WO2010067811A1 - RNPモチーフを利用した、蛋白質応答型shRNA/RNAi制御システムの構築 - Google Patents
RNPモチーフを利用した、蛋白質応答型shRNA/RNAi制御システムの構築 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010067811A1 WO2010067811A1 PCT/JP2009/070580 JP2009070580W WO2010067811A1 WO 2010067811 A1 WO2010067811 A1 WO 2010067811A1 JP 2009070580 W JP2009070580 W JP 2009070580W WO 2010067811 A1 WO2010067811 A1 WO 2010067811A1
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- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
- C12N15/111—General methods applicable to biologically active non-coding nucleic acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- C12N2310/00—Structure or type of the nucleic acid
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Definitions
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems. That is, the present invention, according to one embodiment, is a shRNA that has a sequence complementary to a target sequence, a passenger strand that forms a double strand with the guide strand, and the guide
- the present invention relates to an shRNA comprising a linker strand connecting the strand and a passenger strand, wherein the linker strand comprises an RNP-derived protein binding motif sequence.
- such shRNA is also referred to as sensor shRNA.
- the protein binding motif sequence derived from RNP is preferably a Box C / D sequence.
- the present invention is an RNAi control system comprising the sensor shRNA and an RNP-derived protein that specifically binds to a protein binding motif sequence of the shRNA.
- RNAi RNA-binding motif sequence of the shRNA in a solution.
- a step of introducing a solution containing the shRNA and protein into a cell introducing a solution containing the shRNA and protein into a cell.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing shRNA according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 (A) is a figure which shows typically shRNA which comprises the RNAi control system by 2nd embodiment
- (B) is the protein derived from RNP which comprises the RNAi control system by 2nd embodiment.
- FIG. 4C is a diagram schematically showing a complex of shRNA and shRNA in a system in which protein 4 coexists, and protein 4.
- FIG. 3 (A) is a diagram showing a pENTR TM / H1 / TO vector sold by invitrogen, and (B) is a diagram of DNA inserted into the pENTR TM / H1 / TO vector. It is a figure which shows this chain
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing shRNA according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2nd embodiment (B) is the protein derived from RNP which comprises the RNAi control system by 2nd embodiment.
- FIG. 4C is a diagram schematically showing a
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a production example of a protein expression vector.
- (A) is a diagram showing the secondary structure sequence of shRNA-GFP for EGFP knockdown, and (B) is shRNA-GFP-mut used as a negative control that does not cause EGFP knockdown.
- (C) is a diagram showing the secondary structure sequence of shRNA-BoxC / D-GFP that is expected to specifically bind to the L7Ae protein through the BoxC / D sequence.
- (D) shows the secondary structure sequence of shRNA-BoxC / D-mut-GFP that does not bind to L7Ae.
- the wedge shape is a cutting position by Dicer.
- FIG. 14 shows the results of Dicer cleavage inhibition by shRNA-BoxC / D-Bcl-xL and shRNA-BoxC / D mut-Bcl-xL using L7Ae using an in vitro reconstituted Dicer system.
- FIG. 15 shows Bcl-xL expression in cells.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the result of integrating the intensity of the detected Bcl-xL band.
- FIG. 17 shows Bcl-xL expression in cells.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the result of integrating the intensity of the detected Bcl-xL band.
- RNA-protein interaction motifs composed of relatively short sequences.
- the HIV Rev protein interacts with an RNA motif that recognizes Rev with high affinity. Therefore, RNP is expected to be used as a material for research in synthetic biology (a field in which biomolecules and life systems are reconstructed through the work of artificially creating biomolecules to induce new technologies).
- the present inventors use this RNA-protein interaction motif to control RNA interference, thus, the present invention has been completed by considering the translation of the target protein.
- the present invention provides a guide strand having a sequence complementary to a target sequence, a passenger strand that forms a double strand with the guide strand, and the guide strand according to the first embodiment.
- An shRNA comprising a linker strand that connects the passenger strand, the linker strand comprising an RNP-derived protein binding motif sequence.
- ShRNA according to the first embodiment is schematically shown in FIG.
- the shRNA according to the first embodiment is composed of a guide strand 1, a linker strand 2, and a passenger strand 3 in this order from the 3 'side.
- the linker chain 2 has a protein binding motif sequence 21 derived from RNP in its sequence.
- Guide strand 1 is an RNA base sequence of about 21 to 26 bases located at the 3 'end in shRNA.
- the guide strand 1 has a sequence complementary to a specific sequence of mRNA to be controlled (hereinafter referred to as target sequence), and the mRNA to be controlled can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art depending on the purpose. it can. Examples include, but are not limited to, mRNA for apoptosis-inducing genes, mRNA for apoptosis-inhibiting genes, mRNA for cancer marker genes, and the like. More specifically, GFP mRNA, BimEL mRNA, Bcl-xL mRNA and the like can be mentioned.
- the guide strand needs to be completely complementary to the target sequence. This is to cause the action of RNAi. At least two bases at the 3 'end of the guide strand 1 have an overhang sequence that does not form a complementary strand with the passenger strand.
- the guide strand 1 is a portion that becomes an siRNA after being cleaved by Dicer.
- the linker chain 2 serves as a linker between the guide chain 1 and the passenger chain 3.
- the linker chain 2 is bonded to the 5 ′ side of the guide chain 1 and the 3 ′ side of the passenger chain 3.
- the linker chain 2 can be said to be a part that is cleaved from the guide chain 1 and the passenger chain 3 after being cleaved by Dicer.
- the linker chain 2 constitutes the main part of the loop part that is not hybridized, as shown in the figure, but part of the loop part that is not hybridized is In some cases, it may be derived from a part of the 3 ′ end of the passenger strand 3.
- the linker chain 2 constitutes all of the non-hybridized loop portions, and several bases at the 3 ′ end of the linker chain 2 and several bases at the 5 ′ end of the linker chain 2 May hybridize to form part of the stem portion of the hairpin structure.
- the linker chain 2 is composed of a base sequence 20 and a protein binding motif sequence 21 derived from RNP.
- the base sequence 20 refers to a part of the sequence constituting the linker chain and not derived from the RNP-derived protein binding motif sequence 21 in the present invention.
- the linker chain 2 may be composed only of the protein binding motif sequence 21 derived from RNP. Whether the linker chain 2 is composed of the base sequence 20 and the RNP-derived protein binding motif sequence 21 or the linker chain 2 is composed of only the RNP-derived protein binding motif sequence 21, the linker Strand 2 has a sequence that does not form a complementary strand in the sequence, and that sequence constitutes the loop portion of the shRNA.
- sequence that does not form a complementary strand is 4 to 20 bases, preferably 4 to 11 bases, and the type of base is not limited.
- a preferred example of a sequence that does not directly form a complementary strand includes, but is not limited to, 5'-AGCAAUAG-3 ', 5'-GAAA-3'.
- the protein binding motif sequence 21 includes a base sequence derived from an RNA-protein complex interaction motif (RNP motif), or a base sequence in which a mutation is inserted into the base sequence.
- RNP motif RNA-protein complex interaction motif
- the base sequence derived from the RNA-protein complex interaction motif is known as the sequence on the RNA side of the interaction motif between RNA and protein in a natural, known RNA-protein complex.
- the base sequence and the base sequence that is the sequence on the RNA side in the artificial RNA-protein complex interaction motif obtained by the in vitro evolution method are included.
- An RNA-protein complex is an association of protein and RNA that has been confirmed in large numbers in a living body, and is a 3D object having a complicated structure.
- the base sequence derived from a natural RNA-protein complex interaction motif is usually composed of about 10 to 80 bases, and noncovalently, that is, by hydrogen bonding, with a specific amino acid sequence of a specific protein. It is known to form specific bonds.
- the nucleotide sequences derived from such natural RNA-protein complex interaction motifs are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below, and a database available on the website: http: // gibk26. bse. kyutech. ac. jp / jouhou / image / dna-protein / rna / rna. It can be selected from html.
- the protein binding motif sequence 21 which is a base sequence derived from an RNA-protein interaction motif preferably used in the present embodiment is a sequence that can be recognized by Dicer described below in detail and can generate RNAi when incorporated into shRNA. is there. In terms of the three-dimensional structure, it is preferable that the protein has a high specificity with a protein that forms a characteristic RNA tertiary structure including an unnatural base pair and further binds to the site.
- the RNA-protein interaction motif Kd is preferably about 0.1 nM to about 1 ⁇ M, but is not limited to this Kd range.
- the base sequence derived from an artificial RNA-protein complex interaction motif is a base sequence on the RNA side of an RNA-protein interaction motif in an artificially designed RNA-protein complex.
