WO2010055237A1 - Electrical power supply for an electromagnetic retarder in a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Electrical power supply for an electromagnetic retarder in a motor vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010055237A1
WO2010055237A1 PCT/FR2009/051915 FR2009051915W WO2010055237A1 WO 2010055237 A1 WO2010055237 A1 WO 2010055237A1 FR 2009051915 W FR2009051915 W FR 2009051915W WO 2010055237 A1 WO2010055237 A1 WO 2010055237A1
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Prior art keywords
voltage
vehicle
electromagnetic retarder
micro
energy storage
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PCT/FR2009/051915
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French (fr)
Inventor
Bruno Dessirier
Rafik Lounis
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Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur
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Publication of WO2010055237A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010055237A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/28—Eddy-current braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the automotive field, and relates to the supply of electromagnetic retarders used for braking assistance in vehicles equipped with microhybrid systems with regenerative braking.
  • micro-hybrid systems with regenerative braking for example alternator-starter, can reduce fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions.
  • the braking assistance provided by an electromagnetic retarder notably allows an optimization of the braking, a lower wear of the brake pads, as well as a greater spacing of the maintenance periods of the braking system.
  • an electromagnetic retarder generates strong current calls over short periods of time. These current calls require low response times of the power supply so as to allow the dynamic operation of the electromagnetic retarder.
  • the conventional power supply network of a motor vehicle usually comprises two sources of current: the battery (commonly a lead-acid battery), and the alternator.
  • the battery commonly a lead-acid battery
  • the alternator commonly a lead-acid battery
  • these sources are, as both, poorly suited to power with low response times of electrical equipment can, moreover, generate strong current or voltage calls.
  • the lead-acid battery is also poorly adapted to the cyclic supply, with low response times, of high current peaks, in particular because the discharge cycles which are then imposed on it contribute to accelerate its aging.
  • Other types of battery could meet this need, but they are too expensive to consider their implementation on a motor vehicle mass produced.
  • a consequence of starting the retarder is usually a significant voltage drop on the on-board electrical network. This leads to over-sizing of the electrical architecture, namely, the battery and the alternator in particular.
  • the invention proposes the combination in a motor vehicle of a micro-hybrid system and an electromagnetic retarder system of the vehicle, the micro-hybrid system being able to operate in regenerative braking mode and comprising at least one reversible rotary electric machine, an AC / DC converter, an auxiliary energy storage unit and a DC / DC converter, the micro-hybrid system being able to supply, particularly during the regenerative braking phases of the motor vehicle it equips, the auxiliary unit of energy storage so as to generate, in the vehicle, a two-voltage network having a low supply voltage of a vehicle battery and, at the terminals of the auxiliary energy storage unit, a floating voltage higher than this low voltage.
  • the electromagnetic retarder system is powered with low response times by said floating voltage higher than the low voltage.
  • the auxiliary energy storage unit comprises the combination of several capacitive elementary cells of very large capacity, also referred to as "supercapacitors".
  • the auxiliary energy storage unit and the reversible DC-DC converter form a "power pack" of the micro-hybrid system.
  • the electromagnetic retarder system comprises an electronic control circuit powered by said floating voltage and providing a specific power supply for windings of the electromagnetic retarder system.
  • the electronic control circuit comprises a DC-DC converter which converts the floating voltage into the specific supply of constant level.
  • the electrical energy recovered by means of the rotating electrical machine for example when the micro-hybrid system operates in regenerative braking mode, is stored in the auxiliary energy storage unit.
  • the micro-hybrid regenerative braking system provides a bi-voltage network capable of providing, on the one hand, a floating DC voltage obtained at the terminals of the auxiliary energy storage unit and, on the other hand, a DC voltage low at the terminals of the lead-acid battery.
  • the floating voltage known as "voltage 14 + X" is greater than the voltage across said lead battery which conventionally supplies the vehicle with electrical energy.
  • the capacitive elements of the auxiliary energy storage unit allow the delivery of high currents over short periods, and also make it possible to supply a current with a very short response time, compatible with the power supply of a power supply. electromagnetic retarder.
  • the invention finds particularly interesting applications in light commercial vehicles equipped with electromagnetic retarders.
  • Light commercial vehicles (3- to 7-tonne vehicles) are mainly used in urban environments that are conducive to the use of micro-vehicles. Hybrid with engine stop-recovery and regenerative braking features.
