WO2010058163A1 - Cadres - Google Patents

Cadres Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010058163A1
WO2010058163A1 PCT/GB2009/002697 GB2009002697W WO2010058163A1 WO 2010058163 A1 WO2010058163 A1 WO 2010058163A1 GB 2009002697 W GB2009002697 W GB 2009002697W WO 2010058163 A1 WO2010058163 A1 WO 2010058163A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
frame
members
component
thermal conductivity
low thermal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2009/002697
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Richard Clement
Original Assignee
Clement Steel Windows Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Clement Steel Windows Limited filed Critical Clement Steel Windows Limited
Publication of WO2010058163A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010058163A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/04—Wing frames not characterised by the manner of movement
    • E06B3/263—Frames with special provision for insulation
    • E06B3/26301—Frames with special provision for insulation with prefabricated insulating strips between two metal section members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
    • E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
    • E06B5/16—Fireproof doors or similar closures; Adaptations of fixed constructions therefor
    • E06B5/161—Profile members therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to frames and/or an assembly comprising frames which may be suitable for use in construction, e.g. windows and/or doors and/or the frames therefor, and particularly, although not exclusively, for the construction of double glazed steel windows and/or doors and/or the frames therefor.
  • Double glazed windows and/or doors and/or the frames therefor are usually constructed from frame members of plastics or metal, e.g. steel. Steel is often advantageous because its strength allows for the frames to have a smaller footprint. This can improve aesthetic and functional considerations, for example an aperture of a certain size can allow more light through and/or a larger glazing unit can be provided.
  • longitudinal, metal frame members are formed from hot-rolling steel.
  • the hot rolled steel is formed from a slab of steel passed between a set of rollers. The temperature of the steel is raised above its recrystallisation temperature and then worked into shape and subsequently surface treated to prevent corrosion, e.g. by galvanising and/or painting or powder coating.
  • Frame members are then connected at their ends to provide corners, e.g. by welding, to provide a frame, which frame can be mounted within an aperture, e.g. an aperture provided within a wall.
  • the frame may further comprise grilles made from the same frame members, mounted, e.g. by welding, onto the frame.
  • Additional lengths of the same or similar frame members can be connected at their ends to provide the peripheral supporting structure of an insulated glazing unit, e.g. an insulated glazing unit to be used in a window or door.
  • the windows and/or doors can subsequently be installed onto the abovementioned frame, to provide fixed windows and/or operable windows and doors.
  • a further detriment lies in the method of manufacturing a window and/or door using such a frame member.
  • a fascia is affixed onto one face of the frame member. This is typically done by attaching the fascia (usually to the external . face of a building) to a clip member, fastened, e.g. by rivets, to a horizontal body portion of the frame member.
  • this method can be time consuming.
  • holes are drilled through the horizontal body portion of the frame member. This is particularly disadvantageous because the holes are in a fixed location. Also, any errors made during drilling are irreversible.
  • a frame for an opening comprising a first member and a second member interposed between which is a component with a low thermal conductivity and, preferably, a low coefficient of thermal expansion, the first and second members providing the front and rear surfaces of the frame, respectively, and the distance between said surfaces being less than 50mm.
  • a frame for an opening comprising a first hot rolled steel member and a second hot rolled steel member interposed between which is a component with a low thermal conductivity and, preferably, a low coefficient of thermal expansion, the first and second hot rolled steel members providing the front and rear surfaces of the frame, respectively.
  • the frame may provide a peripheral edge of a building element, e.g. a window or a door.
  • the frame may provide a housing for a building element.
  • the building element is mounted onto the frame, e.g. by mounting means such as bolts or adhesive.
  • the element may be mounted by means of a hinge to provide an operable window or door.
  • the hinge may be provided on one or more of the top, bottom or side of the frame.
  • the building element comprises a panel and/or an insulated glazing unit.
  • the building element has a U value of less than 2 W/m 2 K, for example in the region of 0.5 to 2 W/m 2 K, say, 0.6 to 1.8 W/m 2 K, e.g. 1.2 to 1.7 W/m 2 K, say, 1.6 W/m 2 K.
  • the component with a low thermal conductivity has a U value in the region of 0.1 to 0.3 W/m 2 K, say, 0.18 to 0.26 W/m 2 K, e.g. 0.22 W/m 2 K.
  • the first and second members or first and second hot rolled steel members are formed by separating a single longitudinal member along its principal axis into two parts.
  • the longitudinal member is made from hot-rolling a piece of metal, e.g. steel.
  • the metal is stainless steel.
  • first and second members or first and second hot rolled steel members are formed as separate bodies.
