WO2010097285A2 - Stator with intermediate teeth - Google Patents

Stator with intermediate teeth Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2010097285A2
WO2010097285A2 PCT/EP2010/051491 EP2010051491W WO2010097285A2 WO 2010097285 A2 WO2010097285 A2 WO 2010097285A2 EP 2010051491 W EP2010051491 W EP 2010051491W WO 2010097285 A2 WO2010097285 A2 WO 2010097285A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stator
tooth
span
teeth
stator teeth
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2010/051491
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2010097285A3 (en
Inventor
Robert Chin
Original Assignee
Abb Research Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Abb Research Ltd. filed Critical Abb Research Ltd.
Priority to JP2011551453A priority Critical patent/JP2012519459A/en
Priority to CN201080007791.0A priority patent/CN102318167B/en
Priority to EP10702510A priority patent/EP2401802A2/en
Publication of WO2010097285A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010097285A2/en
Publication of WO2010097285A3 publication Critical patent/WO2010097285A3/en
Priority to US13/219,660 priority patent/US8680740B2/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/145—Stator cores with salient poles having an annular coil, e.g. of the claw-pole type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/04—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of windings, prior to mounting into machines
    • H02K15/0435—Wound windings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improving a winding factor of an electrical machine by modifying stator slots.
  • a concentrated winding topology means that each armature coil is wound around one single stator tooth in an electrical machine.
  • Such winding configuration offers a large reduction of copper material compared with distributed winding topology where the coils are wound in laps enclosing several stator teeth.
  • the coil overhang of the distributed winding topology produces unnecessary copper losses and extends the stator' s axial dimension, which reduces torque density (or power density for given speed) .
  • the concentrated winding topology thus provides the advantages of reduced total active volume and weight of the machine.
  • the use of less coil material also offers a favourable reduction in copper loss and hence a high torque density motor design can be obtained.
  • a flux linkage between rotor poles and the coils i.e. a winding factor
  • the maximum average torque output is directly proportional to the winding factor, a higher winding factor implying a higher output torque for a motor with a given frame size.
  • the distributed winding topology provides a winding factor equal to or nearly equal to the ideal value of one.
  • Concentrated winding topology typically has a lower winding factor lying within the range of 0,93-0,96.
  • an ideal winding factor can be easily achieved with a concentrated winding topology by choosing the number of stator teeth being equal to the number of rotor poles, but in practice this causes a severe cogging problem.
  • the rotor pole number is typically different from the stator teeth number. In most cases the rotor pole number is less than the stator teeth number, but in the following example, in order to better illustrate the present invention, a conventional machine is chosen to have a rotor pole number which is greater than the stator tooth number.
  • Figure 1 shows a conventional PM machine 100 with concentrated armature coils 102, a stator 104 having 18 teeth 106 and the rotor 108 having 20 poles 110 (10 pole pairs) .
  • the coils 102 are arranged in two winding periodicities 112, each winding periodicity 112 comprising three stator tooth sections 114 representing three electrical phases, and each stator tooth section 114 comprising three stator teeth 106 in a same electrical phase.
  • the stator teeth 106 are distributed along a circumference of the stator 104 with a uniform tooth span 115 i.e. a uniform angular distance between two adjacent stator teeth 106.
  • the stator teeth 106 are separated from one another by stator slots 118.
  • One object of the invention is to provide a stator for an electrical machine with an improved torque density.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide an electrical machine with an improved torque density.
  • a yet further object of the invention is to provide a method for improving the torque density of an electrical machine.
  • a stator for an electrical machine comprising a plurality of stator teeth, the stator teeth being separated from one another by stator slots, each stator tooth being surrounded by a concentrated armature coil, the armature coils representing two or more different electrical phases, the stator teeth being distributed in a non-uniform pattern along a circumference of the stator, the non-uniform pattern comprising at least one short tooth span and at least one long tooth span, the short tooth span having a smaller dimension than the long tooth span, wherein none of the stator slots between two stator teeth distanced by a short tooth span is configured to carry magnetic flux while each of the stator slots between two stator teeth distanced by a long tooth span comprises an intermediate tooth for carrying a magnetic flux.
  • stator with a non-uniform stator tooth pattern comprising short and long tooth spans, and by introducing intermediate teeth between stator teeth distanced by a long tooth span, both the winding factor and the distribution of the flux carrying material can be optimized.
  • Providing long tooth spans according to this principle results to a relatively high number of relatively narrow intermediate teeth. This increases the number of alternatives when dividing the stator into a plurality of segments.
  • each winding periodicity comprising one stator tooth section for each different electrical phase, each stator tooth section comprising one or more stator teeth with coils in the same electrical phase.
  • the stator is divided into segments such that a contact surface between two adjacent segments crosses at least one intermediate tooth. Dividing a stator into segments improves the handling of the stators as such stators can have very large dimensions leading to problems in transport and logistics. By situating the contact surfaces between adjacent segments at the intermediate teeth the magnetic properties of the stator are minimally affected. The fact that the intermediate teeth are not surrounded by any coil makes them ideal to be used for connecting the adjacent segments mechanically together.
  • the stator is divided into six, three or two segments. These are the natural number of segments following from the number of intermediate teeth in the preferred embodiments of the invention.
  • the stator is comprised in an electrical machine which further comprises a rotor having a plurality of poles, wherein the short tooth span is substantially equal to a pole span.
  • a winding factor equal to one is achieved by making the short tooth span to correspond to the pole span.
  • the poles comprise permanent magnets. Permanent magnet poles are preferred for their simplicity even if electrically excited poles may also be used.
  • the pole number is greater than the stator tooth number.
