WO2010065986A1 - A water heating system and a method of operating same - Google Patents
A water heating system and a method of operating same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010065986A1 WO2010065986A1 PCT/AU2009/001432 AU2009001432W WO2010065986A1 WO 2010065986 A1 WO2010065986 A1 WO 2010065986A1 AU 2009001432 W AU2009001432 W AU 2009001432W WO 2010065986 A1 WO2010065986 A1 WO 2010065986A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- water
- tank
- outlet
- inlet
- heater
- Prior art date
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 564
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 41
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title description 44
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 230000025508 response to water Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000589248 Legionella Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000007764 Legionnaires' Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
- F24H1/12—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium
- F24H1/121—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium using electric energy supply
- F24H1/122—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium using electric energy supply combined with storage tank
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
- F24D17/0026—Domestic hot-water supply systems with conventional heating means
- F24D17/0031—Domestic hot-water supply systems with conventional heating means with accumulation of the heated water
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
- F24D19/1051—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
- F24H15/174—Supplying heated water with desired temperature or desired range of temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
- F24H15/223—Temperature of the water in the water storage tank
- F24H15/225—Temperature of the water in the water storage tank at different heights of the tank
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
- F24H15/305—Control of valves
- F24H15/32—Control of valves of switching valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
- F24H15/335—Control of pumps, e.g. on-off control
- F24H15/34—Control of the speed of pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
- F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
- F24H15/36—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of burners
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
- F24H9/2014—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using electrical energy supply
- F24H9/2028—Continuous-flow heaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
- F24D2220/04—Sensors
- F24D2220/042—Temperature sensors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2240/00—Characterizing positions, e.g. of sensors, inlets, outlets
- F24D2240/26—Vertically distributed at fixed positions, e.g. multiple sensors distributed over the height of a tank, or a vertical inlet distribution pipe having a plurality of orifices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
- F24H15/128—Preventing overheating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
- F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
- F24H15/281—Input from user
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a water heating system and a method of operating same.
- the present invention has been primarily developed for use with gas instantaneous type water heaters and will be described hereinafter with reference to that application. However, the invention is not limited in this particular field of use and can also be used with electrical instantaneous-type heaters. In the United States of America, instantaneous-type water heaters are known as tank-less heaters.
- Known instantaneous type heaters have an inlet, connected to a mains water supply, and an outlet connected to, for example, a tap.
- the flow of water through the heater automatically energises the gas burners or electrical elements therein.
- This known arrangement has two disadvantages.
- the first disadvantage relates to water wastage.
- a user activates a hot water tap, the user must wait for the mains supplied water to be heated, and for all the unheated water in the pipes between the heater outlet and the tap to be purged, before receiving the heated water at the tap.
- the Australian Federal Government departments concerned with water conservation estimate that usage of this type in an average household occurs about 19 times a day and wastes up to 90 litres of water a day.
- the second disadvantage relates to two types of gas wastage.
- the first type of gas wastage occurs because, as mentioned above, known instantaneous type heaters ignite their burners upon sensing flow of water through the heater, caused by opening a hot water tap. In the case of a shower, the heater takes some time to come up to temperature and the cool-to-warm water delivered in the intervening heating period is often dumped to waste by the householder.
- the second type of gas wastage occurs because many users only turn on the hot tap when washing their hands, wash in the initial cold-to-lukewarm water, and then simply turn off the tap. In that situation, gas is used to solely go through a start up phase and heated water is left in the pipes, which then cools and is thus wasted.
- the present invention provides a hot water system comprising: a water storage tank having an inlet and outlet; and an instantaneous-type water heater having an inlet, in fluid communication with a mains water supply, and an outlet, in fluid communication with the inlet of the tank, wherein the water heater energises in response to a flow of water through the water heater.
- the tank is preferably insulated.
- the tank outlet is preferably in fluid communication with a user controlled valve, such as a tap.
- the present invention provides method of operating a hot water system, the method comprising: supplying mains water to an inlet of an instantaneous-type water heater; energising the instantaneous-type water heater in response to the water being supplied thereto; directing the heated water from an outlet of the instantaneous-type water heater to an inlet of a water storage tank; and directing the heated water from an outlet of the tank to a user controlled outlet.