- Such a base sequence is usually composed of about 10 to 80 bases, and forms a specific bond with a specific amino acid sequence of a specific protein non-covalently, that is, by hydrogen bonding. design.
- Base sequences derived from such artificial RNA-protein complex interaction motifs include RNA aptamers that specifically bind to the apoptosis-inducing protein Bcl-2 family, and RNAs that specifically recognize cancer cell surface antigens. An aptamer etc. are mentioned, However, It is not limited to these.
- the base sequences listed in Table 3 below are also provided, and these can also be used as the base sequence 2 derived from the RNA-protein complex interaction motif of the present invention.
- RNA-protein complex can be prepared by using a molecular design method and an in vitro evolution method in combination.
- aptamers and ribozymes can be obtained by repeating functional reactions such as selecting functional RNA from a molecular library with various sequence diversity and amplifying and transcribing the gene (DNA).
- DNA gene
- an RNA-protein interaction motif adapted to RNP having a target functional structure in advance in molecular design can be extracted from natural RNP molecules or artificially created by in vitro evolution.
- the base sequence 2 derived from the RNA-protein complex interaction motif has a dissociation constant Kd of about 0.1 nM to about 1 ⁇ M of the RNA-protein complex from which the base sequence is derived.
- L7Ae As a specific protein binding motif sequence 21, L7Ae (SEQ ID NO: 1), which is known to be involved in RNA modification such as RNA methylation and pseudouridine formation (Moore T et al., Structure Vol. 12, pp. 209). 807-818 (2004)) binds to the BoxCD sequence, 5′-GGGCGUGAUGCGAAAGCUGACCCC-3 ′ (SEQ ID NO: 2).
- the configuration of shRNA according to this embodiment can be obtained by molecular design. For example, based on the sequence of a natural or non-natural known shRNA, by introducing a protein-binding motif sequence into the sequence portion forming the linker chain, or the natural or non-natural known shRNA. Based on the sequence, the sensor shRNA of this embodiment can be obtained by substituting the protein binding motif sequence for the sequence portion forming the linker chain. At this time, it is possible to determine the type of protein-binding motif sequence and the introduction position in consideration of appropriately arranging the target RNP so that the function of the Dicer protein can be inhibited.
- the shRNA according to the first embodiment is a hairpin shown in FIG. 1 under physiological conditions of pH 6.5 to 8.0, temperature 4 to 42 ° C., preferably pH 7.3 to 7.5, temperature 4 to 37 ° C. It forms a structure and exists stably.
- the shRNA according to the first embodiment is recognized by Dicer, a double-stranded RNA cleaving enzyme.
- the shRNA is cleaved at the wedge a position and the wedge b position in FIG. 1 to produce double-stranded RNA having a length of about 19 to 24 bases with each strand protruding from the terminal two bases.
- the guide RNA complementary to the target mRNA is transferred from the RLC to the RISC, and the translation can be suppressed by cleaving the mRNA to be controlled.
- the shRNA according to the first embodiment has the same function as the shRNA known in nature in the illustrated form, that is, in the form in which the specific protein is not bound to the protein binding motif sequence 21.
- FIG. 2A schematically shows shRNA constituting the RNAi control system according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 2B schematically shows protein 4 derived from RNP.
- the shRNA is as described in the first embodiment, and a description thereof is omitted here.
- the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same components.
- Protein 4 shown in FIG. 2 (B) is a protein that is derived from RNP and specifically binds to protein binding motif sequence 21 on shRNA. Therefore, this protein 4 can be determined specifically for the sequence selected as the protein binding motif sequence 21. Specifically, when Box C / D (SEQ ID NO: 2) is selected as the protein binding motif sequence 21, protein 4 is L7Ae (SEQ ID NO: 1).
- the protein 4 may also be a fusion protein including a protein that specifically binds to the protein binding motif sequence 21, and an additional peptide is added to the protein that specifically binds to the protein binding motif sequence 21. May be. This is because it is sufficient that the recognition by Dicer described below can be inhibited.
- the shRNA according to the present embodiment functions in the same manner as shRNA known in nature, as described in the first embodiment, when the protein 4 is not present. Occurs and suppresses the translation function of specific mRNA.
- FIG. 2 (C) schematically shows shRNA and protein 4 in a system in which shRNA and protein 4 coexist.
- pH 6.5 to 8.0 temperature 4 to 42 ° C., preferably pH 7.0 to 7.5, temperature 4 to 37 ° C.
- shRNA and protein 4 bind specifically, and RNP It forms a complex and exists stably.
- the contacting step is performed by mixing the sensor shRNA prepared as described above and the protein in the same solution system.
- the shRNA and protein are mixed under physiological conditions of pH 6.5 to 8.0, temperature 4 to 42 ° C., preferably pH 7.3 to 7.5, temperature 4 to 37 ° C. Thereby, shRNA and protein specifically interact to form an RNP complex.
- the concentration of the RNP complex introduced into the cell is, for example, preferably 1 to 10 times the protein concentration when the shRNA is 1 nM to 40 nM, preferably 1 nM to 20 nM, but this concentration range is limited.
- the introduction method into the cell can be performed by transfection using liposomes, but is not limited thereto, and can be carried out by a method known in the art for those skilled in the art.
- shRNA can be expressed with tetracycline after protein introduction.
- shRNA may be directly introduced into the cell, or a vector expressing shRNA may be introduced into the cell.
- the protein introduced into the cell forms an RNP complex with the sensor shRNA, and the expression of the target gene in the cell can be controlled by RNAi, which is effective for the development of protein drugs and the treatment of diseases such as cancer. I think that the.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a method for producing a vector.
- FIG. 3 (A) is the pENTR TM / H1 / TO vector (SEQ ID NO: 8) sold by Invitrogen.
- a DNA sequence encoding the shRNA of the present invention is inserted at the position indicated by the arrow in FIG.
- FIG. 3B schematically shows a DNA double strand to be inserted.
- the vector expressing the shRNA and the vector expressing the protein are introduced into the same cell and expressed.
- the introducing step can be performed by transfection. Examples include, but are not limited to, transfection using liposomes, direct injection, electroporation, lentivirus introduction, and the like.
- the amount of the shRNA expression vector and the protein expression vector to be introduced into the cells varies depending on the purpose.
- the L7Ae protein expression vector is 1/4 to 10 times, preferably 1 time the amount of the shRNA expression vector. ⁇ 4 times the amount.
- shRNA-BoxC / D-GFP [In vitro synthesis of shRNA]
- shRNA template DNA L7Aer template (100 ⁇ M, 5′-CTGGCATCAAGGTGAACTTCAGCATCATCGCCCTTTTCGGGTCACGCTGAAGTTCCACTTGATGCTATAGTGAGTCGTATTTAGC-3 ′ 1 mg / mL pyrophosphatase (ROCHE) 5 ⁇ L, 20 mg / mL BSA 1.75 ⁇ L, 1 M Hepes-KOH 28 ⁇ L, 1 M MgCl 2 14 ⁇ L, 1 M DTT 3.5 ⁇ L, 0.1 M spermidine 14 ⁇ L, 0.1 M ATP 33.6 ⁇ L ( Same for CTP and UTP ), 0.1M GTP 8.96 ⁇ L, 0.1M GMP 89.6 ⁇ L, mixed ultrapure water 385MyuL, and reacted overnight at 37 ° C..
- the supernatant was recovered by centrifugation (4 ° C., 6000 rpm, 20 minutes), and the protein with a histidine tag was purified by a batch method using a Ni-NTA column (Qiagen). Specifically, first, the supernatant and 1 mL of Ni-NTA were mixed and stirred at 4 ° C. for 1 hour. Thereafter, the column was packed and washed twice with 4 mL of wash buffer (50 mM Na phosphate, 0.3 M NaCl, 20 mM imidazole, pH 8.0).
- wash buffer 50 mM Na phosphate, 0.3 M NaCl, 20 mM imidazole, pH 8.0.
- FIG. 6 shows the binding of shRNA-GFP, shRNA-boxC / D-GFP, and shRNA-boxC / Dmut-GFP to L7Ae by gel shift assay. As a result, it was suggested that shRNA-BoxC / D-GFP and L7Ae were bound in a sequence-specific manner.
- FIG. 7 shows the results of Dicer cleavage inhibition by L7Ae of shRNA-boxC / D-GFP and shRNA-boxC / Dmut-GFP using an in vitro reconstituted Dicer system.
- L7Ae + indicates a sample prepared from 4 ⁇ M L7Ae
- ++ indicates a sample prepared from 8 ⁇ M L7Ae
- ⁇ indicates a case where L7Ae was not used.
- Dicer + indicates that Dicer is used, and-indicates that Dicer is not used.
- shRNA-BoxC / D-GFP and L7Ae were specifically bound to each other and were not cleaved by Dicer.