  • the members comprise a major portion and a minor portion.
  • the minor portion extends orthogonally from the major portion in a region inboard of the distal end of the major portion resulting in the member comprising a short extending portion aligned with the major portion.
  • One or both of the first and second members are preferably L-shaped.
  • the or each L-shaped member may comprise an extension portion, contiguous with one of the limbs and extending beyond the point of the juncture of the limbs.
  • the L-shaped members may be identical.
  • the component with a low thermal conductivity may be an extruded or pultruded member, preferably the latter. It may be a longitudinal member formed by drawing fibre lengths into a pultrusion die and consolidating the fibres with resin, e.g. one of polyester, polyurethane, epoxy, phenolic, vinylester or modar, preferably polyurethane.
  • resin e.g. one of polyester, polyurethane, epoxy, phenolic, vinylester or modar, preferably polyurethane.
  • Pultrusion is the preferred technique for at least the following reasons. Firstly, a pultruded component is typically stronger than its extruded counterpart. Moreover, in use, the pultruded fibres run parallel with the principal axis of the longitudinal members. This reduces heat loss across a frame, e.g. from the inside to the outside of a building, because the fibres have the effect of inducing conduction around the frame.
  • the fibres may be selected as one or more of natural fibre, carbon or glass fibre.
  • the component comprises 20 to 50 w/w% resin, e.g. 20 to 40 w/w% with the remainder being fibre.
  • the component may comprise 0 to 80 w/w% fibre which may be glass and/or carbon fibre, e.g. 20 w/w% carbon, 40 w/w% glass, 40 w/w% resin.
  • the component provides a thermal break, e.g. to prevent, minimise or limit heat transfer from the inside to the outside of a building.
  • the component comprises a body portion having opposed longitudinal cavities formed along its principal axis.
  • the longitudinal cavities are suitably sized and dimensioned to receive portions, e.g. minor portions of the members, such that the portions extend towards one another.
  • adhesive e.g. methyl methacrylate
  • methyl methacrylate is applied to at least one of the cavity or the portion to adhere the two parts together.
  • the component comprises one or more additional longitudinal cavities, e.g. a cavity suitably sized and dimensioned to receive a formation of a fascia part.
  • the fascia part may be formed from any suitable material, including metal, e.g. aluminium or steel, or a pultruded or extruded section.
  • adhesive e.g. methyl methacrylate
  • methyl methacrylate is applied to at least one of the one or more cavities or in the formation of the fascia part.
  • the component comprises at least one hole passing through its body portion.
  • the at least one hole is elongate and has a major axis running parallel to the principal axis of the member.
  • the at least one hole may be substantially circular.
  • the member may comprise an integral spacing bead for abutting or being adjacent a glazing unit or other panel.
  • a method of forming a frame comprising forming a metal member, joining four such metal members at their ends to form a frame with a front and a rear surface, splitting the frame at a point between its front and rear surfaces to form two substantially equivalent frames and joining the frames together with a component having a low thermal conductivity interposed therebetween.
  • a method of forming a frame comprising forming a metal member, joining four metal members at their ends to form a frame, joining four more metal members to form a second frame and joining the first and second frames together with a component having a low thermal conductivity and, preferably, a low coefficient of thermal expansion interposed therebetween, wherein the metal members or the frames are surface treated two times.
  • the first surface treatment is galvanising, e.g. hot dip galvanising.
  • the second surface treatment is painting or powder coating, e.g. polyester coating.
  • the ends of each metal member length are chamfered before connecting to form the corners of a frame.
  • a thermal break for a frame being fabricated from a material with a low thermal conductivity and, preferably, a low coefficient of thermal expansion and comprising at least one rebate for retention of at least one portion of a frame fascia part.
  • the thermal break comprises through holes along its principal axis.
  • a thermal break for a frame the thermal break being fabricated from a material with a low thermal conductivity and, preferably, a low coefficient of thermal expansion and having a plurality of through holes spaced along its length.
  • Figure 1 is a plan view of a window comprising a prior art steel framework
  • Figures 2A to 2E show cross sectional views along lines AA to EE of Figure 1, respectively;
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view along line AA of the window of
  • Figure 4 is a cross sectional view of frame members of the present invention
  • Figures 5A, 5B and 5C are sectional views of components of the frame members according to the invention
  • Figure 6 is a sectional view of a further component
  • Figure 7 is a sectional view of a longitudinal hot rolled steel member according to the invention
  • Figure 8 is a sectional view of a longitudinal hot rolled steel member according to the invention
  • Figure 9 is a plan view of a window formed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a section along line A-A of Figure 9;
  • Figure 11 is a section along line B-B of Figure 9; and
  • Figure 12 is a section along line C-C of Figure 9.