  • the tests carried out in the urban cycle by the inventive entity show that the electrical consumption and the mission profile of the retarders usually equipping light commercial vehicles, but not exclusively, are particularly well adapted to a power supply provided by a regenerative braking system.
  • a typical mission profile of a retarder for a light commercial vehicle equipped with a diesel engine of 3 liters shows a maximum consumption of 80 amps at 14 volts and activation times of less than 10 seconds.
  • this profile also highlights a free period before activation of the retarder which can advantageously be used by the system to perform a supercapacitor recharging in regenerative braking mode.
  • This figure shows schematically the various elements of a micro-hybrid system MH can operate in regenerative braking mode.
  • the micro-hybrid system MH comprises a reversible mechanical rotating machine 1 mechanically coupled (coupling shown schematically by a dashed line 100 in Figure 1) to the engine M of the vehicle.
  • the reversible rotary electric machine 1, or alternator-starter is connected to a reversible AC-DC converter 2 (links 200).
  • the converter 2 transforms the three-phase voltages it supplies into a rectified DC voltage from which supercapacitors of the auxiliary energy storage unit 4 and the lead-acid battery are charged. 3.
  • the rotating machine 1 When the rotating machine 1 operates in starter mode, it is then powered by AC three-phase voltages generated by the reversible AC-DC converter 2 from the DC voltage present at the terminals of the auxiliary energy storage unit 4.
  • a reversible DC-DC converter 5 allows, from the rectified DC voltage supplied by the AC-DC converter 2, when the rotating electrical machine 1 is operating in alternator mode, as well as from the voltage present at the terminals of the unit. 4 energy storage auxiliary, to obtain a DC voltage Vb which is used to charge the battery 3 of the vehicle. The voltage Vb at the terminals of this battery is used to power a certain number of electrical equipment on board the vehicle.
  • the auxiliary energy storage unit 4 and the reversible DC-DC converter 5 form the power pack P of the micro-hybrid system MH.
  • the energy stored in the auxiliary energy storage unit 4 can be used to supply the floating-voltage network known as the Vb + X voltage network. This floating DC voltage is greater than the battery voltage Vb.
  • An electronic unit 6 provides, in conjunction with an electronic control unit 7 for controlling and controlling the operation of the engine, the management of all the elements of the micro-hybrid system MH.
  • the voltage Vb + X is used to feed an electromagnetic retarder system RE of the vehicle, the RE system comprising an electronic control circuit 8 and an electromagnetic retarder 9.
  • the electromagnetic retarder 9 requires the supply, with low response times, of high currents over short periods of time.
  • the voltage Vb + X feeds the electromagnetic retarder 9 through the electronic control circuit 8 which supplies windings of the retarder 9 one or more specific supply voltages Vs derived from the voltage Vb + X.
  • the electronic control circuit 8 comprises a DC-DC converter 80 which receives the variable-level voltage Vb + X and outputs the Vs of constant level.
  • the DC / DC converter is of the chopper type.
  • the electronic control circuit 8 also comprises a control module (not shown) which receives as input control signals SC coming for example from an electronic control unit (not shown) dedicated to the management of the braking function of the vehicle. As also shown in FIG. 1, the electronic control circuit 8 can also be connected to a communication bus, for example of the CAN type, of the vehicle.
  • the retarder 9 is conventionally mounted on a mechanical transmission shaft 10 of the vehicle and is fixed on a frame 1 1 of the vehicle. Control signals and SCI information are exchanged between the circuit 8 and the retarder 9 so as to allow proper operation thereof.
  • the signals SCI comprise control signals transmitted by the circuit 8 to the retarder 9 and which determine a deceleration torque applied by the retarder 9 to the transmission shaft 10. These control signals are derived from the input control signals SC. to the circuit 8 by the electronic control unit dedicated to braking indicated above.
  • the signals SCI comprise control signals transmitted by the circuit 8 to the retarder 9 and which determine a deceleration torque applied by the retarder 9 to the transmission shaft 10. These control signals are derived from the input control signals SC. to the circuit 8 by the electronic control unit dedicated to braking indicated above.
  • the signals SCI comprise state information signals transmitted by the retarder 9 to the circuit 8. These signals carry by example of the temperature information provided by temperature sensors fitted to the retarder 9.