- the present invention provides a hot water system comprising: a water storage tank having an inlet and outlet; an instantaneous-type water heater having an inlet, in fluid communication with a mains water supply, and an outlet, in fluid communication with the inlet of the tank; and a controller adapted to: receive a signal indicative of the temperature of the water in the tank; and issue a control signal to the water heater, wherein the controller is adapted to energise the water heater in response to the temperature signal indicating that the temperature of the water in the tank is substantially equal to or below a first predetermined value.
- the controller is preferably also adapted to not energise, or de-energise, the water heater in response to the temperature signal indicating that the temperature of the water in the tank is substantially equal to or above a second predetermined value.
- the controller is preferably also adapted to not energise, or de-energise, the water heater in response to the temperature signal indicating that the temperature of the water in the tank is substantially equal to or above the first predetermined value and substantially equal to or below the second predetermined value.
- the controller is preferably also adapted to issue control signals to the water heater which vary the amount of energy applied to the water therein and thus the temperature of the water leaving the water heater.
- the first predetermined temperature value is preferably about 55 Degrees C.
- the second predetermined temperature value is preferably about 75 Degrees C.
- the hot water system includes a first temperature sensor at or near the middle of the tank.
- the hot water system includes a first temperature sensor at or near the top of the tank and a second temperature sensor at or near the bottom of the tank and the controller is adapted to energise the water heater in response to the second temperature sensor indicating a temperature substantially equal to or below the first predetermined value.
- the controller is preferably also adapted to not energise, or de- energise, the water heater in response to the first temperature sensor indicating a temperature substantially equal to or above the second predetermined value.
- the controller is preferably also adapted to not energise, or de-energise, the water heater in response to the second temperature sensor indicating a temperature substantially equal to or above the first predetermined value and the first temperature sensor indicating a temperature substantially equal to or below the second predetermined value.
- the controller is preferably also adapted to issue control signals to the water heater which vary the amount of energy applied to the water therein and thus the temperature of the water leaving the water heater.
- the present invention provides a method of operating a hot water system, the method comprising: supplying mains water to an inlet of an instantaneous-type water heater; directing the water from an outlet of the instantaneous-type water heater to an inlet of a water storage tank; directing the water from an outlet of the tank to a user controlled outlet; monitoring the temperature of the water in the tank; and energising the instantaneous-type water heater in response heater in response to the temperature signal indicating that the temperature of the water in the tank is substantially equal to or below a first predetermined value.
- the method preferably includes not energising, or de-energising, the water heater in response to the temperature signal indicating that the temperature of the water in the tank is substantially equal to or above a second predetermined value.
- the method preferably includes not energising, or de-energising, the water heater in response to the temperature signal indicating that the temperature of the water in the tank is substantially equal to or above the first predetermined value and substantially equal to or below the second predetermined value.
- the first predetermined temperature value is preferably about 55 Degrees C.
- the second predetermined temperature value is preferably about 75 Degrees C.
- the present invention provides a hot water system comprising: a water storage tank having an inlet and outlet; an instantaneous-type water heater having an inlet, in fluid communication with a mains water supply, and an outlet, in fluid communication with the inlet of the tank, the water heater being adapted to energise in response to a flow of water through the water heater; and a diverter valve having: an inlet in fluid communication with the mains water supply; a first outlet in fluid communication with the inlet of the water heater; and a second outlet in fluid communication with the inlet of the tank; and a controller adapted to: receive signals indicative of the temperature of the water in the tank; and issue control signals to the valve, wherein, when the valve is actuated, the controller is adapted to control the diverter valve to direct water to the first outlet in response in response to the temperature signal indicating
- the first predetermined temperature value is preferably about 55 Degrees C.
- the second predetermined temperature value is preferably about 75 Degrees C.
- the hot water system includes a first temperature sensor at or near the top of the tank and a second temperature at or neat the bottom of the tank and, when the valve is actuated, the controller is adapted to control the diverter valve to direct water to the first outlet in response in response to the second temperature sensor indicating a temperature substantially equal to or below a predetermined value, and to direct water to the second outlet in response to the first temperature sensor indicating a temperature substantially equal to or above the predetermined value.
