine (a serotonin receptor antagonist and having an antihistamine action) was produced. That is, according to the general method described above, the Grignard reaction was performed under the conditions shown in the following formula, and a tertiary alcohol (compound 2), which is a synthetic intermediate of cyproheptadine, was obtained almost quantitatively. The spectral data of Compound 2 is shown below. Compound 2 could also be induced to cycloheptazine by formic acid treatment (Tetrahedron Lett., 1988, vol. 29, p5701).
  • Examples 6 to 31, Comparative Examples 6 to 31 Here, a wide variety of reaction substrates (ketones, esters, ketoesters) were used, and the yields of the corresponding tertiary alcohols were examined. That is, in Examples 6-31 and Comparative Examples 6-31, the type of reaction substrate was changed, and the Grignard reaction was performed using the conditions shown in Tables 2 and 3 according to the general method described above. A tertiary alcohol was obtained. The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.
  • Examples 6 to 31 are examples in which Grignard reaction was performed in a system in which ZnCl 2 , TMSCH 2 MgCl and LiCl were present, and Comparative Examples 6 to 31 were systems in which ZnCl 2 , TMSCH 2 MgCl and LiCl were not present. This is an example of reaction.
  • Table 2 in the examples corresponding to the comparative examples in which the reductant is produced, the production of the reductant is suppressed and the yield of the intended tertiary alcohol is improved. Moreover, in the Example corresponding to the comparative example with the production
  • Examples 22-1 and 22-2 are examples in which a Grignard reagent having an aryl group was used, and the intended tertiary alcohol was obtained in high yield in both cases.
  • the structure of the tertiary alcohol obtained in each Example was determined by spectral data such as 1 HNMR, 13 CNMR, and HRMS.
  • Examples 32-36, Comparative Examples 32-36 Here, various aldehydes, aldimines and amides were used as reaction substrates, and the yields of the corresponding nucleophilic adducts were examined. That is, in Examples 32 to 36, the Grignard reaction was carried out under the conditions shown in Table 4 according to the general method described above to obtain various nucleophilic adducts. The results are shown in Table 4. Examples 32 to 36 are examples in which Grignard reaction was performed in a system in which ZnCl 2 , TMSCH 2 MgCl and LiCl exist, and Comparative Examples 32 to 35 were systems in which ZnCl 2 , TMSCH 2 MgCl and LiCl were not present. This is an example of reaction.
  • Example 32 corresponding to Comparative Example 32 in which a reduced form (primary alcohol) is produced when an aldehyde is used as a reaction substrate, the production of a reduced form (primary alcohol) is not achieved. It was suppressed and the yield of the desired secondary alcohol was improved.
  • Example 33 corresponding to Comparative Example 33 in which the production of the reductant (primary alcohol) was zero and the secondary alcohol was obtained in a yield of 69%, the production of the reductant (primary alcohol) was The yield of secondary alcohol was significantly improved while maintaining zero.
  • Example 36 using amide as the reaction substrate, a tertiary alcohol was obtained by two-step alkylation via a ketone, as in the ester substrate of Example 27.
  • Example 37 to 40 magnesium compounds (R′MgCl) having various dummy groups R ′ were examined. That is, in Examples 37 to 40, benzophenone was used as a reaction substrate, EtMgCl was used as a Grignard reactant, and a Grignard reaction was carried out using the conditions shown in Table 5 to obtain a tertiary alcohol. The results are shown in Table 5. Table 5 also shows the results of Comparative Example 17 for reference.
  • Example 41 to 45 various metal halides were examined. That is, in Examples 41 to 43, acetophenone was used as a reaction substrate, i-PrMgBr was used as a Grignard reactant, and the Grignard reaction was performed under the conditions shown in Table 6 to obtain a tertiary alcohol. For reference, the results of Examples 1 and 2 are also shown in Table 6. On the other hand, in Examples 44 and 45, benzophenone was used as a reaction substrate, EtMgBr was used as a Grignard reactant, and the Grignard reaction was performed under the conditions shown in Table 6 to obtain a tertiary alcohol. For reference, the results of Example 17 are also shown in Table 6. As is clear from these results, even when NaCl or LiBr was used as the metal halide in addition to LiCl, the production of the reductant was suppressed and the yield of the tertiary alcohol was improved.
  • the present invention can be used mainly in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries, and can be used, for example, in producing various alcohols and amines used as raw materials for photoresists in addition to pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, and cosmetic intermediates. .

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Abstract

A process of reacting acetophenone with isopropylmagnesium bromide in the presence of zinc chloride, trimethylsilylmethyl- magnesium chloride (TMSCH2MgCl), and lithium chloride. In the process, the formation of a secondary alcohol (reduction product) or an aldol adduct of acetophenone is suppressed in comparison with a conventional process using a zinc-magnesium ate complex, whereby a tertiary alcohol can be obtained in a high yield.

Description

グリニャール反応を利用した求核付加体の製造方法及び求核付加反応剤Method for producing nucleophilic adduct using Grignard reaction and nucleophilic addition reagent
　本発明は、グリニャール反応を利用した求核付加体の製造方法及び求核付加反応剤に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for producing a nucleophilic adduct utilizing a Grignard reaction and a nucleophilic addition reagent.
　従来より、カルボニル炭素に炭化水素基を付加する求核付加反応に用いられる求核試薬としては、アルキルリチウムやグリニャール反応剤などが広く知られている。また、医農薬の合成中間体やフォトレジスト原料として有用であることが知られている第３級アルコールの一般的な合成手法としては、アルキルリチウムやグリニャール反応剤などを用いてケトンのカルボニル炭素に炭化水素基を付加する方法が挙げられるが、この方法ではケトンが還元されることにより第２級アルコールが副生して所望の第３級アルコールの収率低下を招くといった問題がある。本発明者らは亜鉛－マグネシウムアート錯体がこうした既往の問題を克服することを発見し、ケトンのカルボニル炭素に炭化水素基を付加することにより第３級アルコールを高収率で得る方法を報告している（特許文献１）。 Conventionally, alkyllithium, Grignard reagents and the like are widely known as nucleophilic reagents used in nucleophilic addition reactions for adding a hydrocarbon group to a carbonyl carbon. In addition, as a general synthesis method of tertiary alcohols that are known to be useful as synthetic intermediates for pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals and as raw materials for photoresists, alkyllithium and Grignard reagents can be used for the carbonyl carbon of ketones. There is a method of adding a hydrocarbon group. However, this method has a problem that a secondary alcohol is produced as a by-product by reducing the ketone, resulting in a decrease in the yield of the desired tertiary alcohol. The present inventors have discovered that a zinc-magnesium ate complex overcomes these existing problems and reported a method for obtaining a tertiary alcohol in a high yield by adding a hydrocarbon group to the carbonyl carbon of the ketone. (Patent Document 1).
特開２００７－２９０９７３号公報JP 2007-290973 A
　しかしながら、特許文献１では、適用できるグリニャール反応剤はほとんどが塩化物であった。このため、グリニャール反応剤の適用範囲を塩化物のみならず臭化物やヨウ化物に広げることが望まれていた。グリニャール反応剤の臭化物やヨウ化物は市販されているものが多く、調製も塩化物よりも容易な場合が多いからである。 However, in Patent Document 1, most applicable Grignard reagents were chlorides. For this reason, it has been desired to extend the application range of Grignard reagents not only to chlorides but also to bromides and iodides. This is because many Grignard reactant bromides and iodides are commercially available, and are often easier to prepare than chlorides.
