WO2010060369A1 - 弹性体扬声器箱系统 - Google Patents

弹性体扬声器箱系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010060369A1
WO2010060369A1 PCT/CN2009/075087 CN2009075087W WO2010060369A1 WO 2010060369 A1 WO2010060369 A1 WO 2010060369A1 CN 2009075087 W CN2009075087 W CN 2009075087W WO 2010060369 A1 WO2010060369 A1 WO 2010060369A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
speaker
box
speaker box
elastomeric
sound
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Application number
PCT/CN2009/075087
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
蓝秋玲
Original Assignee
东莞市共谐电子科技有限公司
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Application filed by 东莞市共谐电子科技有限公司 filed Critical 东莞市共谐电子科技有限公司
Priority to JP2011600044U priority Critical patent/JP3172760U/ja
Priority to US13/127,390 priority patent/US20110216933A1/en
Publication of WO2010060369A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010060369A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2811—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2815—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements of the bass reflex type
    • H04R1/2819—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements of the bass reflex type for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2838—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements of the bandpass type
    • H04R1/2842—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements of the bandpass type for loudspeaker transducers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of audio, and more particularly to a speaker box system. Background technique
  • the conventional structure of the speaker box body plate on the market is designed with a rigid and hard material such as wood material. , particleboard, fiberboard, plywood, natural stone, artificial stone, marble, concrete, and plexiglass, etc., the reason for using these materials, from the perspective of acoustic performance, is that the speaker box does not vibrate, the material itself does not excite resonance, especially High-order harmonics are suppressed, so that sounds do not interfere with each other, sound is reduced, and the purity of the sound is improved.
  • the design of the conventional box is large due to the rigidity of the box wall, the hardness is large, and the inelasticity is only used for sound insulation and prevention. For short circuits.
  • the material with high rigidity and hardness has its own physical properties, which determines that the internal damping of the material is small, the absorption sound wave is small, and the velocity of the sound wave propagates inside it.
  • the fabricated box will excite high-frequency excitation vibration.
  • the unharmonic sound causes the sounds from the speakers to interfere with each other, and the sound becomes turbid and unclear.
  • This is one;
  • the speaker box and its system low-frequency response design there are currently two main design forms, one is a closed box , the second is the opening box:
  • the box cavity is sealed.
  • the sound box of the chamber has a large force and small cisness.
  • the lowest resonance frequency Fc of the box is higher than the resonant frequency of the speaker unit in free space.
  • the low frequency is extended by the combination of the cabinets.
  • the traditional open-hole box has an acoustic guide hole on the closed box.
  • the sound quality of the duct is changed, and the low-frequency radiated sound wave is adjusted. Since the sound guide hole is opened in the box body, the hole hole not only conveys the sound output of the low frequency end, but also brings the wind noise, the resonance interference and the standing wave sound dyed by the resonant reflection of the inside of the speaker body, which will cause The low frequency sound is not clear.
  • the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an elastomer speaker cabinet system that expands the low frequency characteristics while improving the purity of the sound.
  • an elastomer speaker cabinet system comprising a speaker box, a speaker unit, a baffle plate and a bottom plate, the speaker box being made of an elastomer material, the tube wall being bent Forming a corrugated tubular box, the wall of the tube is preferably all bent, and of course, it may be partially bent, so that the speaker box body has elasticity and can be freely telescopically moved, and the elastic material is preferably elastic soft rubber, of course, foam plastic, Other elastomer composite materials, such as an elastomer composite material, the baffle plate is preferably made of wood board or plastic, and of course, other materials may be used.
  • the speaker unit is fixedly mounted on the baffle plate, and the speaker box body is fixed at one end.
  • the other end of the baffle is closed by the bottom plate, so that the speaker unit, the speaker box and the bottom plate together form a closed box system, and the bottom plate is mainly used for closing the speaker box to form a closed box system, and at the same time, adjusting the speaker box when needed
  • the resonance frequency and the radiation sound pressure can effectively change the resonance frequency and the radiation sound pressure value of the cabinet by controlling the mass, size and material of the base plate.
  • the material is preferably metal iron or paper material. Or rubber, plastic, etc., of course, can also be integrated with the speaker box.
  • the longitudinal section of the speaker box wall is preferably bent into a wave shape or a zigzag shape, such as a sine wave or a cosine wave, and may of course be a square wave, a trapezoidal wave, a triangular wave or the like.