  • a method for improving a torque density of an electrical machine comprising the steps of: providing a stator comprising a plurality of stator teeth, the stator teeth being separated from one another by stator slots, each stator tooth being surrounded by a concentrated armature coil, the armature coils representing two or more different electrical phases, the stator teeth being distributed in a non-uniform pattern along a circumference of the stator, the non-uniform pattern comprising at least one short tooth span and at least one long tooth span, the short tooth span having a smaller dimension than the long tooth span; configuring the stator slots between two stator teeth distanced by a short tooth span not to carry magnetic flux; and providing each of the stator slots between two stator teeth distanced by a long tooth span with an intermediate tooth for carrying a magnetic flux.
  • figure 1 shows a conventional PM machine with a uniform tooth span
  • figure 2 shows one embodiment of the invention with intermediate teeth between stator teeth in different stator tooth sections
  • figure 3 shows one embodiment of the invention with one intermediate tooth per winding periodicity
  • figure 4 shows one winding periodicity for a conventional machine and for two embodiments of the invention
  • figure 5 shows stator stars of plots for a conventional machine and for one embodiment of the invention.
  • a PM machine 100 which comprises the same number of stator teeth 106, rotor poles 110, winding periodicities 112 and electrical phases as the machine 100 according to figure 1.
  • the stator teeth 106 are, however, not distributed with uniform distances. Instead, there is provided a long tooth span 117 between stator teeth 106 in different stator tooth sections 114, and a short tooth span 116 between the stator teeth 106 within each stator tooth section 114.
  • the short tooth span 116 is equal to a pole span 120 i.e. an angular distance between two rotor poles 110.
  • the width (in degrees) of each long tooth span 117 is l) ⁇ times the width of each pole span 120.
  • Intermediate teeth 122 are introduced between the stator teeth 106 in different stator tooth sections 114, the width of each intermediate tooth 122 corresponding to ) ⁇ of the pole span 120.
  • a PM machine 100 which again comprises the same number of stator teeth 106, rotor poles 110, winding periodicities 112 and electrical phases as the machine 100 according to figure 1.
  • a long tooth span 117 is provided between stator teeth 106 in different winding periodicities 112 while the stator teeth 106 within each winding periodicity 112 are separated by a short tooth span 116.
  • the long tooth span 117 is two times the pole span 120.
  • Intermediate teeth 122 are introduced between the stator teeth 106 in different winding periodicities 112, the width (in degrees) of each intermediate tooth 122 corresponding to the pole span 120.
  • Figure 4a shows one winding periodicity 112 for the conventional machine 100 according to figure 1 while figures 4b and 4c show the same for the machines 100 according to figures 2 and 3, respectively. It can be seen that in the machines 100 with non-uniform tooth spans 116, 117 all the stator teeth 106 within each stator tooth section 114 (see figure 4b, phase C) or winding periodicity 112 (see figure 4c) , are at a certain point of time perfectly aligned with respective rotor poles 110. Such perfect alignment enables the ideal winding factor value of one. In the conventional machine 100 the perfect alignment is never reached (see figure 4a) , and consequently the winding factor will always remain under the ideal value.
  • the winding factor can be illustrated by utilizing the orientation of phasor elements E of a voltage induced on each individual coil side within the stator slots 118.
  • the phasor elements E 7 for the designs of figures 4a and 4b are shown in the stator stars of plots 128 of figures 5a and 5b.
  • the orientations of the phasor elements E in the figures are given in electrical angles, an angular distance occupied by one pole pair corresponding to 360°.
  • a first angular distance 124 corresponding to the uniform tooth span 115 of figure 4a is 200°.
  • the phasor elements E corresponding to the coil sides of the same electrical phase in different stator slots 118 are not in the same direction, and when these phasor elements E are summed as further illustrated in figure 5a, the magnitudes of the resulting phasors E 4+ and E A _ are less than the sum of the magnitudes of individual phasor elements E 7 .
  • the phasor elements E corresponding to the coil sides of the same electrical phase in different stator slots 118 are all aligned in the same direction, and when these phasor elements E are summed, the magnitudes of the resulting phasors E 4+ and E A _ are equal to the sum of the magnitudes of individual phasor elements E .
  • the long tooth spans 117 cause the phasor elements E ⁇ in two adjacent stator tooth sections 114 to be angled by a second angular distance 126 of 60° corresponding to the width of an intermediate tooth 122.
  • the fundamental winding factor k wi can be increased from 0.945 to one by aligning all the voltage phasor elements E ⁇ in the same direction.
  • stator star of plots for the design of figure 4c is not shown, but since all the stator teeth 106 within the winding periodicity 112 are separated by a short tooth span 116, and since the width of the intermediate teeth 122 corresponds to an angular distance of 180°, such star of plots would exhibit all the phasor elements E ⁇ aligned on one horizontal line.
  • the intermediate teeth 122 provide an ideal location for a contact surface between two of such segments. Since the intermediate teeth 122 are not surrounded by any coil 102, they can efficiently be used for connecting adjacent segments mechanically together. A contact surface at an intermediate tooth 122 also has a minimal effect on magnetic properties of the stator 104 because the magnetic flux can at least partially flow through one half of an intermediate tooth 122 without crossing the contact surface.
  • a stator 104 can be divided in segments in a plurality of ways.
  • the stator 104 of figure 2 can be divided in six segments, each segment comprising one stator tooth section 114, or in three segments, each segment comprising two stator tooth sections 114, or in two segments, each segment comprising three stator tooth sections 114.
  • the number of segments may be further increased by providing additional intermediate teeth 122.
  • the segments do not need to be of equal size, and obviously any appropriate combination of different size segments may be used.
  • the stator 104 of figure 2 can be divided in four segments, one segment comprising three stator tooth sections 114, and three segments comprising one stator tooth section 114 each.
  • stator teeth 106, rotor poles 110, winding periodicities 112 and electrical phases is not limited to those presented in the above embodiments, but these can be selected freely within reasonable limits. It is also not excluded to introduce intermediate tooth-like elements between two stator teeth 106 distanced by a short tooth span 116 as far as these elements are not configured to carry magnetic flux. Such elements can be introduced e.g. for cooling purposes or for supporting the armature coils 102 mechanically .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