- This double strand is a double strand shown in FIG.
- the double-stranded DNA solution was diluted 100-fold with ultrapure water, and then mixed with 1 ⁇ L of diluted solution, 10 ⁇ Oligo Annealing Buffer 10 ⁇ L, and ultrapure water 89 ⁇ L, and diluted 100-fold. Thereafter, 4 ⁇ L of 5 ⁇ Ligation Buffer, 2 ⁇ L of 0.75 ng / ⁇ L pENTR / H1 / TO vector, 5 ⁇ L of 10,000-fold diluted DNA solution, 8 ⁇ L of ultrapure water, 1 U / ⁇ L T4 DNA Ligase, 1 ⁇ L were mixed and allowed to stand at room temperature for 5 minutes.
- the shRNA coding sequence was incorporated into the pENTR / H1 / TO vector. 4 ⁇ L of this reaction solution was added to TOP10 Competent E. coli for transformation. O. After adding C medium and shaking culture for 1 hour, it was seeded on an LB plate containing 50 ⁇ g / mL kanamycin and cultured at 37 ° C. overnight.
- H1 Forward Primer (10 ⁇ M, 5′-TGTTCTGGGAAATCACCATA-3 ′ SEQ ID NO: 20)
- M13 Reverse Primer (10 ⁇ M, 5′-CAGGAAACAGCTATGAC-3 ′ SEQ ID NO: 21)
- colony PCR was performed using KOD-Plus-ver2 (TOYOBO). This colony was inoculated into 50 mL of LB medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL kanamycin and cultured with shaking at 37 ° C. for 16 hours.
- the cells were collected by centrifugation (4 ° C., 6000 rpm, 15 minutes), purified according to the protocol of the Plasmid purification kit (Qiagen), and subjected to isopropanol precipitation. After discarding the supernatant and drying the pellet, 55 ⁇ L of ultrapure water was added and dissolved. The concentration of the plasmid vector was measured and used for subsequent experiments.
- 160 ⁇ L of LB medium was added, seeded on an LB plate containing 50 ⁇ g / mL ampicillin, and incubated at 37 ° C. overnight.
- the formed colonies were subjected to colony PCR using Extaq (TAKARA) and the above-described DNA primer, and an insert check was performed.
- the colonies in which the insert was confirmed were transferred to 50 mL of LB medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL ampicillin and cultured overnight at 37 ° C. with shaking.
- the cells were collected by centrifugation (4 ° C., 6000 rpm, 15 minutes), purified according to the protocol of the Plasmid purification kit (Qiagen), and subjected to isopropanol precipitation. After discarding the supernatant and drying the pellet, 55 ⁇ L of ultrapure water was added and dissolved.
- T7 promoter primer (5′-TAATACGACTCACTATAGGGG-3 ′ SEQ ID NO: 34) and BGHrev primer (5′-GCTGGCCAACTAAGGCACAG-3 ′ SEQ ID NO: 35). Used in the experiment.
- pENTRshRNA-GFP pENTRshRNA-GFP mut, pENTRshRNA-BoxC / D-GFP, pENTRshRNA-BoxC / Dmut-GFP 0.3 ⁇ g
- pcDNA3.1-AsRed2-L7Ae-myc-His6-cid3-Aid-myc-His6 0.3 ⁇ g of His6 (SEQ ID NO: 42) and 0.2 ⁇ g of pcDNA3.1-EGFP-myc-His6 were added, and 1.25 ⁇ l of Lipofectamine 2000 was added per sample.
- FIG. 12 is an EGFP fluorescence image obtained by applying excitation light having a wavelength of around 488 nm and passing through a wavelength filter of 510 to 550 nm.
- “+” below each panel indicates that the fluorescence intensity is high, and “ ⁇ ” indicates that the fluorescence intensity is low. From this image, the effect of AsRed2-L7Ae to suppress the knockdown function of shRNA-Box C / D-GFP was shown.
- HeLa-GFP cells were seeded on 6- well plates at 0.5 ⁇ 10 6 cells / well and cultured in a 37 ° C. CO 2 incubation.
- Co-transfection of pENTR / H1 / TO shRNA expression vector and pcDNA3.1-L7Ae-myc-His6 was performed.
- RNA 1.5 ⁇ g (or 0.5 ⁇ g) was extracted using a random primer and reverse transcriptase using High-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transfer Kits (Applied Biosystems (trademark)).
- Real-time PCR was performed by using LightCycler 480 Taqman probe (Roche) (trademark) using cDNA diluted 1/20 as a template.
- PCR reaction and real-time fluorescence detection were performed using a light cycler 480 (Roche) (trademark).
- the reaction conditions were 95 ° C. for 5 minutes in the initial denaturation step, 45 cycles of denaturation at 95 ° C. for 10 seconds, annealing / extension 60 ° C.
- the amplification efficiency was measured using Universal probe Library probe # 148 (ROCHE) for GFP mRNA and Universal probe Library # 60 (ROCHE) for GAPDH mRNA. It was confirmed by electrophoresis that the target product was a single amplified product, and the results were evaluated by relative quantification. The amount of EGFP was normalized by GAPDH, and the normalized value was used to compare the samples with the relative amount of GFP mRNA of the sample to which only pENTRshRNA-GFP mut was added as 1.
- FIG. 8 shows the results of RNAi inhibition by L7Ae by RT-PCR analysis.
- shRNA-BoxC / D-GFP and L7Ae protein were introduced into cells by transfection using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen) (trademark). 10 ⁇ M shRNA-BoxC / D-GFP 0.6 ⁇ l, 20 ⁇ M L7Ae protein 0 ⁇ l, 0.6 ⁇ l, 1.2 ⁇ l, 2.4 ⁇ l, 4.8 ⁇ l, 9.6 ⁇ l, 5 ⁇ binding buffer 2 ⁇ l, and mixed with ultrapure water In addition, the volume was 10 ⁇ l (for 9.6 ⁇ l of the L7Ae protein, 12.2 ⁇ l was added without adding ultrapure water).
- shRNA-BoxC / D mut-Bcl-xL [shRNA-BoxC / D mut-Bcl-xL (FIG. 13 (C) (SEQ ID NO: 45))] shRNA template DNA, shRNA-BoxC / Dmut-BclxL template (100 ⁇ M, 5′-CTGCTTTGAACAGGTTAGGAATGATGGAGCCCCTTCTCGGCTCATCTCACTACCCTGTTCAAGCCTTAGTGGATCTG.46 4) Using 5.25 ⁇ L, transcription synthesis and purification were performed in the same manner as shRNA-BoxC / D-GFP, dissolved in 22 ⁇ L of ultrapure water, the concentration was measured, and used in the subsequent experiments.
- HeLa cells derived from cervical cancer were seeded on a 24-well plate so as to be 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 cells / well and cultured in a 37 ° C. CO 2 incubator.
- transfection was performed twice with Lipofectamine 2000 (invitrogen) TM. 1 ⁇ l of Lipofectamine 2000 was added to 0.4 ⁇ g of pBcl-xL or pBimEL. These DNA-lipid complexes were incubated at room temperature for 20 minutes and added dropwise to a HeLa cell culture medium. The medium was changed after 4 and a half hours, and immediately after that, a second transfection was performed.
- shRNA-BoxC / D-Bcl-xL or shRNA-BoxC / Dmut-Bcl-xL 2.5 pmol (concentration in medium, 5 nM) and purified L7Ae protein 0, 200 pmol (concentration in medium, 400 nM)
- a complex was formed. 1 ⁇ l of Lipofectamine 2000 was added to this complex, incubated at room temperature for 20 minutes, and added dropwise to a HeLa cell culture medium. The medium was changed after 5 hours.
- Bcl-xL and GAPDH were detected by Western blotting.
- the protein extracted from the cells was developed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting was performed.
- Primary antibody Anti-Bcl-xL (SC-634) (santa cruz biotechnology, inc.) (1/500), secondary antibody Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H + L)-HRP conjugate (BIORAD) (1/2000) It was.
- the color was developed with ECL Plus (GE healthcare) (trademark) and detected using LAS3000 (Fuji Film).
- FIG. 15 shows Bcl-xL expression in cells. It was also confirmed that the protein expression level of GAPDH used as a standard control did not change. The intensity of the detected Bcl-xL band was integrated. The result is shown in FIG. 15 and 16, sh is an abbreviation for “shRNA”.
- cervical cancer-derived HeLa cells were seeded on a 12-well plate so as to be 3.0 ⁇ 10 5 cells / well and cultured in a CO 2 incubator at 37 ° C.
- transfection was performed with Lipofectamine 2000 (invitrogen) TM.