  • the invention thus leads to having a power supply with a low response time which is perfectly adapted to supplying high currents over brief periods of time intended for an electromagnetic retarder of the vehicle.
  • a power supply operates through the regenerative braking mode, that is to say without inducing the need to implement any additional component in the vehicle equipped with the micro-hybrid system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the supply of power to an electromagnetic retarder system in a motor vehicle in a case where the vehicle is equipped with a micro-hybrid system that can operate in regenerative braking mode during which the energy recovered by a reversible rotating machine (1) of said micro-hybrid system is stored in an auxiliary energy storage unit (4). This kind of micro-hybrid system gives a two-voltage network having, on the one hand a low voltage (Vb) supplying a battery (3) belonging to the vehicle, and on the other hand, at the terminals of said auxiliary energy storage unit, a floating voltage (Vb+X) which is greater than this low voltage. In accordance with the invention the floating voltage (Vb+X) is used to power the vehicle's electromagnetic retarder system capable of consuming for its dynamic operation high currents over short periods of time.

Description

ALIMENTATION ELECTRIQUE D'UN RALENTISSEUR ELECTROMAGNETIQUE DANS UN VEHICULE AUTOMOBILE ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC RETARDER IN A MOTOR VEHICLE
La présente invention se rapporte au domaine automobile, et concerne l'alimentation de ralentisseurs électromagnétiques utilisés pour l'assistance au freinage dans des véhicules équipés de systèmes microhybrides à freinage récupératif.The present invention relates to the automotive field, and relates to the supply of electromagnetic retarders used for braking assistance in vehicles equipped with microhybrid systems with regenerative braking.
De manière connue, les systèmes micro-hybrides à freinage récupératif, par exemple à alterno-démarreur, permettent de réduire la consommation en carburant et les émissions de CO2 .In a known manner, micro-hybrid systems with regenerative braking, for example alternator-starter, can reduce fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions.
L'assistance au freinage apporté par un ralentisseur électromagnétique autorise notamment une optimisation du freinage, une moindre usure des plaquettes de frein, ainsi qu'un plus grand espacement des périodes de maintenance du système de freinage.The braking assistance provided by an electromagnetic retarder notably allows an optimization of the braking, a lower wear of the brake pads, as well as a greater spacing of the maintenance periods of the braking system.
Le fonctionnement d'un ralentisseur électromagnétique génère de forts appels de courant sur de brèves périodes de temps. Ces appels de courant demandent de faibles temps de réponse de l'alimentation de manière à autoriser le fonctionnement dynamique du ralentisseur électromagnétique.The operation of an electromagnetic retarder generates strong current calls over short periods of time. These current calls require low response times of the power supply so as to allow the dynamic operation of the electromagnetic retarder.
Le réseau d'alimentation électrique classique d'un véhicule automobile comporte usuellement deux sources de courant : la batterie (couramment une batterie au plomb), et l'alternateur. Or, ces sources sont, l'une comme l'autre, peu adaptées à l'alimentation avec de faibles temps de réponse d'équipements électriques pouvant, par ailleurs, générer de forts appels de courant ou de tension.The conventional power supply network of a motor vehicle usually comprises two sources of current: the battery (commonly a lead-acid battery), and the alternator. However, these sources are, as both, poorly suited to power with low response times of electrical equipment can, moreover, generate strong current or voltage calls.
En effet, le temps de réponse d'un alternateur classique, de l'ordre d'une centaine de millisecondes, est trop élevé pour répondre à un tel besoin.Indeed, the response time of a conventional alternator, of the order of a hundred milliseconds, is too high to meet such a need.
La batterie au plomb est également mal adaptée à la fourniture cyclique, avec de faibles temps de réponse, de pics de courant élevé, notamment en raison du fait que les cycles de décharge qui lui sont alors imposés contribuent à accélérer son vieillissement. D'autres types de batterie pourraient répondre à ce besoin, mais elles sont d'un coût trop élevé pour que l'on puisse envisager leur mise en place sur un véhicule automobile produit en grande série.The lead-acid battery is also poorly adapted to the cyclic supply, with low response times, of high current peaks, in particular because the discharge cycles which are then imposed on it contribute to accelerate its aging. Other types of battery could meet this need, but they are too expensive to consider their implementation on a motor vehicle mass produced.