Abstract

A stator (104) for an electrical machine (100), the stator (104) comprising a plurality of stator teeth (106) distributed in a non-uniform pattern comprising short and long tooth spans (116, 117) along a circumference of the stator (104), wherein each stator slot (118) between two stator teeth (106) distanced by a long tooth span (117) comprises an intermediate tooth (122) for carrying a magnetic flux.

Description

Stator with intermediate teeth
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to improving a winding factor of an electrical machine by modifying stator slots.
BACKGROUND ART
Industrial applications such as pulp and paper production, plastic extrusion, conveyor belts and wind power generation are generally characterized by a low-speed and high-torque performance. Permanent magnet (PM) machines with a concentrated winding topology are an attractive alternative for these applications since they are able to provide the desired performance when being direct-driven. A gearbox can be eliminated, which in turn reduces the costs and increases the efficiency.
A concentrated winding topology means that each armature coil is wound around one single stator tooth in an electrical machine. Such winding configuration offers a large reduction of copper material compared with distributed winding topology where the coils are wound in laps enclosing several stator teeth. The coil overhang of the distributed winding topology produces unnecessary copper losses and extends the stator' s axial dimension, which reduces torque density (or power density for given speed) . The concentrated winding topology thus provides the advantages of reduced total active volume and weight of the machine. The use of less coil material also offers a favourable reduction in copper loss and hence a high torque density motor design can be obtained.
A flux linkage between rotor poles and the coils, i.e. a winding factor, is an important design aspect. The maximum average torque output is directly proportional to the winding factor, a higher winding factor implying a higher output torque for a motor with a given frame size. The distributed winding topology provides a winding factor equal to or nearly equal to the ideal value of one. Concentrated winding topology, on the other hand, typically has a lower winding factor lying within the range of 0,93-0,96. In theory, an ideal winding factor can be easily achieved with a concentrated winding topology by choosing the number of stator teeth being equal to the number of rotor poles, but in practice this causes a severe cogging problem. Therefore, the rotor pole number is typically different from the stator teeth number. In most cases the rotor pole number is less than the stator teeth number, but in the following example, in order to better illustrate the present invention, a conventional machine is chosen to have a rotor pole number which is greater than the stator tooth number.
Figure 1 shows a conventional PM machine 100 with concentrated armature coils 102, a stator 104 having 18 teeth 106 and the rotor 108 having 20 poles 110 (10 pole pairs) . The coils 102 are arranged in two winding periodicities 112, each winding periodicity 112 comprising three stator tooth sections 114 representing three electrical phases, and each stator tooth section 114 comprising three stator teeth 106 in a same electrical phase. The stator teeth 106 are distributed along a circumference of the stator 104 with a uniform tooth span 115 i.e. a uniform angular distance between two adjacent stator teeth 106. The stator teeth 106 are separated from one another by stator slots 118.
A doctoral thesis from Jϋrgen Friedrich, "Bauformen und Betriebsverhalten modularer Dauermagnetmaschinen", Universitat der Bundeswehr Mϋnchen, Neubiberg 1991, discloses on pages 28-36 PM machines with non-uniform stator tooth patterns. In some embodiments there are intermediate teeth with variable width between the stator teeth, and in other embodiments stator tooth sections in a same electrical phase are separated from one another by widened stator slots. By these measures the winding factor appears to be optimized, but at the same time the non-wound intermediate teeth and the widened stator slots appear to deteriorate the overall torque density. In all embodiments disclosed in this thesis there is only a single winding periodicity.
From the foregoing, the desire to improve the overall torque density of an electrical machine with a concentrated winding topology remains.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
One object of the invention is to provide a stator for an electrical machine with an improved torque density.
A further object of the invention is to provide an electrical machine with an improved torque density.
A yet further object of the invention is to provide a method for improving the torque density of an electrical machine.