- 0.2 ⁇ g of pBcl-xL, 0.4 ⁇ g of pcDNA3.1-L7Ae, 0.6 ⁇ g of pENTR / H1 / TO-shRNA-BoxC / D-Bcl-xL were mixed, and 2.5 ⁇ l of Lipofectamine 2000 was added.
- These DNA-lipid complexes were incubated at room temperature for 20 minutes and added dropwise to a HeLa cell culture medium.
- the well medium was collected, and the cells were detached with 200 ⁇ l Trypsine-EDTA, and each medium collected in the previous step was added and suspended.
- the cell suspension was spun down at 4 ° C., 500 ⁇ g for 5 minutes, washed with 500 ⁇ l of PBS, and then 100 ⁇ l RIPA buffer (1 ⁇ PBS, 1% NP40, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 0.1%) on the pelleted cells.
- SDS, 0.3 mg / ml PMSF + 2 ⁇ g / ml Aprotinin) was added and left on ice for 30 minutes, and the supernatant was collected by centrifugation (4 ° C., 15000 g, 20 minutes).
- the protein concentration was determined by the Lowry method using a DC-protein assay (BIO-RAD).
- Bcl-xL and GAPDH were detected by Western blotting.
- the protein extracted from the cells was developed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting was performed.
- Primary antibody Anti-Bcl-xL (SC-634) (santa cruz biotechnology, inc.) (1/500), secondary antibody Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H + L)-HRP conjugate (BIORAD) (1/2000) It was.
- the color was developed with ECL Plus (GE healthcare) (trademark) and detected using LAS3000 (Fuji Film).
- Bim-EL which is an apoptosis-promoting protein
- Bcl-xL which is an apoptosis-inhibiting protein
- the expression level of Bcl-xL is controlled using knockdown control of Bcl-xL by binding of L7Ae protein and shRNA-BoxC / D-Bcl-xL in human cancer cultured cells, and Bcl-xL against Bim-EL is controlled.
- Experiments were conducted to control cell death by changing the relative amount of.
- HeLa cells derived from cervical cancer were seeded on a 24-well plate so as to be 0.5 ⁇ 10 5 cells / well and cultured in a 37 ° C. CO 2 incubator.
- transfection was performed with Lipofectamine 2000 (invitrogen) TM.
- pENTR / H1 / TO-shRNA-BoxC / D-Bcl-xL 0.3 ⁇ g add pBcl-xL 0.2 ⁇ g, pBimEL 0.2 ⁇ g, pcDNA3.1-AsRed2-L7Ae 0.2 ⁇ g, and mix in the medium. 1.25 ⁇ l of Lipofectamine 2000 was added.
- the well medium was collected, and the cells were detached with 200 ⁇ l Trypsine-EDTA, and each medium collected in the previous step was added and suspended.
- the cell suspension was centrifuged at 4 ° C., 500 ⁇ g for 3 minutes, washed with 300 ⁇ l of PBS, and then pelleted cells were mixed with 3 ⁇ l Annexin V, Pacific Blue conjugation for flow cytometry (Invitrogen) and 50 ⁇ l nexin-binding.
- annexin-binding buffer 200 ⁇ l annexin-binding buffer was added to each sample and suspended, and the cell suspension was transferred to a FACS tube and analyzed by FACS Aria (BD).
- FACS Aria FACS Aria
- 30000 cells were measured.
- gating is performed on cells emitting red fluorescence by AsRed2-L7, and the blue fluorescence intensity of Pacific Blue is measured for cells in the gate using filters with excitation wavelengths of 405 nm and fluorescence wavelengths of 430 to 470 nm. Then, the ratio of the number of cells whose fluorescence intensity was larger than the standard was measured.
- phosphatidylserine a lipid that exists specifically in the outer membrane of dead cells
- annexin V Pacific Blue conjugation for flow cytometry (Invitrogen)
- the blue Cells having a fluorescence intensity greater than the upper limit of the intensity of a sample obtained by similarly staining untreated cells were counted as dead cells.
- the death cell rate of the sample to which the control vector (pcDNA3.1 (+) myc His A vector) was added was 8.3%
- the death of the sample to which pENTR / H1 / TO-shRNA-GFP mut (negative control) was added Cell rate 10.1%
- the dead cell rate of the sample was 34.5%
- the dead cell rate of the sample to which pENTR / H1 / TO-shRNA-BoxC / D-mut Bcl-xL was added was 42.5%.
- RNAi can be controlled by a sensor shRNA and a protein that specifically binds to it, without destroying cells, It is useful for the construction of biosensors that quantify the expression of intracellular marker proteins and artificial gene circuits that can activate translation of target proteins according to the expression level of marker proteins. For example, activation of an apoptosis-inducing protein in accordance with the expression of a cancer marker protein, or as a basic technology for developing protein drugs, has a great effect of leading to treatment of diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer.