- the controller is preferably also adapted to issue control signals to the water heater which vary the amount of energy applied to the water therein and thus the temperature of the water leaving the water heater.
- the present invention provides a method of operating a hot water system, the method comprising: supplying mains water to an inlet of an instantaneous-type water heater or an inlet of a water storage tank; directing the water from an outlet of the tank to a user controlled outlet; monitoring the temperature of the water in the tank; and directing the mains water to the inlet of the instantaneous-type water heater in response in response to the temperature of the water in the tank being substantially equal to or below a predetermined value, and directing the mains water to the inlet of the water storage tank in response to the temperature of the water in the tank being substantially equal to or above the predetermined value.
- the present invention provides a hot water system comprising: a water storage tank having an inlet and outlet; and an instantaneous-type water heater having an inlet, in fluid communication with a mains water supply, and an outlet, in fluid communication with the inlet of the tank, the water heater being adapted to energise in response to a flow of water through the water heater; and a first pump having an inlet, in fluid communication with an additional outlet of the tank, and an outlet, in fluid communication with the inlet of the water heater; and a controller adapted, upon user instruction, to energise the pump and cause water to direct water from the outlet of the water heater to the inlet of the tank and from the second outlet of the tank to the inlet of the water heater, in order to heat the water in the tank.
- the controller is adapted to vary the speed of the pump, so as to vary the dwell time of the water passing through the heater and thus the temperature of the water at the outlet of the heater.
- the additional outlet of the tank is preferably at or near the top of the tank and the second inlet of the tank is preferably at or near the bottom of the tank.
- the additional outlet of the tank is at near the top of the tank and the tank inlet is at or near the middle of the tank.
- the present invention provides a method of operating a hot water system, the method comprising: energising a pump to direct water from into the inlet of an instantaneous-type water heater; energising the instantaneous-type water heater in response to water flow therethrough; directing the heated water from the outlet of the instantaneous-type water heater to the inlet of a water storage tank; and directing the water from an outlet of the tank to the inlet of the instantaneous- type water heater, whereby the water in the tank can, upon user instruction, be circulated through the instantaneous-type water heater to heat the water in the tank.
- the method preferably also comprises varying the speed of the pump, so as to vary the dwell time of the water passing through the heater and thus the temperature of the heated water at the outlet of the heater.
- the present invention provides a hot water system comprising: a water storage tank having first and second inlets and first, second and third outlets; an instantaneous-type water heater having an inlet, in fluid communication with the first outlet of the tank, and an outlet, the water heater being adapted to energise in response to a flow of water through the water heater; a first pump having an inlet, in fluid communication with the outlet of the water heater, and an outlet, in fluid communication with the first inlet of the tank; a second pump having an inlet, in fluid communication with the mains water supply and the second outlet of the tank, and an outlet; at least one solar panel having an inlet, in fluid communication with the outlet of the second pump, and an inlet, in fluid communication the second inlet of the tank; and a controller selectively adapted to energise the first and/or the second pump and cause water to circulate between the water heater and the tank and/or between the at least one solar panel and the tank respectively.
- the first outlet of the tank is preferably at or near the top of the tank.
- the second outlet of the tank is preferably at or near the bottom of the tank.
- the third outlet of the tank is preferably at or near the top of the tank.
- the first inlet of the tank is
- IN ⁇ DRPDR ⁇ TFn RY RFFFRFNCF fRI II F 20 R ⁇ preferably at or near the middle of the tank.
- the second inlet of the tank is preferably at or near the middle of the tank.
- the present invention provides a method of operating a hot water system, the method comprising: energising a first pump to direct water from into the inlet of an instantaneous- type water heater; energising the instantaneous-type water heater in response to water flow therethrough; directing the heated water from the outlet of the instantaneous-type water heater to the inlet of a water storage tank; directing the water from an outlet of the tank to the inlet of the instantaneous- type water heater; energising a second pump to direct water into the inlet of at least one solar panel; directing the heated water from an outlet of the at least one solar panel to an inlet of a water storage tank; and directing the water from an outlet of the tank to the inlet of the at least one solar panel, whereby the water in the tank can be circulated through the instantaneous-type water heater and/or the at least one solar panel to heat the water in the tank when required.
