WO2010097843A1 - Fertilization method, method for production of liquid fertilizer, method for modification of irrigation water, and apparatuses for achieving the methods - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a method for producing a liquid fertilizer which is intended to be used in arid areas, has a water-retaining ability, and does not cause soil pollution by nitrogen contained therein. Also disclosed is a fertilization method. Further disclosed is a method for modifying an irrigation water, which can impart a satisfactory level of water-retaining ability to the irrigation water. A raw material comprising a material to be fermented and an irrigation water is subjected to methane fermentation treatment. For the purpose of reducing the nitrogen content in the resulting methane fermentation solution, an ammonia removal step is provided, in which ammonia is removed from the methane fermentation solution. Additionally, a fermentation solution modification treatment step is also provided, in which a water-retaining property is imparted to the fermentation solution from which ammonia has been removed. Thus, it becomes possible to produce a fertilizer which can reduce the soil pollution by nitrogen and has a water-retaining ability, and also becomes possible to achieve the modification of an irrigation water.

Description

Fertilization method, liquid fertilizer manufacturing method, irrigation water reforming method, and apparatus for performing each method

The present invention relates to a fertilization method that effectively combines irrigation water and methane fermentation, a method for producing liquid fertilizer, a method for reforming irrigation water, and an apparatus for performing each method, and is particularly suitable for use in dry areas. The present invention relates to a fertilizing method, a liquid fertilizer manufacturing method, an irrigation water reforming method, and an apparatus for performing each method.

There is known an irrigation system that uses groundwater, river water, lake water, or the like as irrigation water to irrigate soil such as farmland.
However, in dry areas (for example, some areas such as the United States and Australia), soil such as farmland dries immediately after irrigation using the irrigation system described above, or is contained in moisture for drying. The salt content was concentrated and salt damage was caused. Therefore, a large amount of water had to be used in order to prevent drying of soil such as farmland. However, irrigation water is precious in arid areas, and large amounts of water are difficult to use.

On the other hand, from the past, organic waste such as food waste, livestock manure, and sewage treatment sludge has been used as raw material (fermented material) to perform anaerobic methane fermentation treatment and recover the biogas generated at that time A technique that is used as recycled energy is known (Patent Document 1). And since the methane fermentation liquid obtained by performing the above-mentioned methane fermentation process contains a large amount of plant nutrient components in the liquid, it is reduced to soil such as farmland and its use as a fertilizer is being studied.

However, when the methane fermentation liquor is directly used as fertilizer and reduced to soil such as farmland, there are the following problems.
The fermented liquid contains a considerable amount of organic nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen, and the value of Kjeldahl nitrogen (total of organic nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen) in the fermented liquid is considerably high. When reduced to soil such as farmland as fertilizer, the organic nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen are converted into nitrate ions and nitrite ions by microorganisms in the soil, and excess nitrogen content that is not absorbed by plants among these nitrate nitrogen is added to groundwater. There was a problem of entering and polluting the groundwater (nitrogen contamination).

The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances. For example, it is possible to irrigate and fertilize farmland at once (uniformly) and to make it difficult to evaporate irrigated water. Furthermore, it is intended to prevent nitrogen contamination due to fertilization.

In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect according to the present invention includes a fermentation process for methane fermentation of a fermented material to which irrigation water is added, and a fermentation liquid supply process for supplying fermentation liquid produced in the fermentation process to farmland. The fertilization method according to claim 1 characterized by comprising:
According to this aspect, for example, irrigation and fertilization of farmland can be performed at a time, so work efficiency is good. In addition, since the water irrigated to the farmland is not a simple water state but a methane fermentation liquid, it is less likely to evaporate than a simple water state. In other words, by supplying water to the farmland in the state of methane fermentation liquid, it is possible to realize a state where the farmland is difficult to dry, thereby improving the permeability of the fertilizer into the soil and further improving the absorbability by plants. Is obtained.

A second aspect according to the present invention is characterized in that in the fertilization method according to the first aspect, an ammonia removal step is provided after the fermentation step.

The fermentation broth subjected to the methane fermentation process contains a large amount of ammonia nitrogen in which organic nitrogen contained in the material to be fermented is decomposed. According to this aspect, the ammonia nitrogen is removed in the ammonia removal process. Since it is removed, nitrogen in the fermented liquid is reduced, and the fermented liquid can be used as a fertilizer with little risk of nitrogen contamination.

A third aspect according to the present invention is characterized in that in the fertilization method according to the second aspect, part or all of the fermentation liquor after the ammonia removal step is returned to the fermentation step.

According to this aspect, part or all of the fermented liquid after the ammonia removal step is used as a part of the irrigation water added to the material to be fermented, or alternatively, the amount of irrigation water used can be saved. it can. This is especially effective in areas where irrigation water is precious, such as dry areas.

A fourth aspect according to the present invention is characterized in that in the fertilization method according to the second aspect or the third aspect, the methane fermentation step is performed at a temperature of 60 ° C. or higher.

According to this aspect, the amount of organic nitrogen decomposed into ammonia nitrogen in the methane fermentation tank by performing methane fermentation (ultra-high temperature fermentation) at 60 ° C. or higher, preferably 62 ° C., 65 ° C., or even 70 ° C. Will increase. Therefore, the amount of organic nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in the fermentation broth can be reduced by removing a large amount of ammonia generated by decomposition of organic nitrogen in the subsequent ammonia removal step, and fertilizer was applied to the farmland as fertilizer In this case, the nitrogen contamination can be prevented.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the fertilization method according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, a lactic acid bacterium is added to the fermentation broth after the methane fermentation step. And
According to this aspect, the methane fermentation broth is modified by imparting lactic acid bacteria and the water retention is improved, which is particularly effective when fertilizing the fermentation broth as a fertilizer in a dry region. Furthermore, unlike conventional irrigation water, it can be used as irrigation water having a water retention effect.

