WO2010058311A2 - Spectromètre de roue de filtre - Google Patents

Spectromètre de roue de filtre Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010058311A2
WO2010058311A2 PCT/IB2009/054860 IB2009054860W WO2010058311A2 WO 2010058311 A2 WO2010058311 A2 WO 2010058311A2 IB 2009054860 W IB2009054860 W IB 2009054860W WO 2010058311 A2 WO2010058311 A2 WO 2010058311A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
spectrometer
radiation
filter wheel
filters
filter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2009/054860
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2010058311A3 (fr
Inventor
James T. Russell
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Priority to BRPI0916005-1A priority Critical patent/BRPI0916005B1/pt
Priority to EP09756852.1A priority patent/EP2359111B1/fr
Priority to US13/128,799 priority patent/US8477311B2/en
Priority to JP2011543854A priority patent/JP5527858B2/ja
Priority to CN200980145929.0A priority patent/CN102216744B/zh
Publication of WO2010058311A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010058311A2/fr
Publication of WO2010058311A3 publication Critical patent/WO2010058311A3/fr
Priority to US13/916,683 priority patent/US8937720B2/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/255—Details, e.g. use of specially adapted sources, lighting or optical systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02—Details
    • G01J3/0202—Mechanical elements; Supports for optical elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/02—Details
    • G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
    • G01J3/0235—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using means for replacing an element by another, for replacing a filter or a grating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/30—Measuring the intensity of spectral lines directly on the spectrum itself
    • G01J3/36—Investigating two or more bands of a spectrum by separate detectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/12—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators
    • G01J2003/1213—Filters in general, e.g. dichroic, band
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/12—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators
    • G01J2003/1226—Interference filters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/314—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry with comparison of measurements at specific and non-specific wavelengths
    • G01N2021/317—Special constructive features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N21/3504—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis

Definitions

  • the present invention pertains to spectrometers, and, more particularly, to a filter wheel and a spectrometer using the filter wheel.
  • Gas analyzers such as spectrometers are widely used in medical applications to measure concentration of carbon dioxide, oxygen gas and anaesthesia agents such as halo thane (2-bromo-2-chloro-l,l,l-trifluoroethane), enflurane (2-chloro- 1,1,2,-trifluoroethyl-difluoromethyl ether), isoflurane (2-chloro-2-(difiuoromethoxy)- 1,1,1-trifluoro-ethane), sevoflurane (2,2,2-trifluoro-l-[trifluoro methyl] ethyl fluoromethyl ether), and desflurane (2,2,2-trifluoro-l-fluoroethyl-difluoromethyl ether) during patient anaesthesia.
  • halo thane (2-bromo-2-chloro-l,l,l-trifluoroethane)
  • enflurane (2-chloro- 1,1,
  • gas analyzers There are two main types of gas analyzers, gas analyzers that are located either in the main path of a patient's respiratory gases (main flow measuring gas analyzers or main stream gas analyzers) or lateral flow measuring gas analyzers.
  • the lateral flow measuring analyzers take a sample from the respiratory circuit of a patient to an adjacent instrument wherein actual gas analysis is performed.
  • main flow or mainstream measuring analyzers calculate gas concentration directly in the respiratory circuit of the patient.
  • the main flow analyzer is positioned in close proximity of a patient's mouth or trachea.
  • the main flow gas analyzers or spectrometers incorporate the optical and electronic components of the spectrometer in one housing. As a result, in a clinical setting, it is desirable that the mainstream gas analyzers be as compact and lightweight as possible.
  • Respiratory gas can be analyzed using different methods, including dispersive and non-dispersive spectroscopy.
  • the most common method of gas analysis is based on non-dispersive spectroscopy wherein gases absorb radiation energy (e.g., infrared energy) at a wavelength specific to the gas of concern (e.g., carbon dioxide).
  • a light beam from a light source e.g., infrared light source
  • the light beam that passes through the respiratory circuit is absorbed 07-09
  • a detector assembly is positioned on an opposite side of the respiratory circuit of the patient.
  • the detector assembly includes a detector for measuring light intensity and a bandpass filter.
  • the bandpass filter is positioned such that the light beam will pass through the filter before reaching the detector.
  • the bandpass filter can be selected to filter out undesired regions of the wavelength spectrum in the light beam and transmit a spectral region of interest corresponding to an absorption region of the gas in the respiratory circuit of the patient.
  • An aspect of the present invention is to provide a filter wheel for use in a spectrometer.
  • the filter wheel includes a body having a base and a sidewall connected to the base. The body is configured to be rotatable about an axis of rotation.
  • the filter wheel further includes a plurality of radiation filters disposed on the base, and a plurality of radiation filters disposed on the sidewall.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a spectrometer including a filter wheel having a body comprising a base and a sidewall, the body configured to be rotatable about an axis of rotation.
  • the spectrometer further includes a first radiation detector arranged to detect radiation received by the filters disposed on the base, and a second radiation detector arranged to detect radiation received by the filters disposed on the sidewall.