- the present invention provides a hot water system comprising: a water storage tank having first and second inlets and first and second outlets; an instantaneous-type water heater having an inlet and an outlet, in fluid communication with the first inlet of the tank, the water heater being adapted to energise in response to a flow of water through the water heater; a pump having an inlet, in fluid communication with the first outlet of the tank and with a mains water supply, and an outlet; a diverter valve having: an inlet in fluid communication with the outlet of the pump; a first outlet in fluid communication with the inlet of the water heater; and a second outlet; at least one solar panel having an inlet, in fluid communication with the second outlet of the diverter valve, and an outlet, in fluid communication the second inlet of the tank; and a controller adapted to selectively energise the second pump and to control the diverter valve to direct water to the first outlet to circulate water between the water heater and the tank or to direct water to the second outlet to circulate
- the first outlet of the tank is preferably at or near the top of the tank.
- the second outlet of the tank is preferably at or near the bottom of the tank.
- the first inlet of the tank is preferably at or near the top of the tank.
- the second inlet of the tank is preferably at or near the middle of the tank.
- the present invention provides a method of operating a hot water system, the method comprising: energising a pump; directing water from an outlet of the pump into: ( 1 ) an inlet of an instantaneous-type water heater; energising the instantaneous-type water heater in response to a flow of water through the heater; directing the heated water from the outlet of the instantaneous-type water heater to the inlet of a water storage tank; and/or (2) directing the water from the outlet of the pump to an inlet at least one solar panel; directing the heated water from an outlet of the at least one solar panel to an inlet of a water storage tank; and directing the water from an outlet of the tank to the inlet of the at least one solar panel, whereby the water in the tank can be circulated through the instantaneous-type water heater and/or the at least one solar panel to heat the water in the tank when required.
- the systems according to the second to twelfth aspects preferably include at least one water tank temperature sensor in signal communication with the controller.
- the system includes a first water tank temperature sensor near the top of the tank and a second water tank temperature sensor near the bottom of the tank.
- the system also includes a third water tank temperature sensor near the middle of the tank.
- the controller is preferably adapted to determine a temperature gradient across the height of the .tank using at least two, more preferably three, of the first, second and third temperature sensors.
- Figure 1 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of a water heating system
- Figure 2a is a schematic view of a first version of a second embodiment of a water heating system
- Figure 2b is a schematic view of a second version of the second embodiment of a water heating system
- Figure 3 is a schematic view of a third embodiment of a water heating system
- Figure 4 is a schematic view of a fourth embodiment of a water heating system
- Figure 5 is a schematic view of a fifth embodiment of a water heating system
- Figure 6 is a schematic view of a sixth embodiment of a water heating system
- Figure 7 is a schematic view of a seventh embodiment of a water heating system.
- Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a water heating system 10 comprising a gas instantaneous-type water heater 12, preferably of 4, 5 or 6-Star rating.
- the burners in the heater 12 are automatically energised upon sensing flow of water through the heater 12.
- the system 10 also includes a (buffer) water storage tank 14, preferably 4 - 50 litres in volume.
- the tank 14 is encased in insulation 16.
- the heater 12 has an inlet 18 and an outlet 20.
- the tank 14 has an inlet 22 and an outlet 24.
- the inlet 18 of the heater 12 is connected to a mains water supply pipe 26.
- the outlet of the heater 12 is connected to the inlet 22 of the tank 14 by a pipe 28.
- the outlet 24 of the tank 14 is connected to a user- controlled outlet device, such as a hot tap (not shown), by a pipe 30.
- the system 10 also avoids wasting of the gas used that would have been used whilst the user is waiting. This effect can be optimized by positioning the tank (or multiple tanks) near the user-controlled outlets (or outlets). Whilst the tank 14 does not require the insulation 16, the insulation 16 improves the retention of the energy supplied to the heated water in the tank 14. It should also be noted that the flow rate of the water leaving the tank 14 is limited by the capacity of the heater 12 to pass water under mains pressure.