According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a stator for an electrical machine, the stator comprising a plurality of stator teeth, the stator teeth being separated from one another by stator slots, each stator tooth being surrounded by a concentrated armature coil, the armature coils representing two or more different electrical phases, the stator teeth being distributed in a non-uniform pattern along a circumference of the stator, the non-uniform pattern comprising at least one short tooth span and at least one long tooth span, the short tooth span having a smaller dimension than the long tooth span, wherein none of the stator slots between two stator teeth distanced by a short tooth span is configured to carry magnetic flux while each of the stator slots between two stator teeth distanced by a long tooth span comprises an intermediate tooth for carrying a magnetic flux.
By providing a stator with a non-uniform stator tooth pattern comprising short and long tooth spans, and by introducing intermediate teeth between stator teeth distanced by a long tooth span, both the winding factor and the distribution of the flux carrying material can be optimized.
According to one embodiment of the invention there is a long tooth span between each pair of adjacent stator teeth with coils in different electrical phases. Providing long tooth spans according to this principle results to a relatively high number of relatively narrow intermediate teeth. This increases the number of alternatives when dividing the stator into a plurality of segments.
According to one embodiment of the invention there is one long tooth span per winding periodicity, each winding periodicity comprising one stator tooth section for each different electrical phase, each stator tooth section comprising one or more stator teeth with coils in the same electrical phase. Providing long tooth spans according to this principle results to a relatively low number of relatively wide intermediate teeth. In this case all stator teeth and all intermediate teeth are at a certain point of time perfectly aligned with the rotor poles, enabling an improved machine performance.
According to one embodiment of the invention the stator is divided into segments such that a contact surface between two adjacent segments crosses at least one intermediate tooth. Dividing a stator into segments improves the handling of the stators as such stators can have very large dimensions leading to problems in transport and logistics. By situating the contact surfaces between adjacent segments at the intermediate teeth the magnetic properties of the stator are minimally affected. The fact that the intermediate teeth are not surrounded by any coil makes them ideal to be used for connecting the adjacent segments mechanically together.
According to one embodiment of the invention the stator is divided into six, three or two segments. These are the natural number of segments following from the number of intermediate teeth in the preferred embodiments of the invention.
According to one embodiment of the invention the stator is comprised in an electrical machine which further comprises a rotor having a plurality of poles, wherein the short tooth span is substantially equal to a pole span. A winding factor equal to one is achieved by making the short tooth span to correspond to the pole span.
According to one embodiment of the invention the poles comprise permanent magnets. Permanent magnet poles are preferred for their simplicity even if electrically excited poles may also be used.
According to one embodiment of the invention the pole number is greater than the stator tooth number. By this measure room for the intermediate teeth is created by bringing the stator teeth together such that the short tooth span corresponds to the pole span
According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided a method for improving a torque density of an electrical machine, the method comprising the steps of: providing a stator comprising a plurality of stator teeth, the stator teeth being separated from one another by stator slots, each stator tooth being surrounded by a concentrated armature coil, the armature coils representing two or more different electrical phases, the stator teeth being distributed in a non-uniform pattern along a circumference of the stator, the non-uniform pattern comprising at least one short tooth span and at least one long tooth span, the short tooth span having a smaller dimension than the long tooth span; configuring the stator slots between two stator teeth distanced by a short tooth span not to carry magnetic flux; and providing each of the stator slots between two stator teeth distanced by a long tooth span with an intermediate tooth for carrying a magnetic flux.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be explained in greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein
figure 1 shows a conventional PM machine with a uniform tooth span,
figure 2 shows one embodiment of the invention with intermediate teeth between stator teeth in different stator tooth sections,
figure 3 shows one embodiment of the invention with one intermediate tooth per winding periodicity,
figure 4 shows one winding periodicity for a conventional machine and for two embodiments of the invention, and