  • the spectrometer also includes at least one radiation beam splitter configured to split a beam of radiation into a first radiation beam portion and second radiation beam portion so that the first radiation 07-09
  • Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a spectrometer including a radiation source capable of generating a radiation beam, a beam splitter that receives the radiation beam and splits the radiation beam into a first detection path and a second detection path, and a filter wheel.
  • the filter wheel has a first support structure on which a first plurality of filters are mounted and a second support structure on which at least one filter is provided.
  • the first plurality of filters are selectively movable into the first detection path.
  • the at least one filter on the second support structure is arranged to be disposed in the second detection path.
  • the spectrometer further includes a first radiation detector arranged to detect radiation that passes through the selected filter in the first detection path, and a second radiation detector arranged to detect radiation that passes through the filter in the second detection path.
  • Yet another aspect of the present invention is to provide a spectrometer including a housing, a rotatable body disposed in the housing, a spindle mounted to the housing, and a plurality of seating cups mounted within the housing, and between which the spindle is rotatably held.
  • a plurality of filters are disposed on the rotatable body. The plurality of filters are structured to transmit desired wavelength ranges of radiation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a spectrometer, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of a filter wheel, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the filter wheel along the cross-section
  • FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C depict a sequential energizing of stator poles of a motor for rotating the filter wheel, according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic front view of a filter wheel, according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the filter wheel along the cross-section
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a spectrometer 10, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Spectrometer 10 includes a housing 12 having an aperture 13 adapted to receive a conduit or airway adapter 14 so as to connect housing 12 to airway adapter 14.
  • Airway adapter 14 can be connected to tubing or a further conduit (not shown) that leads to a patient respiratory tract such as the mouth or nose of the patient.
  • Airway adapter 14 can also be connected to a breathing apparatus (not shown) such as a ventilator to assist a patient in breathing.
  • Housing 12 includes two opposite openings 12A and 12B directly communicating with, respectively, two opposite window covered openings 14A and 14B provided in the airway 14.
  • Openings 12 A, 12B, 14A and 14B are aligned along a same axis X-X.
  • Windows 15 A, 15B are mounted to airway 14 to hermetically seal lateral openings 14A and 14B, respectively, in airway adapter 14 so that gas in the airway does not escape through lateral openings 14A and 14B.
  • Spectrometer 10 also includes a radiation source 16 for emitting radiation
  • radiation detectors 20 and 21 can optionally be mounted to housing 12.
  • Radiation source 16 can be mounted on one side of housing 12 such that light emitted by the radiation source 16 is directed towards opening 12A of housing 12. Alternatively, radiation source 16 may not be mounted to housing 12 and can be provided separate from the housing, for example outside spectrometer 10.
  • an optical fiber for example, can be used to guide the light from radiation source 16 towards opening 12A of housing 12.
  • Radiation source 16 can include a radiation emitter such as an infrared emitting diode and a control circuit for controlling the radiation emitter.
  • Filter wheel 18 is rotatable. In one embodiment, the filter wheel may be rotatably mounted to housing 12. Motor assembly 19 is configured to rotate filter wheel 18. Beam splitter 17 is disposed within the filter wheel adjacent to or facing opening 12B in housing 12, as will be described further in detail in the following paragraphs. Radiation detector 20 is disposed on an opposite side of housing 12 opposite filter wheel 18 and facing opening 12B in housing 12 along an axis X-X. Radiation detector 21 is disposed along an axis Y-Y substantially perpendicular to axis X-X and facing a sidewall of filter wheel 18. Radiation detectors 20 and 21 can be mounted, for example, to housing 12 or mounted to a cover (not shown) of spectrometer 10. Alternatively, the radiation detector can be provided separate from spectrometer 10, in which case optical fibers may be used to guide light that exits filter wheel 18 to radiation detectors 20, 21.
  • Radiation detectors 20 and 21 include a radiation sensor, a biasing and amplification circuit and a signal processing unit for amplifying and processing an electrical signal output by the radiation sensor.
  • radiation detector 20 is selected to detect in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) region of the spectrum (e.g., between about 3 ⁇ m and about 8 ⁇ m) and radiation detector 21 is selected to detect in the infrared region (IR) of the spectrum (e.g., between about 7 ⁇ m to about 15 ⁇ m).
  • radiation detector (mid-IR) 20 comprises a lead selenide (PbSe) sensor.
  • radiation detector (IR) 21 comprises a pyroelectric sensor.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of filter wheel 18, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of filter wheel 18 along the cross-section B-B shown in FIG. 2.
  • filter wheel 18 has a body 18 A including a circular base 24A and an annular sidewall 24B connected to base 24A.
  • Base 24A and the sidewall can be constructed as separate pieces or can be integrally formed as one-piece.
  • base 24A and sidewall 24B of filter wheel 18 can be integrally formed from plastic in an injection molding process.
  • filter wheel 18 has a cylindrical shape such as a drum-shape or wheel- shape.
  • Filter wheel 18 comprises a plurality of filters 22A and a plurality of filters 22B.
  • Filters 22 A are disposed at openings in base 24A of the cylinder (face of the drum) filter wheel 18.
  • Filters 22B are disposed at openings in the sidewall 24B of the cylinder (rim of the drum) filter wheel 18.