- a first version 40a of a second embodiment of water heating system is shown in
- the water heating system 40a is similar to the water heating system 10 shown in Fig. 1 and like features have been indicated with like reference numerals. However, the water heating system 40a also includes a controller 42.
- the controller 42 receives signals indicative of water temperature in the (4 - 50 litre) tank 14 from a sensor 44 which is positioned near the middle of the tank 14.
- the controller 42 is also connected to the heater 12 and is able to control whether or not the heater 12 is energised in response to water flow. As the heater 12 does not energise automatically in response to water flow, it can be simplified and is thus less expensive.
- the controller 42 will energise the heater 12. If the sensor 44 indicates to the controller 42 a water temperature of about 55 Degrees C or less, then the controller 42 will energise the heater 12. If the sensor 44 indicates to the controller 42 a water temperature between about 55 Degrees C and about 75 Degrees C, then the controller 42 will not energise the heater 12 or, if operating, de- energise the heater 12.
- a second version 40b of the second embodiment of water heating system is shown in Fig. 2b, which is better suited for tank volumes of 50 - 400 litres.
- the water heating system 40b is similar to the water heating system 40a shown in Fig. 2 and like features have been indicated with like reference numerals.
- the controller receives signals indicative of water temperature in the tank 14 from first and second sensors 44a and 44b, which are positioned near the top and bottom of the tank 14 respectively.
- the controller 42 will energise the heater 12. If the first/top sensor 44a indicates to the controller 42 a water temperature of about 75 Degrees C or more, then the controller 42 will not energise the heater 12 or, if operating, de-energise the heater 12. If the second/bottom sensor 44b indicates to the controller 42 a water temperature of about 55 Degrees C or more and the first/top sensor 44a indicates to the controller 42 a water temperature of about 75 Degrees C or less, then the controller 42 will not energise the heater 12 or, if operating, de-energise the heater 12.
- the dual sensors 44a and 44b increase the sensitivity and accuracy of the control of the s water heater 40b.
- Fig. 3 shows a third embodiment of a water heating system 50.
- the water heating system 50 is similar to the water heating systems 40a and 40b shown in Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b and like features have been indicated with like reference numerals.
- the controller 42 is also connected to a pump 52.
- the tank 14 also includes an additional outlet 54 which is connected to an inlet 56 of the pumps 52 by a pipe 58.
- An outlet 60 of the pump 52 is connected to the mains water supply pipe 26 by a pipe 62.
- the controller 42 will energise the heater 12. If the first/top sensor 44a indicates to the controller 42 a water temperature of about0 75 Degrees C or more, then the controller 42 will not energise the heater 12 or, if operating, de-energise the heater 12. If the second/bottom sensor 44b indicates to the controller 42 a water temperature of about 55 Degrees C or more and the first/top sensor 44a indicates to the controller 42 a water temperature of about 75 Degrees C or less, then the controller 42 will not energise the heater 12 or, if operating, de-energise the heater 12.
- controller 42 can, in response to a user instruction, energise the heater 12 and the pump 52 and cause water to circulate between the tank 14 and the heater 12 in order to pre-heat the volume of the tank 14. This is a particularly desirable feature for tanks 14 having relatively large storage volumes, such as 50 - 400 litres.
- the controller 42 determines if the water in the tank 14 has0 cooled, either due to usage or due to heat loss, and advantageously reacts accordingly.
- This embodiment also allows the entire volume of the tank 14 to be pre-heated on demand (for example, to stabilize water temperature in the tank 14) and then supplied at mains supply flow rates (for example, to fill a bath). This is advantageous in many situations as mains supply flow rates are higher than those of instantaneous-type heaters.
- the speed of the pump 52 is dependant on the desired outlet temperature of the heater 12.
- the desired heater outlet temperature is dependent on the design of the heater 12 and incoming water temperature.
- the pump speed is set relatively slow to increase the dwell time of the water and maximize the efficiency of the heat transfer rates in the heater 12.