Une conséquence de la mise en route du ralentisseur est généralement une chute de tension importante sur le réseau électrique de bord du véhicule. Ce qui conduit à un sur-dimensionnement de l'architecture électrique, à savoir, de la batterie et de l'alternateur notamment.A consequence of starting the retarder is usually a significant voltage drop on the on-board electrical network. This leads to over-sizing of the electrical architecture, namely, the battery and the alternator in particular.
il est donc souhaitable de proposer des solutions nouvelles pour palier aux problèmes évoqués ci-dessus, notamment pour les véhicules équipés de systèmes micro-hybrides à freinage récupératif.it is therefore desirable to propose new solutions to overcome the problems mentioned above, especially for vehicles equipped with micro-hybrid systems with regenerative braking.
L'invention propose la combinaison dans un véhicule automobile d'un système micro-hybride et d'un système de ralentisseur électromagnétique du véhicule, le système micro-hybride pouvant fonctionner en mode de freinage récupératif et comportant au moins une machine électrique tournante réversible, un convertisseur alternatif- continu, une unité auxiliaire de stockage d'énergie et un convertisseur continu-continu, le système micro-hybride étant apte à alimenter, notamment lors des phases de freinage récupératif du véhicule automobile qu'il équipe, l'unité auxiliaire de stockage d'énergie de manière à générer, dans le véhicule, un réseau bi-tension présentant une tension basse d'alimentation d'une batterie du véhicule et, aux bornes de l'unité auxiliaire de stockage d'énergie, une tension flottante supérieure à cette tension basse.The invention proposes the combination in a motor vehicle of a micro-hybrid system and an electromagnetic retarder system of the vehicle, the micro-hybrid system being able to operate in regenerative braking mode and comprising at least one reversible rotary electric machine, an AC / DC converter, an auxiliary energy storage unit and a DC / DC converter, the micro-hybrid system being able to supply, particularly during the regenerative braking phases of the motor vehicle it equips, the auxiliary unit of energy storage so as to generate, in the vehicle, a two-voltage network having a low supply voltage of a vehicle battery and, at the terminals of the auxiliary energy storage unit, a floating voltage higher than this low voltage.
Conformément à l'invention, le système de ralentisseur électromagnétique est alimenté avec de faibles temps de réponse par ladite tension flottante supérieure à la tension basse.According to the invention, the electromagnetic retarder system is powered with low response times by said floating voltage higher than the low voltage.
Il est ainsi procurée une solution d'alimentation électrique pour le système de ralentisseur électromagnétique qui se substitue à celle fournie classiquement par la batterie. Il en découle une meilleure optimisation de l'architecture électrique d'ensemble ainsi que de meilleures performances du système de ralentisseur électromagnétique en fonctionnement dynamique de celui-ci. Selon une autre caractéristique, l'unité auxiliaire de stockage d'énergie comporte l'association de plusieurs cellules capacitives élémentaires de très grande capacité, également désignées par le terme de « supercondensateurs ». L'unité auxiliaire de stockage d'énergie et le convertisseur continu-continu réversible forment un "pack de puissance" du système micro-hybride.It is thus provided a power supply solution for the electromagnetic retarder system which replaces that conventionally provided by the battery. This results in a better optimization of the overall electrical architecture and better performance of the electromagnetic retarder system in dynamic operation of it. According to another characteristic, the auxiliary energy storage unit comprises the combination of several capacitive elementary cells of very large capacity, also referred to as "supercapacitors". The auxiliary energy storage unit and the reversible DC-DC converter form a "power pack" of the micro-hybrid system.
Selon encore une autre caractéristique, le système de ralentisseur électromagnétique comporte un circuit électronique de pilotage alimenté par ladite la tension flottante et fournissant une alimentation spécifique destinée à des bobinages du système de ralentisseur électromagnétique. De préférence le circuit électronique de pilotage comporte un convertisseur continu-continu qui convertit la tension flottante en l'alimentation spécifique de niveau constant.According to yet another characteristic, the electromagnetic retarder system comprises an electronic control circuit powered by said floating voltage and providing a specific power supply for windings of the electromagnetic retarder system. Preferably, the electronic control circuit comprises a DC-DC converter which converts the floating voltage into the specific supply of constant level.