  • filters 22A disposed on the base 24A are azimuthally spaced apart with the same angle around the axis of rotation of filter wheel 18.
  • filters 22B are equi distantly spaced apart around the sidewall 24B.
  • filters 22A can be spaced azimuthally at different angles and/or filters 22B can be spaced apart with the same distance or different distances.
  • Filters 22A can have the same size and/or shape or different sizes and/or shapes.
  • filters 22B can have the same size and/or shape or different sizes and/or shapes.
  • one or more filter e.g., filter 22A or filter 22B
  • filters 22 A or filters 22B can be sized or shaped to expand and occupy the position of two or more filters (e.g., filters 22 A or filters 22B). Such an arrangement removes the signal interruption and signal loss caused by the opaque filter wheel body.
  • light can be transmitted through the "expanded" filter during a time period double, triple or more the time period of other filters (filters 22 A or filters 22B) in filter wheel 18, hence providing a longer signal integration time which can improve a signal-to-noise ratio for that expanded filter.
  • filter wheel 18 is depicted herein having a cylindrical shape with a generally circular base, other shapes are also within the scope of the present invention.
  • the filter wheel 18 can have a cylindrical shape with a polygonal (e.g., triangular, square, hexagonal, octagonal, decagonal, etc.) base shape.
  • each of the 10 filters 22B can be positioned on each face of the 10 sidewalls of the decagonal base-shaped cylinder.
  • two filters 22A are selected to transmit in the mid- infrared (mid- IR) region of the spectrum in the absorption spectrum of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).
  • the spectral region of transmission of the two CO 2 filters 22 A is selected to be between about 3.5 ⁇ m and about 5 ⁇ m.
  • a narrower spectral band may also be used if desired such as a narrow spectral band centered around 4.25 ⁇ m for the CO 2 filters 22A.
  • Another filter 22A can be selected to transmit in a spectral band centered around 4.56 ⁇ m in the absorption spectrum of nitrous oxide (N 2 O).
  • Yet another filter 22A can be selected to transmit in a spectral band centered around 3.69 ⁇ m in the absorption spectrum of a reference substance.
  • the reference substance can be a calibrated amount Of CO 2 .
  • filters 22B on sidewall 24B of wheel 18 can be used to transmit various wavelength regions in the absorption spectrum of various chemical agents such as, but not limited to, anaesthesia agents (e.g., halothane, enfiurane, isofiurane, sevofiurane, and desflurane) or other medications.
  • anaesthesia agents e.g., halothane, enfiurane, isofiurane, sevofiurane, and desflurane
  • ten (10) filters 22B are provided on sidewall 24B of filter wheel 18.
  • Each bandpass filter 22B can be selected to transmit in one absorption spectral region specific to one or more of the chemical agents.
  • one or more filters 22B can be identical to each other and transmit the same spectral region.
  • Absorption peaks of various chemical agents of interest lie in the wavelength range between about 7 ⁇ m and about 15 ⁇ m. The most intense absorption peaks occur between 7 ⁇ m and 10.2 ⁇ m.
  • the five (5) chemical agents of interest such as halothane, enfiurane, isofiurane, sevofiurane, and desflurane, for example, have about nine (9) absorption peaks between about 7 ⁇ m and 07-09
  • One possible filter selection can be a series of bandpass filters with a wavelength transmission centered around the 9.65 ⁇ m, 9.10 ⁇ m, 8.60 ⁇ m, 8.20 ⁇ m, and 8.00 ⁇ m. If measurement of more chemical agents is needed, more bandpass filters can be added or substituted as desired.
  • filters 22A that are positioned on base 24A of filter wheel 18 are described above as being filters that transmit in the mid-IR (e.g., between about 3 ⁇ m and about 8 ⁇ m) and filters 22B that are disposed on sidewall 24B of filter wheel 18 are described above as filters that transmit in the IR range (e.g., between about 7 ⁇ m to about 15 ⁇ m), it can be appreciated that filters 22A and 22B can be interchanged.
  • filters 22A that transmit in the mid-IR can be positioned on sidewall 24B of filter wheel 18 while filters 22B that transmit in the IR (e.g., between about 7 ⁇ m to about 15 ⁇ m) can be positioned on base 24A of the filter wheel.
  • filters that transmit visible light can be disposed on base 24A of filter wheel 18 while mid-IR and/or other IR ranges transmitting filters can be disposed on sidewall 24B of the filter wheel.
  • filter wheel 18 is rotatably mounted to housing 12 via a bearing structure 26.
  • bearing structure 26 is a cup and ball type system comprising two curved seating cups 27 and an elongated spindle 28 having two rounded or semi-spherical ends 28A and 28B.
  • Elongated spindle 28 is rotatably held between the two seating cups 27. Specifically, rounded spherical ends 28A and 28B of elongated spindle 28 are brought in contact with the concave surface of the two seating cups 27.
  • Seating cups 27 can be mounted to housing 12 and a cover (not shown) of spectrometer 10 and elongated spindle 28 can be mounted to filter wheel 18 to define an axis of rotation of the filter wheel.
  • base 24A of filter wheel 18 can be mounted to elongated spindle 28 while sidewall 24B, which is connected to base 24A, may or may not be connected to spindle 28.