  • a small air hole can be opened in the speaker box wall, and the air opening hole is mainly for adjusting the force of the sound chamber of the box body, and simultaneously changing the resonance point of the box body to expand the low frequency, because the sound quality in the hole is small, the radiation of the hole
  • the sound wave action is extremely weak, so the standing wave sound formed by the reflected wave radiated by the hole can be neglected, ensuring the purity of the bass.
  • the gas can be exhausted through the compression box, so that the volume of the box is greatly reduced, which is convenient for packaging and carrying.
  • the shape of the speaker box is preferably cylindrical, and of course, it may be a plurality of tubes such as a square tube, a triangular tube, a cone tube or a barrel, or a combination of two or more tubular structures of different shapes and sizes.
  • the speaker unit is preferably mounted and fixed to the baffle by bonding or screwing.
  • the speaker box is preferably mounted and fixed to the baffle by means of a bonding or bolting means.
  • the baffle plate may also have a box structure.
  • the volume of the sound chamber of the box body can be changed, the nonlinear distortion is reduced, and the low frequency response is extended to the low end to improve the low frequency.
  • An inverted phase tube may also be disposed in the box structure baffle.
  • the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: 1.
  • the box body of the invention has the spring-like performance, combined with the sounding and vibration force of the speaker unit, compresses and expands the air in the cavity, and the speaker box is stored by the deformation of the elastomer material. And release energy, using the good elastic displacement value and linear steady-state restoring force of the corrugated tubular box, driving the elastic box telescopic motion to generate resonance, the box sounding radiator, radiating sound waves, using sound waves to propagate in the elastomer material
  • the material has the acoustic properties of sound absorption, sound transmission and reflection sound.
  • the sound wave radiated behind the speaker unit is an elastic wave, which is characterized by the slower speed of the elastic wave in the corrugated tubular elastomer.
  • the sound of the box is larger, the volume of the cavity is increased, the nonlinear distortion is reduced, the low frequency response is extended to the lower end, the purity of the sound is improved, and the bass performance is improved.
  • the box wall is The bending of the waveform or the zigzag shape and the high damping internal loss of the elastomer material are not easy to excite the physical characteristics of the high frequency resonance, and can absorb and effectively absorb the reflected wave in the acoustic cavity, thereby improving the purity of the sound; Closed box design, the air in the sound box cavity is isolated from the outside, the vibration of the speaker diaphragm will cause repeated compression and expansion of the air in the cavity. 1)
  • the elastic speaker box has elasticity, and the material is soft rubber or other elasticity.
  • the traditional speaker cabinet is made of hard and rigid wood or hard plastic, stone and plexiglass, and the speaker unit is fixedly mounted on the box body, and the force acts on the box body without generating telescopic motion radiation low frequency.
  • the closed box design of the elastomer speaker cabinet system the force generated by the diaphragm of the speaker acts on the elastic box, radiates low frequency sound waves to extend the low frequency response, and improves the bass effect.
  • the force generated by the diaphragm of the speaker directly acts on the hard box to generate high-frequency noise, which affects the purity of the sound.
  • 3) Elastomeric speaker box system closed box design because the elastic box participates in resonance, the impedance response characteristic of the closed box system has two resonance peaks, which can adjust the tuning frequency of the box, lower than the resonant frequency of the speaker unit, and expand The low frequency, and the traditional closed box has only one resonance peak, and the cabinet tuning frequency is higher than the resonance frequency of the speaker unit, and the low frequency cannot be extended.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic external view of a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional structural view of a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a force diagram of the symbolic mechanical system of the elastomer speaker cabinet
  • Figure 6 is a mechanical circuit diagram of the elastomer speaker cabinet of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing impedance characteristics of an elastomer speaker cabinet system and a speaker unit
  • FIG. 8 is a graph showing impedance characteristics of a conventional speaker box closing system and a speaker unit
  • FIG. 9 is an elastomer speaker cabinet system and a conventional embodiment of the present invention. Comparison chart of impedance characteristic curves of speaker closed box system;
  • Figure 10 shows the sound pressure characteristics of the elastomer speaker cabinet system and the traditional speaker closure system of the present invention. Curve comparison chart;
  • Figure 11a is a schematic view showing a trapezoidal wave in the longitudinal section 2 of the speaker box wall
  • Figure lib speaker box wall longitudinal section 2 is a schematic diagram of a triangular wave
  • Figure 11c is a schematic view showing a longitudinal section 2 of the speaker box wall in a sinusoidal waveform
  • Figure lid is a schematic view of the longitudinal section of the speaker box wall 2 in a sawtooth waveform
  • Figure lie is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section of the speaker box wall in a square waveform
  • FIGS. 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e are schematic diagrams of various shapes of tubular speaker boxes.