  • top, bottom, vertical and horizontal is not limiting on the invention. It is merely used in relation to the drawings to aid comprehension thereof.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a steel prior art window frame 1 in which are mounted a top hung casement 2, fixed windows 3, 5 and a side hung casement 4.
  • FIGs 2A to 2E there are shown cross sectional views along the lines AA to EE of Figure 1, respectively.
  • Three distinct sectional frame members 10, 30, 50 are shown, which frame members 10, 30, 50 form the frame 1 and/or various parts of the windows 3, 5 and casements 2, 4.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown, in detail, a cross sectional view along line AA of Figure 1 showing a prior art casement 2 mounted on frame 1.
  • the casement 2 is shown closed.
  • the casement 2 is mounted onto steel frame 1 by means of hinges mounted on its top edge (not shown) to provide a mechanism which allows the casement 2 to be opened and closed by pivoting about the hinges.
  • the frame 1 and casement 2 comprise identical frame members 10 and the casement 2 further comprises an insulated glazing unit 100.
  • the frame member 10 comprises a horizontal body portion 11 which interconnects first and second parallel vertical members 12, 13, the first 12 upstanding from a first end of the body portion 11 and the second 13 depending from a second end of the body portion 11.
  • a short depending part 14 Aligned with the first member 12 is a short depending part 14 and aligned with the second member 13 is a short upstanding part 15.
  • the casement 2 houses the insulated glazing unit 100.
  • the glazing unit 100 comprises a pair of spaced glass sheets 101 hermetically sealed to form a single unit with an air gap therebetween.
  • the sheets 101 are spaced by a spacer 102 and seals 103 are provided therein.
  • a clip member 17 is fastened onto a lower face of the body portion 11 of the frame member 10 to which the upper edge of the glazing unit 100 faces.
  • the clip member 17 has provided therein a channel 18 which can receive, in use, a complementary shaped formation 20 of a facia 19.
  • the facia 19 is provided on the external face of the casement 2 (typically the face on the outside of a building) to give aesthetic appeal.
  • a plurality of longitudinally spaced clip members 17 are secured to the body portion 11.
  • the casement 2 rotates about the hinge (not shown) connecting the frame member 10 of the frame 1 with the frame member 10 of the casement 2.
  • beads 21a, 21b of elastomeric material are provided on facing surfaces of each frame member 10, e.g. on the second member 13 facing upstanding part 15.
  • the beads 21a, 21b abut each other to provide a seal.
  • Frame member 30 is substantially T-shaped and comprises a major vertical portion 31 and a horizontal portion 32 extending therefrom.
  • the horizontal portion 32 extends from the centre of a major face of the major vertical portion 31 and at the distal end further comprises a minor vertical portion 33, which minor vertical portion 33 is connected to the horizontal portion 32 at the centre of its major face.
  • An insulated glazing unit 100, clip member 17, seals 103 and fascia 19 are provided on the frame member 30 in the same way as already described for the frame member 10 above.
  • Frame member 50 comprises a horizontal body portion 51 which interconnects first and second parallel vertical members 52, 55, the first 52 connected to a first end of the horizontal portion 51 in a region off centre, such that the upstanding portion 53 is shorter than the depending portion 54, and the second 55 connected to a second end of the horizontal portion 51 in a region adjacent one end of the vertical member 55, such that the upstanding portion 56 is substantially smaller than the depending portion 57.
  • the spacer 58 is substantially U- shaped and comprises two parallel horizontal portions 59, 60 aligned adjacent each other and interconnected at corresponding ends by an upstanding portion 61.
  • An insulated glazing unit 100, clip member 17, seals 103 and fascia 19 are provided for the same reasons as described for the frame member 10, however, they are provided instead on a lower facing edge of the horizontal portion 60 of the spacer 58.
  • the frame members 10, 30, 50 are formed from longitudinal hot rolled steel.
  • the hot rolled steel is formed from a slab of metal passed between a set of rollers when the temperature of the metal is above its recrystallisation temperature.
  • the metal is subsequently worked into shape before being post treated to prevent corrosion, e.g. by galvanising, painting or other surface treatments.
  • lengths of sectional frame members 10, 20, 30 are cut and joined together, e.g. by welding.
  • Figure 4 there is shown a cross sectional view similar to that of Figure 3, i.e. for the same purpose, but showing frame members 10' of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 shows the casement 2' mounted on frame 1' by means of hinges mounted on its top edge (not shown) to provide a mechanism to allow the casement 2' to be opened and closed by pivoting about the hinge.