The 6th aspect which concerns on this invention was equipped with the fermenter which methane-ferments the to-be-fermented material which added the water for irrigation, and the supply apparatus which supplies the fermented liquor obtained from the said fermenter to a farmland as a fertilizer It is a fertilizer application device characterized by.
According to the present invention, the same effect as in the first aspect can be obtained.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a first step of adding irrigation water to a fermented material having a low water content, a second step of subjecting the fermented material subjected to the first step to methane fermentation, and the first step. And a third step of removing ammonia from the fermentation broth obtained in two steps. Here, the “fermented material having a low water content” means a material to be fermented that is not suitable for a fully mixed wet methane fermentation process with its own water content. Weight% or more and water content 85% or less).

According to this aspect, even if it is a fermented material having a low water content, the flowability is improved by adding irrigation water, the efficiency of the methane fermentation treatment is increased, and the fermentation solution after the methane fermentation treatment is treated with ammonia removal. By doing, liquid fertilizer in which nitrogen in the methane fermentation liquid is reduced can be produced. Therefore, when the liquid fertilizer is used, the nitrogen contamination can be prevented.
Furthermore, irrigation water can be used as irrigation water having a fertilizer effect unlike conventional irrigation water.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a first step of adding irrigation water to a fermented material having a low water content, a second step of subjecting the fermented material having undergone the first step to methane fermentation, It is a manufacturing method of liquid fertilizer characterized by having a fermentation liquid modification processing process which improves the water retention of fermentation liquid obtained by two processes.

According to this aspect, even if it is a fermented material having a low water content, the flowability is improved by adding water, the efficiency of the methane fermentation treatment is improved, and the methane fermentation solution is modified to provide water retention. Since the liquid fertilizer produced can be produced, it is particularly effective when fertilized on farmland in dry areas. On the other hand, as irrigation water, unlike conventional irrigation water, it can be used as irrigation water having a further water retention effect.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a first step of adding irrigation water to a fermented material having a low water content, a second step of subjecting the fermented material subjected to the first step to methane fermentation, and the first step. A liquid fertilizer comprising a third step of removing ammonia from the fermentation broth obtained in two steps, and an ammonia removal fermentation broth reforming step for improving the water retention of the ammonia-removed fermentation broth obtained in the third step It is a manufacturing method.

According to this aspect, in addition to the action and effect of the eighth aspect, a fertilizer is produced in which nitrogen in the methane fermentation liquid is reduced and water retention is further achieved by ammonia removal treatment of the fermentation liquid after the methane fermentation treatment. be able to.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an irrigation water addition device for adding irrigation water to a fermented material having a low water content, and a methane fermentation treatment for the fermented material to which irrigation water has been added by the irrigation water addition device. A liquid fertilizer production apparatus comprising: a methane fermenter that removes ammonia; and an ammonia removal device that removes ammonia from the fermentation broth obtained by the methane fermentation treatment.
According to this aspect, liquid fertilizer having the same effect as that of the seventh aspect can be manufactured.

An eleventh aspect according to the present invention is directed to a irrigation water first reforming step for adding irrigation water to a material to be fermented, and an irrigation water-added fermented material to which the irrigation water that has passed through the first reforming step is added. And an irrigation water second reforming step for obtaining irrigation water modified by performing a methane fermentation treatment.

According to this aspect, the irrigation water undergoes a methane fermentation treatment, so that it is modified to a property different from that of mere water (for example, the viscosity increases), and the water is less likely to evaporate. In addition, since the irrigation water contains a large amount of plant nutrient components, it can be used as irrigation water modified with water retention and fertilizer properties unlike conventional irrigation water.

According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an irrigation water first reforming step for adding irrigation water to a material to be fermented, and an irrigation water-added fermented material to which the irrigation water passed through the first reforming step is added. Irrigation water second reforming step for obtaining irrigation water modified by methane fermentation treatment, and third irrigation water reforming step for removing ammonia from the modified irrigation water obtained in the second reforming step And a method for improving irrigation water.

According to this aspect, by removing ammonia from the modified irrigation water after methane fermentation treatment, the irrigation water is reduced to nitrogen, so that when the irrigation water is irrigated to the farmland, Nitrogen contamination can be prevented.

According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an irrigation water first reforming step for adding irrigation water to a material to be fermented, and an irrigation water-added fermented material to which the irrigation water having undergone the first reforming step has been added. Irrigation water second reforming step for obtaining modified irrigation water by performing methane fermentation treatment, and modified irrigation water retention for improving the water retention of the modified irrigation water obtained in the second reforming step An irrigation water reforming method characterized by having an application step.
According to this aspect, the irrigation water is reformed into irrigation water that is resistant to drying by performing the modification imparting water retention, so that it is particularly effective for irrigation of farmland in arid regions.

According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an irrigation water first reforming step for adding irrigation water to a material to be fermented, and an irrigation water-added fermented material to which the irrigation water passed through the first reforming step is added. Irrigation water second reforming step for obtaining irrigation water modified by methane fermentation treatment, and third irrigation water reforming step for removing ammonia from the modified irrigation water obtained in the second reforming step And a method for reforming irrigation water, comprising a step of imparting water retention for modified irrigation water that improves the water retention of irrigation water from which ammonia has been removed in the third reforming step. .
According to this aspect, both the effects of the twelfth aspect and the thirteenth aspect can be obtained.