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Abstract
Description
Chung-Il An,Vu B.Trinh,and Yohei Yokobayashi,RNA,May 2006;12:710-716
前記RNP由来の蛋白質結合モチーフ配列が、Box C/D配列であることが好ましい。
本発明のさらにまた別の側面によれば、アポトーシス制御蛋白質を発現制御するRNAi制御システムであって、前記shRNAの標的配列が、Bcl-xLのmRNAである、RNAi制御システム、及び、前記shRNAを用いた人工蛋白質情報変換システムであって、前記RNP由来の蛋白質結合モチーフ配列に特異的に結合する蛋白質の情報を、前記shRNAの標的配列となるRNAによりコードされる蛋白質の情報に変換する人工蛋白質情報変換システムを提供する。
2 リンカー鎖
20 ベース配列
21 蛋白質結合モチーフ配列
3 パッセンジャー鎖
4 蛋白質
a Dicer切断位置
b Dicer切断位置
1d ガイド鎖をコードするDNA配列
2d リンカー鎖をコードするDNA配列
3d パッセンジャー鎖をコードするDNA配列
ベース配列20に、蛋白質結合モチーフ配列21が導入される場合、蛋白質結合モチーフ配列21の導入位置としては、限定されるものではないが、後に述べるDicerによる認識が保持される範囲であればよい。また、ベース配列を含まない場合には、蛋白質結合モチーフ配列21を直接、ガイド鎖1及びパッセンジャー鎖3に結合することができる。
ここで、センサーshRNAは、in vitro転写と呼ばれる、試験管内合成法により、得ることが出来る。shRNAの鋳型となる配列の3’末端に、19塩基のT7プロモーター配列のアンチセンス配列(TATAGTGAGTCGTATTAGC配列番号3)を結合した一本鎖DNAを人工合成し(北海道システムサイエンス)、これと同様に人工合成した19塩基のT7プロモーター配列(GCTAATACGACTCACTATA(配列番号4))を会合させる。これに、具体的には実施例に詳述するの通りに、リボ核酸や塩類とT7RNAポリメラーゼを混合して37℃で反応させることにより、得られる。
いっぽう、蛋白質は、当該蛋白質を発現するベクターを作成し、大腸菌を用いて発現させた後に精製して得ることができる。例えば、配列番号1で表されるbox-C/Dモチーフに特異的に結合する蛋白質であるL7Ae(配列番号2)を発現するベクターを、NucleicAcidResarch,2003,Vol.31,No.3 869-877を参照して作成することができる。大腸菌でL7Ae(配列番号2)を発現するベクターの一例を、配列番号5に示す。
第三実施形態の応用形態として、蛋白質を単独で細胞に直接投与することができる。この応用形態は、蛋白質を細胞に導入した後に、細胞内でセンサーshRNAと、蛋白質とのRNP複合体を形成させる点で、RNP複合体を形成させてから細胞に導入する第三実施形態と異なる。この場合、センサーshRNAは、蛋白質を細胞に導入する前に、あるいは蛋白質を細胞に導入した後に、細胞に導入することができる。蛋白質導入前の場合は、shRNAを発現するベクターを細胞に導入し、このベクター内のshRNAの発現がテトラサイクリンなどの低分子で制御できるようにデザインする。この方法では、蛋白質導入後に、テトラサイクリンでshRNAを発現させることができる。蛋白質導入後の場合は、細胞にダイレクトにshRNAを導入してもいいし、細胞にshRNAを発現するベクターを導入してもよい。細胞に導入された蛋白質は、センサーshRNAと、RNP複合体を形成し、細胞内で目的遺伝子の発現をRNAiで制御することが可能になり、蛋白質医薬の開発や、癌などの疾病治療に有効と思われる。
EGFPノックダウン用のshRNA-GFP(shRNA-GFP (59mer)GGCAUCAAGGUGAACUUCAAGAUCCAGCAUAGGGAUCUUGAAGUUCACCUUGAUGCCAG図5A(配列番号10))配列は東京大学の鈴木勉、加藤敬行両博士から譲り受けた。shRNA-GFP-mut(shRNA-GFP-mut (59mer)GCACUAGCGUAUGAAUGAAAGAUCCAGCAUAGGGAUCUUUCAUUCAUACGCUAGUGCAG図5B(配列番号12)については、まず、終止コドンの相補配列3つを、3つのコドンの読み枠に1つずつ挿入したガイド鎖を設計し、これをshRNA-GFPのガイド鎖と置換して設計した。このshRNA-GFP-mutをEGFPのノックダウンを起こさないネガティブコントロールとして用いた。次に、RNPモチーフであるL7Ae-BoxC/Dの構造より、BoxC/DのRNA配列を取得し、shRNAのDicer蛋白質切断部位にできるだけ近く、かつガイド鎖、パッセンジャー鎖の二重鎖構造が保たれるように挿入して、L7Ae蛋白質とBoxC/D配列で特異的に結合することが期待されるshRNA-BoxC/D-GFP(shRNA-BoxC/D-GFP (63mer)GGCAUCAAGGUGAACUUCAGCUGACCCGAAAGGGCGUGAUGCUGAAGUUCACCUUGAUGCCAG図5C(配列番号9))を設計した。この際、ガイド鎖については、shRNA-GFPのガイド鎖の3’末端から21塩基を使用している。さらに、このshRNA-BoxC/D-GFPの5’末端から24塩基目のアデニンを削除し、38塩基目のグアニンをシトシンに置換したshRNAを、L7Aeと結合しないshRNA-BoxC/D-mut-GFP(shRNA-BoxC/D-mut-GFP (62mer)GGCAUCAAGGUGAACUUCAGCUGCCCGAAAGGGCGUCAUGCUGAAGUUCACCUUGAUGCCAG図5(D)(配列番号11))として設計した。
[shRNA-BoxC/D-GFP]
shRNAの鋳型DNA、L7Aer template(100μM、5’-CTGGCATCAAGGTGAACTTCAGCATCACGCCCTTTCGGGTCAGCTGAAGTTCACCTTGATGCCTATAGTGAGTCGTATTAGC-3’配列番号13)5.25μLと、T7 sense primer(100μM、5’-GCTAATACGACTCACTATA-3’配列番号4)5.25μL、T7RNAポリメラーゼ 30μL、1mg/mL ピロフォスファターゼ(ROCHE)5μL、20mg/mL BSA 1.75μL、1M Hepes-KOH 28μL、1M MgCl2 14μL、1M DTT 3.5μL、0.1M スペルミジン 14μL、0.1M ATP 33.6μL(CTP、UTPに関しても同様)、0.1M GTP 8.96μL、0.1M GMP 89.6μL、超純水385μLを混合し、37℃で一晩反応させた。反応後、TURBO DNase 10μLを加えて37℃で30分間反応させ、鋳型DNAを分解させた。反応後にフェノール抽出、クロロホルム抽出を行い、上清をPD-10緩衝液(0.3M 酢酸カリウム、15%(v/v) エタノール、pH6.0)で平衡化したPD-10カラム(GEヘルスケア)に充填し、PD-10緩衝液 3mLで洗浄後、PD-10緩衝液 500μLで2回溶出させた。その後、溶出液に等量のエタノールを加えて、エタノール沈澱を行った。上清を廃棄しペレットを乾燥した後に、20μLの5×色素液(0.25% BPB、30% グリセロール)に溶かし、 非変性15%ポリアクリルアミド(1/30 ビスアクリルアミド)ゲルに重層し、室温で50分間電気泳動して分離した。目的のサイズのバンドを切り出し、500μLの溶出緩衝液(0.5M NaCl、0.1% SDS、1mM EDTA)を加え、37℃で一晩溶出した。その後、5mLシリンジ(テルモ)にマイクロフィルター(22μm Millex GP)を取り付け、シリンジに溶出液を加えてフィルター濾過した。このろ液に2.5倍量のエタノールを加えてエタノール沈澱を行った。上清を廃棄しペレットを乾燥した後に、22μLの超純水に溶解して濃度を測定し、以降の実験に用いた。
shRNAの鋳型DNA、L7AerN template(100μM、5’-CTGGCATCAAGGTGAACTTCAGCATGACGCCCTTTCGGGCAGCTGAAGTTCACCTTGATGCCTATAGTGAGTCGTATTAGC-3’配列番号15)5.25μLと、T7 sense primer(100μM、配列番号4)5.25μL、を用いて、shRNA-BoxC/D-GFPと同様に転写合成と精製を行い、22μLの超純水に溶解して濃度を測定し、以降の実験に用いた。
shRNAの鋳型DNA、481P template(100μM、5’-CTGGCATCAAGGTGAACTTCAAGATCCCTATGCTGGATCTTGAAGTTCACCTTGATGCCTATAGTGAGTCGTATTAGC-3’配列番号16)5.25μLと、T7 sense primer(100μM、配列番号4)5.25μL、を用いて、shRNA-BoxC/D-GFPと同様に転写合成と精製を行い、22μLの超純水に溶解して濃度を測定し、以降の実験に用いた。