　本発明はこのような課題を解決するためになされたものであり、適用できるグリニャール反応剤の範囲を広げることができるようにすることを目的の一つとする。また、求核付加体を高収率で得ることを目的の一つとする。更に、副反応（例えば還元反応やアルドール反応などの、望む求核付加体以外の化合物を生ずる反応）を抑制することを目的の一つとする。 The present invention has been made to solve such problems, and an object thereof is to expand the range of applicable Grignard reagents. Another object is to obtain a nucleophilic adduct in a high yield. Furthermore, it is an object to suppress side reactions (for example, reactions that generate compounds other than the desired nucleophilic adduct, such as reduction reactions and aldol reactions).
　上述した目的を達成するために、本発明者らは、アセトフェノンとグリニャール反応剤である臭化イソプロピルマグネシウムとの反応を、塩化亜鉛、塩化トリメチルシリルメチルマグネシウム及び塩化リチウムの存在下で行なったところ、従来の亜鉛－マグネシウムアート錯体を用いた場合と比べて、第２級アルコール（還元体）の生成やアセトフェノンのアルドール付加体の生成が抑制され第３級アルコールが高収率で得られることやグリニャール反応剤のハロゲンが塩素でなくても好結果を与えることを見いだし、本発明を完成するに至った。 In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present inventors conducted a reaction between acetophenone and Grignard reagent isopropyl magnesium bromide in the presence of zinc chloride, trimethylsilylmethyl magnesium chloride and lithium chloride. Compared to the case of using zinc-magnesium ate complex, the formation of secondary alcohol (reduced form) and the formation of aldol adduct of acetophenone are suppressed, and tertiary alcohol can be obtained in high yield and Grignard reaction The present inventors have found that a good result can be obtained even when the halogen of the agent is not chlorine, and the present invention has been completed.
　即ち、本発明の求核付加体の製造方法は、カルボニル炭素又はイミノ炭素を含む反応基質の前記カルボニル炭素又は前記イミノ炭素に炭化水素基を付加することにより求核付加体を製造する方法であって、前記反応基質と前記炭化水素基を有するグリニャール反応剤との求核付加反応を、ＺｎＸ1 2（Ｘ1は塩素、臭素又はヨウ素である）と（Ｒ3Ｓｉ）nＣＨ3-nＭｇＸ2又は（Ｒ3Ｓｉ）nＣＨ3-nＬｉ（ｎは１又は２であり、３つのＲは同じであっても異なっていてもよいアルキル基、アルコキシ基又はアリール基であり、Ｘ2は塩素、臭素又はヨウ素である）の存在下で行うものである。 That is, the method for producing a nucleophilic adduct of the present invention is a method for producing a nucleophilic adduct by adding a hydrocarbon group to the carbonyl carbon or imino carbon of a reaction substrate containing carbonyl carbon or imino carbon. Then, a nucleophilic addition reaction between the reaction substrate and the Grignard reactant having a hydrocarbon group is carried out using ZnX 1 2 (X 1 is chlorine, bromine or iodine) and (R 3 Si) n CH 3-n MgX. 2 or (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n Li (n is 1 or 2, and three R are the same or different alkyl group, alkoxy group or aryl group, and X 2 is In the presence of chlorine, bromine or iodine.
　また、本発明の求核付加反応剤は、炭化水素基を有するグリニャール試薬と、ＺｎＸ1 2（Ｘ1は塩素、臭素又はヨウ素である）と、（Ｒ3Ｓｉ）nＣＨ3-nＭｇＸ2又は（Ｒ3Ｓｉ）nＣＨ3-nＬｉ（ｎは１又は２であり、３つのＲは同じであっても異なっていてもよいアルキル基、アルコキシ基又はアリール基であり、Ｘ2は塩素、臭素又はヨウ素である）とを含むものである。 The nucleophilic addition reagent of the present invention includes a Grignard reagent having a hydrocarbon group, ZnX 1 2 (X 1 is chlorine, bromine or iodine), (R 3 Si) n CH 3-n MgX 2 Or (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n Li (n is 1 or 2, 3 Rs may be the same or different alkyl group, alkoxy group or aryl group, and X 2 is chlorine , Bromine or iodine).
　本発明の求核付加体の製造方法によれば、グリニャール反応剤の適用範囲を塩化物のみならず臭化物やヨウ化物に広げることができる。また、従来のグリニャール反応剤を利用した反応に比べて、求核付加体を高収率で得ることができる。更に、副反応（例えば基質をケトンとする場合には還元体である第２級アルコールの生成やアルドール付加体の生成など）を抑制することができる。一方、本発明の求核付加反応剤は、こうした求核付加体の製造方法に用いるのに適している。 According to the method for producing a nucleophilic adduct of the present invention, the applicable range of the Grignard reagent can be expanded not only to chloride but also to bromide and iodide. Moreover, a nucleophilic adduct can be obtained in a high yield as compared with a reaction using a conventional Grignard reagent. Further, side reactions (for example, when the substrate is a ketone, the production of secondary alcohol as a reductant, the production of an aldol adduct, etc.) can be suppressed. On the other hand, the nucleophilic addition reagent of the present invention is suitable for use in a method for producing such a nucleophilic adduct.
　本発明では、求核付加反応剤の活性が高くなっているが、その理由は以下のように考えられる（下記式参照）。すなわち、ＺｎＸ1 2と（Ｒ3Ｓｉ）nＣＨ3-nＭｇＸ2 とが反応して系内にＺｎＲ’2（但し、Ｒ’はダミー基であり、（Ｒ3Ｓｉ）nＣＨ3-n を表す）が生成し、これとグリニャール反応剤ＲＭｇＸ（但し、Ｒは炭化水素基、Ｘは塩素、臭素又はヨウ素）とが反応して［ＲＲ’2Ｚｎ］-［ＭｇＸ］+が生成する（下記式の（ａ）参照）。次に、［ＲＲ’2Ｚｎ］-［ＭｇＸ］+の求核基Ｒがσ－ｐ電子供与によって活性化され（下記式の（ｂ）参照）、亜鉛のとなりでダミー基Ｒ’に結合している炭素と亜鉛との結合Ｚｎ－Ｃαがｄ－σ*電子供与によって安定化される（下記式の（ｃ）参照）。このような機構によって、求核基Ｒの求核性が高くなったと考えられる。なお、（Ｒ3Ｓｉ）nＣＨ3-nＭｇＸ2 の代わりに（Ｒ3Ｓｉ）nＣＨ3-nＬｉを用いた場合も下記式と同様の機構で反応が進行すると考えられる。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000001
 In the present invention, the activity of the nucleophilic addition reagent is increased, and the reason is considered as follows (see the following formula). That is, ZnX 1 2 and (R 3 Si) n CH 3−n MgX 2 react to form ZnR ′ 2 (where R ′ is a dummy group, and (R 3 Si) n CH 3−n And is reacted with Grignard reactant RMgX (where R is a hydrocarbon group, X is chlorine, bromine or iodine) to form [RR ′ 2 Zn] − [MgX] + ( (Refer to the following formula (a)). Next, the nucleophilic group R of [RR ′ 2 Zn] − [MgX] + is activated by σ-p electron donation (see the following formula (b)) and bonded to the dummy group R ′ next to zinc. Bonding of carbon and zinc Zn—Cα is stabilized by d-σ * electron donation (see the following formula (c)). It is considered that the nucleophilicity of the nucleophilic group R is increased by such a mechanism. In addition, when (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n Li is used instead of (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n MgX 2 , the reaction is considered to proceed by the same mechanism as the following formula.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000001
　本発明の求核付加体の製造方法は、カルボニル炭素又はイミノ炭素を含む反応基質の前記カルボニル炭素又は前記イミノ炭素に炭化水素基を付加することにより求核付加体を製造する方法であって、前記反応基質と前記炭化水素基を有するグリニャール反応剤との求核付加反応を、ＺｎＸ1 2（Ｘ1は塩素、臭素又はヨウ素である）と（Ｒ3Ｓｉ）nＣＨ3-nＭｇＸ2又は（Ｒ3Ｓｉ）nＣＨ3-nＬｉ（ｎは１又は２であり、３つのＲは同じであっても異なっていてもよいアルキル基、アルコキシ基又はアリール基であり、Ｘ2は塩素、臭素又はヨウ素である）の存在下で行うものである。 The method for producing a nucleophilic adduct of the present invention is a method for producing a nucleophilic adduct by adding a hydrocarbon group to the carbonyl carbon or imino carbon of a reaction substrate containing carbonyl carbon or imino carbon, A nucleophilic addition reaction between the reaction substrate and the Grignard reactant having a hydrocarbon group is carried out by using ZnX 1 2 (X 1 is chlorine, bromine or iodine) and (R 3 Si) n CH 3-n MgX 2 or (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n Li (n is 1 or 2, 3 R is an alkyl group which may be optionally substituted by one or more identical, an alkoxy group or an aryl group, X 2 is chlorine, In the presence of bromine or iodine).