figure 5 shows stator stars of plots for a conventional machine and for one embodiment of the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to figure 2, a PM machine 100 is shown which comprises the same number of stator teeth 106, rotor poles 110, winding periodicities 112 and electrical phases as the machine 100 according to figure 1. The stator teeth 106 are, however, not distributed with uniform distances. Instead, there is provided a long tooth span 117 between stator teeth 106 in different stator tooth sections 114, and a short tooth span 116 between the stator teeth 106 within each stator tooth section 114. The short tooth span 116 is equal to a pole span 120 i.e. an angular distance between two rotor poles 110. Following from the relation between the stator tooth number, the rotor pole number and the number of stator tooth sections 114, in the present embodiment the width (in degrees) of each long tooth span 117 is l)ζ times the width of each pole span 120. Intermediate teeth 122 are introduced between the stator teeth 106 in different stator tooth sections 114, the width of each intermediate tooth 122 corresponding to )ζ of the pole span 120.
Referring to figure 3, a PM machine 100 is shown which again comprises the same number of stator teeth 106, rotor poles 110, winding periodicities 112 and electrical phases as the machine 100 according to figure 1. This time a long tooth span 117 is provided between stator teeth 106 in different winding periodicities 112 while the stator teeth 106 within each winding periodicity 112 are separated by a short tooth span 116. Following from the relation between the stator tooth number and the rotor pole number, in the present embodiment the long tooth span 117 is two times the pole span 120. Intermediate teeth 122 are introduced between the stator teeth 106 in different winding periodicities 112, the width (in degrees) of each intermediate tooth 122 corresponding to the pole span 120.
Figure 4a shows one winding periodicity 112 for the conventional machine 100 according to figure 1 while figures 4b and 4c show the same for the machines 100 according to figures 2 and 3, respectively. It can be seen that in the machines 100 with non-uniform tooth spans 116, 117 all the stator teeth 106 within each stator tooth section 114 (see figure 4b, phase C) or winding periodicity 112 (see figure 4c) , are at a certain point of time perfectly aligned with respective rotor poles 110. Such perfect alignment enables the ideal winding factor value of one. In the conventional machine 100 the perfect alignment is never reached (see figure 4a) , and consequently the winding factor will always remain under the ideal value.
The winding factor can be illustrated by utilizing the orientation of phasor elements E of a voltage induced on each individual coil side within the stator slots 118. The phasor elements E7 for the designs of figures 4a and 4b are shown in the stator stars of plots 128 of figures 5a and 5b. As is readily understood within the art, the orientations of the phasor elements E in the figures are given in electrical angles, an angular distance occupied by one pole pair corresponding to 360°. As can be seen in figure 5a, a first angular distance 124 corresponding to the uniform tooth span 115 of figure 4a is 200°. The phasor elements E corresponding to the coil sides of the same electrical phase in different stator slots 118 are not in the same direction, and when these phasor elements E are summed as further illustrated in figure 5a, the magnitudes of the resulting phasors E4+ and EA_ are less than the sum of the magnitudes of individual phasor elements E7.
As can be seen in figure 5b, however, the first angular distance 124 corresponding to the short tooth span 116 is
180°. The phasor elements E corresponding to the coil sides of the same electrical phase in different stator slots 118 are all aligned in the same direction, and when these phasor elements E are summed, the magnitudes of the resulting phasors E4+ and EA_ are equal to the sum of the magnitudes of individual phasor elements E . The long tooth spans 117 cause the phasor elements E} in two adjacent stator tooth sections 114 to be angled by a second angular distance 126 of 60° corresponding to the width of an intermediate tooth 122. As illustrated in the figures 5a and 5b, the fundamental winding factor kwi can be increased from 0.945 to one by aligning all the voltage phasor elements E} in the same direction.
A stator star of plots for the design of figure 4c is not shown, but since all the stator teeth 106 within the winding periodicity 112 are separated by a short tooth span 116, and since the width of the intermediate teeth 122 corresponds to an angular distance of 180°, such star of plots would exhibit all the phasor elements E} aligned on one horizontal line.
When there is a desire to divide a stator 104 into segments, the intermediate teeth 122 provide an ideal location for a contact surface between two of such segments. Since the intermediate teeth 122 are not surrounded by any coil 102, they can efficiently be used for connecting adjacent segments mechanically together. A contact surface at an intermediate tooth 122 also has a minimal effect on magnetic properties of the stator 104 because the magnetic flux can at least partially flow through one half of an intermediate tooth 122 without crossing the contact surface.