  • Bearing structure 26 can provide a low friction rotation system.
  • bearing structure 26 can provide self-centering of filter wheel 18.
  • filter wheel 18 can tolerate shock, as spindle 28 will tend to self align within seating cups 27.
  • cup and ball type system is illustrated herein, it can be appreciated that other types of bearing systems can be used such as magnetic bearings or rolling element bearings or ball bearings, etc.
  • filter wheel 18 including base 24A and sidewall 24B are described herein as being rotatably mounted to housing 12 via bearing structure 26, it can be appreciated that, in another embodiment, base 24A can be rotatably mounted to bearing structure 26 (e.g., mounted to spindle 28) while sidewall 24B can be independently mounted to another structure (e.g., fixedly mounted to another structure or rotatably mounted to another structure) or sidewall 24B can be omitted.
  • Filter wheel 18 comprises an armature portion 18B. Armature portion
  • Motor 19 is used to rotate filter wheel 18.
  • motor 19 is a stepping motor, such as a modified variable reluctance three phase motor.
  • Motor 19 comprises a rotor portion 30 and a stator portion 32.
  • Rotor portion 30 is part of armature portion 18B of filter wheel 18.
  • Rotor portion 30 is configured to interact with stator portion 32 of motor 19 to rotate filter wheel 18 about an axis defined by spindle 28.
  • Rotor portion 30 comprises a plurality of teeth or projections 34. The plurality of teeth or projections 34 act as rotor poles.
  • teeth 34 can be made from a magnetic or magnetizable material such as soft iron or a material comprising soft iron such as silicon steel.
  • the plurality of teeth or projections 34 in rotor portion 30 act as salient magnetic poles through magnetic reluctance and magnetically interact with a stator portion 32 of motor 19.
  • Stator portion 32 comprises a plurality of stator coils or stator poles 32A, 32B and 32C spaced around the rotor portion 30.
  • stator coils 32A, 32B and 32C include electrical stator winding 33A, 33B and 33C for energizing the stator coils 32A, 32B and 32C, respectively.
  • three (3) stator coils or stator poles 32A, 32B and 32C are used. However, it can be appreciated that two (2) or more stator poles can be used.
  • stator pole 34 When two or more rotor poles 34 are aligned with, i.e., facing, the two or more stator poles, minimum magnetic reluctance is achieved.
  • stator pole for example stator pole 32A
  • stator pole 32A When a stator pole (for example stator pole 32A) is energized a rotor torque develops in the direction that will reduce magnetic reluctance. As a result, the nearest rotor pole 34 is pulled from the unaligned position into alignment with the stator pole 32A (a position of minimum reluctance).
  • stator poles 32C in the case of a motor comprising 3 stator coils are arranged such that when one stator pole (e.g., stator pole 32A) is facing or is in alignment with the rotor poles 34, the other two stator poles (e.g., stator poles 32B and 32C) are not facing or only partially facing, i.e., are in misalignment with, rotor poles 34.
  • stator poles 32A, 32B and 32C when stator poles 32A, 32B and 32C are sequentially energized in a 3- phase electrical configuration, rotor poles 34 will sequentially align with the energized stator poles 32A, 32B and 32C.
  • stator pole 32A when stator pole 32A is energized in a first phase, as illustrated in FIG. 4A with hatched lines, the projections or rotor poles 34 of rotor portion 30 become aligned with the stator pole 32A while other rotor poles 34 in rotor portion 30 are misaligned with the stator poles 32B and 32C.
  • stator pole 32B is energized in a second phase, as illustrated in FIG. 4B with hatched lines
  • the projections or rotor poles 34 of rotor portion 30 become aligned with stator pole 32B while other rotor poles 34 in rotor portion 30 are misaligned with the stator poles 32A and 32C, thus forcing the rotor portion 30 to move counter clockwise.
  • stator pole 32C When the stator pole 32C is energized in a third phase, as illustrated in FIG. 4C with hatched lines, the projections or rotor poles 34 of rotor portion 30 become aligned with stator pole 32C while other rotor poles 34 in rotor portion 30 are misaligned with stator poles 32B and 32C thus further forcing rotor portion 30 to move counter clockwise.
  • stator poles 32 A, 32B, 32C By sequentially energizing stator poles 32 A, 32B, 32C, rotor poles 34 of rotor portion 30 (and thus the filter wheel 18) will rotate counter clockwise, as shown by the arrows in FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C.
  • motor 19 is configured (e.g., the electronic driver of the motor is configured) so as to keep detector(s) 20 and/or 21 serially synchronized with 07-09
  • motor 19 does not provide an indication of the rotation of the filter wheel relative to a reference point (e.g., the motor does not provide a "start" or "filter one" reference indication).
  • the location of one of filters 22 A and/or one of filters 22B positions can be blanked off.
  • a zero detector signal detected by the detector 20 and/or 21 when the blanked filter position is in the path of light in conjunction with the drive pulses of the motor 19 and the sequence of "on" signals to the various phases of motor 19 can define the location of the filter wheel 18, i.e., the location of each filter in the filter wheel 18.