L'énergie électrique récupérée au moyen de la machine électrique tournante, par exemple lorsque le système micro-hybride fonctionne en mode de freinage récupératif, est stockée dans l'unité auxiliaire de stockage d'énergie. Le système micro-hybride à freinage récupératif procure un réseau bi-tension capable de fournir, d'une part, une tension continue flottante obtenue aux bornes de l'unité auxiliaire de stockage d'énergie, et d'autre part, une tension continue basse aux bornes de la batterie au plomb. La tension continue flottante dite « tension 14+X » est supérieure à la tension aux bornes de ladite batterie au plomb qui alimente de manière classique le véhicule en énergie électrique.The electrical energy recovered by means of the rotating electrical machine, for example when the micro-hybrid system operates in regenerative braking mode, is stored in the auxiliary energy storage unit. The micro-hybrid regenerative braking system provides a bi-voltage network capable of providing, on the one hand, a floating DC voltage obtained at the terminals of the auxiliary energy storage unit and, on the other hand, a DC voltage low at the terminals of the lead-acid battery. The floating voltage known as "voltage 14 + X" is greater than the voltage across said lead battery which conventionally supplies the vehicle with electrical energy.
Les éléments capacitifs de l'unité auxiliaire de stockage d'énergie autorisent la délivrance de courants élevés sur des périodes courtes, et rendent également possible la fourniture d'un courant avec un temps de réponse très bref, compatible avec l'alimentation d'un ralentisseur électromagnétique.The capacitive elements of the auxiliary energy storage unit allow the delivery of high currents over short periods, and also make it possible to supply a current with a very short response time, compatible with the power supply of a power supply. electromagnetic retarder.
L'invention trouve des applications particulièrement intéressantes dans les véhicules utilitaires légers équipés de ralentisseurs électromagnétiques. Les véhicules utilitaires légers (véhicules de 3 à 7 tonnes) sont principalement utilisés dans des environnements urbains propices à l'utilisation des véhicules micro- hybrides avec des fonctionnalités de type arrêt-relance moteur et freinage récupératif.The invention finds particularly interesting applications in light commercial vehicles equipped with electromagnetic retarders. Light commercial vehicles (3- to 7-tonne vehicles) are mainly used in urban environments that are conducive to the use of micro-vehicles. Hybrid with engine stop-recovery and regenerative braking features.
Les essais réalisés en cycle urbain par l'entité inventive montrent que la consommation électrique et le profil de mission des ralentisseurs équipant habituellement les véhicules utilitaires légers, mais non exclusivement, sont particulièrement bien adaptés à une alimentation électrique fournie par un système à freinage récupératif.The tests carried out in the urban cycle by the inventive entity show that the electrical consumption and the mission profile of the retarders usually equipping light commercial vehicles, but not exclusively, are particularly well adapted to a power supply provided by a regenerative braking system.
Ainsi, par exemple, un profil de mission type d'un ralentisseur pour un véhicule utilitaire léger équipé d'une motorisation Diesel de 3 litres met en évidence une consommation maximum de 80 Ampères sous 14 volts et des durées d'activation inférieures à 10 secondes. De plus, ce profil met également en évidence une période libre avant activation du ralentisseur qui peut avantageusement être utilisée par le système pour effectuer une recharge des supercondensateurs en mode de freinage récupératif.Thus, for example, a typical mission profile of a retarder for a light commercial vehicle equipped with a diesel engine of 3 liters shows a maximum consumption of 80 amps at 14 volts and activation times of less than 10 seconds. . In addition, this profile also highlights a free period before activation of the retarder which can advantageously be used by the system to perform a supercapacitor recharging in regenerative braking mode.
L'invention sera maintenant plus précisément décrite au travers d'un exemple préféré de réalisation et en référence à la figure 1 qui présente un schéma de principe d'un de ses modes de réalisation préférés.The invention will now be more specifically described through a preferred embodiment and with reference to Figure 1 which shows a block diagram of one of its preferred embodiments.
Cette figure présente schématiquement les différents éléments d'un système micro-hybride MH pouvant fonctionner en mode de freinage récupératif.This figure shows schematically the various elements of a micro-hybrid system MH can operate in regenerative braking mode.