A fifteenth aspect according to the present invention is the irrigation water reforming method according to any one of the eleventh to fourteenth aspects, wherein the fermented material is a fermented material having a low water content. .
According to this aspect, even when irrigation water is added to a fermented material having a low water content, the modified irrigation water is the same as any one of the eleventh aspect to the fourteenth aspect. The effect of can be obtained.

According to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a irrigation water first reformer for adding irrigation water to a fermented material, and irrigated water-added fermented material to which the irrigation water is added by the first reformer. An irrigation water reforming apparatus comprising: an irrigation water second reforming tank that performs fermentation treatment to obtain modified irrigation water.
According to this aspect, the irrigation water can be modified to irrigation water having the effect of any one of the eleventh aspect to the fifteenth aspect.

According to a seventeenth aspect of the present invention, a fermented material methane fermentation step for methane fermentation of the fermented material, and a methane fermentation solution addition step for adding the methane fermentation solution obtained in the fermented material methane fermentation step to irrigation water, The method for reforming irrigation water is characterized by comprising:

According to this aspect, the irrigation water has increased viscosity due to the methane fermentation treatment, making it difficult for the water to evaporate, and the irrigation water contains a large amount of plant nutrient components. On the other hand, it can be used as irrigation water modified with water retention and fertilizer properties.

According to an eighteenth aspect of the present invention, a fermented material methane fermentation step for methane fermentation of the fermented material, and a methane fermentation solution ammonia removal step for removing ammonia from the methane fermentation solution obtained in the fermented material methane fermentation step. And an ammonia removal fermentation liquid addition step of adding methane fermentation liquid from which ammonia obtained in the methane fermentation liquid ammonia removal step has been removed to the irrigation water, and a method for reforming irrigation water.

According to this aspect, since ammonia is removed from the modified irrigation water after the methane fermentation treatment, the irrigation water is reduced to nitrogen, so that the irrigation water is irrigated to the farmland. However, the nitrogen contamination can be prevented.

A nineteenth aspect according to the present invention includes a fermented material methane fermentation step for methane fermentation of a fermented material, and a methane fermentation solution addition step for adding the methane fermentation solution obtained in the fermented material methane fermentation step to irrigation water. And a water retention imparting step for improving the water retention of the irrigation water added methane fermentation broth obtained in the methane fermentation broth addition step.

According to this aspect, the irrigation water is reformed into irrigation water that is resistant to drying by being provided with water retention, so that it is particularly effective for irrigation of farmland in dry areas.

A twentieth aspect according to the present invention is a fermented material methane fermentation step for methane fermentation of a fermented material, and a methane fermentation solution ammonia removal step for removing ammonia from the methane fermentation solution obtained in the fermented material methane fermentation step. A water retention step for improving the water retention of the ammonia-removed fermentation broth to the ammonia-removed fermentation broth from which the ammonia obtained in the methane fermentation broth ammonia removal step has been removed, and water retention in the water retention imparting step for irrigation water A method for reforming irrigation water, comprising the step of adding a water retention-providing ammonia-removed fermentation liquor to which the above-described ammonia-removed fermented liquor is added.
According to this aspect, the effects of both the eighteenth aspect and the nineteenth aspect can be obtained.

According to a twenty-first aspect of the present invention, a fermented material methane fermentation tank for methane fermentation of a fermented material, a methane fermentation liquid addition tank for adding methane fermentation liquid obtained in the fermented material methane fermentation tank to irrigation water, The method for reforming irrigation water is characterized by comprising:
According to this aspect, irrigation water can be reformed to irrigation water having the effect of any one of the seventeenth to twentieth aspects.

1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a first embodiment according to the present invention. The schematic block diagram of 2nd Embodiment which concerns on this invention. The schematic block diagram of the 3rd Embodiment which concerns on this invention. The schematic block diagram of the 4th embodiment which concerns on this invention. The schematic block diagram of the 5th embodiment which concerns on this invention. The figure which shows the weight reduction curve which calculated | required the temperature at the time of the weight reduction peak in the thermobalance method of A liquid (Example 1), B liquid (Example 2), and C liquid (comparative example). The figure showing the relationship between the temperature of A liquid (Example 1), B liquid (Example 2), and D liquid ((liquid which added irrigation water to beef cattle manure compost) and a viscosity. The figure showing the relationship between the temperature in the stripping tower in an ammonia stripping tower, and the exit ammonia density | concentration diffused.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Embodiments according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In addition, this invention is not limited to the following embodiment.
In each of the first to fourth aspects, the method and apparatus for producing liquid fertilizer and the irrigation water reforming method and apparatus are on the same line. The method and apparatus for producing liquid fertilizer will be described.

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a first embodiment according to the present invention.
The first embodiment according to the present invention is to fertilize or modify farmland as methane fermentation liquid 1 ′ obtained by subjecting the material to be fermented with irrigation water W added to the material to be fermented to methane fermentation to methane fermentation. A line L1 for irrigating the irrigated water, and biogas G obtained by subjecting the fermented material obtained by adding irrigated water W to the fermented material M to methane fermentation by the gas holder 11 and finally recovering the gas engine 12 and the like And a line L2 used as the energy of the.

The line L1 for irrigating the methane fermented liquor 1 ′ as irrigation water fertilized or modified to the farmland as liquid fertilizer is a step of adding irrigation water W to the fermented material M using the irrigation water adding device 20 (first step or irrigation). The methane fermentation tank 1 for fermenting the material to be fermented that has undergone the first water reforming process) with the stirring blade 2 (the second process or the second reforming process of irrigation water) and fermenting in the methane fermentation tank 1 Ammonia stripping tower which is an ammonia removal apparatus for removing the ammonia in the fermentation broth 1 ′ by bringing the methane fermentation broth 1 ′ obtained by the treatment into gas-liquid contact (third step or third irrigation water reforming step) 3. A blower 4 for sending a gas (air) to be brought into gas-liquid contact with the methane fermentation liquor 1 ′ into the ammonia diffusion tower 3, and for introducing the ammonia diffused in the ammonia diffusion tower 3 to the deodorizing device 8. Ammonia by ammonia discharge pipe 7 and the ammonia stripping column 3 is composed of a liquid fertilizer (or modified irrigation water) supply device 6 for fertilizing as liquid fertilizer to agricultural land the ammonia removed fermentation broth 3 'removed.