  • the blanked off position can also be used to provide a signal offset test to detectors 20 and 21.
  • a small magnet can be placed on one of the plurality of teeth 34 so that a back- electromagnetic force (back-emf) can be generated on a specific stator pole 32A, 32B or 32C, as the magnet moves past the stator.
  • the magnet can also be placed with poles perpendicular to a plane of armature portion 18B of filter wheel 18, anywhere on armature portion 18B, and a separate pickup coil above or below the magnet can be used to sense when the magnet passes by during the rotation of armature portion 18B (i.e., during the rotation of the filter wheel 18).
  • a small hole can be placed in the base 24A of filter wheel 18, in sidewall 24B of filter wheel 18, or armature 18B of filter wheel 18 (inside of the tooth radius) so that a conventional light emitting diode (LED) can be used to direct light through the hole to an additional separate photodetector positioned to receive the light and thus provide a reference point.
  • LED light emitting diode
  • any device capable of providing a reference signal (reference point) can be used.
  • filter wheel 18 is shown rotating in a counter clockwise direction, a rotation in the clockwise direction can also be achieved by energizing stator poles 32A, 32B and 32C in a reverse sequence, i.e., energizing stator pole 32C in phase 1, stator pole 32B in phase 2 and stator pole 32C in phase 3.
  • motor 07-09 motor 07-09
  • teeth 34 can be shaped or shading bars added to armature portion 18B of filter wheel 18 to define the start direction.
  • logic can be added to the detectors circuitry to determine which direction the filter wheel is rotating.
  • radiation beam 100 emitted by radiation source 16 is directed towards opening 12A of housing 12 to be transmitted through the window in opening 14A in airway adapter 14.
  • Radiation beam 100 that passed through window 15A in opening 14A passes through a central portion 15 of airway adapter 14, then through window 15B in opening 14B to exit through opening 12B in housing 12.
  • Windows 15A and 15B in openings 14A and 14B are selected from a material so as to be substantially transparent at wavelengths of radiation of interest (e.g., between about 3 ⁇ m and about 15 ⁇ m) in the radiation emitted by the radiation source 16.
  • a spectral portion of radiation beam 100 is absorbed by molecules (e.g., CO 2 , N 2 O, or other chemical substances, or any combination of two or more thereof) that are present in airway adapter 14.
  • Radiation beam 100 exiting from opening 12B is split by beam splitter 17 disposed within filter wheel 18 into two radiation beams 101 and 102.
  • beam splitter 17 splits radiation beam 100 into two beams 101 and 102 in two spectral regions without substantially any energy loss.
  • beam splitter 17 splits radiation beam 100 into two beam portions 101 and 102 (e.g., having approximately equal intensity) without splitting the spectrum of beam 100 into two spectral regions.
  • a conventional relatively non-expensive semi-reflecting or semi-transparent mirror at the radiation of interest can be used as a beam splitter 17.
  • Radiation beam 101 is directed along the X-X axis towards one of filters 22 A disposed on the base 24A of filter wheel 18 and radiation beam 102 is directed along the axis Y-Y perpendicular to the axis X-X towards one of filters 22B disposed on sidewall 24B of filter wheel 18. Radiation beam 101 passes through one of the filters 22A in filter wheel 18 before reaching radiation detector 20. Radiation beam 102 passes through one of the filters 22B in filter wheel 18 before reaching radiation detector 21. 07-09
  • Filter 22A filters out a portion of a wavelength spectrum of radiation beam
  • filter 22B filters out a portion of a wavelength spectrum of radiation beam 102 and transmits a portion of the wavelength spectrum centered around a wavelength region of interest (for example a region in the absorption spectrum of a chemical agent such as halothane).
  • the geometry of filter wheel 18 coupled with the use of a spectral beam splitter 17, allows the use of two (2) separate detectors 20 and 21 for detecting two spectral regions, each detector being dedicated to detect one spectral region (e.g., mid-IR and IR).
  • a desired filter 22A in the filter wheel can be selected to transmit a desired portion of the wavelength spectrum (for example a region in the absorption spectrum of CO 2 ) in radiation beam 101.
  • a desired filter 22B in the filter wheel can be selected to transmit a desired portion of the wavelength spectrum (for example a region in the absorption spectrum of halothane) in radiation beam 102.
  • filter wheel 18 can be constructed such that base 24A of the filter wheel is rotatable while sidewall 24B of the filter wheel is fixed.
  • filter wheel 18 can also be constructed such that sidewall 24B of the filter wheel is rotatable while base 24A of the filter wheel is fixed. In this way, base 24A or sidewall 24B of filter wheel 18 can be independently rotated from the other if desired.
  • beam splitter 17 is mounted to a movable mount (not shown).
  • the movable mount can be a motorized or a mechanically movable mount.
  • the movable mount enables beam splitter 17 to be moved out of the path of the radiation beam 100.
  • the radiation beam will not be split into two beams 101 and 102.
  • radiation beam 100 continues in its path along the X-X axis towards one of filters 22A disposed on base 24A of the filter wheel before reaching radiation detector 20 in the same manner as described in U.S. Patent No. 7,235,054 to Eckerbom, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 07-09
  • each of filters 22B is used to measure the absorption of each of the chemical agents
  • the filter wheel is rotated by a 36 degree step, i.e., 360 degrees divided by the number of filters 22B (e.g., 10).