Huttenhofer博士に譲り受けた、pET-28b+にL7Ae蛋白質を組み込んだプラスミドを増幅した。大腸菌BL21(DE3)pLysSにpET-28b+L7Aeプラスミド(配列番号5)が形質転換された、―80℃グリセロール菌体ストックから、培地5mLに植菌し37℃で一晩振蕩培養した。続いて培養液全量を50μg/mLカナマイシン、100μg/mLクロラムフェニコールを含むLB培地500mLに植え継いだ。O.D.600が0.6~0.7になるまで37℃で振蕩培養し、その後、発現誘導をするため1M IPTGを500μL加え(終濃度1mM)、30℃で一晩振蕩培養した。遠心分離(4℃、6000rpm、20分)で菌体を回収し、ソニケーションバッファー(50mM Na phosphate、0.3M NaCl、2.5mM imidazole、pH8.0)5mLを加え、超音波処理を行い、菌体を破砕した。なお、超音波処理は、氷上で冷却後、15秒間超音波を当てる、という操作を6回繰り返した。その後、80℃ 15分で、不純蛋白質を変性させた。遠心分離(4℃、6000rpm 、20分)により、上清を回収し、ヒスチジンタグが付いた蛋白質をNi-NTAカラム(Qiagen)を用いてバッチ法により精製した。具体的には、まず上清とNi-NTA 1mLを混合し、4℃、1時間撹拌を行った。その後、カラムに充填し、washバッファー(50mM Na phosphate、0.3M NaCl、20mM imidazole、pH8.0)4mLで2回洗浄した。50mM、100mM、200mM、300mM imidazole溶出バッファー(50mM Na phosphate、0.3 M NaCl pH8.0にimidazoleを加えて作製)を各1mL 2回で段階的に溶出させた。確認は15% SDS-PAGEにより行った。続いて、マイクロコンYM-3(Millipore)を用いて、蛋白質の濃縮行い、透析バッファー(20mM Hepes-KOH、1.5mM MgCl2、150mM KCl、5% グリセロール pH7.5)に置換した。また、蛋白質の濃度はプロテインアッセイ(BIO-RAD)を用い、Bradford法で決定した。
shRNAと蛋白質の結合の確認は以下のように行った。蛋白質濃度が80~640nMの最終濃度の25倍濃度になるように透析バッファーで希釈した後、各濃度の蛋白質溶液2μL、1μM shRNA-BoxC/D-GFP 2μL、超純水6μL、Opti-MEMI(商標、インビトロジェン)40μLを混合し、室温で30分間静置して、shRNA(40nM)とL7Ae(80nM、160nM、320nM、640nM)を結合させた。shRNA-GFP、shRNA-boxC/D mut-GFPについても、同様にしてL7Aeを結合させた。それぞれの溶液に5×色素液(0.25% BPB、30% グリセロール)13μLを加えて混合し、この混合液15μLを非変性15%ポリアクリルアミド(1/30 ビスアクリルアミド)ゲルに重層し、4℃で50分間、250Vで電気泳動を行った。泳動後、ゲルをSYBR Greenで15分間染色し、FLA-7000(FUJI FILM)でバンドを確認した。図6に、ゲルシフトアッセイによるshRNA-GFP、shRNA-boxC/D-GFP、及びshRNA-boxC/D mut-GFPと、L7Aeとの結合を示す。その結果、shRNA-BoxC/D-GFPとL7Aeが配列特異的に結合していることが示唆された。
shRNA-BoxC/D-GFP、及びshRNA-boxC/D mut-GFPのL7AeによるDicer切断阻害の確認は、GTS.inc社のRecombinant Human Dicer Enzyme Kitを用い、プロトコルに従って以下のように行った。まず、1μM shRNA 0.4μL、4μM、8μM L7Ae 2μL、10mM ATP 1μL、50mM MgCl2 0.5μL、Dicer Reaction Buffer (GTS.inc)4μL、0.5unit/μL Recombinant Dicer Enzyme 2μL、超純水0.1μLを混合し、37℃で15時間反応させた。その後、2μL Dicer Stop Solutionを加えて混合し、この混合液のうち8μLに5×色素液 2μLを加えて、非変性15%ポリアクリルアミド(1/30 ビスアクリルアミド)ゲルに重層し、4℃で50分間電気泳動を行った。泳動後、ゲルをSYBR Greenで染色し、FLA-7000(FUJI FILM)でバンドを確認した。図7に、in vitro再構成Dicer系を用いたshRNA-boxC/D-GFP、及びshRNA-boxC/D mut-GFPのL7AeによるDicer切断阻害の結果を示す。図7において、L7Aeの+は、4μMのL7Aeから調製されたサンプルを、++は、8μMのL7Aeから調製されたサンプルを示し、-は、L7Aeを用いなかった場合を示す。同様に、Dicerの+はDicerを用いた場合、-は、Dicerを用いなかった場合を示す。その結果、shRNA-BoxC/D-GFPとL7Aeが配列特異的に結合して、Dicerに切断されなくなることが示唆された。
[pENTR/H1/TO-shRNA-BoxC/D-GFP(配列番号17)の合成]
pENTR/H1/TOベクター(インビトロジェン)に挿入するshRNAコード配列を含む一本鎖DNA、pENTR L7Aer Top strand(200μM、5’-CACCGGCATCAAGGTGAACTTCAGCTGACCCGAAAGGGCGTGATGCTGAAGTTCACCTTGATGCC-3’配列番号18)5μLと、その相補鎖を含む一本鎖DNA、pENTR L7Aer Bottom strand(200μM、5’-AAAAGGCATCAAGGTGAACTTCAGCATCACGCCCTTTCGGGTCAGCTGAAGTTCACCTTGATGCC-3’配列番号19)5μL、10×Oligo Annealing Buffer(インビトロジェン)2μL、超純水2μLを混合し、95℃で4分間インキュベートした後に、室温で5分静置して、DNAの二重鎖を形成させた。なお、この二重鎖は、図3(B)に示す二本鎖である。この二重鎖DNA溶液を超純水で100倍希釈した後、1μLの希釈液、10×Oligo Annealing Buffer 10μL、超純水89μLを混合して100倍希釈した。その後、5×Ligation Buffer 4μL、0.75ng/μL pENTR/H1/TOベクター 2μL、1万倍希釈DNA溶液 5μL、超純水8μL、1U/μL T4 DNA Ligase 1μLを混合し、室温で5分間静置して、pENTR/H1/TOベクターにshRNAコード配列を組み込んだ。この反応液4μLを TOP10 Competent E.coliに加えて形質転換し、250μL S.O.C培地を加えて1時間振盪培養した後に、50μg/mLカナマイシン入りのLBプレートに播き、37℃で一晩培養した。形成されたコロニーを確認し、プラスミドベクターのインサートの確認には、H1 Foward Primer(10μM、5’-TGTTCTGGGAAATCACCATA-3’ 配列番号20)、M13 Reverse Primer(10μM、5’-CAGGAAACAGCTATGAC-3’ 配列番号21)、KOD-Plus-ver2(TOYOBO)、を用いてコロニーPCRを行った。このコロニーを 50μg/mL カナマイシン入りのLB培地 50mLに植え継ぎ、37℃で16時間振盪培養した。遠心分離(4℃、6000rpm、15分)で菌体を回収し、Plasmid精製キット(Qiagen)のプロトコルに従って精製を行い、イソプロパノール沈澱を行った。上清を廃棄しペレットを乾燥した後に、超純水55μLを加えて溶解した。プラスミドベクターの濃度を計測し、以降の実験に用いた。
pENTR/H1/TOベクター(インビトロジェン)に挿入するshRNAコード配列を含む一本鎖DNA、pENTR L7AerN Top strand(200μM、5’-CACCGGCATCAAGGTGAACTTCAGCTGCCCGAAAGGGCGTCATGCTGAAGTTCACCTTGATGCC-3’配列番号23)5μLと、その相補鎖を含む一本鎖DNA、pENTR L7AerN Bottom strand(200μM、5’-AAAAGGCATCAAGGTGAACTTCAGCATGACGCCCTTTCGGGCAGCTGAAGTTCACCTTGATGCC-3’配列番号24)を用いて、上述のようにpENTR/H1/TO-shRNA-BoxC/D-mut-GFPを合成、精製し、超純水55μLを加えて溶解した。プラスミドベクターの濃度を計測し、以降の実験に用いた。
pENTR/H1/TOベクター(インビトロジェン)に挿入するshRNAコード配列を含む一本鎖DNA、pENTR 481P Top strand(200μM、5’-CACCGGCATCAAGGTGAACTTCAAGATCCAGCATAGGGATCTTGAAGTTCACCTTGATGCC-3’配列番号26)5μLと、その相補鎖を含む一本鎖DNA、pENTR 481P Bottom strand(200μM、5’-AAAAGGCATCAAGGTGAACTTCAAGATCCCTATGCTGGATCTTGAAGTTCACCTTGATGCC-3’配列番号27)を用いて、上述のようにpENTR/H1/TO-shRNA-GFPを合成、精製し、超純水55μLを加えて溶解した。プラスミドベクターの濃度を計測し、以降の実験に用いた。
pENTR/H1/TOベクター(インビトロジェン)に挿入するshRNAコード配列を含む一本鎖DNA、pENTR Sk-7N Top strand(200μM、5’-CACCGCACTAGCGTATGAATGAAAGATCCAGCATAGGGATCTTTCATTCATACGCTAGTGC-3’配列番号29)5μLと、その相補鎖を含む一本鎖DNA、pENTR Sk-7N Bottom strand(200μM、5’-AAAAGCACTAGCGTATGAATGAAAGATCCCTATGCTGGATCTTTCATTCATACGCTAGTGC-3’配列番号30)を用いて、上述のようにpENTR/H1/TO-shRNA-GFP-mutを合成、精製し、超純水55μLを加えて溶解した。プラスミドベクターの濃度を計測し、以降の実験に用いた。