On the other hand, the biogas G obtained by subjecting the fermented material M, which has been subjected to the process of adding the irrigation water W to the fermented material M using the irrigation water adding apparatus 20, to methane fermentation, is used as energy for the gas engine 12 or the like. L2 removes the sulfur content in the lead-out tube 9 for deriving the biogas G generated in the methane fermenter 1 and sulfur compounds (for example, hydrogen sulfide, mercaptan, etc.) generated together with the biogas by methane fermentation. And a gas holder 11 for temporarily storing biogas in order to send biogas after desulfurization to the gas engine 12 or the like.

In addition, the biogas introduction pipe for branching the biogas outlet pipe 9 in the middle and sending the biogas G generated in the methane fermentation tank 1 to the ammonia diffusion tower 3 as a gas for gas-liquid contact in the ammonia diffusion tower 3 It is good also as a structure which provides. With such a configuration, it is not necessary to provide the blower 4 bother.

Examples of the fermented material M to be subjected to methane fermentation treatment in this embodiment include livestock waste, organic sludge, green farm waste, and the like. Examples of livestock waste include manure such as pigs, cows (milking beef cattle) and chickens, carcasses and / or processed products thereof, which are livestock. Green farm waste includes agricultural waste, food processing waste, and the like as household waste, as well as household waste. In particular, this embodiment is excellent when processing a raw material having a low water content (solids concentration: 15 to 40% by weight), such as beef cattle manure.

Also, examples of irrigation water W (irrigation water to be reformed) added to the material to be fermented M include ground water, river water, lake water, and the like. In the present invention, irrigation water W is added to the material to be fermented M using the irrigation water addition apparatus 20 and the subsequent process is performed, so that the irrigation water W itself is not just conventional irrigation water but also water retention. Modified as irrigation water and liquid fertilizer. Here, irrigation water refers to water used to draw water on land such as fields and moisten the land.

In addition, since the present invention includes a step of adding irrigation water W to the material to be fermented M, when a raw material having a low water content (solids concentration of 15 to 40% by weight) is used, the methane fermenter 1 The fluidity is increased, the raw material itself is sufficiently stirred by the stirring blade 2, and the methane fermentation treatment can be efficiently performed.

The methane fermentation tank 1 that performs the methane fermentation treatment process is constituted by a tank in which air is completely shut off in order to maintain the activity by the anaerobic methane fermentation bacteria. Fermenter 1 has a solids concentration (usually in the range of 3 to 40% by weight) and fermentation temperature (usually about 32 to 37 ° C for medium temperature fermentation, about 52 to 55 ° C for high temperature fermentation, and about 60 to 70 ° C for ultra high temperature fermentation. ) Depending on the operating conditions. For example, in the case of a raw material having a water content of 85% by weight or more in addition to a raw material having a low water content (solid concentration 15 to 40% by weight) as in the present invention, a wet type complete mixing method is used. It is preferable to use a fermenter.

In addition, it is preferable to provide the fermenter 1 with the heating means for heat retention as needed.
In the case of the above-mentioned raw material having a water content of 85% or more, a complete mixing type fermenter is used, and the ultra high temperature methane fermentation bacteria (optimum temperature 65 ° C.) has a retention time (Retention Time) of about 10 days. The retention time can be about 15 days for fermenting bacteria (optimum temperature 55 ° C.), and the residence time can be about 25 to 30 days for medium temperature methane fermentation bacteria (optimum temperature 37 ° C.).

Here, for example, a methane fermentation liquid 1 ′ obtained by subjecting irrigation water W to a methane fermentation treatment using a raw material having a water content of 85% by weight or more in addition to a raw material having a low water content (solid concentration 15 to 40% by weight) is It contains a large amount of various amino acids (including a large amount of organic nitrogen) and organic acids derived from the cells of anaerobic microorganisms and their metabolites, as well as ammonia nitrogen.

Therefore, organic nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen are contained in the methane fermentation liquid 1 '. When this methane fermentation broth 1 ′ is sprayed on the farmland as it is, the organic nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen are converted into nitrate ions and nitrite ions by microorganisms in the soil, and excess of these nitrate nitrogen that is not absorbed by plants. A problem arises in that nitrogen content enters groundwater and contaminates groundwater (nitrogen contamination). This problem of groundwater contamination is likely to occur in farmland composed of soil with a relatively high nitrogen content.

Therefore, it is preferable to reduce the total amount of nitrogen in the methane fermentation broth 1 ′ by proceeding decomposition of organic nitrogen into ammonia nitrogen and removing it as ammonia from the fermentation broth in the subsequent ammonia removal step. . Therefore, the treatment performed in the methane fermentation tank 1 is preferably a high temperature (50 to 55 ° C.) or ultra high temperature (60 to 70 ° C.) methane fermentation treatment that promotes decomposition of organic nitrogen into ammonia nitrogen. . An ultra-high temperature treatment performed at 60 ° C. or higher is most preferable. The reason is that the higher the temperature of the methane fermentation treatment, the greater the amount of organic nitrogen decomposed into ammonia nitrogen. Of course, even if it is medium temperature methane fermentation, since organic nitrogen is decomposed | disassembled into ammonia nitrogen, the process performed in the methane fermentation tank 1 may be medium temperature methane fermentation.