  • an amount of energy collected by the CO 2 molecules in airway adapter 14 is equal to 5 (180 degrees rotation for each CO 2 filter 22 A divided by 36 degrees rotation for each agent filter 22B) times the amount of energy collected by a chemical agent.
  • the signal-to-noise ratio for CO 2 absorption measurement is better than the signal-to-noise ratio for chemical agent absorption measurement, other parameters being equal.
  • the ratio between an amount of energy collected by the CO 2 molecules and an amount of energy collected by the chemical agent is equal to m/n, where m is the number of agent filters 22B and n is the number of filters 22A for a molecule of interest (e.g., CO 2 ).
  • m is the number of agent filters 22B
  • n is the number of filters 22A for a molecule of interest (e.g., CO 2 ).
  • the ratio between an amount of energy collected by N 2 O molecules and an amount of energy collected by a chemical agent is equal to 10, in principle.
  • the filter wheel can be configured to rotate at a rotation speed between about 2000 RPM and about 3000 RPM.
  • a rotation speed of about 3000 RPM provides a sample rate for measuring CO 2 absorption of about 50 samples/second.
  • a sample rate for CO 2 can be between about 50 samples/second and about 100 samples/second so that a response time for a patient breath can be at least 10 cycles/second as the average breathing rate for most healthy people is in the range of 10 to 18 breaths per minute. If two or more CO 2 filters 22A are used, the speed of rotation can be reduced, for example divided by 2, to a value between about 07-09
  • the response time for the other chemicals or agents can be one cycle/second or less, thus allowing a much slower sampling rate than the sampling rate Of CO 2 .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic front view of a filter wheel 48, according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the filter wheel 48 along the cross-section BB shown in FIG. 5.
  • Filter wheel 48 is similar in many aspects to filter wheel 18.
  • Filter wheel 48 has a cylindrical shape such as a drum-shape or wheel shape.
  • Filter wheel 48 comprises a plurality of filters 52A and a plurality of filters 52B.
  • Filters 52A are disposed at openings in base 54A of the cylinder (face of the drum) filter wheel 48.
  • Filters 52B are disposed at openings in a sidewall 54B of the cylinder (rim of the drum) filter wheel 48.
  • filters 52 A disposed on base 54A are azimuthally spaced apart with the same angle around the axis of rotation of the filter wheel 48.
  • filters 52B are equidistantly spaced apart around the sidewall 54B.
  • filters 52A can be spaced azimuthally at different angles and/or the filters 52B can be spaced apart with the same distance or different distances.
  • Filters 52A can have the same size and/or shape or different sizes and/or shapes.
  • filters 52B can have the same size and/or shape or different sizes and/or shapes.
  • one or more filter e.g., filter 52A or filter 52B
  • filters 52 A or filters 52B can be sized or shaped to expand and occupy the position of two or more filters (e.g., filters 52 A or filters 52B). Such an arrangement removes the signal interruption and signal loss caused by the opaque filter wheel body.
  • light can be transmitted through the "expanded" filter during a time period double, triple or more the time period of other filters (filters 52 A or filters 52B) in the filter wheel 48, hence providing a longer signal integration time which can improve a signal-to-noise ratio for that expanded filter.
  • filters 52A are provided on the base 54A of the filter wheel 48 and a plurality of filters 52B are provided on the sidewall 54B of filter wheel 48.
  • any number of filters 52 A can be provided on base 54A and any number of filters 52B can be provided on the sidewall or rim 54B of the filter wheel 48.
  • sidewall 54B of filter wheel 48 is wider than the sidewall 24B of filter wheel 18, and thus a greater number of filters 52B can be positioned therein.
  • three rows often (10) filters 52B can be provided on sidewall 54B of filter wheel 48.
  • Filters 52B in each row in sidewall 54 can be aligned to each other or positioned in a staggered configuration.
  • the staggered configuration can be used, for example, to reduce the width of sidewall 54B.
  • filter wheel 48 is depicted herein having a cylindrical shape with a generally circular base, other shapes are also within the scope of the present invention.
  • the filter wheel 48 can have a cylindrical shape with a polygonal (e.g., triangular, square, hexagonal, octagonal, decagonal, etc.) base shape.
  • a polygonal e.g., triangular, square, hexagonal, octagonal, decagonal, etc.
  • each of then (10) filters 52B can be positioned on each of the ten (10) sidewalls of the decagonal base-shaped cylinder for each of the three rows of the sidewall 54B.
  • two filters 52A can be selected to transmit, in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) region of the spectrum in the absorption spectrum of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).
  • Another filter 52A can be selected to transmit in a spectral band centered around 4.56 ⁇ m in the absorption spectrum of nitrous oxide (N 2 O).
  • Yet another filter 52A can be selected to transmit in a spectral band centered around 3.69 ⁇ m in the absorption spectrum of a reference substance.
  • the reference substance can be a calibrated amount of CO 2 .