  • Figures 13a, 13b, and 13c are schematic views of various shapes of box structure baffles;
  • Figures 14a and 14b are schematic views of an elastomeric speaker box system with two speaker cabinets. detailed description
  • the elastomer speaker cabinet system comprises a speaker unit 1, a speaker box 2, a bottom plate 4, and a baffle 5, and the speaker box 2 is made of a corrugated tubular body made of an elastomer material.
  • the longitudinal section of the pipe wall is bent into a wave shape, and the air wall 3 is opened in the pipe wall, and the speaker unit 1 is fixedly attached to the baffle plate 5 by bonding, and of course, it can be fixed by screws or the like, and the speaker box 2 is terminated at one end.
  • the edge of the corrugated tubular box is pressed and fixed on the baffle by a gasket, and of course, it can be fixed by other means such as bonding, and the other end is closed by the bonding bottom plate 4, so that the speaker unit 1 and the speaker box 2 are Together with the bottom plate 4, a closed box system is formed, and a cavity is formed between the sound chamber of the back of the speaker unit 1 and the speaker box 2 and the bottom plate 4.
  • the speaker box 2 is made of elastic soft rubber, which has the characteristics of light weight, waterproof, bursting and impact resistance, and is convenient for installation in different applications.
  • the rubber is a viscoelastic polymer material and has high damping internal loss.
  • the relative molecular mass distribution of the base rubber is adjustable, and can adapt to the absorption of sound waves of various frequencies. When the sound waves are incident inside the rubber, a part of the medium-high frequency sound wave energy is used to change the vibration of the polymer chain and the side groups, and the work is done.
  • the purpose of sound is to reduce the sound, while some of the lower frequency energy sound waves do nothing, transmit low frequency, improve the bass, and of course other elastomer composites, such as polyurethane (PU) elastomers, high density elastic sponges, cloths. Dip (coating) rubber or TPO (thermoplastic elastomer rubber).
  • PU polyurethane
  • TPO thermoplastic elastomer rubber
  • the speaker box 2 Because of its own material, the speaker box 2 has high damping internal loss physical properties, has vibration damping effect, and is not easy to excite high-order resonance.
  • the longitudinal section of the pipe wall is wave-shaped, and its concave and convex bending can absorb and suppress the improvement of the box body. Cluttered reflections, reduce sound, reduce harmonic distortion, and improve sound purity.
  • the air hole 3 can function as a tuning hole, mainly for adjusting the force of the sound chamber of the box, and at the same time changing
  • the force of the box can be changed, the resonant frequency of the box can be adjusted to extend the low frequency, and the air in the box can be made from the air hole by compressing the box. 3 outflow, can reduce the box, easy to pack and carry.
  • the bottom plate 4 is mainly used for closing the speaker box, and can also be used for adjusting the resonance frequency and the radiation sound pressure of the speaker box. By controlling the quality, size or material of the matching bottom plate, the resonance frequency and the radiation sound pressure of the box can be effectively changed.
  • the value is made of metal iron or paper material or rubber.
  • Baffle 5 is made of wood, metal or plastic. It is mainly used to install fixed speaker unit 1 and speaker box 2, and does not participate in the radiation of the cabinet.
  • Figure 5 shows the force diagram of the symbolic mechanical system of the elastomer speaker cabinet.
  • one end of the spring is fixed, and the other end is under the action of the driving force F under the action of the equivalent vibration mass m.
  • the spring connection of C the object is subjected to the action of Rm against the vibration velocity V of the object, and the spring end is connected to the object, so the three components have the same vibration velocity V, so the series can be obtained.
  • the equivalent circuit that is, the mechanical circuit diagram of the elastomer speaker cabinet shown in FIG.
  • R m inner friction force caused by repeated spring deformation
  • F speaker driving force
  • a 36-inch speaker full-range single-body product as shown in Figure 1 the single-body FO is 180HZ, mounted on an elastomeric speaker box, and the box has a curved bend. Folding, the box is flexible and free to expand and contract.
  • the box is made of soft rubber and the box is closed.
  • the inner volume is 0.141L.
  • the impedance characteristics are tested.
  • the response is shown in Figure 7.
  • the thicker curve 71 is the impedance frequency characteristic curve of the elastomer speaker cabinet system
  • the thinner curve 72 is the characteristic curve of the speaker unit impedance frequency.
  • the elasticity There are two maximum peaks on the impedance frequency characteristic curve of the body speaker box system, which indicates that there are two resonant circuits, one is the resonance of the closed box speaker and the sound chamber, and the other is the resonance of the speaker unit and the elastic box.