The methane fermentation liquid 1 ′ obtained by the methane fermentation treatment is introduced from the methane fermentation tank 1 to the ammonia removing device 3. In this embodiment, an ammonia diffusion tower 3 is provided as an ammonia removing device.

In the ammonia diffusion tower 3 used in this embodiment, a liquid (methane fermentation liquid 1 ′) is introduced from the upper part of the ammonia diffusion tower 3, and a gas (air) is introduced from the lower part from the blower 4 so that the liquid and the gas face each other. It is comprised so that it may contact. Needless to say, the ammonia diffusion tower 3 is not limited to the facing type, as long as it is configured so as to be in gas-liquid contact. For example, a spray type, a shelf type, etc. are mentioned. Note that the ammonia removal device is not limited to the ammonia diffusion tower 3, and for example, a membrane separation device or the like can be used.

The temperature in the ammonia diffusion tower 3 may be a temperature at which ammonia in the fermentation broth 1 ′ obtained by the methane fermentation treatment can be appropriately diffused, and is preferably about 35 to 80 ° C.

Ammonia diffused by gas-liquid contact in the ammonia diffusion tower 3 is introduced into the deodorizer 8 through the ammonia outlet pipe 7 and deodorized. In the deodorizing device 8, removal of ammonia and malodorous components (mercaptan, skatole, etc.) diffused together with ammonia is performed.

On the other hand, the fermented liquid 3 ′ from which ammonia has been removed by gas-liquid contact in the ammonia diffusion tower 3 is reduced in nitrogen causing groundwater contamination, and is derived from the ammonia diffusion tower 3 and supplied with liquid fertilizer (or modified irrigation water). Fertilizer (or irrigation) is applied to the farmland as liquid fertilizer (or modified irrigation water) through the device 6. Since the liquid fertilizer (fermented liquid 3 ') produced according to the present invention is a fermented liquid, it has a certain degree of viscosity (100 mPaS or more at 0 to 50 ° C.), so that it is difficult for water to evaporate.

On the other hand, the irrigation water W used in the process of adding the irrigation water W to the material to be fermented M is not the conventional mere irrigation water itself through the process of producing the liquid fertilizer (fermented liquid 3 ′) described above. It is modified as irrigation water and liquid fertilizer that makes it difficult to evaporate irrigated water, and can be used as irrigation water with new functions.

As the liquid fertilizer (or modified irrigation water) supply device 6, the nozzle diameter of the sprinkler is larger than that of the conventional one, or the liquid fertilizer is stored in the installed storage tank and then fertilized (irrigated) to the farmland. A fixed device can be used. In addition, a mobile device that applies fertilizer to farmland while moving liquid fertilizer (or modified irrigation water) in a tank or the like can also be used.

As described above, according to the present invention, for example, even if the material to be fermented has a low water content (solids concentration: 15 to 40% by weight), irrigation water is added to the material to be fermented and subjected to methane fermentation treatment. It is possible to reduce the nitrogen in the methane fermentation liquid by passing the methane fermentation liquid obtained through the ammonia removal step, and to produce liquid fertilizer free from nitrogen contamination of groundwater, and to apply the liquid fertilizer Can do.

Furthermore, from the point of view of reforming irrigation water, fertilizer and a function of making it difficult to evaporate irrigated water can be added to irrigation water.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a second embodiment of the methane fermentation system according to the present invention.
The parts different from the first embodiment will be described, and the description of the common parts will be omitted.

In this aspect, in the first embodiment, a part of the fermented liquid 3 ′ from which ammonia is removed by gas-liquid contact with the material to be fermented M with the irrigation water in the ammonia diffusion tower 3 is used as the ammonia-removed fermented liquid outlet pipe 3 ′. It is structured so that it can be added through.
This makes it possible to save valuable irrigation water in dry areas.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a third embodiment of the methane fermentation system according to the present invention.
The parts different from the first embodiment will be described, and the description of the common parts will be omitted.

In this aspect, before fertilizing (or irrigating) the ammonia-removed fermentation broth 3 ′, which has been ammonia-removed through the ammonia removal step, to the farmland using the liquid fertilizer (or modified irrigation water) supply device 6, the ammonia-removed fermentation broth This is a mode in which a fermented liquor reforming treatment process (or a process for imparting water retention for reforming irrigation) is provided in order to modify 3 ′.

In the fermented liquid reforming process, the fermented liquid is provided with water retention by the fermented liquid reforming apparatus 5.
Especially in dry areas, water retention is required for both fertilizer and irrigation water. Therefore, in this embodiment, the fertilizer (or irrigation water) supply device 6 is provided after water retention is imparted by the fermentation solution reforming treatment device 5 without fertilizing (or irrigating) the ammonia-removed fermentation broth 3 ′ as it is. It is a mode in which fertilization (or irrigation) is applied to farmland.

In the fermentation liquid reforming treatment step in this embodiment, lactic acid is added to the ammonia-removed fermentation liquid 3 ′ to improve water retention. About the quantity of lactic acid to add, it adjusts suitably according to the required water retention.
By this fermentation broth modification process, water retention is imparted to the liquid fertilizer produced in the present invention. As for irrigation water, mere irrigation water was added to the material M to be fermented and subjected to methane fermentation treatment, so that it was modified to have new functions of liquid fertilizer and water retention. Means that.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a fourth embodiment of the methane fermentation system according to the present invention.
Parts different from those of the second embodiment will be described, and description of common parts will be omitted.