  • the casement 2' is shown closed.
  • the frame 1' and the casement 2' comprise frame members 10'.
  • the casement 2' further comprises an insulated glazing unit 100'.
  • the frame members 10' each comprise two identical longitudinal L-shaped members 11a', lib' and a longitudinal spacer 12', 13' (depending on whether the member 10' is part of the frame 1' or casement 2') interposed therebetween.
  • the L-shaped members 11a', lib' comprise a major vertical portion 110a', 110b' and a minor horizontal portion Ilia', 111b', each vertical portion 110a', 110b' having an aligned extended portion 112a', 112b' extending beyond the horizontal portion Ilia', 111b'.
  • Each minor horizontal portion Ilia', 111b' is conveniently provided with a chamfer at a free end thereof.
  • the join between each major vertical portion 110a', 110b' and the respective horizontal portion Ilia', 111b' is preferably formed as a curve having a first radius.
  • the L-shaped members 11a', lib' are aligned as if the second lib' were rotated 180° from the first 11a' about a point equidistant between the two, such that the two minor portions Ilia', 111b' extend toward one another and the two major portions 110a', 110b' extend in parallel but opposite directions.
  • the frame members 10' of the frame 1' and casement 2' comprise respective spacers 12', 13' interposed between L-shaped members 11a', lib' with minor portions Ilia', 111b' retained in elongate cavities 120', 121'; 130', 131' of the spacer 12', 13'.
  • the first spacer 12' comprises a body portion having a pair of oppositely longitudinal cavities 120', 121' formed along its principal axis.
  • the cavities 120', 121' are suitably sized and dimensioned to receive the minor portions of the L-shaped members Ilia', 111b'. It will be appreciated that the chamfer at the free end of each minor portion Ilia',
  • the spacer 12' has a "top” facing edge 125' and a “bottom” facing edge 126', the top facing edge 125' being substantially flat and the bottom facing edge having formations 127', 128' extending therefrom.
  • the first formation 127' comprises a minor vertical portion 127a' depending from the bottom facing edge 126' of the spacer 12' and a major horizontal portion 127b' running parallel to the top facing edge 125' of the spacer 12', which portion 127b' and one end 125a' of the top facing edge 125' define the cavity 121'.
  • the second formation 128' comprises a vertical portion 128a' depending from the bottom facing edge 126' of the spacer 12' having a horizontal portion 128b' extending therefrom, which horizontal portion 128b' and a second end 125b' of the top facing edge 125' define the cavity 120'.
  • the second end 125b' of the top facing edge 125' is conveniently formed with a chamfer.
  • a vertical portion 128c' depends from the distal end of the horizontal portion 128b', which vertical portion 128c' and vertical portion 128a' define an additional longitudinal cavity 122'.
  • the open end of the cavity 122' provides a pair of inwardly facing flanges 123', 124'.
  • An outer surface of the horizontal portion 128b' and an outer surface of the vertical portion 128c' come together to form a second radius.
  • the second spacer 13' comprises a body portion having oppositely opposed longitudinal cavities 130', 131' formed along its principal axis.
  • the cavities 130', 131' are suitably sized and dimensioned to receive the minor portions of the L-shaped members 11a', lib'.
  • top facing edge 135' has a "top" facing edge 135' and a “bottom” facing edge 136', the top facing edge 135' having a longitudinal recess 137' formed therein and the bottom facing edge 136' further comprises a depending curved portion 138' and a rib 133'.
  • the curved portion 138' and a curved portion 139' of an end 136a' of the bottom facing edge 136' define an additional longitudinal channel 132'.
  • the rib 133' is located off centre and on the bottom facing edge 136' of the spacer 13' to which the glazing unit 100' abuts, in use.
  • Respective parallel facing ends 135a', 136a' of the top 135' and bottom 136' facing edges define the cavity 131'.
  • the free ends 135a', 135b' are each conveniently formed with a chamfer inclined towards, or curved surface adjacent to, the respective cavity 120', 130'.
  • 136b' adjacent the cavity 130' is also formed with a curved surface of a second radius.
  • the glazing unit 100' comprises a pair of spaced glass sheets 101' hermetically sealed to form a single unit with an air gap therebetween.
  • the sheets 101' are spaced apart by a spacer 102' and seals 103' are provided therein.
  • the unit 100' further comprises a longitudinal strip bead 14', which bead 14' is provided on the external face of the casement 2' to give aesthetic appeal.
  • a longitudinal draft excluder (not shown) is provided.