　本発明の求核付加体の製造方法において、カルボニル炭素を含む反応基質としては、例えばアルデヒド、ケトン、エステル、ケトエステル、アミドなどが挙げられるが、このうちケトン、エステルが好ましい。ケトンやエステルを反応基質として用いた場合には、医農薬の合成中間体やフォトレジスト原料などに有用な第３級アルコールを製造することができる。ケトンとしては、特に限定されるものではないが、例えばベンゾフェノンのようにカルボニル炭素に２つの芳香族炭化水素が結合したもの；アセトフェノンやプロピオフェノン、アセトナフトンのようにカルボニル炭素に脂肪族炭化水素（ペルフルオロアルキル基を含む）と芳香族炭化水素とが結合したもの；シクロヘキサノンやシクロペンタノン、１－又は２－インダノン、１－又は２－テトラロン、アダマンタノンなどのようにカルボニル炭素が脂環式炭化水素の環を構成するもの；メチル－２－チエニルケトンやメチル－３－チエニルケトン、メチル－２－ピリジルケトンのようにカルボニル炭素にヘテロ環と脂肪族炭化水素とが結合したもの；２，２’－ジチエニルケトンのようにカルボニル炭素にヘテロ環が結合したものなどが挙げられる。また、エステルとしては、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば安息香酸エチルのように芳香族カルボン酸エステルなどが挙げられる。一方、イミノ炭素を含む反応基質としては、例えばアルジミンやケチミンなどが挙げられるが、このうちアルジミンが好ましい。アルジミンとしては、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば芳香族アルデヒドと第１級アミン（脂肪族アミン、芳香族アミンなど）との反応によって得られるものが挙げられる。 In the method for producing a nucleophilic adduct of the present invention, examples of the reaction substrate containing a carbonyl carbon include aldehydes, ketones, esters, ketoesters, amides, etc. Among these, ketones and esters are preferred. When a ketone or ester is used as a reaction substrate, a tertiary alcohol useful as a synthetic intermediate for pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals, a photoresist raw material, or the like can be produced. The ketone is not particularly limited. For example, a ketone having two aromatic hydrocarbons bonded to a carbonyl carbon such as benzophenone; an aliphatic hydrocarbon (such as acetophenone, propiophenone, and acetonaphthone, (Including perfluoroalkyl groups) and aromatic hydrocarbons; carbonyl carbon is alicyclic carbonized such as cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, 1- or 2-indanone, 1- or 2-tetralone, adamantanone, etc. Containing hydrogen ring; Conjugation of heterocycle and aliphatic hydrocarbon to carbonyl carbon such as methyl-2-thienylketone, methyl-3-thienylketone, methyl-2-pyridylketone; 2,2 Examples include those in which a heterocycle is bonded to the carbonyl carbon, such as' -dithienyl ketone. It is. The ester is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include aromatic carboxylic acid esters such as ethyl benzoate. On the other hand, examples of the reaction substrate containing imino carbon include aldimine and ketimine. Among these, aldimine is preferable. Although it does not specifically limit as aldimine, For example, what is obtained by reaction of an aromatic aldehyde and primary amines (an aliphatic amine, aromatic amine, etc.) is mentioned.
　本発明の求核付加体の製造方法において、グリニャール反応剤の炭化水素基としては、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルケニル基、シクロアルケニル基、アルキニル基、アリール基などが挙げられる。アルキル基としては、例えばメチル基、エチル基、ｎ－プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ｎ－ブチル基、イソブチル基、ｓｅｃ－ブチル基などが挙げられる。シクロアルキル基としては、例えばシクロプロピル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロヘプチル基などが挙げられる。アルケニル基としては、例えばビニル基、アリル基、イソプロペニル基、１－ブテニル基、２－ブテニル基、３－ブテニル基、２－メチル－１－ブテニル基、３－メチル－１－ブテニル基、スチリル基などが挙げられる。シクロアルケニル基としては、例えば２－シクロペンテン－１－イル、３－シクロペンテン－１－イル、２－シクロヘキセン－１－イル、３－シクロヘキセン－１－イルなどが挙げられる。アルキニル基としては、例えばエチニル基、２－プロピニル基などが挙げられる。アリール基としては、例えばフェニル基、トリル基、４－フルオロフェニル基、ナフチル基、アントリル基、フェナントリル基、ピレニル基などが挙げられる。 In the method for producing a nucleophilic adduct of the present invention, examples of the hydrocarbon group of the Grignard reagent include an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkenyl group, an alkynyl group, and an aryl group. Examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, and a sec-butyl group. Examples of the cycloalkyl group include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group. Examples of the alkenyl group include vinyl group, allyl group, isopropenyl group, 1-butenyl group, 2-butenyl group, 3-butenyl group, 2-methyl-1-butenyl group, 3-methyl-1-butenyl group, styryl. Groups and the like. Examples of the cycloalkenyl group include 2-cyclopenten-1-yl, 3-cyclopenten-1-yl, 2-cyclohexen-1-yl, 3-cyclohexen-1-yl and the like. Examples of the alkynyl group include ethynyl group and 2-propynyl group. Examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a 4-fluorophenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a phenanthryl group, and a pyrenyl group.
　本発明の求核付加体の製造方法において、ＺｎＸ1 2は、Ｘ1が塩素、臭素又はヨウ素であり、このうちＸ1が塩素であることが好ましい。このＺｎＸ1 2の使用量は、カルボニル炭素又はイミノ炭素を含む反応基質に対して１～２０ｍｏｌ％が好ましく、５～１５ｍｏｌ％がより好ましい。 In the method for producing a nucleophilic adduct of the present invention, ZnX 1 2 is preferably such that X 1 is chlorine, bromine or iodine, and among these, X 1 is chlorine. The amount of ZnX 1 2 used is preferably 1 to 20 mol% and more preferably 5 to 15 mol% with respect to the reaction substrate containing carbonyl carbon or imino carbon.