- the speed of the pump 52 would be increased to maximize heat transfer in the heater 12.
- Ambient air temperature will also affect pump speed, but to a lesser degree.
- the controller 42 can also vary the speed of the pump 52 in order to vary and control the dwell time of the water passing through the heater 12 and thus its resultant temperature.
- controlling the speed of the pump 52 can be used to influence the amount of mixing (stratification) and temperature degradation of the water in the tank 14.
- a very high flow rate such as 12 litres per minute
- a relatively slow flow rate such as 5 litres per minute
- the heated water not substantially mixing with the water already in the tank 14 and instead forming stratifications or layers within the tank 14.
- the hottest water in the tank 14 is advantageously nearest to the outlet 24, and thus the user. Controlling the water temperature by simply controlling the pump speed allows the cost of the water heating system 50 to be reduced as the relatively expensive control electronics required to, for example, regulate water heating by varying gas flow, flame intensity and/or flame size are no longer required.
- the heater 12 can instead be run at a constant (high efficiency) heat level and merely be switched on or off.
- a fourth embodiment of a water heating system 70 is shown in Fig. 4.
- the water heating system 70 is similar to the water heating systems 40a and 40b shown in Fig. 2a and Fig 2b except the controller 42 is connected to a diverter valve 72.
- the valve 72 includes an inlet 72a connected to the mains water supply pipe 26, a first outlet 72b, connected to the inlet 18 of the water heater 12 by pipe 74, and a second outlet 72c, connected to the pipe 28 and thus to the inlet 22 of the pump 14 by a pipe 76.
- the controller 42 can control the valve 72 to direct water from the mains supply pipe 26 from the inlet 72a to either the first outlet 72b or to the second outlet 72c.
- the heater 12 automatically energises upon sensing a flow of water therethrough.
- the controller 42 will control the valve 72 to divert water from the main supply 76 to the first outlet 72b and so to the inlet 18 of the water heater 12.
- the heater 12 automatically energises upon sensing a flow of water therethrough caused by, for example, a user opening a hot water tap.
- the controller 42 controls the valve 72 to direct water from the mains supply 26 to the second outlet 72c and thereby directly to the inlet 22 of the tank 14.
- the controller 42 when the controller 42 senses that the water in the tank 14 is sufficiently heated, it controls the valve 72 to direct water from the mains supply 26 to the second outlet 72c and thereby to the inlet 22 of the tank 14. As a result, these water volumes do not pass through the water heater 12 which is therefore not energised and gas usage is reduced.
- Water usage is also reduced in the same manner as was described in relation to the water heating systems 40a and 40b.
- the water heater 70 also has the additional advantage that a very simple and inexpensive heater 12 can be utilized, without control components, as it simply automatically energises and operates at full capacity upon sensing a flow of water therethrough.
- a fifth embodiment of a water heating system 80 is shown in Fig. 5.
- the water heating system 80 has components in common with the water heating system shown in earlier embodiments and like features have again been indicated with like reference numerals.
- the water heating system 80 has a gas (instantaneous-type) water heating circuit, indicated generally by the reference numeral 82, and a solar water heating circuit, indicated generally by the reference numeral 84.
- the gas circuit 82 includes a pump 84 having an inlet 86, connected to the outlet 20 of the water heater 12 by pipe 88, and an outlet 90, connected to an inlet 92 at about the middle of the tank 14.
- the tank 14 also includes an additional outlet 94 connected to the inlet 18 of the heater 12 by pipe 96.
- the solar circuit 84 includes a solar panel 98 and a pump 100.
- the outlet 102 of the pump 100 is connected to an inlet 104 of the solar panel 98 by a pipe 106.
- the solar panel 98 also has an outlet 108 connected to an additional inlet 110 of the tank 14 by pipe 112.
- the pump 100 also has an inlet 114 connected to an outlet 116 by pipe 118.
- the mains water supply pipe 26 is Tee'd into the pipe 118.