  • the draft excluder is made, for example, from an elastomeric material or a synthetic rubber such as neoprene and is attached to the cavity 122' using adhesive, e.g. methyl methacrylate.
  • the longitudinal strip bead 14' comprises an elongate member 141' suitably sized and dimensioned to be received by the cavity 132' of the spacer 13'.
  • the strip bead 141' further comprises an upstanding member 142' which abuts, in use, the seal 103' provided between the glazing unit 100' and the strip bead 14'.
  • the strip bead 14' may be formed from aluminium or from resin.
  • the spacer 13' has an aperture 134' formed therein, which aperture 134' extends along a line through the body of the spacer 13' from a first major face 135' to a second major face 136'.
  • the line is not parallel to the shortest line X between the first and second major faces 135', 136' of the spacer 13', therefore providing a drainage slot with sloping walls.
  • Figure 6 is a sectional view of the longitudinal spacer 13', therefore it is to be appreciated that the aperture 134' (and drainage slot) has depth along the principle axis of the spacer 13'. There may be more than one aperture 134' along the principal axis of the spacer 13', such apertures 134' may vary in diameter and may also vary in shape and/or size, e.g. apertures 134' may be substantially circular or elongated.
  • Frame members 10' of the present invention may be formed into various shapes, for example, the shapes of the prior art frame member 30, 50 discussed above.
  • Frame members 10' may be formed by following the method of: firstly providing a longitudinal hot rolled steel member by passing a slab of metal between a set of rollers before working into shape, e.g. the longitudinal hot rolled steel member 1000, 1000' as shown in Figures 7 or 8.
  • the member 1000 of Figure 7 comprises a horizontal body portion 1001 which interconnects first and second parallel vertical members 1002, 1003, the first 1002 depending from the first end of the body portion 1001, and the second 1003 upstanding from the second end of the body portion 1001. Aligned with the first member 1002 is a short upstanding part 1004 and aligned with the second member 1003 is a short depending part 1005.
  • a small channel 1006 located at the centre of the upper face of the horizontal body portion 1001 indicates where the section is to be separated, e.g. cut.
  • the member 1000 is separated into identical L-shaped members, i.e. the L-shaped members 1000' of Figure 8, by separating, e.g. by cutting or sawing along the principal axis of the member 1000 at a point defined by the channel 1006.
  • the L-shaped members are aligned as discussed above in relation to Figure 4, such that the minor portions Ilia', 111b' extend toward each other and the two major portions 110a', 110b' extend in parallel but in opposite directions.
  • the L-shaped members may then be treated, for example galvanised.
  • Spacers 12', 13' are then interposed between L-shaped members 11a', lib', such that the minor portions Ilia', 111b' fit snugly within the corresponding cavities 120', 121'; 130', 131'.
  • the chamfer on the respective minor portions Ilia', 111b' will act with the chamfer second end 125b' of the top facing edge 125' of the spacer and the chamfer at the free ends 135b', 136b' of the top 135' to guide the minor portions Ilia', 111b' into the corresponding cavities 120', 121'; 130', 131'.
  • the first radius between the major vertical portion HOa', HOb' and the respective horizontal portion IHa', IHb' of the L shaped members will seat against the second radiuses formed on the spacers.
  • the spacers 12', 13' may be permanently fitted to the L-shaped members Ha', Hb' by applying adhesive, e.g. methyl methacrylate or other suitable fixing means, to the minor portions IHa', IHb' and/or inside the cavities 120', 121'; 130', 131' of the spacers 12', 13'.
  • adhesive e.g. methyl methacrylate or other suitable fixing means
  • the chamfer at the free end of the minor portion also creates a reservoir between the minor portion and the spacer cavities in which any excess adhesive may collect or pool.
  • the L-shaped member 1000' of Figure 8 may be manufactured by the hot rolled steel process, therefore precluding the requirement of separating the member 1000 of Figure 7 in two.
  • a first length of the L-shaped member lla 7 is laid onto a surface with the short portion Ilia' upstanding.
  • a spacer 12' is then fitted to the portion Ilia' using adhesive to provide a combination.
  • a second length of member lib' is then fitted to the spacer 12', 13' by applying adhesive to the minor portion 111b' and/or cavity of the spacer 12', 13' and joining the two together.
  • Cuts are made at 45 angles to create frame members.
  • the frame members may then be joined, for example by welding of the metal components at their ends to form a frame.
  • longitudinal L-shaped members 1000' are cut at 45 degrees and galvanised, e.g. by hot dip galvanising, before joining together at their ends to provide corners.
  • the resulting frames are coated, e.g. polyester coated or painted.