  • the filters 52B on sidewall 54B of wheel 48 can be used to transmit various wavelength regions in the absorption spectrum of various chemical agents such as, but not limited to, various anaesthesia agents or chemical agents and medications. Absorption peaks of various chemical agents of interest lie in the wavelength range between about 7 ⁇ m and about 15 ⁇ m.
  • three rows of 10 filters 52B are provided on the sidewall 54B of the filter wheel 48. Each bandpass filter 52B can be selected to transmit in one absorption spectral region specific to one or more of the chemical agents. Alternatively, one or more filters 52B can be identical to each other and transmit the same spectral region. 07-09
  • filters 52A that are positioned on base 54A of filter wheel 48 are described above as being filters that transmit in the mid-IR (e.g., between about 3 ⁇ m and about 8 ⁇ m) and filters 52B that are disposed on sidewall 54B of the filter wheel are described above as filters that transmit in the IR range (e.g., between about 7 ⁇ m to about 15 ⁇ m), it can be appreciated that filters 52 A and 52B can be interchanged.
  • filters 52A that transmit in the mid-IR can be positioned on sidewall 54B of filter wheel 18, while filters 52B that transmit in the IR (e.g., between about 7 ⁇ m to about 15 ⁇ m) can be positioned on base 24A of the filter wheel.
  • filters that transmit visible light can be disposed on base 54A of filter wheel 48 while mid-IR and/or other IR ranges transmitting filters can be disposed on sidewall 54B of the filter wheel.
  • filter wheel 48 is rotatably mounted to housing
  • bearing structure 26 can be sized to accommodate the wider sidewall 54B of filter wheel 48.
  • spindle 28 of bearing structure 26 can be made longer to accommodate the width of sidewall 54B of filter wheel 48.
  • motor 19 is used to rotate filter wheel 48, as described in the above paragraphs.
  • a plurality of beam splitters 47 A, 47B and 47C can be positioned within filter wheel 48.
  • beam splitter 47A can be positioned within filter wheel 48 so as to direct a portion of the radiation beam towards a filter wheel 52B in a third row of sidewall 54B.
  • Beam splitter 47B can be positioned within filter wheel 48 so as to direct a portion of the radiation beam towards a filter wheel 52B in a second row of sidewall 54B.
  • Beam splitter 47C can be positioned within filter wheel 48 so as to direct a portion of the radiation beam towards a filter wheel 52B in a first row of sidewall 54B.
  • a plurality of radiation detectors 21 A, 2 IB and 21C can be disposed facing each row of the sidewall 54B of the filter wheel 48.
  • the radiation detector 21C can be positioned facing the first row of the sidewall 54B closest to the base 54A
  • the radiation detector 2 IB can be positioned facing the 07-09
  • second row (central row) of sidewall 54B, and radiation detector 21 A can be positioned facing the third row of sidewall 54B, as depicted in FIG. 6.
  • each of beam splitters 47 A, 47B and 47C splits an incident radiation beam into two beams in two spectral regions without substantial energy loss.
  • each of beam splitters 47 A, 47B and 47C splits an incident beam into two beam portions (e.g., having approximately equal intensity) without splitting the spectrum of the incident beam 100 into two spectral regions.
  • a conventional relatively non-expensive semi-reflecting or semi-transparent mirror at the radiation of interest can be used as a beam splitter 47 A, 47B, 47C.
  • Windows 15A and 15B in openings 14A and 14B are selected from a material so as to be substantially transparent at wavelengths of radiation of interest (e.g., between about 3 ⁇ m and about 15 ⁇ m) in the radiation emitted by the radiation source 16.
  • a spectral portion of the beam 100 is absorbed by molecules (e.g., CO 2 , N 2 O, or other chemical substances, or any combination of two or more thereof) that are present in airway adapter 14.
  • Radiation beam 100 exiting from opening 12B is split by beam splitter 47A disposed within filter wheel 48 into two radiation beams IOOA and 10OB. Radiation beam IOOA is directed (for example, in a direction oriented out of the plane of FIG.
  • Radiation beam IOOB is directed towards splitter 47B disposed within filter wheel 48. Radiation beam IOOB is split by beam splitter 47B into two radiation beams IOOC and 10OD. Radiation beam IOOC is directed towards one of filters 52B located in the second row in sidewall 54B before reaching detector 21B facing the second row in sidewall 54B.
  • Radiation beam IOOD is directed towards beam splitter 47C disposed within filter wheel 48. Radiation beam IOOD is split by beam splitter 47C into two radiation beams IOOE and 10OF. Radiation beam IOOE is directed towards one of the filters 52B located in the first row in sidewall 54B before reaching detector 21 C facing the third row in sidewall 54B. Radiation detector IOOF passes through one of the filters 52A before reaching detector 20 facing base 54A of filter wheel 48.
  • Each filter 52A on base 54A of filter wheel 48 and each filter 52B in each row on sidewall 54B of the filter wheel can be selected to transmit a wavelength region of the spectrum specific to an absorption region of a compound.
  • two filters 52A on base 54A of filter wheel 48 can be selected to transmit a portion of the wavelength spectrum centered around a wavelength region of interest in the absorption spectrum of CO 2 .
