WO2010059219A1 - Destruction à grande échelle de gaz à effet de serre utilisant un plasma - Google Patents

Destruction à grande échelle de gaz à effet de serre utilisant un plasma Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010059219A1
WO2010059219A1 PCT/US2009/006201 US2009006201W WO2010059219A1 WO 2010059219 A1 WO2010059219 A1 WO 2010059219A1 US 2009006201 W US2009006201 W US 2009006201W WO 2010059219 A1 WO2010059219 A1 WO 2010059219A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plasma melter
plasma
melter
heat
supplying
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2009/006201
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
James Charles Juranitch
Original Assignee
Global Energies, Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Global Energies, Llc filed Critical Global Energies, Llc
Publication of WO2010059219A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010059219A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/80—Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
    • B01D2259/818—Employing electrical discharges or the generation of a plasma
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/123—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves
    • C10J2300/1238—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves by plasma
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
    • C10J2300/1612—CO2-separation and sequestration, i.e. long time storage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
    • C10J2300/1815—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water for carbon dioxide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/151—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to methods and systems for converting greenhouse gasses, and more particularly, to a system for converting greenhouse gasses into useful products on a large scale.
  • DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART In the current energy environment there is continuing pressure to produce more products and energy in a cost effective and clean way. Fuel prices continue to climb, and emission standards continue to tighten. Most of the modern world has attempted to limit the amount of carbon dioxide that is emitted into the atmosphere. It is considered by many that this gas has some responsibility in the climatic changes commonly referred to as global warming.
  • the present invention provides a simple method of reducing green house gasses with or without the use of greenhouse gas sequestering systems.
  • a central feature of the invention is the use of a plasma melter that performs a "Plasma Water Gas Shift" type of reaction in its ultra high temperature plasma chamber.
  • the present invention relates to an energy efficient and modern system and method of producing hydrogen and carbon monoxide, both of which are needed to produce ethylene, ammonia, and other useful products.
  • the process of the present invention uses renewable materials, and energy, primarily made up of waste, such as municipal waste, municipal solid waste, or a specifically grown biomass, as its feed stock.
  • Plasma melters are now becoming a reliable technology that is used to destroy waste. At this time there are few operational plasma melter installations but the technology is gaining acceptance. It is a characteristic of plasma melters that they produce a low BTU syngas consisting of several component elements. If the plasma melters are operated in a pyrolysis mode of operation, they will generate large amounts of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The Syngas byproduct typically is used to run stationary power generators. The resulting electric power is then sold to the power grid. It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide a system for consuming greenhouse gasses. It is another object of this invention to provide a system for consuming carbon dioxide on a large scale and that does not require large electrical generation resources.
  • the foregoing and other objects are achieved by this invention which provides a method of reducing emission of greenhouse gasses in a large scale waste disposal process.
  • the method of the invention includes, but is not limited to, the steps of: supplying a fuel material to a plasma melter; supplying electrical energy to the plasma melter; supplying steam to the plasma melter; extracting a syngas from the plasma melter; providing the syngas to a heat-related process, whereby the heat-related process exhausts a greenhouse gas; and recirculating the greenhouse gas exhausted by the heat-related process to the plasma melter.
  • the fuel material is municipal waste.
  • the fuel material is solid municipal waste. In still further embodiments of the invention the fuel material is a biomass. In some embodiments where the fuel material is a biomass, the biomass is grown specifically for the purpose of being supplied to a plasma melter.
  • waste materials or fuels are employed, including for example, fossil fuels.
  • the fossil fuels are combined to form a fossil fuel cocktail that includes, for example, a mixture of a biomass material, municipal solid waste, and coal.
  • the fossil fuels may be of a low quality, such as brown coal, tar sand, and shale oil.
  • the further step of subjecting the syngas to a pretreatment process prior to performing the step of providing the syngas to the heat-related process there is provided the further step of subjecting the syngas to a pretreatment process.
  • the syngas is cooled, cleaned, and separated in the pretreatment process.
  • the step of extracting thermal energy generated by the pretreatment process there is provided the step of extracting thermal energy generated by the pretreatment process.
  • the extracted thermal energy generated by the pretreatment process is, in some embodiments, provided to the plasma melter is in the form of steam.
  • the method aspect of the invention includes, in certain embodiments, the further step of extracting a slag from the plasma melter.
  • the slag can be converted into building products and sold.
  • the plasma melter is operated in a pyrolysis mode.
  • the heat-related process is a power plant.
  • conventional fuel is delivered to the power plant.
  • the power plant produces a corresponding power product.
  • the further step of subjecting the greenhouse gas to a sequestration process prior to performing the step of recirculating JLhe greenhouse gas exhausted by the heat-related process to the plasma melter, there is provided the further step of subjecting the greenhouse gas to a sequestration process.
  • the greenhouse gas is, in certain embodiments of the invention, carbon dioxide.
  • Fig. 1 is a simplified function block and schematic representation of a specific illustrative embodiment of the invention.
  • a municipal waste disposal system 100 receives municipal waste, municipal solid waste, or a specifically grown biomass 110 that is deposited into a plasma melter 112.
  • the process is operated in a pyrolysis mode ⁇ i.e., lacking oxygen).
  • Steam 115 is delivered to plasma melter 112 to facilitate production of hydrogen and plasma. Also, electrical power 116 is delivered to plasma melter 112. A hydrogen rich syngas 118 is produced at an output (not specifically designated) of plasma melter 112, as is a slag 114 that is subsequently removed.
  • slag 114 is sold as building materials, and may take the form of mineral wool, reclaimed metals, and silicates, such as building blocks.
  • the BTU content, plasma production, and slag production can also be "sweetened” by the addition of small amounts of coke, fossil fuels, or other additives (not shown). Such additives, which may in some embodiments constitute waste materials or fuels include, for example, fossil fuels.
  • the fossil fuels are combined to form a fossil fuel cocktail that includes, for example, a biomass material, municipal solid waste, and coal.
  • the fossil fuels or additives include selectable ones of low quality fuels, such as brown coal, tar sand, and shale oil.
  • the syngas is cooled and cleaned in a pretreatment step 120.
  • the processed syngas or raw syngas is delivered into a power plant 122.
  • the processed syngas, or raw syngas that has been diverted by operation of a valve 123 is provided to a heat- requiring process, which in this specific illustrative embodiment of the invention is a power plant 122.
  • Power plant 122 (or other heat-requiring process) will, by operation of the present invention, advantageously be characterized by significant carbon neutral energy derived from the syngas since the origins of the energy are recycled or renewable. Supplemental energy, in the form of conventional fuel 128, is shown in the figure to be delivered to power plant 122, but is not required in some embodiments of the invention.
  • a flow control valve 125 is used to divert a portion of the power plant's exhaust to plasma melter 112.
  • the exhaust is injected into the plasma chamber (not specifically designated) of the plasma melter.
  • Waste feedstock 110 is, in some embodiments of the invention, sweetened with small amounts of low grade coke, fossil fuels, or other products that are rich in hydrocarbon.
  • no green house gas sequestering system is needed.
  • a sequestered greenhouse gas stream 132 is obtained from a sequestering unit 130 and injected into the plasma chamber (not specifically designated) of plasma melter 112.
  • the green house gas is broken down in a "Plasma Water Gas Shift" type of reaction and cycled back into a fuel.
  • Pretreatment step 120 generates heat that in some embodiments of the invention is used to supply steam to the plasma melter 112, or to a turbine generator (not shown), or any other process (not shown) that utilizes heat.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de réduction d'une émission de gaz à effet de serre, tels que le dioxyde de carbone, dans un procédé à grande échelle. Le procédé selon l'invention comprend les étapes suivantes : l'introduction d'un combustible, tel que des déchets municipaux, dans un dispositif de fusion à plasma ; l'introduction d'énergie électrique dans le dispositif de fusion à plasma ; l'introduction de vapeur dans le dispositif de fusion à plasma ; l'extraction d'un gaz de synthèse du dispositif de fusion à plasma ; le transfert du gaz de synthèse vers un procédé associé à de la chaleur, le procédé associé à de la chaleur libérant un gaz à effet de serre ; et le recyclage du gaz à effet de serre libéré par le procédé associé à de la chaleur dans le dispositif de fusion à plasma. L'énergie thermique générée par le procédé de prétraitement est extraite et recyclée dans le dispositif de fusion à plasma. Le dispositif de fusion à plasma est exploité en mode pyrolyse.
PCT/US2009/006201 2008-11-19 2009-11-19 Destruction à grande échelle de gaz à effet de serre utilisant un plasma WO2010059219A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US19982808P 2008-11-19 2008-11-19
US61/199,828 2008-11-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010059219A1 true WO2010059219A1 (fr) 2010-05-27