　本発明の求核付加体の製造方法は、（Ｒ3Ｓｉ）nＣＨ3-nＭｇＸ2又は（Ｒ3Ｓｉ）nＣＨ3-nＬｉ（ｎは１又は２であり、３つのＲは同じであっても異なっていてもよいアルキル基、アルコキシ基又はアリール基であり、Ｘ2は塩素、臭素又はヨウ素である）を用いるものである。ここで、アルキル基としては、前述したものを使用可能である。アルコキシ基としては、例えばメトキシ基、エトキシ基、ｎ－プロポキシ基、イソプロポキシ基、ｎ－ブトキシ基、イソブトキシ基、ｓｅｃ－ブトキシ基、ｔｅｒｔ－ブトキシ基などが挙げられる。アリール基としては、フェニル基、トリル基、ナフチル基などが挙げられる。（Ｒ3Ｓｉ）nＣＨ3-nＭｇＸ2又は（Ｒ3Ｓｉ）nＣＨ3-nＬｉ の使用量は、ＺｎＸ1に対して０．５～２倍モルが好ましく、２倍モルがより好ましい。 The method for producing a nucleophilic adduct according to the present invention comprises (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n MgX 2 or (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n Li (n is 1 or 2, and three Rs are the same. Or an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or an aryl group, which may be different from each other, and X 2 is chlorine, bromine, or iodine. Here, what was mentioned above can be used as an alkyl group. Examples of the alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propoxy group, an isopropoxy group, an n-butoxy group, an isobutoxy group, a sec-butoxy group, and a tert-butoxy group. Examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group, a tolyl group, and a naphthyl group. The amount of (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n MgX 2 or (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n Li is preferably 0.5 to 2 times moles relative ZnX 1, 2 times moles and more preferably .
　本発明の求核付加体の製造方法では、グリニャール反応剤による求核反応を、更にＭＸ3（ＭはＬｉ、Ｎａ、Ｋであり、Ｘ3は塩素、臭素又はヨウ素である）の存在下で行うことが好ましい。これにより、副反応の生成が一層抑制され、結果として目的とする求核付加体の収率が一層高くなる。こうしたＭＸ3としては、ＬｉＣｌ，ＬｉＢｒ又はＮａＣｌが好ましく、ＬｉＣｌがより好ましい。ＬｉＣｌを用いた場合には、他の塩と一線を画した効果が得られるが、その理由は、いわゆる塩効果のほかに、グリニャール反応剤のハロゲンがＬｉＣｌの塩素原子に置き換わるハロゲン交換が起き、そのハロゲン交換後の高活性なグリニャール反応剤が求核付加反応に寄与するためと考えられる。また、ＭＸ3の使用量は、グリニャール反応剤に対して０．９～１．１倍モル使用するのが好ましい。 In the method for producing a nucleophilic adduct of the present invention, a nucleophilic reaction by a Grignard reagent is further performed in the presence of MX 3 (M is Li, Na, K, and X 3 is chlorine, bromine or iodine). Preferably it is done. Thereby, the production | generation of a side reaction is further suppressed and the yield of the target nucleophilic adduct becomes still higher as a result. As MX 3 , LiCl, LiBr or NaCl is preferable, and LiCl is more preferable. When LiCl is used, an effect that is different from that of other salts can be obtained because, in addition to the so-called salt effect, halogen exchange occurs in which the halogen of the Grignard reagent is replaced by the chlorine atom of LiCl, This is probably because the highly active Grignard reagent after the halogen exchange contributes to the nucleophilic addition reaction. Further, it is preferable that MX 3 is used in an amount of 0.9 to 1.1 times mol of Grignard reactant.
　本発明の求核付加体の製造方法において、反応溶媒はエーテル系溶媒を使用するのが好ましい。エーテル系溶媒としては、例えばジエチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン（ＴＨＦ）などのほか、これらと炭化水素系溶媒（ヘキサンなど）との混合溶媒などが挙げられる。 In the method for producing a nucleophilic adduct of the present invention, an ether solvent is preferably used as the reaction solvent. Examples of the ether solvent include diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran (THF), and a mixed solvent of these with a hydrocarbon solvent (hexane and the like).
　本発明の求核付加体の製造方法において、反応温度は目的生成物である求核付加体と副生成物である還元体との比率や単位時間当たりの求核付加体の生成率などを考慮して適宜設定すればよいが、例えば－７８～１００℃の範囲で設定するのが好ましく、－２０～５０℃の範囲で設定するのがより好ましく、０～３０℃の範囲で設定するのが更に好ましい。 In the method for producing a nucleophilic adduct of the present invention, the reaction temperature considers the ratio of the nucleophilic adduct that is the target product and the reduced product that is a by-product, the production rate of the nucleophilic adduct per unit time, and the like. For example, it is preferably set in the range of −78 to 100 ° C., more preferably set in the range of −20 to 50 ° C., and set in the range of 0 to 30 ° C. Further preferred.
　本発明の求核付加体の製造方法において、反応時間は、反応基質、反応温度などに応じて適宜設定すればよいが、通常は数分～数１０時間である。なお、求核付加反応は反応基質が完全に消費されるまで行ってもよいが、反応が進むにつれて反応基質の消失速度が極端に遅くなる場合には反応基質が完全に消費されなくても反応を終了して反応生成物を取り出した方が好ましい場合もある。 In the method for producing a nucleophilic adduct of the present invention, the reaction time may be appropriately set according to the reaction substrate, reaction temperature, etc., but is usually from several minutes to several tens of hours. The nucleophilic addition reaction may be performed until the reaction substrate is completely consumed. However, if the reaction substrate disappears at an extremely slow rate as the reaction proceeds, the reaction may be performed even if the reaction substrate is not completely consumed. In some cases, it is preferable to terminate the reaction and take out the reaction product.
　本発明の求核付加体の製造方法において、求核付加体を単離するには、通常知られている単離手法を適用すればよい。例えば、反応混合物に水と有機溶媒とを加えて分液ロートで水層と有機層に分液し、有機層をろ過及び濃縮した後、カラムクロマトグラムなどで精製することにより、目的とする求核付加体を単離することができる。 In the method for producing a nucleophilic adduct of the present invention, a generally known isolation method may be applied to isolate the nucleophilic adduct. For example, water and an organic solvent are added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture is separated into an aqueous layer and an organic layer with a separatory funnel. The organic layer is filtered and concentrated, and then purified by a column chromatogram or the like. Nuclear adducts can be isolated.
　また、本発明の求核付加反応剤は、炭化水素基を有するグリニャール試薬と、ＺｎＸ1 2（Ｘ1は塩素、臭素又はヨウ素である）と、（Ｒ3Ｓｉ）nＣＨ3-nＭｇＸ2又は（Ｒ3Ｓｉ）nＣＨ3-nＬｉ（ｎは１又は２であり、３つのＲは同じであっても異なっていてもよいアルキル基、アルコキシ基又はアリール基であり、Ｘ2は塩素、臭素又はヨウ素である）とを含むものである。 The nucleophilic addition reagent of the present invention includes a Grignard reagent having a hydrocarbon group, ZnX 1 2 (X 1 is chlorine, bromine or iodine), (R 3 Si) n CH 3-n MgX 2 Or (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n Li (n is 1 or 2, 3 Rs may be the same or different alkyl group, alkoxy group or aryl group, and X 2 is chlorine , Bromine or iodine).