pET-28b+L7Ae(配列番号5)を鋳型DNA、BamHI-NdeI-NotI-L7Ae-primer(5’‐AAGGATCCATCATATGCGGCCGCTTATGTACGTGAGATTTGAGG‐3’)(配列番号32)、L7Ae-EcoRI-XhoI-primer(5’‐CACTCGAGTTGAATTCTCTTCTGAAGGCCTTTAATC‐3’)(配列番号33)をプライマーとして用いて PCRを行った。50μL反応液には、10ng/μL 鋳型DNA 2.5μL、各10μM DNAプライマー 1.5μL、2mM dNTPs 5μL、10×KOD‐PLUS‐buffer ver.2 5μL、25mM MgSO4 2μL、KOD‐PLUS‐DNA Polymerase 1μL、超純水31.5μLが混合してあり、反応は初めに94℃ 2分インキュベートした後、98℃ 10秒、55℃、30秒、68℃ 1分を36サイクルで行った。できたPCR産物はPCR Purification Kit(QIAGEN)を用いて、DNAを精製した。ただし溶出の際には30μLの超純水で溶出を行い、テンプレートとして制限酵素処理に用いた。テンプレート27μL、B Buffer(ROCHE)5μL、10U/μL BamH1(ROCHE)1μL、10U/μL XhoI(ROCHE)1μL、超純水16μL、を混合し、37℃で2時間反応させて制限酵素処理した。pcDNA3.1(+)myc His Aベクター(インビトロジェン)も1.6μg/μL pcDNAベクター 1.88μL、B Buffer 5μL、10U/μL BamH1 1μL、10U/μL XhoI1μL、超純水41.12μLを混合して同様に制限酵素処理した。これらの処理産物はPCR Purification Kit(QIAGEN)を用いて精製した。ただし溶出の際にはDNAを10μLの超純水に溶出した。
トランスフェクション前日にHeLa細胞を24wellプレートに、0.8×105cells/wellになるように捲種し、37℃のCO2インキュベーター内で培養した。翌日Lipofectamine2000(invitrogen)(商標)によりpENTR/H1/TO shRNA発現ベクターとpcDNA3.1‐AsRed2-L7Ae-myc-His6(配列番号40)、pcDNA3.1‐EGFP-myc-His6(配列番号41)のコトランスフェクションを行った。pENTRshRNA-GFP、pENTRshRNA-GFP mut、pENTRshRNA-BoxC/D-GFP、pENTRshRNA-BoxC/D mut-GFP 0.3μgに、pcDNA3.1‐AsRed2-L7Ae-myc-His6またはpcDNA3.1‐AsRed2-myc-His6(配列番号42)を、0.3μg、pcDNA3.1‐EGFP-myc-His6を、0.2μg加え、1サンプルにつき1.25μl Lipofectamine2000を加えた。これらのDNA-脂質複合体を室温で20分インキュベーションし、HeLa細胞用培地に滴下した。4時間後に培地交換を行った。24時間後に細胞の蛍光顕微鏡画像を蛍光顕微鏡(OLYMPUS IX-81)で取得し、AsRed2-L7Ae発現によるshRNA-Box C/D-GFPの機能抑制の観察を行った。
図12は、488nm付近の波長の励起光を当て、510-550nmの波長フィルターを通して得られたEGFPの蛍光画像である。図12において、各パネルの下の「+」は、蛍光強度が高いことを、「-」は蛍光強度が低いことを示す。この画像からAsRed2-L7AeによるshRNA-Box C/D-GFPのノックダウン機能抑制効果が示された。
L7AeによるRNAi抑制によるGFPのmRNA量の変化をReal time PCRにより測定した。
トランスフェクション前日にHeLa-GFP細胞を24wellプレートに、0.5×105cells/wellになるように捲種し、37℃のCO2インキュベーター内で培養した。翌日Lipofectamine2000(invitrogen)(商標)によりpENTR/H1/TO shRNA発現ベクターとpcDNA3.1‐L7Ae-myc-His6のコトランスフェクションを行った。pENTRshRNA-BoxC/D-GFP、pENTRshRNA-BoxC/D mut-GFP 0.8μgに、pcDNA3.1‐L7Ae-myc-His6を、各0、0.40、0.80μgを加え、1サンプルにつき2μl Lipofectamine2000を加えた。これらのDNA-脂質複合体を室温、20分インキュベーションを行い、細胞に滴下した。4時間後に培地交換を行った。
EGFPノックダウン用のshRNA-U1A-4(5’-GGCAUCAAGGUGAACUUCAGGGCGAAAGCCCUGAAGUUCACCUUGAUGCCAG-3’配列番号14)を設計した。shRNA-U1A-4は、5’末端から24塩基までが、実施例1で用いた、図5(A)に示すshRNA-GFPのパッセンジャー鎖と同一であり、これと2重鎖を形成するガイド鎖と、ハイブリダイゼーションしないループ構造GAAAを持つ。このshRNA-U1A-4はshRNA-GFPと同様の機能を持ち、ネガティブコントロールに用いた。また、shRNA-BoxC/D-GFP(配列番号9)は、実施例1で設計した、図5(C)のものを用いた。
[shRNA-U1A-4]
shRNA-U1A-4の鋳型一本鎖DNA、(100μM、5’-CTGGCATCAAGGTGAACTTCAGGGCTTTCGCCCTGAAGTTCACCTTGATGCCTATAGTGAGTCGTATTAGC-3’ 配列番号31)5.25μLと、T7 sense primer(配列番号4)5.25μL、を用いて、shRNA-BoxC/D-GFPと同様に転写合成と精製を行い、22μLの超純水に溶解して濃度を測定し、以降の実験に用いた。
[shRNA-BoxC/D-GFP]
実施例1に記載したin vitro合成法に従って製造した。
[L7Ae蛋白質の発現精製]
実施例1に記載した、大腸菌を用いたL7Ae蛋白質の発現精製に従って、製造した。
[蛍光顕微鏡観察によるL7Ae-shRNA複合体のRNAi抑制確認]
トランスフェクション前日にHeLa-GFP細胞を24wellプレートに、0.5×105cells/wellになるように捲種し、37℃のCO2インキュベーター内で培養した。尚、ここでのHeLa-GFP細胞株は、GFPをハイグロマイシン耐性で安定発現させたHeLa細胞であり、鈴木勉博士より譲り受けたものである。翌日、24wellの培地をOpti-MEM(invitrogen)500μlに交換した。同時に、Lipofectamine2000(invitrogen)(商標)によりshRNA-BoxC/D-GFPとL7Ae蛋白質の複合体をトランスフェクションで細胞導入した。10μM shRNA-BoxC/D-GFP 0.6μl、20μM L7Ae蛋白質 0μl、0.6μl、1.2μl、2.4μl、4.8μl、9.6μl、5×バインディングバッファ2μlを混合し、超純水を加えて10μlとした(L7Ae蛋白質9.6μlに関しては超純水を加えず12.2μlとした)。さらにOpti-MEM 40μl(L7Ae蛋白質9.6μlに関しては37.8μl)を加えて混合し、4℃で30分間静置して、RNA蛋白質複合体を形成させた。Opti-MEM 48μlと2μl Lipofectamine2000を混合し5分間室温で静置したものに、RNA蛋白質複合体溶液 50μlを加えて混合し、20分間室温で静置してRNA蛋白質-脂質複合体を形成させて、細胞に滴下した。4時間後にDMEM/F12 500μlに培地を交換した。shRNAを加えないもの(Mock)、及びshRNA-U1A-4についても、同様にL7Ae蛋白質と混合して、RNA蛋白質複合体を形成させ複合体をトランスフェクションで細胞導入した。
トランスフェクション45時間後に細胞の蛍光顕微鏡観察を行った。各サンプルにつき蛍光顕微鏡(OLYMPUS)で、倍率20倍、488nMの励起波長のセッティングとし、細胞内のGFPの蛍光を撮影した。同時に透過光でも細胞の位相差像を撮影した。蛍光画像と位相差画像を重ね合わせた画像を図10に示す。
トランスフェクション47時間後に、wellの培地を除去し、200μl Trypsine-EDTAで細胞をはく離し、200μl DMEM/F12を加えて懸濁した。細胞懸濁液をFACSチューブに移し、FACS Aria(BD)により解析を行った。なおFACSとは遊離した細胞を細い管に通過させる際、レーザー光線を当てて、その細胞から発生する蛍光の強弱を解析する方法である。ここでは、生細胞にゲーティングを行い10000個についてFITCを測定した。図11に、FACS解析による蛍光強度分布の結果を示す。結果よりL7Ae、shRNA-BoxC/D-GFPの複合体をトランスフェクションした細胞特異的に、GFP発現に回復が見られることが示された。このことから、L7Ae存在下で、BoxC/Dの配列特異的にRNAiが阻害されていることを示唆している。Mockでは、RNAiが生じないため、L7Ae濃度に依存することなくGFP発現が見られ、いっぽうshRNA-U1A-4では、RNAiが阻害されることがないため、L7Ae濃度に依存することなくGFP発現が抑制されている。
shRNA-BoxC/D-Bcl-xL(図13(B))および、shRNA-BoxC/D mut-Bcl-xL(図13(C))は、shRNA-BoxC/D-GFP、shRNA-BoxC/D mut-GFPの5’末端から21塩基までの二重鎖部位をBcl-xL遺伝子の365塩基目から385塩基目までの配列の二重鎖に置換して設計した。
[shRNA-BoxC/D-Bcl-xL(図13(B)(配列番号43))]
shRNAの鋳型DNA、shRNA-BoxC/D-BclxL template (100μM、5’-CTGCTTTGAACAGGTAGTGAATGATCACGCCCTTTCGGGTCACATTCACTACCTGTTCAAAGCTATAGTGAGTCGTATTAGC-3’(配列番号44))5.25μLと、T7 sense primer(100μM、5’-GCTAATACGACTCACTATA-3’(配列番号4)5.25μL、を用いて、shRNA-BoxC/D-GFPと同様に転写合成と精製を行い、22μLの超純水に溶解して濃度を測定し、以降の実験に用いた。