This embodiment is the second embodiment, in which the ammonia-removed fermentation liquor 3 ′ from which ammonia has been removed through the ammonia removal step is fertilized (or irrigated) to farmland using the liquid fertilizer (or modified irrigation water) supply device 6. In this embodiment, a fermentation liquid reforming treatment step is provided to modify the ammonia-removed fermentation liquid 3 ′.
In the fermentation liquid reforming process, water retention is imparted by the fermentation liquid reforming apparatus 5.

In this aspect, precious irrigation water can be saved in dry areas, and water retention is imparted to the liquid fertilizer to be fertilized and the irrigation water W is modified as in the third aspect. Thus, it can be used as irrigation water having a fertilizer function called liquid fertilizer, a function of making irrigated water difficult to evaporate, and a function of water retention.

FIG. 5 shows an embodiment relating to a method and apparatus for reforming irrigation water according to the present invention.
As already explained, also in the first to fourth embodiments, the conventional irrigation water can be given a new function (function as a fertilizer and water retention) to improve the irrigation water. However, in this aspect, the methods (1) to (4) are listed as methods for reforming irrigation water by methods other than the first to fourth embodiments.

The method of (1) modifies the irrigation water W by adding the methane fermentation liquid 1 ′ derived from the methane fermentation tank 1 after being subjected to the methane fermentation treatment to the irrigation water W in the methane fermentation liquid addition tank 21. The quality irrigation water is irrigated to the farmland using the modified irrigation water supply device 6. The irrigation water modified by this method is resistant to drying because the methane fermentation liquid has affinity with the irrigation water and has a predetermined viscosity (100 mPaS or more at 0 to 50 ° C.). . Further, the methane fermentation broth contains a lot of organic nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen. This organic nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen cause nitrogen pollution in the soil, but if irrigation water modified by this method is sprayed on land where the soil itself is thin and does not have enough nitrogen, Absorbs an appropriate amount of nitrogen, and there is little risk of groundwater contamination by nitrogen.

In other words, the modified irrigation water obtained by this method is suitable as irrigation water for farmland in areas where the land is thin in dry areas and there is not enough nitrogen in the soil for plants to grow.

In the method (2), in the ammonia-removed fermentation liquid addition tank 21 ′, the methane fermentation liquid 1 ′ is brought into gas-liquid contact with the irrigation water W in the ammonia diffusion tower 3 to remove the ammonia-removed fermentation liquid 3 ′. The irrigation water W is reformed, and the reformed irrigation water is irrigated to the farmland using the modified irrigation water supply device 6. Since the irrigation water modified by this method is a fermented liquid similar to the irrigation water obtained by the method (1), it has an affinity for irrigation water and has a predetermined viscosity ( (100 mPas or more at 0 to 50 ° C.) Moisture does not easily evaporate. Further, since ammonia is removed from the ammonia removal fermentation broth 3 ′, the total nitrogen amount is reduced, and even if the irrigation water modified by this method is irrigated to the farmland, the groundwater will be contaminated with nitrogen. Absent.

That is, the modified irrigation water obtained by this method is suitable as irrigation water for farmland in areas where a certain amount of nitrogen is present in the soil as plants grow in the dry zone.

In the method (3), the ammonia-removed fermentation broth 3 ′ was treated by adding lactic acid to the irrigation water W in the fermented liquor reforming treatment device 5 (water retention step) in the modified fermented liquor addition tank 21 ″. The modified fermented liquor is added to reform the irrigation water W, and the modified irrigation water is irrigated to the farmland using the modified irrigation water supply device 6.

In other words, the irrigation water modified by this method has lactic acid added to improve the water retention capacity in the modified fermentation broth, so the area where the irrigation water modified in (1) and (2) is used. It is more suitable as irrigation water for farmland in areas where drought is more severe.

In the method (4), the irrigation water modified in (1) is subjected to a process of adding lactic acid in the fermentation liquid reforming treatment device 5 to further modify the irrigation water W, and the modified irrigation water supply device 6 is provided. It is used to irrigate farmland as irrigation water. That is, water retention is further imparted to the modified irrigation water obtained by the method (1).

Therefore, the irrigation water modified by this method is suitable as irrigation water for farmland in areas where the dryness is severe and the land is thin and the plant does not have enough nitrogen to grow.

Several different examples (4 cases) of the method for reforming irrigation water according to the present invention have been described with reference to FIG. 5. The feature of the present invention is that irrigation water that has been conventionally used only for irrigating farmland is used. It has a new function of fertilizer, a function to make irrigated water difficult to evaporate, and a function of water retention.

In addition, as shown in the methods (1) to (4), the most suitable modified irrigation water can be selected according to the soil type of the farmland and the climatic conditions of the farmland. “Irrigation water type selection function” has been added. In other words, the conventional irrigation water used only for watering the farmland regardless of the region or the type of soil, etc., according to the present invention, the irrigation water can be used according to the soil type of the farmland and the climatic conditions of the farmland. It became possible to choose.

[Example 1]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on examples.
Add about 16L of irrigation water to about 10kg of beef cattle manure (fermented material with low water content) of about 18% solids (water content 93%), using a 10L methane fermenter (high temperature methane fermentation) 65 ° C.).

Next, a part of the methane fermentation liquid (digested liquid) obtained by the methane fermentation treatment is injected into the upper part of the ammonia diffusion tower of the packed tower system in which the inside is maintained at 60 ° C., and from the lower part of the ammonia diffusion tower. A fermented liquid (liquid fertilizer) subjected to ammonia removal treatment was obtained by contacting the liquid introduced with the blower with gas and liquid (liquid A). This fermentation broth was subjected to a water retention expression test (test for determining the relationship between temperature and weight loss differential value) by a thermobalance method using a thermobalance (TG-8101D Thermoflex TAS300, manufactured by Rigaku Corporation).