Depending on the number of intermediate teeth 122, a stator 104 can be divided in segments in a plurality of ways. For example, the stator 104 of figure 2 can be divided in six segments, each segment comprising one stator tooth section 114, or in three segments, each segment comprising two stator tooth sections 114, or in two segments, each segment comprising three stator tooth sections 114. The number of segments may be further increased by providing additional intermediate teeth 122. The segments do not need to be of equal size, and obviously any appropriate combination of different size segments may be used. For example, the stator 104 of figure 2 can be divided in four segments, one segment comprising three stator tooth sections 114, and three segments comprising one stator tooth section 114 each.
The number of stator teeth 106, rotor poles 110, winding periodicities 112 and electrical phases is not limited to those presented in the above embodiments, but these can be selected freely within reasonable limits. It is also not excluded to introduce intermediate tooth-like elements between two stator teeth 106 distanced by a short tooth span 116 as far as these elements are not configured to carry magnetic flux. Such elements can be introduced e.g. for cooling purposes or for supporting the armature coils 102 mechanically .
The invention is not limited to the embodiments shown above, but a person skilled in the art may modify them in a plurality of ways within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A stator (104) for an electrical machine (100), the stator (104) comprising a plurality of stator teeth (106), the stator teeth (106) being separated from one another by stator slots (118), each stator tooth (106) being surrounded by a concentrated armature coil (102), the armature coils (102) representing two or more different electrical phases, the stator teeth (106) being distributed in a non-uniform pattern along a circumference of the stator (104), the non-uniform pattern comprising at least one short tooth span (116) and at least one long tooth span (117), the short tooth span (116) having a smaller dimension than the long tooth span (117), characterized in that none of the stator slots (118) between two stator teeth (106) distanced by a short tooth span (116) is configured to carry magnetic flux while each of the stator slots (118) between two stator teeth (106) distanced by a long tooth span (117) comprises an intermediate tooth (122) for carrying a magnetic flux.
2. A stator (104) according to claim 1, wherein there is a long tooth span (117) between each pair of adjacent stator teeth (106) with coils (102) in different electrical phases.
3. A stator (104) according to claim 1, wherein there is one long tooth span (117) per winding periodicity (112), each winding periodicity (112) comprising one stator tooth section (114) for each different electrical phase, each stator tooth section (114) comprising one or more stator teeth (106) with coils (102) in the same electrical phase.
4. A stator (104) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the stator (104) is divided into segments such that a contact surface between two adjacent segments crosses at least one intermediate tooth (122) .
5. A stator (104) according to claim 4, wherein the stator (104) is divided into six, three or two segments.
6. An electrical machine (100) comprising a stator (104) according to any of the preceding claims, the electrical machine (100) further comprising a rotor (108) having a plurality of poles (110), wherein the short tooth span (116) is substantially equal to a pole span (120) .
7. An electrical machine (100) according to claim 6, wherein the poles (110) comprise permanent magnets.
8. An electrical machine (100) according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the pole number is greater than the stator tooth number .
9. A method for improving a torque density of an electrical machine (100), the method comprising the steps of
- providing a stator (104) comprising a plurality of stator teeth (106), the stator teeth (106) being separated from one another by stator slots (118), each stator tooth (106) being surrounded by a concentrated armature coil (102), the armature coils (102) representing two or more different electrical phases, the stator teeth (106) being distributed in a nonuniform pattern along a circumference of the stator (104), the non-uniform pattern comprising at least one short tooth span (116) and at least one long tooth span (117), the short tooth span (116) having a smaller dimension than the long tooth span (117);
- configuring the stator slots (118) between two stator teeth (106) distanced by a short tooth span (116) not to carry magnetic flux; and
- providing each of the stator slots (118) between two stator teeth (106) distanced by a long tooth span (117) with an intermediate tooth (122) for carrying a magnetic flux.
PCT/EP2010/051491 2009-02-27 2010-02-08 Stator with intermediate teeth WO2010097285A2 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2011551453A JP2012519459A (en) 2009-02-27 2010-02-08 Stator permanent magnet machine winding configuration
CN201080007791.0A CN102318167B (en) 2009-02-27 2010-02-08 Stator with intermediate teeth
EP10702510A EP2401802A2 (en) 2009-02-27 2010-02-08 Stator with intermediate teeth
US13/219,660 US8680740B2 (en) 2009-02-27 2011-08-27 Stator with intermediate teeth