　ここで、グリニャール反応剤の炭化水素基やＺｎＸ1 2 、（Ｒ3Ｓｉ）nＣＨ3-nＭｇＸ2又は（Ｒ3Ｓｉ）nＣＨ3-nＬｉ については、上述したものを使用可能である。また、ＺｎＸ1 2の含有量はグリニャール反応剤に対して１～２０ｍｏｌ％が好ましく、５～１５ｍｏｌ％がより好ましい。（Ｒ3Ｓｉ）nＣＨ3-nＭｇＸ2又は（Ｒ3Ｓｉ）nＣＨ3-nＬｉ の含有量はＺｎＸ1 2に対して０．５～２倍モルが好ましく、２倍モルがより好ましい。この求核付加反応剤は、更にＭＸ3（ＭはＬｉ、Ｎａ、Ｋであり、Ｘ3は塩素、臭素又はヨウ素である）を含んでいることが好ましい。ここで、ＭＸ3については、上述したものを使用可能である。また、ＭＸ3の含有量はグリニャール反応剤に対して０．９～１．１倍モルが好ましい。この求核付加反応剤は、反応溶媒と同じ溶媒に溶解されていることが好ましい。 Here, a hydrocarbon group or a ZnX 1 2 Grignard reagent, for (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n MgX 2 or (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n Li may be used those described above . Further, the content of ZnX 1 2 is preferably 1 to 20 mol%, more preferably 5 to 15 mol% with respect to the Grignard reactant. The content of (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n MgX 2 or (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n Li is preferably 0.5 to 2 mols per mol of the ZnX 1 2, more preferably 2-fold molar . This nucleophilic addition reagent preferably further contains MX 3 (M is Li, Na, K, and X 3 is chlorine, bromine or iodine). Here, the above-described MX 3 can be used. Further, the MX 3 content is preferably 0.9 to 1.1 times mol of Grignard reactant. This nucleophilic addition reagent is preferably dissolved in the same solvent as the reaction solvent.
［一般的手法］
　本発明の求核付加体の製造方法の一般的手法を以下に示す。窒素置換したシュレンク反応容器に、ＺｎＣｌ2 （４０．８ｍｇ，０．３０ｍｍｏｌ）を加えて、減圧下（＜５ｍｍＨｇ）でヒートガンにより溶融乾燥する。次いでＬｉＣｌ（１３９．９ｍｇ，３．３ｍｍｏｌ）を加え、再び減圧下（＜５Ｔｏｒｒ）でヒートガンにより溶融乾燥する。次いでＭｅ3ＳｉＣＨ2ＭｇＣｌ（１Ｍ　ｉｎ　Ｅｔ2Ｏ，０．６０ｍＬ，０．６０ｍｍｏｌ）を加えて室温で１５分撹拌する。Ｍｅ3ＳｉＣＨ2－はＴＭＳＣＨ2またはＴＭＳＭと略す。さらにグリニャール反応剤であるハロゲン化アルキルマグネシウムＲＭｇＸ（０．５－２．０Ｍ　ｉｎ　ＴＨＦ　ｏｒ　Ｅｔ2Ｏ，３．３ｍｍｏｌ）を加えて、室温で４５分攪拌する。なお、グリニャール反応剤の濃度が１Ｍを超える場合には、そのグリニャール反応剤を系内で１Ｍになるように希釈し、濃度が１Ｍ以下の場合には、直接使用する。その後、混合液を０℃に冷却し、反応基質（３．０ｍｍｏｌ）をシリシンジポンプを用いて１時間掛けて加え、さらに２時間撹拌する。なお、反応基質が固体の場合、前もってＴＨＦ（約２ｍＬ）に溶かしておく。反応終了をＴＬＣで確認し、飽和塩化アンモニウム水溶液（１０ｍＬ）を加えて反応を停止する。酢酸エチルで抽出し（１０ｍＬ×３）、抽出した有機層を飽和塩化ナトリウム水溶液（１０ｍＬ）で洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥後、ろ過、減圧濃縮する。シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー（展開＝ヘキサン／酢酸エチル）にて生成物を分取・精製し、求核付加体を得る。 [General method]
A general method for the production method of the nucleophilic adduct of the present invention is shown below. ZnCl 2 (40.8 mg, 0.30 mmol) is added to a Schlenk reaction vessel purged with nitrogen, and melt-dried with a heat gun under reduced pressure (<5 mmHg). LiCl (139.9 mg, 3.3 mmol) is then added and again melt dried with a heat gun under reduced pressure (<5 Torr). Then Me 3 SiCH 2 MgCl (1M in Et 2 O, 0.60 mL, 0.60 mmol) is added and stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes. Me 3 SiCH 2 — is abbreviated as TMSCH 2 or TMSM. Further, an alkylmagnesium halide RMgX (0.5-2.0 M in THF or Et 2 O, 3.3 mmol) as a Grignard reagent is added, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 45 minutes. When the concentration of the Grignard reagent exceeds 1M, the Grignard reagent is diluted to 1M in the system, and when the concentration is 1M or less, it is used directly. Thereafter, the mixture is cooled to 0 ° C., and the reaction substrate (3.0 mmol) is added over 1 hour using a siricin dipump, and the mixture is further stirred for 2 hours. In addition, when the reaction substrate is a solid, it is dissolved in THF (about 2 mL) in advance. The completion of the reaction is confirmed by TLC, and the reaction is stopped by adding a saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution (10 mL). Extract with ethyl acetate (10 mL × 3), wash the extracted organic layer with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (10 mL), dry over magnesium sulfate, filter and concentrate under reduced pressure. The product is fractionated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (development = hexane / ethyl acetate) to obtain a nucleophilic adduct.
［実施例１～４－１，比較例１～５］
　実施例１～４－１，比較例１～５では、上述した一般的手法に準じて、表１に示す製造条件を採用してグリニャール反応を行ない、化合物１を得た。その結果を表１に示す。表１から明らかなように、ＺｎＣｌ2、ＴＭＳＣＨ2ＭｇＣｌ及びＬｉＣｌのいずれも存在しない系でグリニャール反応を行なった比較例１，２では、還元体やアルドール付加体が多く生成し、求核付加体である化合物１の収率は低かった。また、比較例２にＬｉＣｌを添加した比較例３では、化合物１の収率が若干向上したが、十分とはいえなかった。一方、比較例１にＺｎＣｌ2を添加した比較例４では、亜鉛－マグネシウムアート錯体が系内で生成するため化合物１の収率は８５％に向上したが、グリニャール反応剤のハロゲンを臭素に代えた比較例５では、化合物１の収率は４８％にとどまった。こうしたことから、ＺｎＣｌ2は、グリニャール反応剤のハロゲンが塩素の場合には化合物１の収率を大幅に向上させる効果があるが、ハロゲンが臭素の場合にはそうした効果はあまりみられないことがわかった。なお、ハロゲンをヨウ素に代えた場合も臭素と同様の結果であった。 [Examples 1 to 4-1, Comparative Examples 1 to 5]
In Examples 1 to 4-1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5, a Grignard reaction was carried out using the production conditions shown in Table 1 according to the general method described above to obtain Compound 1. The results are shown in Table 1. As is clear from Table 1, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in which the Grignard reaction was performed in a system in which none of ZnCl 2 , TMSCH 2 MgCl and LiCl existed, a large amount of reduced products and aldol adducts were formed, and nucleophilic adducts The yield of Compound 1 was low. In Comparative Example 3 in which LiCl was added to Comparative Example 2, the yield of Compound 1 was slightly improved, but it was not sufficient. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 4 in which ZnCl 2 was added to Comparative Example 1, since the zinc-magnesium ate complex was formed in the system, the yield of Compound 1 was improved to 85%. However, the halogen of the Grignard reagent was replaced with bromine. In Comparative Example 5, the yield of Compound 1 was only 48%. For these reasons, ZnCl 2 has the effect of greatly improving the yield of Compound 1 when the halogen of the Grignard reagent is chlorine, but such an effect is rarely seen when the halogen is bromine. all right. The results were the same as for bromine when the halogen was replaced with iodine.