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013124658A1 (fr) * 2012-02-21 2013-08-29 Advanced Plasma Power Limited Traitement d'une charge d'alimentation
WO2014068344A3 (fr) * 2012-11-05 2014-06-26 Int-Energia Kft. Configuration de structure et procédé pour le traitement de biomasse et de déchets sans danger pour l'environnement pour accroître le rendement de production d'énergie et de chaleur

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070261303A1 (en) * 2006-05-12 2007-11-15 Integrated Environmental Technologies, Llc Combined gasification and vitrification system
US20080097137A1 (en) * 2005-06-29 2008-04-24 Tetronics Limited Waste Treatment Process and Apparatus
US20080104887A1 (en) * 2006-11-02 2008-05-08 Andreas Tsangaris Residue conditioning system

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080097137A1 (en) * 2005-06-29 2008-04-24 Tetronics Limited Waste Treatment Process and Apparatus
US20070261303A1 (en) * 2006-05-12 2007-11-15 Integrated Environmental Technologies, Llc Combined gasification and vitrification system
US20080104887A1 (en) * 2006-11-02 2008-05-08 Andreas Tsangaris Residue conditioning system

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013124658A1 (fr) * 2012-02-21 2013-08-29 Advanced Plasma Power Limited Traitement d'une charge d'alimentation
WO2014068344A3 (fr) * 2012-11-05 2014-06-26 Int-Energia Kft. Configuration de structure et procédé pour le traitement de biomasse et de déchets sans danger pour l'environnement pour accroître le rendement de production d'énergie et de chaleur

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