[Example 2]
A modified fermentation broth (liquid fertilizer) was obtained by adding 0.2 to 0.3 g / L of the lactic acid bacteria preparation to the fermentation broth (liquid fertilizer) subjected to the ammonia removal treatment in the same manner as in Example 1 (liquid B). Thereafter, a water retention expression test (test for determining the relationship between temperature and weight loss differential value) was performed by a thermobalance method in the same manner as in Example 1.

[Comparative example]
As a comparative example, a fine rock powder-containing liquid (water content 93%) containing about 100 g of fine rock powder (added so as to be about 10 wt%) was obtained (liquid C). Similarly to Examples 1 and 2, a water retention test (test for determining the relationship between temperature and weight loss differential value) was performed by a thermobalance method.

The result measured by the thermobalance method of Example 1 (A liquid), Example 2 (B liquid), and a comparative example (C liquid) is shown in FIG.
FIG. 6 is a weight reduction curve for determining the temperature at the weight reduction peak in the thermobalance method for the liquid A, liquid B and liquid C. The vertical axis shows the weight loss differential value, and the horizontal axis shows the temperature.

When liquid C and liquid A are compared, the temperature at the time of the weight decrease peak of liquid C is about 100 ° C., and the temperature at the time of the weight decrease peak of liquid A is about 115 ° C. Therefore, it can be confirmed that the liquid A has water retention up to a higher temperature than the liquid C.

The liquid C, which is a fine rock powder-containing liquid, is weak in water retention due to the weak affinity between the fine rock powder and water, and is unable to retain moisture when the temperature approaches the boiling point of water.

On the other hand, the liquid A has an affinity between the components in the methane fermentation liquid obtained by methane fermentation and the irrigation water contained in the methane fermentation by adding irrigation water to the manure of beef cattle, which is the fermented material. Due to its high properties, water retention was significantly improved over C solution.

Furthermore, when A liquid and B liquid are compared, the temperature at the time of the weight reduction peak of B liquid is 135 degreeC, and is higher than that of A liquid. This indicates that the addition of lactic acid has the effect of increasing water retention.

The results of chemical analysis of the fertilizer components of liquid A and liquid B are 0.5 wt%, 0.3 wt%, and 0.5 wt% for the three major nutrients necessary for plants, nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium, respectively. It was confirmed that the liquid A and the liquid B can be used as fertilizers with three main components.

As described above, the present invention is a method for producing liquid fertilizer having water retention capacity, and since the liquid fertilizer can also be used as irrigation water, the conventional irrigation water is modified with water retention and fertilizer functions. It is also an invention.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the viscosity and temperature of each liquid of A, B and D (a liquid in which irrigation water is added to beef cattle manure compost and the water content is 93%). The viscosity was measured with a diaphragm type viscometer.

In a dry zone, the sun is strong during the day and the soil surface may exceed 50 ° C. Therefore, when used as irrigation water, the evaporation of moisture can be suppressed by having a predetermined viscosity. Accordingly, the present invention adds irrigation water to beef cattle urine, which is a material to be fermented, and performs methane fermentation treatment to obtain irrigation water modified by the treatment to give a predetermined viscosity, and evaporate water into the irrigation water. A new function is added to make it difficult to perform.

In the liquid A and liquid B, the viscosity is maintained at 100 mPaS or more even when the temperature of the soil surface reaches 50 ° C., rather than simply irrigating the farmland with a solution obtained by adding irrigation water to beef cattle manure compost. Can prevent drying.

As described above, in the examples, irrigation water is added to beef cattle urine to ferment methane, thereby imparting viscosity to the irrigation water and making it difficult for water to evaporate when irrigated. Further, in the methane fermentation liquid obtained by methane fermentation, the ammonia in the liquid is removed in the ammonia removal process, and the fermentation liquid from which ammonia has been removed has water retention by adding lactic acid in the fermentation liquid reforming process. And can be used as irrigation water that does not cause groundwater contamination by nitrogen.

FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the temperature in the diffusion tower in the ammonia diffusion tower and the concentration of emitted ammonia at the outlet (concentration at the outlet of the ammonia diffusion tower). According to this, it can be seen that the higher the temperature in the diffusion tower, the more ammonia is diffused.

Therefore, in farmland where nitrogen content is present in the soil to some extent, the temperature in the ammonia diffusion tower is raised to release a large amount of ammonia, and the amount of total nitrogen in the methane fermentation liquor is reduced. Since it can be irrigated, groundwater contamination by nitrogen can be prevented.

The present invention relates to a method for producing liquid fertilizer having sufficient water holding capacity and capable of preventing soil contamination by nitrogen, a method for applying the fertilizer, and a method for reforming irrigation water used in producing liquid fertilizer, and in particular, drying It can be used when fertilizing or irrigating local farmland.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Methane fermenter, 1 'methane fermentation liquid, 2 Stirring blade, 3 Ammonia stripping tower, 3' Ammonia removal fermentation liquid, 3 '' Ammonia removal fermentation liquid outlet tube, 4 Blower, 5 Fermentation liquid reformer, 6 Liquid fertilizer (Reforming irrigation water) supply device, 7 ammonia outlet pipe, 8 deodorizer, 9 biogas outlet pipe, 10 desulfurizer, 11 gas holder, 12 gas engine cogeneration, 21 methane fermentation liquid addition tank, 21 'ammonia removal fermentation Liquid addition tank, 21 "modified fermentation liquid addition tank
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-235317

Claims (21)