Le système micro-hybride MH comporte une machine électrique tournante réversible 1 couplée mécaniquement (couplage représenté schématiquement par un trait discontinu 100 sur la figure 1 ) au moteur thermique M du véhicule. La machine électrique tournante réversible 1 , ou alterno-démarreur, est reliée à un convertisseur alternatif-continu réversible 2 (liaisons 200).The micro-hybrid system MH comprises a reversible mechanical rotating machine 1 mechanically coupled (coupling shown schematically by a dashed line 100 in Figure 1) to the engine M of the vehicle. The reversible rotary electric machine 1, or alternator-starter, is connected to a reversible AC-DC converter 2 (links 200).
Lorsque la machine tournante 1 fonctionne en mode alternateur, le convertisseur 2 transforme les tensions triphasées qu'elle fournit en une tension continue redressée à partir de laquelle sont chargées des supercondensateurs de l'unité auxiliaire de stockage d'énergie 4 et la batterie au plomb 3. Lorsque la machine tournante 1 fonctionne en mode démarreur, elle est alors alimentée par des tensions triphasées alternatives générées par le convertisseur alternatif-continu réversible 2 à partir de la tension continue présente aux bornes de l'unité auxiliaire de stockage d'énergie 4.When the rotating machine 1 is operating in alternator mode, the converter 2 transforms the three-phase voltages it supplies into a rectified DC voltage from which supercapacitors of the auxiliary energy storage unit 4 and the lead-acid battery are charged. 3. When the rotating machine 1 operates in starter mode, it is then powered by AC three-phase voltages generated by the reversible AC-DC converter 2 from the DC voltage present at the terminals of the auxiliary energy storage unit 4.
Un convertisseur continu-continu réversible 5 permet, à partir de la tension continue redressée fournie par le convertisseur alternatif- continu 2 lorsque la machine électrique tournante 1 fonctionne en mode alternateur, ainsi qu'à partir de la tension présente aux bornes de l'unité auxiliaire de stockage d'énergie 4, d'obtenir une tension continue Vb qui est utilisée pour charger la batterie 3 du véhicule. La tension Vb aux bornes de cette batterie est utilisée pour alimenter un certain nombre d'équipements électriques de bord du véhicule.A reversible DC-DC converter 5 allows, from the rectified DC voltage supplied by the AC-DC converter 2, when the rotating electrical machine 1 is operating in alternator mode, as well as from the voltage present at the terminals of the unit. 4 energy storage auxiliary, to obtain a DC voltage Vb which is used to charge the battery 3 of the vehicle. The voltage Vb at the terminals of this battery is used to power a certain number of electrical equipment on board the vehicle.
L'unité auxiliaire de stockage d'énergie 4 et le convertisseur continu-continu réversible 5 forment le pack de puissance P du système micro-hybride MH.The auxiliary energy storage unit 4 and the reversible DC-DC converter 5 form the power pack P of the micro-hybrid system MH.
Par ailleurs, l'énergie emmagasinée dans l'unité auxiliaire de stockage d'énergie 4 peut être utilisée pour alimenter le réseau à tension continue flottante dit réseau de tension Vb+X. Cette tension continue flottante est supérieure à la tension de batterie Vb.Moreover, the energy stored in the auxiliary energy storage unit 4 can be used to supply the floating-voltage network known as the Vb + X voltage network. This floating DC voltage is greater than the battery voltage Vb.
Une unité électronique 6 assure, en liaison avec une unité électronique 7 de contrôle et de commande du fonctionnement du moteur, la gestion de l'ensemble des éléments du système micro-hybride MH.An electronic unit 6 provides, in conjunction with an electronic control unit 7 for controlling and controlling the operation of the engine, the management of all the elements of the micro-hybrid system MH.
Selon l'invention, la tension Vb+X est utilisée pour alimenter un système de ralentisseur électromagnétique RE du véhicule, le système RE comportant un circuit électronique de pilotage 8 et un ralentisseur électromagnétique 9. Pour son fonctionnement dynamique, le ralentisseur électromagnétique 9 nécessite la fourniture, avec de faibles temps de réponse, de courants élevés sur des courtes périodes de temps.According to the invention, the voltage Vb + X is used to feed an electromagnetic retarder system RE of the vehicle, the RE system comprising an electronic control circuit 8 and an electromagnetic retarder 9. For its dynamic operation, the electromagnetic retarder 9 requires the supply, with low response times, of high currents over short periods of time.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, schématisé par la figure 1 , la tension Vb+X alimente le ralentisseur électromagnétique 9 à travers le circuit électronique de pilotage 8 qui fournit à des bobinages du ralentisseur 9 une ou des tensions d'alimentation spécifiques Vs dérivées de la tension Vb+X.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, shown schematically in FIG. 1, the voltage Vb + X feeds the electromagnetic retarder 9 through the electronic control circuit 8 which supplies windings of the retarder 9 one or more specific supply voltages Vs derived from the voltage Vb + X.