　これに対して、比較例５にＴＭＳＣＨ2ＭｇＣｌを添加した実施例１では、グリニャール反応剤のハロゲンが臭素であっても化合物１の収率は８０％と大幅に向上し、この実施例１の系に更にＬｉＣｌを添加した実施例２では、化合物１の収率は９６％と更に向上した。また、グリニャール反応剤のハロゲンを臭素から塩素やヨウ素に代えた実施例３，４では、化合物１がほぼ定量的に得られた。更に、特許文献１の亜鉛－マグネシウムアート錯体を用いた比較例４では、求核付加体が収率８５％という高収率で得られているが、これにＴＭＳＣＨ2ＭｇＣｌとＬｉＣｌとを添加した実施例３では、更なる収率の改善（収率９９％）が見られた。こうしたことから、ＺｎＣｌ2、ＴＭＳＣＨ2ＭｇＣｌ及びＬｉＣｌが存在する系でグリニャール反応を行なうと、グリニャール反応剤のハロゲンが塩素、臭素及びヨウ素のいずれであっても、求核反応以外の反応（還元反応やアルドール反応）が抑制され、化合物１が高収率で得られることがわかった。実施例２のＴＭＳＣＨ2ＭｇＣｌをＴＭＳＣＨ2Ｌｉに代えた実施例４－１でも、実施例２と同様、化合物１が高収率で得られると共に求核反応以外の反応が抑制された。化合物１のスペクトルデータを以下に示す。 In contrast, in Example 1 in which TMSCH 2 MgCl was added to Comparative Example 5, the yield of Compound 1 was greatly improved to 80% even if the halogen of the Grignard reagent was bromine. In Example 2 in which LiCl was further added to the system, the yield of Compound 1 was further improved to 96%. In Examples 3 and 4 where the halogen of the Grignard reagent was changed from bromine to chlorine or iodine, Compound 1 was obtained almost quantitatively. Furthermore, in Comparative Example 4 using the zinc-magnesium ate complex of Patent Document 1, the nucleophilic adduct was obtained in a high yield of 85%, and TMSCH 2 MgCl and LiCl were added thereto. In Example 3, a further yield improvement (99% yield) was observed. For this reason, when the Grignard reaction is performed in a system in which ZnCl 2 , TMSCH 2 MgCl and LiCl are present, any reaction other than the nucleophilic reaction (reduction reaction), regardless of whether the halogen of the Grignard reagent is chlorine, bromine or iodine. It was found that compound 1 was obtained in a high yield. In Example 4-1, in which TMSCH 2 MgCl of Example 2 was replaced with TMSCH 2 Li, as in Example 2, compound 1 was obtained in a high yield and reactions other than the nucleophilic reaction were suppressed. The spectral data of Compound 1 is shown below.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
化合物１：1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 0.80 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H), 0.89 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H), 1.53 (s, 3H), 1.56 (s, 1H), 2.02 (sept, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.45 (m, 5H).　13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 17.2, 17.4, 26.7, 38.6, 77.8, 125.2, 126.4, 127.8, 147.8. HRMS(FAB+) calcd for C11H15 [M-OH]+ 147.1174, found 147.1170. Compound 1: 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 0.80 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H), 0.89 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H), 1.53 (s, 3H), 1.56 (s, 1H ), 2.02 (sept, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.45 (m, 5H). 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3) δ 17.2, 17.4, 26.7, 38.6, 77.8, 125.2, 126.4, 127.8, 147.8. HRMS (FAB +) calcd for C 11 H 15 [M-OH] + 147.1174, found 147.1170.
［実施例５］
　ここでは、シプロヘプタジン（セロトニン受容体拮抗体であり抗ヒスタミン作用を有する）の合成中間体を製造した。すなわち、上述した一般的手法に準じて、下記式に示す条件を採用してグリニャール反応を行ない、シプロヘプタジンの合成中間体である第３級アルコール（化合物２）をほぼ定量的に得た。化合物２のスペクトルデータを以下に示す。なお、化合物２は、ギ酸処理（Tetrahedron Lett., 1988, vol.29, p5701）によりシクロヘプタジンに誘導することもできた。 [Example 5]
Here, a synthetic intermediate of cyproheptadine (a serotonin receptor antagonist and having an antihistamine action) was produced. That is, according to the general method described above, the Grignard reaction was performed under the conditions shown in the following formula, and a tertiary alcohol (compound 2), which is a synthetic intermediate of cyproheptadine, was obtained almost quantitatively. The spectral data of Compound 2 is shown below. Compound 2 could also be induced to cycloheptazine by formic acid treatment (Tetrahedron Lett., 1988, vol. 29, p5701).
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000003
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000003
化合物２：1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 0.76-1.06 (m, 10H), 2.38 (s, 1H), 2.52 (m, 1H), 6.95 (s, 2H), 7.26 (td, J = 7.5, 1.2 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (dd, J = 7.5, 1.5 Hz, 2H), 7.41 (td, J = 8.1, 1.5 Hz, 2H), 7.92 (dd, J = 8.1, 1.2 Hz, 2H).　13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 26.3, 26.5, 26.8, 38.3, 79.2, 124.8, 126.2, 128.3, 129.4, 131.4, 132.3, 142.2.  HRMS(FAB+) calcd for C21H21 [M-OH]+ 273.1643, found 273.1642. Compound 2: 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 0.76-1.06 (m, 10H), 2.38 (s, 1H), 2.52 (m, 1H), 6.95 (s, 2H), 7.26 (td, J = 7.5, 1.2 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (dd, J = 7.5, 1.5 Hz, 2H), 7.41 (td, J = 8.1, 1.5 Hz, 2H), 7.92 (dd, J = 8.1, 1.2 Hz, 2H). 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 26.3, 26.5, 26.8, 38.3, 79.2, 124.8, 126.2, 128.3, 129.4, 131.4, 132.3, 142.2. HRMS (FAB +) calcd for C 21 H 21 [M-OH] + 273.1643, found 273.1642.