shRNAの鋳型DNA、shRNA-BoxC/D mut-BclxL template(100μM、5’-CTGCTTTGAACAGGTAGTGAATGATGACGCCCTTTCGGGCACATTCACTACCTGTTCAAAGCTATAGTGAGTCGTATTAGC-3’(配列番号46)5.25μLと、T7 sense primer(100μM、5’-GCTAATACGACTCACTATA-3’(配列番号4)5.25μL、を用いて、shRNA-BoxC/D-GFPと同様に転写合成と精製を行い、22μLの超純水に溶解して濃度を測定し、以降の実験に用いた。
shRNAの鋳型DNA、shRNA-Bcl-xL template(100μM、5’-CTGCTTTGAACAGGTAGTGAATGAACTCTATGCTAGTTCATTCACTACCTGTTCAAAGCTATAGTGAGTCGTATTAGC-3’(配列番号48)5.25μLと、T7 sense primer(100μM、5’-GCTAATACGACTCACTATA-3’(配列番号4)5.25μL、を用いて、shRNA-BoxC/D-GFPと同様に転写合成と精製を行い、22μLの超純水に溶解して濃度を測定し、以降の実験に用いた。
トランスフェクション前日にHeLa-GFP細胞を24wellプレートに、0.5×105cells/wellになるように捲種し、37℃のCO2インキュベーター内で培養した。翌日Lipofectamine2000(invitrogen)によりBcl-xL、発現ベクターとshRNAのコトランスフェクションを行った。pBcl-xL 0、または 0.4μgと10μM shRNA -Bcl-xLを混合し、 Opti-MEM I 培地(invitrogen)で50μlとした.その後1サンプルにつき1μl Lipofectamine2000に49μlのOpti-MEM I培地を加えて混合したものを加えた.これらのDNA-脂質複合体を、室温で20分インキュベーションし、Opti-MEM I培地を400μl加えて細胞に滴下した.4時間後に培地交換を行った。
shRNA-BoxC/D-Bcl-xL及びshRNA-BoxC/D mut-Bcl-xLのL7AeによるDicer切断阻害の確認は、GTS.inc社のRecombinant Human Dicer Enzyme Kitを用い、プロトコルに従って以下のように行った。まず、1μM shRNA、0.4μL、4μM、8μM L7Ae 2μL、10mM ATP 1μL、50mM MgCl2 0.5μL、Dicer Reaction Buffer (GTS.inc)4μL、0.5 unit/μL Recombinant Dicer Enzyme 2μL、超純水0.1μLを混合し、37℃で14時間反応させた。その後、2μL Dicer Stop Solutionを加えて混合し、この混合液のうち8μLに、5×色素液 2μLを加えて、非変性15%ポリアクリルアミド(1/30 ビスアクリルアミド)ゲルに重層し、4℃で50分間電気泳動を行った。泳動後、ゲルをSYBR Greenで染色し、FLA-7000(FUJI FILM)でバンドを確認した。図14に、in vitro再構成Dicer系を用いたshRNA-BoxC/D-Bcl-xL、及びshRNA-BoxC/D mut-Bcl-xLのL7AeによるDicer切断阻害の結果を示す。図14において、L7Aeの「-」は、L7Aeを用いなかった場合を示す。同様に、Dicerの「+」はDicerを用いた場合、「-」は、Dicerを用いなかった場合を示す。その結果、shRNA-BoxC/D-Bcl-xLとL7Aeが配列特異的に結合して、Dicerに切断されなくなることが示唆された。
[pENTR/H1/TO-shRNA-BoxC/D-Bcl-xL(配列番号49)の合成]
pENTR/H1/TOベクター(インビトロジェン)に挿入するshRNAコード配列を含む一本鎖DNA、BoxC/D Bcl-xL Top strand(200μM、5’-CACCGCTTTGAACAGGTAGTGAATGTGACCCGAAAGGGCGTGATCATTCACTACCTGTTCAAAGC-3’(配列番号50)5μLと、その相補鎖を含む一本鎖DNA、BoxC/D Bcl-xL Bottom strand(200μM、5’-AAAAGCTTTGAACAGGTAGTGAATGATCACGCCCTTTCGGGTCACATTCACTACCTGTTCAAAGC-3’(配列番号51)を用いて、上述のようにpENTR/H1/TO-shRNA-BoxC/D-Bcl-xLを合成、精製し、超純水55μLを加えて溶解した。プラスミドベクターの濃度を計測し、以降の実験に用いた。
pENTR/H1/TOベクター(インビトロジェン)に挿入するshRNAコード配列を含む一本鎖DNA、BoxC/D mut Bcl-xL Top strand(200μM、5’-CACCGCTTTGAACAGGTAGTGAATGTGCCCGAAAGGGCGTCATCATTCACTACCTGTTCAAAGC-3’(配列番号53)5μLと、その相補鎖を含む一本鎖DNA、BoxC/D mut Bcl-xL Bottom strand(200μM、5’-AAAAGCTTTGAACAGGTAGTGAATGATGACGCCCTTTCGGGCACATTCACTACCTGTTCAAAGC-3’(配列番号54)を用いて、上述のようにpENTR/H1/TO-BoxC/D mut-Bcl-xLを合成、精製し、超純水55μLを加えて溶解した。プラスミドベクターの濃度を計測し、以降の実験に用いた。
pENTR/H1/TOベクター(インビトロジェン)に挿入するshRNAコード配列を含む一本鎖DNA、Bcl-xL Top strand(200μM、5’-CACCGCTTTGAACAGGTAGTGAATGAACTAGCATAGAGTTCATTCACTACCTGTTCAAAGC-3’(配列番号56)5μLと、その相補鎖を含む一本鎖DNA、Bcl-xL Bottom strand(200μM、5’-AAAAGCTTTGAACAGGTAGTGAATGAACTCTATGCTAGTTCATTCACTACCTGTTCAAAGC-3’(配列番号57)を用いて、上述のようにpENTR/H1/TO-shRNA-Bcl-xLを合成、精製し、超純水55μLを加えて溶解した。プラスミドベクターの濃度を計測し、以降の実験に用いた。
ヒト癌培養細胞内でL7Ae蛋白質とshRNA-BoxC/D-Bcl-xLの結合によるBcl-xLのノックダウン制御を確認するために、RNA蛋白質複合体を細胞導入し、Bcl-xLの発現をウエスタンブロッティングで検出した。
ヒト癌培養細胞内でL7Ae蛋白質とshRNA-BoxC/D-Bcl-xLの結合によるBcl-xLのノックダウン制御を確認するために、Bcl-xL、L7Ae、shRNA、を発現するプラスミドを細胞内に共導入し、Bcl-xLの発現をウエスタンブロッティングで検出した。
アポトーシス促進蛋白質であるBim-ELと、アポトーシス抑制蛋白質であるBcl-xLは互いに拮抗作用し、相対的に量が多い方の蛋白質が細胞の運命に作用する。そこで、ヒト癌培養細胞内でL7Ae蛋白質とshRNA-BoxC/D-Bcl-xLの結合による、Bcl-xLのノックダウン制御を用いてBcl-xL発現量を制御し、Bim-ELに対するBcl-xLの相対量を変化させることで、細胞死を制御するという実験を行った。
Claims (10)
- 標的配列に対して相補的な配列を有するガイド鎖と、
該ガイド鎖と二本鎖を形成するパッセンジャー鎖と、
該ガイド鎖とパッセンジャー鎖とをつなぐリンカー鎖と
を備えるshRNAであって、
該リンカー鎖が、RNP由来の蛋白質結合モチーフ配列を備えるshRNA。 - 前記RNP由来の蛋白質結合モチーフ配列が、Box C/D配列である、請求項1に記載のshRNA。
- 請求項1または2に記載のshRNAと、
該shRNAの蛋白質結合モチーフ配列に特異的に結合するRNP由来の蛋白質と
を含んでなるRNAi制御システム。 - 請求項1または2に記載のshRNAを発現するベクターと、
該shRNAの蛋白質結合モチーフ配列に特異的に結合するRNP由来の蛋白質を発現するベクターと
を含んでなるRNAi制御システム。 - RNAiの制御方法であって、
請求項1または2に記載のshRNAと、該shRNAの蛋白質結合モチーフ配列に特異的に結合するRNP由来の蛋白質とを溶液中で接触させる工程と、
該shRNAと蛋白質とを含む溶液を、細胞内に導入する工程と
を含む方法。 - RNAiの細胞内制御方法であって、
細胞内に、請求項1または2に記載のshRNA、または該shRNAを発現するベクターを導入する工程と、
該細胞と同一の細胞内に、該shRNAの蛋白質結合モチーフ配列に特異的に結合するRNP由来の蛋白質、または該蛋白質を発現するベクターを導入する工程と
を含む方法。 - 細胞内で発現する蛋白質に応答するRNAi制御システムであって、
請求項1に記載のshRNAであって、RNP由来の蛋白質結合モチーフ配列が該細胞内で発現する蛋白質に特異的に結合する配列であるshRNA、または該shRNAを発現するベクターを含むシステム。 - 細胞内で発現する蛋白質に応答するRNAi制御方法であって、
細胞内に、請求項1に記載のshRNAであって、RNP由来の蛋白質結合モチーフ配列が該細胞内で発現する蛋白質に特異的に結合する配列であるshRNA、または該shRNAを発現するベクターを導入する工程を含む方法。 - 前記shRNAの標的配列が、Bcl-xLのmRNAである、請求項7に記載のRNAi制御システムであって、アポトーシス制御蛋白質を発現制御するRNAi制御システム。
- 請求項1に記載のshRNAを用いた人工蛋白質情報変換システムであって、前記RNP由来の蛋白質結合モチーフ配列に特異的に結合する蛋白質の情報を、前記shRNAの標的配列となるRNAによりコードされる蛋白質の情報に変換する、人工蛋白質情報変換システム。
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