Comme montré à la Fig .1 , le circuit électronique de pilotage 8 comporte un convertisseur continu-continu (DC/DC) 80 qui reçoit la tension Vb+X de niveau variable et fournit en sortie les tensions Vs de niveau constant. Selon une forme de réalisation particulière, le convertisseur DC/DC est de type hacheur.As shown in FIG. 1, the electronic control circuit 8 comprises a DC-DC converter 80 which receives the variable-level voltage Vb + X and outputs the Vs of constant level. According to a particular embodiment, the DC / DC converter is of the chopper type.
Le circuit électronique de pilotage 8 comporte également un module de commande (non représenté) qui reçoit en entrée des signaux de commande SC en provenance par exemple d'une unité de contrôle électronique (non représentée) dédiée à la gestion de la fonction de freinage du véhicule. Comme montré également à la Fig .1 , le circuit électronique de pilotage 8 peut également être relié à un bus de communication, par exemple de type CAN, du véhicule.The electronic control circuit 8 also comprises a control module (not shown) which receives as input control signals SC coming for example from an electronic control unit (not shown) dedicated to the management of the braking function of the vehicle. As also shown in FIG. 1, the electronic control circuit 8 can also be connected to a communication bus, for example of the CAN type, of the vehicle.
Le ralentisseur 9 est, de manière classique, monté sur un arbre de transmission mécanique 10 du véhicule et est fixé sur un bâti 1 1 du véhicule. Des signaux de commande et d'information SCI sont échangés entre le circuit 8 et le ralentisseur 9 de manière à permettre un fonctionnement approprié de celui-ci.The retarder 9 is conventionally mounted on a mechanical transmission shaft 10 of the vehicle and is fixed on a frame 1 1 of the vehicle. Control signals and SCI information are exchanged between the circuit 8 and the retarder 9 so as to allow proper operation thereof.
Les signaux SCI comportent des signaux de commande transmis par le circuit 8 au ralentisseur 9 et qui déterminent un couple de ralentissement appliqué par le ralentisseur 9 à l'arbre de transmission 10. Ces signaux de commande sont dérivés des signaux de commande SC fournis en entrée au circuit 8 par l'unité de commande électronique dédiée au freinage indiquée ci-dessus.The signals SCI comprise control signals transmitted by the circuit 8 to the retarder 9 and which determine a deceleration torque applied by the retarder 9 to the transmission shaft 10. These control signals are derived from the input control signals SC. to the circuit 8 by the electronic control unit dedicated to braking indicated above.
Les signaux SCI comportent des signaux de commande transmis par le circuit 8 au ralentisseur 9 et qui déterminent un couple de ralentissement appliqué par le ralentisseur 9 à l'arbre de transmission 10. Ces signaux de commande sont dérivés des signaux de commande SC fournis en entrée au circuit 8 par l'unité de commande électronique dédiée au freinage indiquée ci-dessus.The signals SCI comprise control signals transmitted by the circuit 8 to the retarder 9 and which determine a deceleration torque applied by the retarder 9 to the transmission shaft 10. These control signals are derived from the input control signals SC. to the circuit 8 by the electronic control unit dedicated to braking indicated above.
Les signaux SCI comportent des signaux de d'information d'état transmis par le ralentisseur 9 au circuit 8. Ces signaux transportent par exemple des informations de température fournies par des capteurs de température équipant le ralentisseur 9.The signals SCI comprise state information signals transmitted by the retarder 9 to the circuit 8. These signals carry by example of the temperature information provided by temperature sensors fitted to the retarder 9.
L'invention conduit ainsi à disposer d'une alimentation à faible temps de réponse qui est parfaitement adaptée à la fourniture de courants élevés sur de brèves périodes de temps destinés à une ralentisseur électromagnétique du véhicule. Une telle alimentation fonctionne grâce au mode de freinage récupératif, c'est-à-dire sans induire la nécessité d'implanter le moindre composant supplémentaire dans le véhicule équipé du système micro-hybride.The invention thus leads to having a power supply with a low response time which is perfectly adapted to supplying high currents over brief periods of time intended for an electromagnetic retarder of the vehicle. Such a power supply operates through the regenerative braking mode, that is to say without inducing the need to implement any additional component in the vehicle equipped with the micro-hybrid system.