  • filter 52B can be selected to transmit a portion of the wavelength spectrum centered around a wavelength region of interest (for example a region in the absorption spectrum of a chemical agent such as halothane).
  • absorption at a plurality of wavelength regions can be simultaneously measured.
  • multiple rows e.g., first and second rows
  • multiple rows can be assigned to the same general spectral region so as to measure spectral details of the spectral region.
  • multiple rows e.g., first and second rows
  • filter wheel 48 can be constructed such that base 54A of the filter wheel is rotatable while sidewall 54B of the filter wheel is fixed.
  • filter wheel 48 can also be constructed such that sidewall 54B of filter wheel 48 is rotatable while base 54 A of the filter wheel is fixed. In this way, base 54A or the sidewall 54B of filter wheel 48 can be independently rotated of the other if desired.
  • sidewall 54B and base 54A are both rotatable, but rotatable independently of one another. Such an arrangement provides added flexibility.
  • the plurality of beam splitters 47 A, 47B and 47C can be mounted to one or more movable mounts (not shown).
  • the one or more movable mounts can be motorized or mechanically movable.
  • beam splitters 47 A, 47B and/or 47C enables selected beam splitters 47 A, 47B and/or 47C to be moved out of the path of the radiation beam 100.
  • beam splitters 47A, 47B and/or 47C are moved out of the path of radiation beam 100, radiation beam 100 will not be split into two beams by the beam splitters 47 A, 47B and/or 47C.
  • the radiation beam 100 continues in its path along the X-X axis towards one of filters 52A disposed on base 54A of filter wheel 48 before reaching the radiation detector 20.
  • radiation beam 100 is split into two beams by beam splitter 47C.
  • One portion of radiation beam 100 is directed towards one of filters 52B located in the first row in sidewall 54B before reaching detector 21C facing the third row in sidewall 54B and another portion of the radiation beam passes through one of the filters 52A located in base 54A before reaching detector 20 facing base 54A of filter wheel 48.
  • the radiation beam can be directed and split as desired by positioning appropriate beam splitters in front of radiation beam 100.
  • the spectrometer and the filter wheel of the present invention are described herein as being usable for the purpose of measuring compounds or gases in a respiratory tract of a patient, it can be appreciated that the spectrometer and/or the filter wheel can be used in other medical applications such as for measuring chemicals (e.g., glucose) in the blood stream or used in other non-medical applications such as measuring 07-09
  • fluid e.g., liquid and/or gas
  • fluids e.g., gases

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention concerne une roue de filtre et un spectromètre incluant ladite roue de filtre. Cette roue de filtre présente une première structure de support sur laquelle une première pluralité de filtres sont montés, et une seconde structure de support sur laquelle au moins un filtre est prévu. Une source de rayonnement produit un faisceau de rayonnement, et un séparateur de faisceau sépare ledit faisceau de rayonnement en un premier chemin de détection et en un second chemin de détection. La première pluralité de filtres peut être déplacée sélectivement dans le premier chemin de détection. Le ou les filtres sur la seconde structure de support sont disposés pour être situés sur le second chemin de détection. Le spectromètre inclut un premier détecteur de rayonnement qui détecte le rayonnement passant à travers le filtre sélectionné sur le premier chemin de détection, et un second détecteur de rayonnement qui détecte un rayonnement traversant le filtre sur le second chemin de détection.
PCT/IB2009/054860 2008-11-18 2009-11-02 Spectromètre de roue de filtre WO2010058311A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BRPI0916005-1A BRPI0916005B1 (pt) 2008-11-18 2009-11-02 espectrômetro que compreende uma roda de filtros
EP09756852.1A EP2359111B1 (fr) 2008-11-18 2009-11-02 Spectromètre de roue de filtre
US13/128,799 US8477311B2 (en) 2008-11-18 2009-11-02 Filter wheel spectrometer
JP2011543854A JP5527858B2 (ja) 2008-11-18 2009-11-02 フィルタホイール分光計
CN200980145929.0A CN102216744B (zh) 2008-11-18 2009-11-02 滤光轮分光计
US13/916,683 US8937720B2 (en) 2008-11-18 2013-06-13 Filter wheel spectrometer

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US11575708P 2008-11-18 2008-11-18
US61/115,757 2008-11-18

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US13/128,799 A-371-Of-International US8477311B2 (en) 2008-11-18 2009-11-02 Filter wheel spectrometer
US13/916,683 Division US8937720B2 (en) 2008-11-18 2013-06-13 Filter wheel spectrometer

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US8477311B2 (en) 2013-07-02
JP2012509493A (ja) 2012-04-19
BRPI0916005B1 (pt) 2019-11-12
US8937720B2 (en) 2015-01-20
EP2359111A2 (fr) 2011-08-24
CN102216744B (zh) 2015-04-01
BRPI0916005A2 (pt) 2015-11-03
US20130270440A1 (en) 2013-10-17
US20110249262A1 (en) 2011-10-13
JP5527858B2 (ja) 2014-06-25
WO2010058311A3 (fr) 2010-07-29
EP2359111B1 (fr) 2017-10-25
CN102216744A (zh) 2011-10-12

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