  • Parallel resonant circuit it can also be seen from the figure that the resonant frequency of the box is 100HZ, which extends the low frequency.
  • the impedance characteristics of the traditional speaker closed box system are shown in Figure 8.
  • the thicker curve 81 in the figure is the impedance frequency characteristic curve of the traditional speaker closed box system, and the thinner curve 82 is the characteristic curve of the speaker single impedance frequency. It can be seen from the figure
  • the traditional loudspeaker closed-box system impedance frequency characteristic curve has only one maximum peak, indicating that there is only one resonant circuit, the resonance of the speaker unit and the sound chamber is smooth, the resonant frequency of the box is 210HZ, and the low frequency is shifted upward.
  • the impedance characteristics of the elastomer speaker cabinet system and the traditional speaker enclosure system are shown in Figure 9.
  • the thicker curve 91 is the impedance frequency characteristic curve of the elastomer speaker cabinet system
  • the thinner curve 92 is the impedance frequency of the traditional speaker closure system.
  • Characteristic curve it is obvious from the figure that the impedance characteristic of the elastomer speaker box has two maximum peaks of resonance.
  • the traditional speaker closing system has only one, the resonant frequency of the elastomer speaker cabinet is 100HZ, and the traditional speaker box is 210HZ.
  • the elastomeric speaker box extends the low frequency.
  • the near-field sound pressure characteristics of the elastomer speaker cabinet system and the traditional speaker box closure system are shown in Figure 10.
  • the thicker curve 101 is the sound pressure frequency response curve of the elastomer speaker cabinet system, and the thinner curve 102 is the traditional speaker.
  • the sound pressure frequency response curve of the closed box system It is obvious from the figure that the sound pressure level of the elastomer speaker box starts to increase at the resonant frequency of 100 Hz, which is about 1.5 dB higher than the traditional speaker box closed box system, extending the low frequency and Increased sound pressure.