- the system 80 also includes a third temperature sensor 44c near the middle of the tank 14 and a fourth temperature sensor 44d at the outlet of the solar panel 98. Both of the sensors 44c and 44d are connected to the controller
- the controller When the controller energises the first pump 84, water is circulated between the upper portion of the tank 14 and the water heater 12 in order to pre-heat same.
- the controller 42 When the controller 42 energises the second pump 100, and sufficient solar energy is available, water is circulated between the bottom portion of the tank 14 and the solar panel 98 in order to pre-heat same.
- the controller 42 determines when one or both of the pumps 84 and 100 are activated in order to best suit different expected demands.
- the controller 42 will always to attempt to heat the water using solar energy over gas energy. More particularly, if the temperature at the sensor 44d is more than about 4 Degrees C than the temperature at the sensor 44c, then the controller 42 will energise the second pump 100 (of the solar circuit 84).
- the controller 42 will keep the second pump 102 energised unless there is less than about a 4 Degree C difference between the sensor 44d and the sensor 44b or if the sensor 44a indicates a water temperature of 80 Degrees C or more.
- a temperature of 80 Degrees C is acceptable in the lower part of the tank 14 as the heat will redistribute into the upper half of the tank if hot water is not being used.
- the controller 42 will energise the pump 90 (of the gas circuit 82).
- the controller 42 will de-energise the pump 90 if the first/top sensor 44a indicates a water temperature of about 75 Degrees C or more. If the third/middle sensor 44c indicates to the controller 42 a water temperature of 55 Degrees C or more and the first/top sensor 44a indicates a water temperature of about 75 Degrees C or less, then the controller will not energise, or de-energise, the pump 90. If the sensor 44a indicates a water temperature of about 80 Degrees C or more, then both the first pump 90 and the second pump 102 are de-energised, to prevent overheating.
- controller 42 can, in response to a user instruction, energise the heater 12 and the pump 90 and cause water to circulate between the tank 14 and the heater 12 in order to pre-heat or stabilize the volume of the tank 14. This is a particularly desirable feature for tanks 14 having relatively large storage volumes, such as 50-400 litres.
- a sixth embodiment of a water heating system 120 is shown in Fig. 6.
- the water heating system 120 is similar to the water heating system 80 shown in Fig. 5 and like components are indicated with like reference numerals.
- the water heating system 120 includes only a single pump 122 and a diverter valve 124 which has an inlet 126, a first outlet 128 and a second outlet 130.
- the pump 122 When the controller 42 determines that water should be circulated through the gas circuit 82, the pump 122 is energized and the diverter valve 124 is controlled to divert water from the inlet 126 to the first outlet 128 and so to the inlet 18 of the water heater 12 by pipe 132.
- the heated water leaves the outlet 20 of the heater 12 and is supplied to an inlet 134 of the tank 14 by pipe 136.
- Water is drawn from an outlet 138 of the tank through pipe 140 into an inlet 142 of the pump 122.
- the pump also has an outlet 144 connected to the inlet 126 of the diverter valve 124 by pipe 146.
- the pump 122 When the controller 42 determines that water should be circulated through the solar circuit 84, the pump 122 is energized and the diverter valve 124 is controlled to divert water from the inlet 126 to the second outlet 130.
- the second outlet 130 is connected to the inlet 104 of the solar panel 98 by pipe 148.
- the outlet 108 of the solar panel 98 is connected to an inlet 150 of the tank 14 by pipe 152.
- the controller 42 will always to attempt to heat the water using solar energy over gas energy. More particularly, if the temperature at the sensor 44d is more than about 4 Degrees C than the temperature at the sensor 44c, then the controller 42 will divert water through the solar circuit 84.
- the controller 42 will keep water flowing through the solar circuit 84 unless there is less that about a 4 Degree C difference between the sensor 44d and the sensor 44b or if the sensor 44a indicates a water temperature of 85 Degrees C or more.
- a temperature of 85 Degrees C is acceptable in the lower part of the tank 14 as the heat will redistribute into the upper half of the tank if hot water is not being used.
- the controller 42 will divert water through the gas circuit.