  • Two frames are then brought together, e.g. to provide a frame 10' as shown in Figure 4, wherein the L-shaped members are interposed by a component with a low coefficient of thermal expansion.
  • the members may be galvanised, and then cut at 45 degrees, the ends of the sections may then be treated before joining together to form frames.
  • the L-shaped members 1000' are first cut and formed into a frame before galvanising, coating with paint and bringing together to form a frame interposed by a component with a low coefficient of thermal expansion.
  • the L-shaped members 1000' are cut and formed into a frame, galvanised, brought together to form a frame interposed by a component with a low coefficient of thermal expansion and then coated, e.g. with polyester coating or paint.
  • the choice of method depends on a number of factors, e.g. installation, transport, size of order etc.
  • spacers 12', 13' means that thinner hot rolled steel members 1000 can be manufactured (as shown in Figure 7) which means less steel is used, this being much sought after in a financial climate where steel prices are rising.
  • the spacers 12', 13' are formed from pultruded thermoset resins containing elongate fibres.
  • the use of pultruded resins in the framework 10' is particularly advantageous because the thermoset materials, e.g. polyurethane, polyester, epoxy, phenolic, vinylester or modar thermosetting systems used in their manufacture have a low coefficient of thermal expansion.
  • the spacers 12', 13' and the strip bead 14' of the invention will not change in dimension significantly irrespective of the ambient conditions. This is particularly advantageous where the temperature at one end of the spacer 12', 13' may be vastly different to the temperature at the other end. Cracking and delamination is also avoided.
  • thermosetting resin may also comprise fire retardant fillers such as Antimony Tri-Hidrate (ATH). Such fillers may conveniently be used with modar and phenolic thermosetting systems which already have high fire ratings.
  • fire retardant fillers such as Antimony Tri-Hidrate (ATH).
  • thermosetting resin and the adhesive joining the spacers 12', 13' to the members 10' are chosen such that they do not degrade or release toxic or noxious fumes when heated.
  • a two-part methacrylate designed for structural bonding of thermoplastic, metal, and composite assemblies may be used. This enables the metal components of the frame members to be welded without damaging the integrity of the formed frame or creating a health hazard during creation of the frame.
  • the pultrusion is formed about a reinforcing member, for example a metal strip (not shown).
  • a reinforcing member for example a metal strip (not shown).
  • a strip may be formed of mild steel, aluminium or stainless steel to aid retention of screws or other fixings where this is a requirement of the frame, for example to secure door or window furniture to the frame or to mount the frame in position in an aperture within a wall.
  • this member is located within the resin such that it is itself insulated from the exterior of the pultrusion and does not itself act as a conductor of heat.
  • the reinforcing member is typically no more than 30 mm wide, more preferably less than 20 mm wide, say 10 mm wide and in any case sufficiently wide to perform its reinforcing function. Similar considerations apply to the thickness of the reinforcing member.
  • the longitudinal spacers 12', 13' and strip bead 14' are made by pultruding continuous glass and/or carbon fibre lengths in a resin, e.g. polyurethane, into the cross sectional shape as shown in Figures 4 and 5.
  • a resin e.g. polyurethane
  • the pultrusion is carried out using methods already known in the art. It has been found that polyurethane resins offer better strength and also have a more controlled degradation over polyester and epoxy resins making them a preferred choice.
  • the pultrusion is typically carried out using 20 to 40 w/w% resin.
  • the ratio of carbon to glass fibre can be varied depending on the strength required.
  • the pultruded components may comprise 20 to 50 w/w% resin, e.g. 20 to 40 w/w%.
  • a typical component comprises 20 w/w% carbon fibre, 40 w/w% glass fibre and 40 w/w% polyurethane resin.
  • the pultruded components may comprises 50-70% glass fibre (by weight), more preferably 55-60%.
  • Other fibres may be used in the pultruded components.
  • natural fibre such as hemp may used as well as or instead of the carbon fibre.
  • the strip bead 14' is made of metal, e.g. aluminium.
  • the spacers 12', 13' act as a thermal break when in use, this being particularly advantageous, but not limited to, colder climates where there is a significant temperature difference between the inside and the outside of a building.
  • Prior art frame members 10, 30, 50 have no such thermal break and therefore conduct heat efficiently which means that further insulation may be required in order to prevent heat loss from occurring.
  • Windows and/or doors formed from frame members 10' of the present invention typically have a U value of less than 2 W/m 2 K, for example in the region of 0.5 to 2 W/m 2 K, say, 0.6 to 1.8 W/m 2 K, e.g. 1.2 to 1.7 W/m 2 K , say, 1.6 W/m 2 K.