  • the elastomer speaker cabinet system of the present invention can extend the low frequency characteristics and improve the purity of the sound from the mechanical system, the quality, elasticity, and damping control mode of the acoustic system, and the use of the cabinet as a sound radiator. degree.
  • the longitudinal section of the speaker box wall can be bent into different waveforms, as shown in Figure 11a to Figure lie, in turn, the longitudinal section of the elastomeric speaker box wall is trapezoidal, triangular, sine, sawtooth, square wave Schematic diagram of different waveforms.
  • the structure of the elastomer speaker box is basically tubular, and its specific outline can be transformed into various forms.
  • the elastic speaker box is a square tube, a triangle tube, a barrel tube, The caliber gradually narrows the conical tube and the combination of the two tubes.
  • the baffle plate 5 can also use a plurality of baffles to form a baffle of the box structure for mounting the fixed speaker unit and the elastomer speaker box, and at the same time, there is a cavity inside, and the size of the baffle cavity of the box structure is adjusted. , can change the volume of the sound chamber of the box, reduce the nonlinear distortion, expand the low frequency response to the low end, improve the low frequency, as shown in Figure 13a to Figure 13c is the elastomeric speaker box system of the box structure baffle, wherein Figure 13b and In Fig. 13c, an inverted phase tube 6 is further provided inside the box structure baffle.
  • the elastomeric speaker box system can also include two or more speaker boxes, as shown in Figures 14a and 14b, which are systems with two elastomeric speaker boxes.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)

Description

弹性体扬声器箱系统 技术领域
本发明涉及音响领域， 尤其涉及一种扬声器箱系统。 背景技术
为了达到隔绝扬声器前后声音， 不致使声音产生相互干涉， 提高声音 的高保真度的目的， 为此目前市场上扬声器箱箱体板材传统结构都以刚性 大， 硬度大的材料设计制作， 比如木质材料、 刨花板、 纤维板、 胶合板、 天然石材、 人造石材、 大理石、 混凝土、 以及有机玻璃等， 使用这些材料 的原因， 从声学性能上考虑， 是希望扬声器箱板不产生振动， 材料本身不 激励谐振， 特别是高次谐波得到抑制， 不致使声音产生相互干涉， 减小音 染， 提高声音的纯净度， 这样传统箱体的设计因其箱壁刚性大， 硬度 大， 无弹性仅做隔声、 防止声短路之用。