1. A fermentation process for methane fermentation of a material to be fermented with irrigation water added;
   And a fermented liquor supplying step for supplying the fermented liquor produced in the fermentation step to the farmland.
2. In the fertilization method of Claim 1,
   A fertilization method comprising an ammonia removal step after the fermentation step.
3. In the fertilization method of Claim 2,
   A fertilization method characterized by returning a part or all of the fermentation broth after the ammonia removal step to the fermentation step.
4. In Claim 2 or Claim 3, the said methane fermentation process is performed at the temperature of 60 degreeC or more, The fertilization method characterized by the above-mentioned.
5. In the fertilization method described in any one of Claims 1-4,
   A fertilization method characterized by adding lactic acid bacteria to a fermentation broth after a methane fermentation process.
6. A fermenter for methane fermentation of fermented material with irrigation water added;
   And a supply device that supplies the fermented liquor obtained from the fermenter to the farmland as fertilizer.
7. A first step of adding irrigation water to a low moisture content fermented material;
   A second step of subjecting the material to be fermented through the first step to methane fermentation,
   And a third step of removing ammonia from the fermentation broth obtained in the second step.
8. A first step of adding irrigation water to a low moisture content fermented material;
   A second step of subjecting the material to be fermented through the first step to methane fermentation,
   A method for producing liquid fertilizer, comprising a fermentation liquid reforming treatment step for improving water retention of the fermentation liquid obtained in the second step.
9. A first step of adding irrigation water to a low moisture content fermented material;
   A second step of subjecting the material to be fermented through the first step to methane fermentation,
   A third step of removing ammonia from the fermentation broth obtained in the second step;
   A method for producing liquid fertilizer, comprising an ammonia removal fermentation solution reforming step for improving water retention of the ammonia removal fermentation solution obtained in the third step.
10. An irrigation water addition device for adding irrigation water to a fermented material having a low water content;
    A methane fermentation tank that performs methane fermentation on the fermented material to which irrigation water has been added by the irrigation water addition device;
    An apparatus for producing liquid fertilizer, comprising: an ammonia removing apparatus that removes ammonia from a fermentation broth obtained by the methane fermentation treatment.
11. Irrigation water first reforming step of adding irrigation water to the material to be fermented,
    An irrigation water second reforming step for obtaining a modified irrigation water by subjecting the irrigation water-added fermented material to which the irrigation water has been subjected to the first reforming step to a methane fermentation treatment to a modified irrigation water. And irrigation water reforming method.
12. Irrigation water first reforming step of adding irrigation water to the material to be fermented,
    An irrigation water second reforming step for obtaining a modified irrigation water by subjecting the irrigation water-added fermented material to which the irrigation water passed through the first reforming step has been added to the methane fermentation treatment;
    An irrigation water reforming method comprising: a third irrigation water reforming step for removing ammonia from the modified irrigation water obtained in the second reforming step.
13. Irrigation water first reforming step of adding irrigation water to the material to be fermented,
    Irrigation water second reforming step of obtaining irrigation water modified by subjecting the irrigation water-added fermented material added with the irrigation water that has undergone the first reforming step to irrigation water,
    A method for reforming irrigation water, comprising: a modified irrigation water retention step for improving the water retention of the modified irrigation water obtained in the second reforming step.
14. Irrigation water first reforming step of adding irrigation water to the material to be fermented,
    An irrigation water second reforming step for obtaining a modified irrigation water by subjecting the irrigation water-added fermented material to which the irrigation water passed through the first reforming step has been added to the methane fermentation treatment;
    An irrigation water third reforming step for removing ammonia from the modified irrigation water obtained in the second reforming step;
    An irrigation water reforming method comprising a reforming irrigation water retention step for improving water retention of ammonia removal irrigation water from which ammonia obtained in the third reforming step has been removed.
15. 15. The irrigation water reforming method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the fermented material is a fermented material having a low water content.
16. An irrigation water first reformer for adding irrigation water to the material to be fermented;
    An irrigation water second re-fermentation tank that obtains modified irrigation water by subjecting the irrigation water-added fermented material to which the irrigation water has been added in the first reformer, Irrigation water reformer.
17. A fermented material methane fermentation process for fermenting the fermented material with methane,
    And a methane fermentation solution addition step of adding the methane fermentation solution obtained in the fermented material methane fermentation step to the irrigation water.
18. A fermented material methane fermentation process for fermenting the fermented material with methane,
    A methane fermentation liquid ammonia removal process for removing ammonia from the methane fermentation liquid obtained in the fermented material methane fermentation process;
    A method for adding irrigation water, comprising adding an methane fermentation broth from which ammonia obtained in the methane fermentation broth ammonia removal step is added to irrigation water.
19. A fermented material methane fermentation process for fermenting the fermented material with methane,
    A methane fermentation broth addition step of adding methane fermentation broth obtained in the methane fermentation step of the material to be fermented to irrigation water;
    And a water retention imparting step for improving the water retention of the irrigation water added methane fermentation broth obtained in the methane fermentation broth addition step.
20. A fermented material methane fermentation process for fermenting the fermented material with methane,
    A methane fermentation liquid ammonia removal process for removing ammonia from the methane fermentation liquid obtained in the fermented material methane fermentation process;
    Water retention imparting step for improving the water retention of the ammonia-removed fermentation broth to the ammonia-removed fermentation broth from which ammonia was removed in the methane fermentation broth ammonia removal step, and water retention in the irrigation water are imparted to the water retention imparting step. A method for reforming irrigation water, comprising the step of adding water retention-providing ammonia removal fermentation liquor to add the ammonia removal fermentation liquor.
21. A fermented material methane fermentation tank for methane fermentation of the fermented material;
    An apparatus for reforming irrigation water, comprising: a methane fermentation liquid addition tank for adding methane fermentation liquid obtained in the fermented material methane fermentation tank to irrigation water.

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