  • the U value is, amongst other things, a good indicator of how well a building element, e.g. window, door or wall, retains heat within a building. It is well known in the art that the lower the U value, the greater the insulation.
  • the spacers 12', 13' can be pultruded into various shapes and, more importantly, different sizes. This is particularly advantageous because it allows for flexibility in the manufacture of frame members 10' of different thickness. Also, since it is becoming increasingly fashionable to fabricate buildings with thin steel framework, it is possible to manufacture bespoke windows.
  • the distance separating two corresponding L-shaped members 11a', lib', and therefore the distance between the front and rear surface of a frame member 10' is less than 60mm, e.g. less than 55mm, say, less than 50mm.
  • the distance separating the bottom facing edge 126' of spacer 12' and the top facing edge 135' of spacer 13' is in the range of 8 to 15mm, say, 8 to 12 mm, e.g. 9mm.
  • the distance separating two aligned L-shaped members e.g. the tip of the extended portion 112a' of a first member 11a' and the distal end of a vertical portion 110a' of a second member 11a', is in the range of 35 to 50mm, say 38 to 43mm, e.g. 40mm.
  • the distance from the "top" of the profile of a first frame member 10' to the "bottom” of a second frame member 10' is less than 57mm, say, less than 56mm, e.g. 55mm.
  • spacers 12', 13' allows for the straightforward insertion of drainage holes 134'.
  • Spacers 12', 13' also make it easy to adjust the size and/or position of such drainage holes 134' in a frame member 10' by replacement of or moving the spacer strip 12', 13' with respect to the frame member 10'.
  • prior art frame members 10, 30, 50 require drilling of the steel framework in order to provide drainage holes which, in turn, means that the location of such holes is pre-determined. Due to the problems with this task such holes are often drilled prior to location of the framework which is why the location of the drainage holes is considered predetermined.
  • the drainage holes may be formed offset from the reinforcing member.
  • the drainage holes may still be formed in situ since it will be appreciated that forming a drainage hole through a spacer incorporating a thin reinforcing strip is still a different task from drilling a hole in situ through a structural steel framework.
  • spacers 12', 13' of the present invention may be used with other construction features, e.g. doors or other frameworks.
  • the spacer 12', 13' and/or frame members 10' may be formed into different shapes and/or sizes without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • the member 1000 may be joined to a similar member 1000 to form a tubular member.
  • the tubular member is cut at 45 degrees to form tubular sections.
  • the tubular sections are then joined to form a frame with a front and a rear surface.
  • the frame is then split along each of the channels 1006 to form two substantially equivalent frames.
  • the frames may then be galvanised.
  • the substantially equivalent frames are then joined by spacers 12', 13 in a manner similar to that discussed above.
  • Figures 9 to 12 show a further embodiment of the present invention and in particular a window frame including a hung window within a right hand part of the frame and a fixed window within a left hand part of the frame.
  • Figure 9 shows the frame 1", with a fixed glazing unit 101" to the left and a hung window 200" to the right.
  • Figure 10 shows a section along line A-A, the top of Figure 10 corresponding to the left of Figure 9.
  • the L-shaped members need not be identical, for example as shown in Figures 9 to 12 the frame is generally formed on the one side (the front) of an L-shaped member familiar from previous embodiments and on the other one (the rear) of L-shaped members formed with an extended portion 112a" extending some way beyond the minor horizontal portion Ilia".
  • the frame 1" is conveniently formed as two generally C-shaped components that are then secured together at their open ends, for example by welding.
  • a central mullion 200" is then secured to divide the frame into two.
  • the mullion 200" is formed as a straight ended piece secured, for example by welding, at its upper and lower ends. Other methods of forming the frame 1" may be envisaged.
  • the left hand section of the frame is formed on the front face on the left hand side, upper and lower sides from L-shaped sections lib" of the kind described above.
  • the rear part of this section is formed from L- shaped sections having an extended portion 112a" extending some way beyond the minor horizontal portion Ilia".
  • the front and rear sections are separated by a spacer 13" that includes a cavity 132" suitable for receiving an elongate member 141" of a strip bead 14".
  • a glazing panel is held in the frame 101" on the one side by a seal 103" provided between the glazing unit 100" and the strip bead 14" and on the other between a seal 103" provided between the glazing unit 100" and a major vertical portion 110a" of the L-shaped section 11a".
  • the mullion 200" is formed on the front face of an L -shaped member lib" of the kind discussed above.
  • the rear face of the mullion 200" is formed of an L-shaped member 212" in which each of the extended portion 212a" and the aligned extended portion 212b" extend substantially further than in previous embodiments.