但实际上， 刚性大、 硬度大的材料， 其本身的物理特性已决定材料的 内部阻尼小， 吸收声波小， 声波在其内部传播的速度大， 制作成的箱体会 激发高频激励振动产生不谐合音， 导致扬声器发出的声音产生相互干涉， 音色变为混浊不清晰， 此为其一； 其二， 扬声器箱及其系统低频响应设 计， 目前主要有两种设计形式， 一为密闭箱， 二为开孔箱：
传统密闭箱， 箱体腔体为密闭型， 安装扬声器单体后其腔体声箱的力 劲大， 顺性小， 箱体的最低共振频率 Fc 高于扬声器单体在自由空间的谐 振频率， 无法通过箱体的结合扩展低频。
传统开孔箱， 在密闭箱体上开有声导孔， 通过调节风管大小及长度， 改变风管的声质量， 调节低频辐射声波。 因箱体上开有声导孔， 开孔除了 传达低频端的声音输出外， 同时带来风杂声， 谐振的干扰和传输音箱内部 因箱体材料本身激励谐振反射形成的驻波音染， 这些都会造成低频声音混 浊不清晰。 发明内容
本发明的所要解决的问题是提供一种扩展了低频特性、 同时提高了声 音纯净度的弹性体扬声器箱系统。
本发明所釆用的技术方案是： 弹性体扬声器箱系统， 包括扬声器箱、 扬声器单体、 障板和底板， 所述扬声器箱由弹性体材料制成， 其管壁弯折 形成波形管状箱体， 管壁优选为全部弯折， 当然也可以是局部弯折， 这样 扬声器箱箱体有弹性可自由伸缩运动， 弹性体材料优选为弹性软橡胶， 当 然也可以是泡沫塑料、 弹性体合成材料等其它弹性体复合材料， 所述障板 优选釆用木板或塑料， 当然也可是其他材质的板材， 所述扬声器单体安装 固定于障板上， 所述扬声器箱体一端固定于障板上， 另一端通过底板封 闭， 这样扬声器单体、 扬声器箱与底板共同构成闭箱系统， 所述底板主要 用以封闭扬声器箱构成闭箱系统， 同时在需要时也可有于调节扬声器箱共 振频率及辐射声压， 通过控制调配底板的质量大小及尺寸大小或材质， 可 以有效的改变箱体的共振频率及辐射声压值， 其材质优选为金属铁片， 也 可以釆用纸体材料或橡胶、 塑料等， 当然还可以釆用与扬声器箱一体成 形。
上述方案中， 所述扬声器箱箱壁纵截面优选弯折为呈波形或锯齿形， 如正弦波或余弦波， 当然也可以是方波、 梯形波、 三角形波等形状。
优选在所述扬声器箱箱壁可以开有小的气孔， 开气孔主要是为了调节 箱体声腔的力劲， 同时改变箱体的谐振点， 扩展低频， 因孔内的声质量 小， 孔的辐射声波作用极为弱小， 因而由孔辐射的反射波形成的驻波音染 可忽略， 保证了低音的纯净度。 并且还可以通过压缩箱体排出气体， 使箱 体体积大为缩小， 便于包装携带。
所述扬声器箱形状优选为圓筒状， 当然也可以是方管、 三角管、 锥管 或圓桶状等多种管状， 或是两节以上多种不同形状大小管状结构的组合。
所述扬声器单体优选通过粘接或螺钉固定的方式安装固定于障板上。 所述扬声器箱优选通过粘接或螺栓连接件固定的方式安装固定于障板 上。
上述方案中， 所述障板还可呈箱体结构， 通过调节障板箱体的大小， 可以改变箱体声腔的容积， 减小非线性失真， 低频响应往低端扩展， 改善 低频。 所述箱体结构障板内还可设有倒相管。
本发明的有益效果是： 一、 本发明的箱体具有类似弹簧的性能， 结合 扬声器单体的发声及振动力作用， 腔体内空气的压缩及膨胀， 而扬声器箱 靠弹性体材料的形变来储存及释放能量， 利用波形管状箱体良好的弹性位 移值及线性稳态恢复力， 带动弹性箱体伸缩运动产生谐振， 箱体起声辐射 器的作用， 辐射声波， 利用声波在弹性体材料中传播， 材料有着吸声、 透 声、 反射声的声学性能， 通过调整弹性体材料的不同材质及配方， 方便及 有效的改变其声波的辐射性能， 改善低频。 同时， 扬声器单体背后辐射的 声波是一种弹性波， 利用弹性波在波形管状弹性体中速度变慢的特点， 增 大了箱体的声顺， 等效增大了腔体的容积， 减小非线性失真， 低频响应往 低端扩展， 提高了声音的纯净度， 改善了低音性能； 二、 箱体箱壁呈波形 或锯齿形等弯折以及弹性体材料的高阻尼内部损耗， 其本身不易激发高频 谐振的物理特性， 可减震并有效吸收声腔内的反射波， 提高了声音的纯净 度； 三、 扬声器闭箱设计， 其声箱腔体内的空气与外部隔绝， 扬声器振膜 的振动会使腔体内空气产生反复的压缩及膨胀， 1 )弹性体扬声器箱体具有 弹性， 材质是软橡胶类或其它弹性体材料， 箱壁上有波形或锯齿形弯折， 扬声器单体固定装置于箱体障板上， 扬声器单体振膜的振动力， 作用于箱 体产生伸缩运动， 箱体起声辐射器的作用辐射低频。 而传统型扬声器箱体 是硬体刚性大的木材或硬体塑胶， 石材及有机玻璃， 扬声器单体固定安装 于箱体上， 力作用于箱体上不产生伸缩运动辐射低频。 2) 弹性体扬声器箱 系统闭箱设计， 通过扬声器振膜产生的力， 作用于弹性箱体， 辐射低频声 波扩展低频响应， 改善了低音效果。 而传统闭箱， 通过扬声器振膜产生 的力直接作用于硬箱体， 产生高频杂音， 影响声音纯净度。 3) 弹性体扬声 器箱系统闭箱设计， 由于弹性箱体参与谐振， 闭箱系统阻抗响应特性有两 个谐振最高峰， 能过调节箱体的调谐频率， 低于扬声器单体的谐振频率， 扩展了低频， 而传统闭箱唯有一个谐振峰， 并且箱体调谐频率高于扬声器 单体的谐振频率， 无法扩展低频。
为了能更进一步了解本发明的特征以及技术内容， 请参阅以下有关本 发明的详细说明与附图， 然而所附图式仅提供参考与说明用， 并非用来对 本发明加以限制。 附图说明