- the controller 42 will de-energise the pump 122 if the first/top sensor 44a indicates a water temperature of about 75 Degrees C or more. If the third/middle sensor 44c indicates to the controller 42 a water temperature of 55 Degrees C or more and the first/top sensor 44a indicates a water temperature of about 75 Degrees C or less, then the controller will divert water through the solar circuit 84.
- the controller 42 can, in response to a user instruction, energise the heater 12 and the pump 122 and cause water to circulate between the tank 14 and the heater 12 in order to pre-heat or stabilize the volume of the tank 14.
- This is a particularly desirable feature for tanks 14 having relatively large storage volumes, such as 50-400 litres.
- It can also be desirable, because of regulations, to sterilise the tank 14 from time to time (e.g. for legionella control). For some authorities, this can be performed using the gas circuit 82 until the top and middle sensors 44a and 44c indicate 60 degrees C or more. Alternatively, for other authorities, this can be performed using the gas circuit 82 until the top and bottom sensors 44a and 44b (ie.
- Fig. 7 shows a seventh embodiment of a water heating system 160.
- the system 160 is similar to the system 120 shown in Fig. 6 and like components have been indicated with like reference numerals.
- the diverter valve 124 also has a third outlet 162 which is connected to a pipe 164 which can drain to atmosphere, or for collection for re-use. If the controller 42 determines that the ambient temperature is cold enough to freeze water in the solar panel 98 and damage same, then the diverter valve 124 is controlled to direct water from the inlet 126 to the third outlet 162. This causes the water in the solar panel 98 to empty through pipe 164. Draining can also be performed to prevent over-heating of the solar panel 98.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NZ586586A NZ586586A (en) | 2008-12-09 | 2009-11-03 | A water heating system with an instantaneous heater and a water tank where mains water is directed to the water heater or the storage tank depending on the temperature of the water |
JP2011538795A JP2012511131A (en) | 2008-12-09 | 2009-11-03 | Water heater system and operating method thereof |
CN2009801047661A CN101946130A (en) | 2008-12-09 | 2009-11-03 | Water heating system and method for operating thereof |
US12/812,094 US20110305444A1 (en) | 2008-12-09 | 2009-11-03 | Water heating system and a method of operating same |
AU2009326843A AU2009326843A1 (en) | 2008-12-09 | 2009-11-03 | A water heating system and a method of operating same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2008906352A AU2008906352A0 (en) | 2008-12-09 | A water heating system and a method of operating same | |
AU2008906352 | 2008-12-09 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2010065986A1 true WO2010065986A1 (en) | 2010-06-17 |
Family
ID=42242232
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AU2009/001432 WO2010065986A1 (en) | 2008-12-09 | 2009-11-03 | A water heating system and a method of operating same |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20110305444A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2012511131A (en) |
CN (2) | CN101946130A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2009326843A1 (en) |
NZ (4) | NZ601603A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010065986A1 (en) |
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WO2013131129A1 (en) * | 2012-03-06 | 2013-09-12 | Dux Manufacturing Limited | A water heating system |
GB2507303A (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2014-04-30 | James Murphy | Solar energy system comprising a barrier |
WO2017133834A1 (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2017-08-10 | KAMAX GmbH | Method and device for controlling the supply of thermal energy to the storage tank of a heating system |
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- 2009-11-03 CN CN201310499097.0A patent/CN103604208B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-11-03 US US12/812,094 patent/US20110305444A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-11-03 NZ NZ601597A patent/NZ601597A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-11-03 JP JP2011538795A patent/JP2012511131A/en active Pending
- 2009-11-03 WO PCT/AU2009/001432 patent/WO2010065986A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-11-03 AU AU2009326843A patent/AU2009326843A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2009326843A1 (en) | 2010-06-17 |
US20110305444A1 (en) | 2011-12-15 |
JP2012511131A (en) | 2012-05-17 |
CN101946130A (en) | 2011-01-12 |
CN103604208B (en) | 2016-03-30 |
NZ601602A (en) | 2012-11-30 |
NZ586586A (en) | 2012-09-28 |
CN103604208A (en) | 2014-02-26 |
NZ601597A (en) | 2012-10-26 |
NZ601603A (en) | 2012-11-30 |
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