Bien entendu, l'invention ne saurait se limiter aux modes de réalisation particuliers décrits ici et elle s'étend en particulier à tout moyen équivalent et toute combinaison techniquement opérante de tels moyens, la portée de l'invention n'étant définie que par les revendications annexées. Of course, the invention can not be limited to the particular embodiments described herein and it extends in particular to any equivalent means and any technically operating combination of such means, the scope of the invention being defined only by the appended claims.

Claims

R E V E N D I C A T I O N S
1. Combinaison dans un véhicule automobile d'un système micro-hybride et d'un système de ralentisseur électromagnétique (RE) du véhicule, ledit système micro-hybride pouvant fonctionner en mode de freinage récupératif et comportant au moins une machine électrique tournante réversible (1 ), un convertisseur alternatif-continu (2), une unité auxiliaire de stockage d'énergie (4) et un convertisseur continu- continu (5), ledit système micro-hybride étant apte à alimenter, notamment lors des phases de freinage récupératif du véhicule automobile qu'il équipe, ladite unité auxiliaire de stockage d'énergie (4) de manière à générer, dans ledit véhicule, un réseau bi-tension présentant une tension basse (Vb) d'alimentation d'une batterie (3) dudit véhicule et, aux bornes de ladite unité auxiliaire de stockage d'énergie (4), une tension flottante (Vb+X) supérieure à cette tension basse, caractérisé en ce que ledit système de ralentisseur électromagnétique (RE) est alimenté avec de faibles temps de réponse par ladite tension flottante (Vb+X).1. Combination in a motor vehicle of a micro-hybrid system and an electromagnetic retarder system (RE) of the vehicle, said micro-hybrid system being able to operate in regenerative braking mode and comprising at least one reversible rotary electric machine ( 1), an AC-DC converter (2), an auxiliary energy storage unit (4) and a DC-DC converter (5), said micro-hybrid system being able to supply, in particular during the regenerative braking phases the motor vehicle it equips, said auxiliary energy storage unit (4) so as to generate, in said vehicle, a two-voltage network having a low voltage (Vb) for supplying a battery (3) of said vehicle and, at the terminals of said auxiliary energy storage unit (4), a floating voltage (Vb + X) higher than this low voltage, characterized in that said electromagnetic retarder system (R E) is powered with low response times by said floating voltage (Vb + X).
2. Combinaison selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que l'unité auxiliaire de stockage d'énergie comporte l'association de plusieurs supercondensateurs.2. Combination according to claim 1, characterized in that the auxiliary energy storage unit comprises the combination of several supercapacitors.
3. Combinaison selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que ledit système de ralentisseur électromagnétique (RE) comporte un circuit électronique de pilotage (8) et un ralentisseur électromagnétique (9), ledit circuit électronique de pilotage (8) étant alimenté par ladite tension flottante (Vb+X) et fournissant une alimentation spécifique (Vs) destinée à des bobinages dudit ralentisseur électromagnétique (9).Combination according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said electromagnetic retarder system (RE) comprises an electronic control circuit (8) and an electromagnetic retarder (9), said electronic control circuit (8) being powered by said floating voltage (Vb + X) and providing a specific power supply (Vs) for windings of said electromagnetic retarder (9).
4. Combinaison selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que ledit circuit électronique de pilotage (8) comporte un convertisseur continu-continu (80) qui convertit ladite tension flottante (Vb+X) en ladite alimentation spécifique (Vs) de niveau constant. 4. Combination according to claim 3, characterized in that said electronic control circuit (8) comprises a DC-DC converter (80) which converts said floating voltage (Vb + X) into said specific supply (Vs) of constant level.
PCT/FR2009/051915 2008-11-17 2009-10-07 Electrical power supply for an electromagnetic retarder in a motor vehicle WO2010055237A1 (en)

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FR0857806A FR2938715B1 (en) 2008-11-17 2008-11-17 ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC RETARDER IN A MOTOR VEHICLE
FR0857806 2008-11-17

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