  • the front and rear of the mullion 200" are separated by a spacer 12".
  • the spacer 12" includes a cavity 122" disposed in use to the right hand side of the frame suitable for receiving an elongate member 202" of a suitably formed draft excluder 204".
  • a further generally U-shaped spacer 212" may also be located between the front and rear of the mullion 200".
  • the spacer 212" conveniently abuts the spacer 12" and provides a surface to which a strip bead may be secured.
  • the right hand section of the frame forming the casement for the hung window, is formed on the front face on the left hand side, upper and lower sides from L-shaped sections lib" of the kind described above.
  • the rear part of this section is formed from L-shaped sections having an extended portion 112a" extending some way beyond the minor horizontal portion Ilia".
  • the front and rear sections are separated by a spacer 12" that includes a cavity 122" suitable for receiving the elongate member 202" of the draft excluder 204".
  • the draft excluder may be formed to surround the frame about the hung window 200".
  • the hung window is formed in a manner similar to the casement 2' of Figure 4 and may be hung from the frame in any suitable manner.
  • the width of the spacer 12" is typically 42.6mm. Since the thickness of the vertical members of the L-shaped members, for example when formed from hot rolled steel, is typically 3mm it will be appreciated that a typically thickness of a glazing unit constructed according to this embodiment will be 48.6mm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Wing Frames And Configurations (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un cadre pour une ouverture, lequel cadre comprend un premier élément et un second élément, entre lesquels est interposé un composant dont la conductivité thermique est faible, les premier et second éléments constituant les surfaces avant et arrière du cadre, respectivement, et la distance entre lesdites surfaces étant inférieure à 50 mm.
PCT/GB2009/002697 2008-11-18 2009-11-18 Cadres WO2010058163A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0821062A GB0821062D0 (en) 2008-11-18 2008-11-18 Frames
GB0821062.7 2008-11-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010058163A1 true WO2010058163A1 (fr) 2010-05-27

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PCT/GB2009/002697 WO2010058163A1 (fr) 2008-11-18 2009-11-18 Cadres

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GB (1) GB0821062D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010058163A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102518356A (zh) * 2010-12-25 2012-06-27 欧创塑料建材(浙江)有限公司 聚氨酯复合材料节能门窗框或门窗扇或门板型材或门板材
ITBZ20120044A1 (it) * 2012-12-31 2014-07-01 W M K Secur Srl Profilato composito per serramenti tagliafuoco
WO2016050943A1 (fr) * 2014-10-02 2016-04-07 Aluk S.A. Cadre d'ouvrant muni d'au moins une pièce d'angle
US9447627B2 (en) 2014-05-27 2016-09-20 Guardian Industries Corp. Window frame system for vacuum insulated glass unit
US9845635B2 (en) 2014-05-27 2017-12-19 Guardian Glass, Llc. Window frame system for vacuum insulated glass unit

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3191727A (en) * 1962-11-06 1965-06-29 Aluminum Co Of America Framing structures
US20040025454A1 (en) * 2000-09-05 2004-02-12 Norman Burgess Window frames

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3191727A (en) * 1962-11-06 1965-06-29 Aluminum Co Of America Framing structures
US20040025454A1 (en) * 2000-09-05 2004-02-12 Norman Burgess Window frames

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102518356A (zh) * 2010-12-25 2012-06-27 欧创塑料建材(浙江)有限公司 聚氨酯复合材料节能门窗框或门窗扇或门板型材或门板材
CN102518356B (zh) * 2010-12-25 2014-07-09 欧创塑料建材(浙江)有限公司 聚氨酯复合材料节能门窗框或门窗扇或门板型材或门板材
ITBZ20120044A1 (it) * 2012-12-31 2014-07-01 W M K Secur Srl Profilato composito per serramenti tagliafuoco
EP2749724A1 (fr) * 2012-12-31 2014-07-02 W.M.K.Secur S.r.l. Profilé composite pour portes et fenêtres coupe-feu
US9447627B2 (en) 2014-05-27 2016-09-20 Guardian Industries Corp. Window frame system for vacuum insulated glass unit
US9845635B2 (en) 2014-05-27 2017-12-19 Guardian Glass, Llc. Window frame system for vacuum insulated glass unit
WO2016050943A1 (fr) * 2014-10-02 2016-04-07 Aluk S.A. Cadre d'ouvrant muni d'au moins une pièce d'angle
FR3026770A1 (fr) * 2014-10-02 2016-04-08 Aluk S A Cadre d'ouvrant muni d'au moins une piece d'angle

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