图 1为本发明具体实施方式的内部结构示意图；
图 2为本发明具体实施方式的外形示意图；
图 3为本发明具体实施方式的立体结构示意图；
图 4为本发明具体实施方式的局部剖开结构示意图；
图 5为弹性体扬声器箱体象征性机械系统受力图；
图 6为本发明弹性体扬声器箱体机械回路图；
图 7为本发明弹性体扬声器箱系统与扬声器单体的阻抗特性曲线图； 图 8为传统扬声器闭箱系统及扬声器单体的阻抗特性曲线图； 图 9为本发明弹性体扬声器箱系统与传统扬声器闭箱系统阻抗特性曲 线对比图；
图 10 为本发明弹性体扬声器箱系统与传统扬声器闭箱系统声压特性 曲线对比图；
图 11a为扬声器箱箱壁纵截面 2呈梯形波的示意图；
图 lib扬声器箱箱壁纵截面 2呈三角波的示意图；
图 11c为扬声器箱箱壁纵截面 2呈正弦波形的示意图；
图 lid为扬声器箱箱壁纵截面 2呈锯齿波形的示意图；
图 lie为扬声器箱箱壁纵截面 2呈方波形的示意图；
图 12a、 12b、 12c、 12d、 12e 为各种不同形状管形的扬声器箱示意 图 13a、 13b、 13c为各种不同形状箱体结构障板示意图；
Figure imgf000006_0001
图 14a、 图 14b为带有两个扬声器箱的弹性体扬声器箱系统示意图。 具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明进行详细描述。
如图 1、 图 2、 图 3、 图 4所示， 弹性体扬声器箱系统包括扬声器单体 1、 扬声器箱 2、 底板 4、 障板 5 , 扬声器箱 2由弹性体材料制成波形管状 箱体， 其管壁的纵截面弯折呈波形， 管壁上开有气孔 3 , 扬声器单体 1 通 过粘接固定安装于障板 5上， 当然还可以釆用螺钉等方式固定， 扬声器箱 2 一端釆用垫片将波形管状箱体边缘压紧再结合螺钉固定于障板上， 当然 同样可以釆用粘接等其他方式固定， 另一端通过粘接底板 4封闭， 这样扬 声器单体 1、 扬声器箱 2与底板 4共同构成闭箱系统， 扬声器单体 1其背 部的声腔与扬声器箱 2及底板 4之间形成腔体。
本实施例中扬声器箱 2其材料釆用弹性软橡胶， 具有重量轻、 防水、 耐破和耐冲击等特点便于安装不同用途的场所， 橡胶是一种粘弹性高分子 材料， 高阻尼的内部损耗， 基体橡胶的相对分子质量分布可调， 能适应各 种频率声波的吸收， 声波入射到橡胶内部时， 其中一部分中高频声波能量 用于改变材料高分子链和侧基的振动而做功， 达到吸声的目的， 降低音 染， 而一部分较低频能量声波做无用功， 透射低频， 改善低音， 当然也可 以用其它弹性体复合材料， 如聚氨酯（PU )类弹性体、 高密度弹性海棉、 布浸（涂）橡胶或 TPO (热塑性弹性体橡胶）等。
扬声器箱 2 因其本身材料具有高阻尼的内部损耗物理性能， 有减振作 用， 不容易激发高次谐振， 管壁的纵截面呈波形， 其凹凸起伏的弯折， 可 以吸收抑制改善箱体内产生杂乱的反射波， 降低音染， 减小谐波失真， 提 高声音纯净度。
气孔 3 可以起调音孔的作用， 主要为了调节箱体声腔的力劲， 同时改 变箱体的谐振点， 扩展低频， 通过调节气孔 3 的大小及排列数量， 可以改 变箱体的力顺， 调整箱体的谐振频率延伸低频， 并且可以通过压缩箱体， 使箱体内空气从气孔 3流出， 可以缩小箱体， 便于包装携带。
底板 4主要用于封闭扬声器箱， 同时也可用于调节扬声器箱共振频率 及辐射声压大小， 通过控制调配底板的质量大小， 尺寸大小或材质， 可以 有效的改变箱体的共振频率及辐射声压值， 其材质为金属铁片， 也可以是 纸体材料或橡胶。
障板 5材质为木板， 金属或塑料， 主要用于安装固定扬声器单体 1及 扬声器箱 2, 不参与箱体的辐射。
图 5 所示为弹性体扬声器箱体象征性机械系统受力图， 如图所示， 弹 簧的一端固定， 另一端在等效振动质量为 m的物体在驱动力 F的作用下， 通过等效力顺为 C 的弹簧连接， 物体运动时受到等效力阻为 Rm的反抗物 体振速 V的作用， 而弹簧一端又与物体相连， 所以此三个元件中有同一振 速 V, 因此可得之串联等效电路， 即图 6所示的弹性体扬声器箱体机械回 路图。
分析其电路得到：
Zm „ . sm _ 1
Rm + j
sCm
其中：
ε =2 π f
j = VrT
V=振速
111=扬声器等效质量
C∞=弹性箱体等效力顺
R m =弹簧反复形变引起的内摩察力, 空气粘滞阻尼及辐射阻抗 F=扬声器驱动力
Zm=力阻抗 ετη - \
当 Zm中的力抗分量等于 0时， 即 =0 , 则在此频率处， 振速 V= -—, 在此频率两侧， V急剧减小， 得共振频率 Fo= ^ 即说明 Rm 2πΛ/πιΟηι 弹性箱体参与了共振， 起辐射器的作用， 辐射低频， 改善了低音。
下面通过实际测试来说明其频响效果， 一个 36ΜΜ的如图 1所示的扬 声器全频单体产品， 单体的 FO为 180HZ, 安装在具有弹性体的扬声器箱 上， 箱体具有波形的弯折， 箱体有弹性并可自由伸缩， 箱体材质为软橡 胶， 箱体为闭箱设计， 内容积为 0.141L。