［実施例６～３１，比較例６～３１］
　ここでは、多種多様の反応基質（ケトン、エステル、ケトエステル）を用い、それに対応する第３級アルコールの収率を検討した。すなわち、実施例６～３１，比較例６～３１では、反応基質の種類を変え、上述した一般的手法に準じて表２及び表３に示す条件を採用してグリニャール反応を行ない、各種の第３級アルコールを得た。その結果を表２及び表３に示す。実施例６～３１は、ＺｎＣｌ2、ＴＭＳＣＨ2ＭｇＣｌ及びＬｉＣｌが存在する系でグリニャール反応を行なった例であり、比較例６～３１は、ＺｎＣｌ2、ＴＭＳＣＨ2ＭｇＣｌ及びＬｉＣｌが存在しない系でグリニャール反応を行なった例である。表２から明らかなように、還元体が生成する比較例に対応する実施例では、還元体の生成が抑制され、目的とする第３級アルコールの収率が向上した。また、還元体の生成がゼロの比較例に対応する実施例では、還元体の生成はゼロのまま、目的とする第３級アルコールの収率が向上した。実施例２２－１，２２－２はアリール基を有するグリニャール反応剤を使用した例であるが、いずれも目的とする第３級アルコールが高収率で得られた。なお、各実施例で得られた第３級アルコールは、1ＨＮＭＲ、13ＣＮＭＲ、ＨＲＭＳなどのスペクトルデータにより構造を決定した。 [Examples 6 to 31, Comparative Examples 6 to 31]
Here, a wide variety of reaction substrates (ketones, esters, ketoesters) were used, and the yields of the corresponding tertiary alcohols were examined. That is, in Examples 6-31 and Comparative Examples 6-31, the type of reaction substrate was changed, and the Grignard reaction was performed using the conditions shown in Tables 2 and 3 according to the general method described above. A tertiary alcohol was obtained. The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3. Examples 6 to 31 are examples in which Grignard reaction was performed in a system in which ZnCl 2 , TMSCH 2 MgCl and LiCl were present, and Comparative Examples 6 to 31 were systems in which ZnCl 2 , TMSCH 2 MgCl and LiCl were not present. This is an example of reaction. As is clear from Table 2, in the examples corresponding to the comparative examples in which the reductant is produced, the production of the reductant is suppressed and the yield of the intended tertiary alcohol is improved. Moreover, in the Example corresponding to the comparative example with the production | generation of a reductant being zero, the yield of the target tertiary alcohol improved with the production | generation of a reductant being zero. Examples 22-1 and 22-2 are examples in which a Grignard reagent having an aryl group was used, and the intended tertiary alcohol was obtained in high yield in both cases. In addition, the structure of the tertiary alcohol obtained in each Example was determined by spectral data such as 1 HNMR, 13 CNMR, and HRMS.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000004
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000004
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000005
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000005
［実施例３２～３６、比較例３２～３６］
　ここでは、反応基質として種々のアルデヒド、アルジミン及びアミドを用い、それに対応する求核付加体の収率を検討した。すなわち、実施例３２～３６では、上述した一般的手法に準じて表４に示す条件を採用してグリニャール反応を行ない、各種の求核付加体を得た。その結果を表４に示す。実施例３２～３６は、ＺｎＣｌ2、ＴＭＳＣＨ2ＭｇＣｌ及びＬｉＣｌが存在する系でグリニャール反応を行なった例であり、比較例３２～３５は、ＺｎＣｌ2、ＴＭＳＣＨ2ＭｇＣｌ及びＬｉＣｌが存在しない系でグリニャール反応を行なった例である。 [Examples 32-36, Comparative Examples 32-36]
Here, various aldehydes, aldimines and amides were used as reaction substrates, and the yields of the corresponding nucleophilic adducts were examined. That is, in Examples 32 to 36, the Grignard reaction was carried out under the conditions shown in Table 4 according to the general method described above to obtain various nucleophilic adducts. The results are shown in Table 4. Examples 32 to 36 are examples in which Grignard reaction was performed in a system in which ZnCl 2 , TMSCH 2 MgCl and LiCl exist, and Comparative Examples 32 to 35 were systems in which ZnCl 2 , TMSCH 2 MgCl and LiCl were not present. This is an example of reaction.
　表４から明らかなように、反応基質としてアルデヒドを用いた場合、還元体（第１級アルコール）が生成する比較例３２に対応する実施例３２では、還元体（第１級アルコール）の生成が抑制され、目的とする第２級アルコールの収率が向上した。また、還元体（第１級アルコール）の生成がゼロで第２級アルコールが収率６９％で得られた比較例３３に対応する実施例３３では、還元体（第１級アルコール）の生成はゼロのままで第２級アルコールの収率が大幅に向上した。 As is clear from Table 4, in Example 32 corresponding to Comparative Example 32 in which a reduced form (primary alcohol) is produced when an aldehyde is used as a reaction substrate, the production of a reduced form (primary alcohol) is not achieved. It was suppressed and the yield of the desired secondary alcohol was improved. In Example 33 corresponding to Comparative Example 33 in which the production of the reductant (primary alcohol) was zero and the secondary alcohol was obtained in a yield of 69%, the production of the reductant (primary alcohol) was The yield of secondary alcohol was significantly improved while maintaining zero.
　反応基質としてアルジミンを用いた場合、実施例３４，３５では、比較例３４，３５に比べて目的とする第２級アミンの収率が向上した。 When aldimine was used as the reaction substrate, the yield of the target secondary amine was improved in Examples 34 and 35 compared to Comparative Examples 34 and 35.
　反応基質としてアミドを用いた実施例３６では、実施例２７のエステル基質と同様、ケトンを経由する２段階アルキル化により第３級アルコールが得られた。 In Example 36 using amide as the reaction substrate, a tertiary alcohol was obtained by two-step alkylation via a ketone, as in the ester substrate of Example 27.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000006
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000006
［実施例３７～４０］
　ここでは、種々のダミー基Ｒ’を持つマグネシウム化合物（Ｒ’ＭｇＣｌ）について検討した。すなわち、実施例３７～４０では、反応基質としてベンゾフェノン、グリニャール反応剤としてＥｔＭｇＣｌを用い、表５に示す条件を採用してグリニャール反応を行ない、第３級アルコールを得た。その結果を表５に示す。なお、表５には、参考までに比較例１７の結果も示した。表５から明らかなように、ダミー基Ｒ’として、Ｓｉ上の置換基がメチル基（アルキル基）、イソプロポキシ基（アルコキシ基）、フェニル基（アリール基）のいずれのものを用いた場合でも、還元体の生成が抑制され、第３級アルコールの収率が向上した。 [Examples 37 to 40]
Here, magnesium compounds (R′MgCl) having various dummy groups R ′ were examined. That is, in Examples 37 to 40, benzophenone was used as a reaction substrate, EtMgCl was used as a Grignard reactant, and a Grignard reaction was carried out using the conditions shown in Table 5 to obtain a tertiary alcohol. The results are shown in Table 5. Table 5 also shows the results of Comparative Example 17 for reference. As is apparent from Table 5, even when the substituent on Si is a methyl group (alkyl group), an isopropoxy group (alkoxy group), or a phenyl group (aryl group) as the dummy group R ′, , The production of the reductant was suppressed, and the yield of the tertiary alcohol was improved.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000007
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000007
［実施例４１～４５］
　ここでは、種々のハロゲン化金属について検討した。すなわち、実施例４１～４３では、反応基質としてアセトフェノン、グリニャール反応剤としてｉ－ＰｒＭｇＢｒを用い、表６に示す条件を採用してグリニャール反応を行ない、第３級アルコールを得た。参考までに、実施例１，２の結果も表６に示した。一方、実施例４４，４５では、反応基質としてベンゾフェノン、グリニャール反応剤としてＥｔＭｇＢｒを用い、表６に示す条件を採用してグリニャール反応を行ない、第３級アルコールを得た。参考までに、実施例１７の結果も表６に示した。これらの結果から明らかなように、ハロゲン化金属として、ＬｉＣｌ以外にＮａＣｌやＬｉＢｒを用いた場合でも、還元体の生成が抑制され、第３級アルコールの収率が向上した。 [Examples 41 to 45]
Here, various metal halides were examined. That is, in Examples 41 to 43, acetophenone was used as a reaction substrate, i-PrMgBr was used as a Grignard reactant, and the Grignard reaction was performed under the conditions shown in Table 6 to obtain a tertiary alcohol. For reference, the results of Examples 1 and 2 are also shown in Table 6. On the other hand, in Examples 44 and 45, benzophenone was used as a reaction substrate, EtMgBr was used as a Grignard reactant, and the Grignard reaction was performed under the conditions shown in Table 6 to obtain a tertiary alcohol. For reference, the results of Example 17 are also shown in Table 6. As is clear from these results, even when NaCl or LiBr was used as the metal halide in addition to LiCl, the production of the reductant was suppressed and the yield of the tertiary alcohol was improved.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000008
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000008
　本出願は、２００９年３月４日に出願された日本国特許出願第２００９－０５１０１３号を優先権主張の基礎としており、引用によりその内容の全てが本明細書に含まれる。 This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-051013 filed on Mar. 4, 2009, the priority of which is claimed, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
　本発明は、主に薬品化学産業に利用可能であり、例えば医薬品や農薬、化粧品の中間体のほかフォトレジストの原料などとして利用される種々のアルコールやアミンを製造する際に利用することができる。 The present invention can be used mainly in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries, and can be used, for example, in producing various alcohols and amines used as raw materials for photoresists in addition to pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, and cosmetic intermediates. .