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09153981A EP2224578A1 (en) 2009-02-27 2009-02-27 Stator winding scheme of a permanent magnet machine
EP09153981.7 2009-02-27

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/219,660 Continuation US8680740B2 (en) 2009-02-27 2011-08-27 Stator with intermediate teeth

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010097285A2 true WO2010097285A2 (en) 2010-09-02
WO2010097285A3 WO2010097285A3 (en) 2010-12-23

Family

ID=40798130

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2010/051491 WO2010097285A2 (en) 2009-02-27 2010-02-08 Stator with intermediate teeth

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US8680740B2 (en)
EP (2) EP2224578A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2012519459A (en)
KR (1) KR20110132346A (en)
CN (1) CN102318167B (en)
WO (1) WO2010097285A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9359994B2 (en) 2010-09-23 2016-06-07 Northern Power Systems, Inc. Module-handling tool for installing/removing modules into/from an electromagnetic rotary machine having a modularized active portion
US9281731B2 (en) 2010-09-23 2016-03-08 Northem Power Systems, Inc. Method for maintaining a machine having a rotor and a stator
US8912704B2 (en) * 2010-09-23 2014-12-16 Northern Power Systems, Inc. Sectionalized electromechanical machines having low torque ripple and low cogging torque characteristics
WO2013116506A1 (en) * 2012-02-03 2013-08-08 Green Ray Technologies Llc Electric machines and methods of making same
JP6327803B2 (en) * 2013-07-09 2018-05-23 久慶 ▲ふく▼楊 High-power, high-efficiency single-phase multipolar generator
US9742228B2 (en) 2013-10-18 2017-08-22 General Electric Company Torque ripple reduction in electric machines
DE102014200947A1 (en) * 2014-01-20 2015-08-06 Wobben Properties Gmbh Synchronous generator of a gearless wind turbine
DE102016108712A1 (en) 2016-05-11 2017-11-16 Wobben Properties Gmbh Synchronous generator of a gearless wind turbine and method for producing a synchronous generator and use of form coils
FR3071369B1 (en) * 2017-09-18 2023-09-01 Ifp Energies Now ELECTRIC MACHINE COMPRISING A STATOR PROVIDED WITH AN INTERNAL TUBULAR SLEEVE
US10833543B2 (en) 2017-10-02 2020-11-10 Ge Aviation Systems Llc Stator assembly
DE102017128827A1 (en) * 2017-12-05 2019-06-06 Ebm-Papst Mulfingen Gmbh & Co. Kg Multi-tooth coil winding for a 2-phase induction machine
CN108880014B (en) * 2018-05-29 2021-10-29 南方电机科技有限公司 Stator, motor and automation equipment
US20210218295A1 (en) * 2018-07-06 2021-07-15 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Rotating electric machine
CN109831085A (en) * 2019-02-15 2019-05-31 深圳市配天电机技术有限公司 Switched reluctance machines, electric car and electrical equipment
GB2582941B (en) * 2019-04-09 2023-08-02 Centre Nat Rech Scient A stator winding arrangement
GB201913015D0 (en) * 2019-09-10 2019-10-23 Rolls Royce Plc electrical systems
CN110739823B (en) * 2019-12-11 2021-05-11 山东理工大学 Permanent magnet driving motor of electric automobile