测试其阻抗特性， 响应如图 7 所示， 图中较粗曲线 71 为弹性体扬声 器箱系统阻抗频率特性曲线， 较细曲线 72 为扬声器单体阻抗频率特性曲 线， 从图中可以看出， 弹性体扬声器箱系统阻抗频率特性曲线上有两个最 大峰值， 表明有两个谐振回路， 一为闭箱扬声器单体与声腔力顺的谐振， 二为扬声器单体与弹性箱体力顺的谐振， 构成并联谐振回路， 从图中还可 看出， 箱体的谐振频率为 100HZ, 扩展了低频。 而传统扬声器闭箱系统阻 抗特性如图 8 所示， 图中较粗曲线 81 为传统扬声器闭箱系统阻抗频率特 性曲线， 较细曲线 82 为扬声器单体阻抗频率特性曲线， 从图中可看出， 传统扬声器闭箱系统阻抗频率特性曲线唯有一个最大峰， 表明只有一个谐 振回路， 扬声器单体与声腔力顺的谐振， 箱体的谐振频率为 210HZ, 低频 上移了。
弹性体扬声器箱系统与传统扬声器闭箱系统的阻抗特性对比如图 9所 示， 图中较粗曲线 91 为弹性体扬声器箱系统阻抗频率特性曲线， 较细曲 线 92 为传统扬声器闭箱系统阻抗频率特性曲线， 从图中明显看出， 弹性 体扬声器箱的阻抗特性有两个谐振最大峰值， 传统扬声器闭箱系统唯有一 个， 弹性体扬声器箱体的谐振频率为 100HZ, 传统扬声器箱为 210HZ, 弹 性体扬声器箱扩展了低频。
弹性体扬声器箱系统与传统扬声器箱闭箱系统的近场声压特性对比如 图 10 所示， 图中较粗曲线 101 为弹性体扬声器箱系统声压频响曲线， 较 细曲线 102为传统扬声器闭箱系统声压频响曲线， 从图中明显看出， 弹性 体扬声器箱在谐振频率 100HZ处其声压级开始获得提高， 约高出传统扬声 器箱闭箱系统 1.5dB值， 延伸了低频并提高了音压。
以上说明， 本发明所述的弹性体扬声器箱系统， 从其机械系统、 声学 系统的质量、 弹性、 阻尼的控制方式、 利用箱体作为声的辐射器， 可以扩 展低频特性， 同时提高声音的纯净度。
以上所述本发明的较佳实施方式是为了便于本领域普通技术人员理解 本发明而进行的详细描述， 但可以想到， 在不脱离本发明的技术特征所涵 盖的范围内还可以做出其它的变化和修改：
例如扬声器箱箱壁纵截面可以弯折成不同波形， 如图 11a至图 lie所 示， 依次为弹性体扬声器箱箱壁纵截面弯折分别呈梯形波、 三角波、 正弦 波、 锯齿波、 方波等不同波形的示意图。
同样， 弹性体扬声器箱结构几何形状基本为管状， 其具体外形轮廓可 以变换成多种形式， 如图 12a 至图 12e 所示， 弹性体扬声器箱依次为方 管、 三角管、 圓桶形管、 口径逐渐缩小锥形管以及两节管的组合体。
还有障板 5可以釆用多个障板组成箱体结构的障板， 用以安装固定扬 声器单体以及弹性体扬声器箱， 同时内部存在腔体， 通过调节箱体结构障 板腔体的大小， 可以改变箱体声腔的容积， 减小非线性失真， 低频响应往 低端扩展， 改善低频， 如图 13a至图 13c所示为箱体结构障板的弹性体扬 声器箱系统， 其中图 13b和图 13c中箱体结构障板内部还设有倒相管 6。
并且弹性体扬声器箱系统还可以包括两个甚至更多的扬声器箱， 如图 14a、 图 14b所示， 为带有两个弹性体制成的扬声器箱的系统。
以上所述， 对于本领域的普通技术人员来说， 可以根据本发明的技术 方案和技术构思作出其他各种相应的改变和变形， 而所有这些改变和变形 都应属于本发明后附的权利要求的保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种弹性体扬声器箱系统， 其特征在于： 所述弹性体扬声器箱系 统包括扬声器箱、 扬声器单体、 障板和底板， 所述扬声器箱由弹性体材料 制成， 其管壁弯折形成波形管状箱体， 这样扬声器箱箱体有弹性可自由伸 缩运动， 所述扬声器单体安装固定于障板上， 所述扬声器箱体一端固定于 障板上， 另一端通过底板封闭， 这样扬声器单体、 扬声器箱与底板共同构 成闭箱系统。
2、 如权利要求 1 所述的弹性体扬声器箱系统， 其特征在于： 所述扬 声器箱由一节以上弹性体材料制成管壁弯折的波形管状箱体连接组合而 成。
3、 如权利要求 1 所述的弹性体扬声器箱系统， 其特征在于： 所述扬 声器箱箱壁纵截面弯折呈波形或锯齿形。
4、 如权利要求 3 所述的弹性体扬声器箱系统， 其特征在于： 所述扬 声器箱箱壁上开有气孔。
5、 如权利要求 1 所述的弹性体扬声器箱系统， 其特征在于： 所述弹 性体材料为弹性软橡胶。
6、 如权利要求 5 所述的弹性体扬声器箱系统， 其特征在于： 所述扬 声器单体通过粘接或螺钉固定的方式安装固定于障板上。
7、 如权利要求 6 所述的弹性体扬声器箱系统， 其特征在于： 所述扬 声器箱通过粘接或螺钉固定的方式安装固定于障板上。
8、 如权利要求 7 所述的弹性体扬声器箱系统， 其特征在于： 所述扬 声器箱形状为圓筒状。
9、 如权利要求 7 所述的弹性体扬声器箱系统， 其特征在于： 所述障 板呈箱体结构。
10、 如权利要求 9所述的弹性体扬声器箱系统， 其特征在于： 所述箱 体结构障板内设有倒相管。
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