Claims (8)

  1. 　カルボニル炭素又はイミノ炭素を含む反応基質の前記カルボニル炭素又は前記イミノ炭素に炭化水素基を付加することにより求核付加体を製造する方法であって、
    　前記反応基質と前記炭化水素基を有するグリニャール反応剤との求核付加反応を、ＺｎＸ1 2（Ｘ1は塩素、臭素又はヨウ素である）と（Ｒ3Ｓｉ）nＣＨ3-nＭｇＸ2又は（Ｒ3Ｓｉ）nＣＨ3-nＬｉ（ｎは１又は２であり、３つのＲは同じであっても異なっていてもよいアルキル基、アルコキシ基又はアリール基であり、Ｘ2は塩素、臭素又はヨウ素である）の存在下で行う、求核付加体の製造方法。     A method for producing a nucleophilic adduct by adding a hydrocarbon group to the carbonyl carbon or imino carbon of a reaction substrate containing carbonyl carbon or imino carbon,
    A nucleophilic addition reaction between the reaction substrate and the Grignard reactant having a hydrocarbon group is carried out by using ZnX 1 2 (X 1 is chlorine, bromine or iodine) and (R 3 Si) n CH 3-n MgX 2 or (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n Li (n is 1 or 2, 3 R is an alkyl group which may be optionally substituted by one or more identical, an alkoxy group or an aryl group, X 2 is chlorine, A method for producing a nucleophilic adduct, which is carried out in the presence of bromine or iodine.
  2. 　ＺｎＸ1 2を前記反応基質に対して１～２０ｍｏｌ％使用し、（Ｒ3Ｓｉ）nＣＨ3-nＭｇＸ2 又は（Ｒ3Ｓｉ）nＣＨ3-nＬｉをＺｎＸ1 2に対して０．５～２倍モル使用する、請求項１に記載の求核付加体の製造方法。 ZnX 1 2 is used in an amount of 1 to 20 mol% based on the reaction substrate, and (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n MgX 2 or (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n Li is added to the ZnX 1 2 in an amount of 0. The method for producing a nucleophilic adduct according to claim 1, wherein the nucleophilic adduct is used in an amount of 5 to 2 moles.
  3. 　前記求核付加反応を、更にＭＸ3（ＭはＬｉ、Ｎａ又はＫであり、Ｘ3は塩素、臭素又はヨウ素である）の存在下で行う、請求項１又は２に記載の求核付加体の製造方法。 The nucleophilic adduct according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the nucleophilic addition reaction is further performed in the presence of MX 3 (M is Li, Na, or K, and X 3 is chlorine, bromine, or iodine). Manufacturing method.
  4. 　ＭＸ3を前記グリニャール反応剤に対して０．９～１．１倍モル使用する、請求項３に記載の求核付加体の製造方法。 The method for producing a nucleophilic adduct according to claim 3 , wherein MX 3 is used in an amount of 0.9 to 1.1 times mol of the Grignard reactant.
  5. 　炭化水素基を有するグリニャール試薬と、ＺｎＸ1 2（Ｘ1は塩素、臭素又はヨウ素である）と、（Ｒ3Ｓｉ）nＣＨ3-nＭｇＸ2又は（Ｒ3Ｓｉ）nＣＨ3-nＬｉ（ｎは１又は２であり、３つのＲは同じであっても異なっていてもよいアルキル基、アルコキシ基又はアリール基であり、Ｘ2は塩素、臭素又はヨウ素である）とを含む、求核付加反応剤。 A Grignard reagent having a hydrocarbon group, ZnX 1 2 (X 1 is chlorine, bromine or iodine), (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n MgX 2 or (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n Li (N is 1 or 2, and three Rs may be the same or different alkyl group, alkoxy group or aryl group, and X 2 is chlorine, bromine or iodine). Nuclear addition reagent.
  6. 　ＺｎＸ1 2を前記グリニャール反応剤に対して１～２０ｍｏｌ％含み、（Ｒ3Ｓｉ）nＣＨ3-nＭｇＸ2 又は（Ｒ3Ｓｉ）nＣＨ3-nＬｉをＺｎＸ1に対して０．５～２倍モル含む、請求項５に記載の求核付加反応剤。 ZnX 1 2 is contained in an amount of 1 to 20 mol% based on the Grignard reactant, and (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n MgX 2 or (R 3 Si) n CH 3 -n Li is added to 0.5% of ZnX 1 . The nucleophilic addition reagent according to claim 5, comprising ˜2-fold mol.
  7. 　更にＭＸ3（ＭはＬｉ、Ｎａ又はＫであり、Ｘ3は塩素、臭素又はヨウ素である）を含む、請求項５又は６に記載の求核付加反応剤。 The nucleophilic addition reagent according to claim 5 or 6, further comprising MX 3 (M is Li, Na or K, and X 3 is chlorine, bromine or iodine).
  8. 　ＭＸ3を前記グリニャール反応剤に対して０．９～１．１倍モル含む、請求項７に記載の求核付加反応剤。 The nucleophilic addition reagent according to claim 7, comprising MX 3 in an amount of 0.9 to 1.1 mol per mol of the Grignard reagent.
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JP2012236818A (en) * 2011-04-25 2012-12-06 Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd Method for producing amine compound
WO2013041234A1 (en) 2011-09-21 2013-03-28 Creative Balloons Maschinenbau Gmbh & Co. Kg Device and method for process-optimized and cycle-optimized production of hollow bodies from a tubular blank

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