Family Cites Families (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4883999A (en) * 1988-08-15 1989-11-28 Pacific Scientific Company Polyphase electronically commutated reluctance motor
US5095238A (en) * 1990-04-03 1992-03-10 Minebea Co., Ltd. Brushless dc motor and rotor magnet
JPH09233790A (en) * 1996-02-27 1997-09-05 Kokusan Denki Co Ltd Internal combustion engine-driven generator for operating discharge lamp and discharge lamp operating device
US6094011A (en) * 1995-06-26 2000-07-25 Kokusan Denki Co., Ltd Discharge lamp lighting device driven by internal combustion engine
JP3395071B2 (en) * 1996-04-25 2003-04-07 ミネベア株式会社 Motor structure
JPH10234144A (en) * 1997-02-19 1998-09-02 Hitachi Ltd Concentrated winding electric rotating machine
JPH11234990A (en) * 1998-02-12 1999-08-27 Okuma Corp Permanent magnet motor
JP2000228838A (en) * 1998-12-01 2000-08-15 Toyota Motor Corp Permanent magnet motor
JP4399943B2 (en) * 2000-02-29 2010-01-20 株式会社富士通ゼネラル Permanent magnet motor
JP2004215483A (en) * 2002-05-29 2004-07-29 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Motor generator
WO2003100949A1 (en) 2002-05-29 2003-12-04 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Motor generator
JP2004304928A (en) * 2003-03-31 2004-10-28 Mitsuba Corp Brushless motor
US7122933B2 (en) * 2004-05-19 2006-10-17 Emerson Electric Co. Reduced coil segmented stator
DE102004055317A1 (en) * 2004-11-16 2006-05-24 Bosch Rexroth Aktiengesellschaft Electric induction machine and primary section
DE102004058046B4 (en) * 2004-12-01 2012-10-31 Siemens Ag High-pole permanent-magnet synchronous machine with toothed coils
US8084913B2 (en) * 2005-10-06 2011-12-27 Borgwarner Inc. DC motor with asymmetrical poles
TW200847584A (en) * 2007-05-25 2008-12-01 Azure Shine Int Inc Brushless permanent magnet motor with unequal width tooth slots and its manufacturing method

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
JURGEN FRIEDRICH, BAUFORMEN UND BETRIEBSVERHALTEN MODULARER DAUERMAGNETMASCHINEN, 1997, pages 28 - 36

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN102318167A (en) 2012-01-11
EP2224578A1 (en) 2010-09-01
WO2010097285A3 (en) 2010-12-23
US20110309712A1 (en) 2011-12-22
EP2401802A2 (en) 2012-01-04
KR20110132346A (en) 2011-12-07
CN102318167B (en) 2014-09-17
JP2012519459A (en) 2012-08-23
US8680740B2 (en) 2014-03-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US8680740B2 (en) Stator with intermediate teeth
US7605514B2 (en) Electric machine
EP2190103B1 (en) Axial gap type coreless rotating machine
US7569962B2 (en) Multi-phase brushless motor with reduced number of stator poles
EP2636127B1 (en) Direct drive segmented generator
CN105474512B (en) Synchronous motor
US9608501B2 (en) Rotary electric machine
US7982352B2 (en) Electrical motor/generator having a number of stator pole cores being larger than a number of rotor pole shoes
KR101721462B1 (en) Wind power generator as well as stator core and stator core module thereof
US7638917B2 (en) Electrical rotating machine
JP6604621B1 (en) Generator motor and manufacturing method thereof
US20110285227A1 (en) Generator with compact single turn wave winding and wind turbine
WO2012059109A2 (en) Direct drive segmented generator
CN110337772B (en) Segmented stator motor
WO2016078691A1 (en) Air-gap winding
EP3340439B1 (en) Voltage balanced winding pattern for an electric machine with a minimal number of connections and method for assembly of such winding
US20190312476A1 (en) Motor
US20090051253A1 (en) Printing Machine or Electrical Machine for a Printing Machine
US20160329758A1 (en) Magnetically isolated electrical machines
EP3104499A1 (en) Armature of an electrical machine
US20110285140A1 (en) Generator with single turn wave winding and wind turbine
RU2001124808A (en) Multi-pole electric machine (options)

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 201080007791.0

Country of ref document: CN

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 10702510

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A2

DPE1 Request for preliminary examination filed after expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101)
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2010702510

Country of ref document: EP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2011551453

Country of ref document: JP

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 20117019935

Country of ref document: KR

Kind code of ref document: A

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 6160/CHENP/2011

Country of ref document: IN

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE