WO2010046998A1

WO2010046998A1 - Electric power supply system

Info

Publication number: WO2010046998A1
Application number: PCT/JP2008/069379
Authority: WO
Inventors: 雅人志賀; 忠幸北原; 諭神子; 小島　直人; 志郎福田
Original assignee: 株式会社ＭＥＲＳＴｅｃｈ
Priority date: 2008-10-24
Filing date: 2008-10-24
Publication date: 2010-04-29
Also published as: JPWO2010046998A1; JP4445040B1

Abstract

This power supply system (100) supplies electric power from a plurality of wind power generators (G21)-(G23) with big generation fluctuations to electric chargers (81)-(83) as contracted electric power consumption sources that allow a plurality of supplied electric power components to fluctuate. An electric power supply distribution means (73) distributes electric power with big fluctuations generated by the wind power generators (G21)-(G23) to each contracted electric power consumption source so as to satisfy both “a contracted short time fluctuation allowance rate” and “a contracted long time fluctuation allowance rate” that are agreed with a manager of each contracted electric power consumption source, changes a gate phase of a magnetic energy regeneration switch (MERS) (30) connected with each contracted electric power consumption source, and adjusts an electric power consumption amount of each contracted electric power consumption source, thereby carrying out “generated electric power amount following consumption”.

Description

Power supply system

The present invention relates to a power supply system, and more particularly to a power supply system that controls power fluctuations of a distributed power source such as renewable energy so as not to cause frequency fluctuations in the power system.

The frequency of the power system must be controlled so as to always match the amount of power generation equal to the total power consumption, and if there is a difference, it varies from the target value of 50 Hz or 60 Hz with a time constant of several seconds to several tens of seconds. Will do. When the power supply frequency changes, the power flow from other power grids connected to the transmission line changes, causing fluctuations in other power grids, and overcurrent in the grid transmission lines. This must be avoided as it may be. Frequency control is based on planned power plant operation, and hydroelectric power generation, pumped storage power generation, and thermal power plant output are controlled by a real-time automatic control function so that the target frequency is maintained with respect to momentary changes. It is changing. As a result, the frequency of the power system is controlled within a stable accuracy range within 0.05% of the target value.

However, when a large-capacity load is suddenly applied, the frequency drops in the transient state, and it takes several seconds to get out of the transient state. Similarly, fluctuations in generated power also affect the system frequency.

By the way, in recent years, environmental problems have been addressed. For example, in power generation, the use of a power generation device that uses natural energy such as sunlight or wind power has attracted attention. In this solar power generation, a solar cell panel using a silicon coating is received in the direction of sunlight, and power is generated using solar energy based on the photoelectric conversion principle. In wind power generation, a windmill rotated by wind power is connected to a generator, and kinetic energy is converted into electric energy to generate power. Since these power generators generate power by converting natural energy such as sunlight or wind power into electric energy, there is no CO ₂ emission during power generation. Therefore, it attracts attention as clean energy. In addition, since it is possible to construct a relatively small power generation facility, it does not require a large site or a large cost for installation, and is expected to increase in the future. In addition, as cogeneration, there are cases where the power of private power plants owned by companies is supplied to electric power companies, and there is a flow of transition to distributed power sources.

Various techniques have been proposed for tracking the output of a distributed power source in accordance with the load power amount and matching the target power generation amount. (Refer to Patent Documents 1 and 2) Also, coordinated control of the distributed power supply and the regional power transmission / distribution system for the purpose of adjusting the voltage / frequency of the distributed power supply, and distribution with probability control algorithm for adjusting the voltage of the distribution system A grid information monitoring system has also been proposed. (See Patent Documents 3 and 4)

However, in the case of power generation using distributed power sources, particularly natural energy, it is difficult to manage the power generation amount. That is, since power generation depends on relatively unstable natural energy such as sunlight and wind power, there is a problem that the amount of power generation is unstable and varies widely, and it is difficult to supply high-quality power. These are excellent power generators that use renewable energy, and it seems that they will be connected to the power system as important energy sources in the future.

On the other hand, from the viewpoint of power consumption, for example, when power is used as a power source for a computer or the like, stable and high-quality power supply is required. However, depending on the power consumption source, high-quality power is not always required. May not require supply. For example, in an electric water heater, there is no problem in the function of boiling hot water even if the superheater power fluctuates somewhat, and a stable and high-quality power supply is not always required during use.

Therefore, the “specific load”, which is the load of a specific consumer who has contracted to allow the power consumption to be controlled (the output may be fluctuated), is represented by the power system as the total amount of power consumption in time series. A system stabilization system has been proposed for controlling the power generation amount of a plurality of distributed power sources connected to the power source so as to be equal to the total amount in time series (Patent Document 5).

This document discloses the concept of stabilizing the system by making the total amount of power consumption of a specific load time series equal to the total amount of power generation of a distributed power source. There is no specific method for adjusting the power consumption of each time, how to match the total amount.

JP 2008-228422 A JP 2003-174723 A JP 2004-56996 A JP 2005-269744 A JP 2006-353079 A

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is a power consumption source that allows a plurality of power fluctuations connected to the power system to be instantaneously supplied from a power source with large fluctuations to the power system. It is an exemplary problem to provide a power supply system that can effectively use unstable distributed power supply such as natural energy power generation by making the amount of power consumed in the system correspond.

In order to solve the above-described problems, a power supply system as an exemplary aspect of the present invention includes a plurality of power supply systems that allow an instantaneous variation rate with respect to a rated consumption power of power supplied from a power system to a predetermined contract short-time allowable variation rate. A power supply amount calculating means for calculating a power supply amount having a large fluctuation to be supplied to the contract power consumption source at a predetermined cycle distribution timing, and distributing the power supply amount to a plurality of contract power consumption sources in a predetermined cycle A power supply distribution means for distributing at a timing; a plurality of load power adjustment switches configured to be connectable to each of a plurality of contract power consumption sources; and a control means connected to each of the plurality of load power adjustment switches. By changing the output voltage magnitude and current phase of the connected load power adjustment switch based on the distribution signal from the power supply distribution means, the load power And a control means for changing the magnitude of power supplied to the contract power consumption source to which the regulating switch is connected, wherein the power supply distribution means includes a plurality of load power adjustment switches. A long-term cumulative fluctuation rate that is a long-term cumulative value of the instantaneous fluctuation rate of power supplied from the power system for the rated power consumption of each of the plurality of contracted power consumption sources. Select multiple contract power consumption sources that do not exceed the predetermined long-term allowable fluctuation rate smaller than the predetermined contract short-time allowable fluctuation rate, and instantaneously supply the power supply amount to each of the selected multiple contract power consumption sources Distribution is configured so that the fluctuation rate does not exceed a predetermined contract short-time allowable fluctuation rate.

The control means sets the long-term cumulative fluctuation rate, which is a long-term cumulative value of the instantaneous fluctuation rate of the power supplied from the power grid to the rated power consumption of each contracted power consumption source for a large fluctuation in power supply amount. Select a contract power consumption source that does not exceed the long-term permissible fluctuation rate (less than the predetermined contract short-term permissible fluctuation rate described later), and the instantaneous fluctuation rate is “predetermined contract” for the selected contract power consumption source. By controlling the output voltage magnitude and current phase of the load power adjustment switch so that it does not exceed the `` short-time allowable fluctuation rate '', it is possible to supply multiple contracted power consumption sources with large fluctuations in the power supply amount. A reliable and stable distribution is performed. In other words, by allowing the instantaneous fluctuation rate to a relatively large “contract short-term allowable fluctuation rate” in a short time, sufficient power fluctuation absorption capacity is secured as a whole of the contract power consumption source, while long-term cumulative fluctuations are achieved. By adjusting the rate so that it does not exceed a small “permissible long-term fluctuation rate”, there is no problem on the side of each contract power consumption source.

This system uses a power generation device with unstable power generation without affecting the power system on the assumption that power supplied by a power generation device with stable power generation is consumed by a power consumption source that requires stability. The supply power that fluctuates from time to time is consumed by multiple contract power consumption sources that have agreed to allow the fluctuation rate of the supply power to a predetermined level of fluctuation that does not require much stability of the supply power, i.e. low “Power generation follow-up consumption” on the consumption side according to the quality power supply amount can be realized. Furthermore, this system can construct a power supply system according to the present invention using an existing power supply system using a load power adjustment switch and a control means. Therefore, system construction can be performed at low cost.

It should be noted that here, the power and power generation amount fluctuating and not stable are referred to as “low quality”, and the fluctuation and stable are referred to as “high quality”. In addition, as representative examples of power consumption that does not require high quality (low quality power consumption), for example, charging of electric vehicles such as electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles, electric assist bicycles, electric refrigerators, electric freezers, air conditioners, Power for washing machines, water heaters, pumps, and compression pumps. On the other hand, representative examples of power consumption that requires high quality include power supplied to electronic devices such as computers, network devices, and measuring devices.

Each of the plurality of contract power consumption sources can set one of a plurality of short-term allowable fluctuation rates as a predetermined contract short-time allowable fluctuation rate, and the power supply distribution means can determine the instantaneous fluctuation rate of each of the plurality of contract power consumption sources. However, the distribution may be made so as not to exceed the set predetermined contract short-time allowable fluctuation rate.

According to this system, it is possible to set a “contract short-term allowable fluctuation rate” that matches the actual situation of the power consumption source, and also to discount power charges according to the allowable “contract short-term allowable fluctuation rate”. Managers (users) can easily participate in contracted power consumption sources.

Further, each of the plurality of contract power consumption sources can set one of a plurality of long-time allowable fluctuation rates as a predetermined long-time allowable fluctuation rate, and the power supply distribution means can set each of the plurality of contract power consumption sources for a long time. A configuration may be adopted in which a plurality of contract power consumption sources whose cumulative fluctuation rates do not exceed the set predetermined long-term allowable fluctuation rates are selected.

According to this system, it is possible to set a “long-term permissible fluctuation rate” that matches the actual situation of the power consumption source, and also to discount power charges according to the allowable “long-term permissible fluctuation rate”. (Users) can easily participate in contract power consumption sources.

The predetermined long-term allowable fluctuation rate may be a contract long-time allowable fluctuation rate for each of the contract periods of a plurality of contract power consumption sources.

The predetermined long-term allowable fluctuation rate is set to a predetermined long-term allowable fluctuation rate at the end of the contract period of each of the plurality of contract power consumption sources, and the allowable long-term fluctuation rate during the contract period. A larger value may be set.

According to this system, the “long-term permissible fluctuation rate” may be larger than the “contract long-term permissible fluctuation rate” in the middle of the contract period, so that the system supplies power to each contract power consumption source. Increases flexibility. In addition, it is possible to discount power charges according to the allowance of this mechanism, and it becomes easy for the manager (user) of the power consumption source to participate in the contract power consumption source.

The power supply amount is distributed to a plurality of selected contract power consumption sources at the distribution timing, and the respective instantaneous variation rates of the selected plurality of contract power consumption sources according to the respective predetermined contract short-time allowable variation rates You may comprise so that it may distribute uniformly. In addition, the power supply amount is distributed to a plurality of selected contract power consumption sources at a distribution timing so that the instantaneous fluctuation rate of each of the selected plurality of contract power consumption sources increases as the rated power consumption increases. You may comprise as follows.

方式 In the method of uniformly distributing the instantaneous fluctuation rate of each of a plurality of selected contract power consumption sources, the control related to distribution can be simplified. On the other hand, in the method in which the instantaneous fluctuation rate of each of the selected multiple contract power consumption sources is increased as the rated power consumption increases, the contract power consumption sources with higher rated power consumption can be distributed mainly. The contract power consumption source is small, and the stability of the control can be increased.

The power supply amount calculating means is configured to calculate a power supply amount based on outputs from a plurality of power generation amount detecting means connected to some or all of a plurality of power generation devices connected to the power system and having large fluctuations in generated power. It's okay.

The power supply amount to be allocated to the contract power consumption source is determined based on outputs from a plurality of power generation amount detection means connected to some or all of a plurality of power generation devices connected to the power grid and having large fluctuations in generated power. Since the calculation is performed, it is possible to realize accurate “power generation follow-up consumption” corresponding to “power generation amount” that fluctuates every moment. In addition, since it is sufficient to perform power consumption following the fluctuation of “power generation amount”, a value obtained by adding a predetermined value to “power generation amount” or a value obtained by subtracting a predetermined value from “power generation amount” is set as the power supply amount. You can also.

Also, the instantaneous variation rate of each of the plurality of contract power consumption sources may be adjusted so that the change of the instantaneous variation rate with respect to the rated power consumption does not exceed a predetermined value in a predetermined cycle.

この According to this system, since it is set so as to avoid sudden changes, there is no adverse effect on the contract power consumption equipment.

The load power adjustment switch includes a bridge circuit composed of four reverse conducting semiconductor switches and a magnetic energy storage capacitor that is connected between the DC terminals of the bridge circuit and stores the magnetic energy of the current at the time of current interruption. The magnetic energy regenerative switch is provided, the AC terminal of the bridge circuit is connected to the contract power consumption source and the power system, respectively, and the control means gives a control signal to the gate of each reverse conducting semiconductor switch, and is positioned on the diagonal line The operation of turning on the reverse conducting semiconductor switch of one pair and turning off the reverse conducting semiconductor switch of the other pair simultaneously, and turning on the reverse conducting semiconductor switch in synchronization with the frequency of the AC power supply of the power system Controls to perform switching operation for alternately switching the pair and the pair to be turned off, and from the power supply distribution means Magnetic energy regeneration that changes the magnitude of the input voltage and current phase of the load power adjustment switch by changing the gate phase of each reverse conducting semiconductor switch according to the signal and changing the phase of the switching operation for the AC power supply. You may comprise so that it may be a switch.

In this system, a magnetic energy regenerative switch is used as a load power adjustment switch connected to each of the contract power consumption sources, so that zero switching can be performed as described later, and harmonics in each contract power consumption source can be achieved. Less noise and less power loss.

In addition, a magnetic energy regenerative switch is connected in parallel to each of the two diodes and a bridge circuit composed of two reverse conducting semiconductor switches and two diodes facing the reverse conducting semiconductor switches. It may be replaced with a configuration having two magnetic energy storage capacitors connected in series.

In addition, the magnetic energy regenerative switch connects two reverse conducting semiconductor switches connected in reverse series and two magnetic energy storage capacitors connected in series in parallel, the two reverse conducting switches The configuration may be replaced with a configuration having a midpoint of the type semiconductor switch and a wiring connected to the midpoints of the two magnetic energy storage capacitors.

The plurality of power generation devices with large fluctuations in generated power may be at least one of a solar power generation device, a wind power generation device, and a geothermal power generation device.

Each of the plurality of contract power consumption sources is at least one of an electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid vehicle, an electric vehicle such as an electric assist bicycle, an electric refrigerator, an electric freezer, an air conditioner, a washing machine, a water heater, a pump, and a compression pump. Any one may be sufficient.

Further objects and other features of the present invention will become apparent from the preferred embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

According to the present invention, the amount of power consumed by a power consumption source that allows a plurality of power fluctuations connected to the power system is made to correspond to the amount of power that is supplied to the power system from a power source with large power fluctuations. Thus, unstable supply power such as natural energy power generation can be used effectively.

It is a figure which shows the basic composition of a magnetic energy regeneration switch (MERS) built-in system. 2A and 2B are diagrams for explaining switching control of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) by the control unit. FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams for explaining switching control of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) by the control unit. 4A and 4B are diagrams for explaining switching control of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) by the control unit. It is a figure which shows the operation simulation result of a magnetic energy regeneration switch (MERS) built-in system. It is a figure which shows the approximate value of load voltage / rated voltage when a magnetic energy regeneration switch (MERS) built-in system is connected to an inductive load and the gate phase angle is changed. It is a figure which shows the other aspect of a magnetic energy regeneration switch (MERS). It is a figure which shows the other aspect of a magnetic energy regeneration switch (MERS). It is a block block diagram which shows schematic structure of the electric power supply system which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the outline | summary of the calculation content of an electric power supply amount calculation means. It is a figure for demonstrating the storage information of a contract electric power consumption source information storage device. It is a flowchart explaining the process of an electric power supply distribution means. It is a figure explaining the state of control in a certain timing of the electric power supply system concerning the embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

AC, AC: AC terminals C1 to C3: Electric vehicle D: Instantaneous fluctuation rate DLcum: Long-term cumulative fluctuation rate DLlim: Long-time allowable fluctuation rate Dag: Contract short-time allowable fluctuation rate DLag: Contract long-time allowable fluctuation rate Dtarget: Increase / decrease Rate (goal)
DC (P), DC (N): DC terminals D1, D2: Diode G: Power generation devices G1-G4: Gates G11-G12: Stable power generation devices G21-G23: Wind power generator Pc: Contract power consumption source consumption (target) )
Pc0: Contract power consumption source rated consumption Ps: Basic power supply Pd: Power supply P: Computers SW1 to SW8: Reverse conduction type semiconductor switch 10: Magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) embedded system 20: AC power supply
21-24:

Connectors

30, 30a, 30b, 31-33: Magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS)
32, 33, 34, 35, 36: Magnetic energy storage capacitors 40 to 43: Control unit (control means)
50: Inductive load 51-53: Power supply system start switches 61-63: Power generation amount sensor 70: Power control unit 72: Power generation supply amount calculation means 73: Power supply distribution means 74: Contract power consumption source information storage device 75- 77: Power generation amount signal receiver
81-83: Charger (contract power consumption source)
90: Power system 100: Power supply system

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The same or equivalent components, members, and processes shown in the drawings are denoted by the same reference numerals, and repeated descriptions are omitted as appropriate. Further, the embodiments do not limit the invention but are exemplifications, and all features and combinations thereof described in the embodiments are not necessarily essential to the invention.

The power supply system according to the present embodiment is a so-called network-type power supply system that supplies generated power with large power fluctuations to a power consumption source that allows a plurality of power fluctuations. This power supply system can be connected to each of a power supply amount calculation means for calculating a power supply amount to be supplied to a power consumption source that allows a plurality of power fluctuations, a power supply distribution means, and a plurality of contract power consumption sources. And a load power adjustment switch that adjusts the load power in the power consumption source, and a control unit (control means) that controls the load power adjustment switch. This power supply system is connected to a power consumption source and inputs power generation information every moment to control the power consumption of a power consumption source that allows multiple power fluctuations according to the momentary power generation situation To do.

The load power adjustment switch is, for example, a magnetic energy regenerative switch (Magnetic Energy Recovery Switch: MERS: hereinafter referred to as MERS). The control unit controls the gate phase of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) based on the digital signal converted by the signal conversion means, thereby adjusting the power consumption (ie, supply power) in the power consumption source within the rated power range. And has a function of changing the amount of electric power.

Magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS), for example, does not have reverse blocking capability, that is, it is possible to turn on / off current in both forward and reverse directions only by gate control using four reverse conducting semiconductor elements and cut off the current. This is a switch that can regenerate magnetic energy without loss by storing the magnetic energy of the current in the magnetic energy storage capacitor and releasing it to the load side through the semiconductor element provided with an on-gate. It is a magnetic energy regenerative switch with low loss that can be controlled. (For example, refer to Japanese Patent No. 3634982. This patent publication discloses a full-bridge magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS).)

For the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS), as a reverse conduction type semiconductor element, for example, a semiconductor element capable of forward control such as a power MOSFET, a transistor having an IGBT or a diode connected in reverse parallel (hereinafter referred to as a reverse conduction type semiconductor switch). Is used). The magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) is configured by connecting a bridge circuit composed of the four reverse conducting semiconductor switches and a magnetic energy storage capacitor that absorbs and releases magnetic energy to the positive and negative electrodes of the bridge circuit. . The magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) can flow current in either direction by controlling the gate phase of these four reverse conducting semiconductor switches.

The magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) is a pair of two reverse conducting semiconductor switches located on a diagonal line among four reverse conducting semiconductor switches connected in a bridge, and the two pairs are turned on / off. These switching operations are performed in synchronization with the frequency of the power supply, and when one pair is on, the other pair is turned off. The magnetic energy storage capacitor repeats charging and discharging of magnetic energy in accordance with the on / off switching timing.

When an off-gate is applied to one pair and an on-gate is applied to the other pair, the current conducted in the forward direction is changed to the first diode of the other pair—the magnetic energy storage capacitor—the second of the other pair. In this way, the magnetic energy storage capacitor is charged. That is, the magnetic energy of the current is stored in the magnetic energy storage capacitor. The magnetic energy of the current at the time of current interruption is stored in the magnetic energy storage capacitor until the voltage of the magnetic energy storage capacitor rises and the current becomes zero. When the voltage of the magnetic energy storage capacitor increases until the capacitor current becomes zero, the current interruption is completed. At this point, since the other pair has already been turned on, the charge of the magnetic energy storage capacitor is discharged to the load side through the reverse conducting semiconductor switch that is turned on, and the magnetic energy stored in the magnetic energy storage capacitor is discharged. Is regenerated on the load side.

Thus, the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) controls the on / off gate phase of two pairs of two reverse conducting semiconductor switches located on the diagonal line among the four reverse conducting semiconductor switches. Thus, it is possible to arbitrarily control the magnitude of the output voltage of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) and the phase of the current.

First, the configuration and operation of a magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) as a load power adjustment switch will be described. In the present embodiment, a magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) built-in system in which a magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) is connected in series between an AC power supply and a dielectric load.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a basic configuration of a magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) embedded system 10. In FIG. 1, a magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) embedded system 10 includes an AC power supply 20 and an inductive load 50 having inductance. A magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 is inserted between the AC power supply 20 and the inductive load 50. The magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) embedded system 10 includes a control unit 40 that controls switching of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30.

The magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 is a magnetic energy regenerative switch that can control currents in both forward and reverse directions and can regenerate magnetic energy to the load side without loss. The magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 absorbs the magnetic energy of the current that flows through the bridge circuit composed of the four reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1, SW2, SW3, and SW4 and the switch of the bridge circuit. And a magnetic energy storage capacitor 32.

In the bridge circuit, a reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW1 and a reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW4 are connected in series, a reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW2 and a reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW3 are connected in series, and they are connected in parallel. Is formed.

The magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 is connected to the DC terminal DC (P) at the connection point between the reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW1 and the reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW3, and between the reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW2 and the reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW4. It is connected to a DC terminal DC (N) at a point. Further, there is an alternating current between the AC terminal at the connection point between the reverse conduction type semiconductor switch SW1 and the reverse conduction type semiconductor switch SW4 and the AC terminal at the connection point between the reverse conduction type semiconductor switch SW2 and the reverse conduction type semiconductor switch SW3. The power supply 20 and the inductive load 50 are connected in series.

A first pair of reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1 and SW2 located on a diagonal line disposed in a magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 and a reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW3 and SW4 also located on the diagonal line The second pair is alternately turned on / off in synchronization with the power supply frequency. That is, when one pair is on, the other pair is off. Then, for example, when an off-gate is given to the first pair and an on-gate is given to the second pair, the current that has been conducted in the forward direction becomes the reverse conduction type semiconductor switch SW3-magnetic energy storage capacitor of the second pair. 32--reverse conduction type semiconductor switch SW4 flows through the path, whereby the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 is charged. That is, the magnetic energy of the current is stored in the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32.

The magnetic energy of the current at the time of current interruption is accumulated in the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 until the voltage of the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 increases and the current becomes zero, and the voltage of the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 until the capacitor current becomes zero. When is increased, the current interruption is completed. At this time, the second pair has already been turned on, so that the charge of the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 is discharged to the inductive load 50 through the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW3 and SW4 that are turned on, and the magnetic energy storage. The magnetic energy stored in the capacitor 32 is regenerated to the inductive load 50.

When the current is turned on / off, a pulse voltage is applied to the inductive load 50, and the magnitude of the voltage depends on the reverse conduction type semiconductor switches SW1 to SW4 and the inductive load according to the capacitance of the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32. 50 withstand voltage tolerance can be set. Unlike the conventional series power factor correction capacitor, a DC capacitor can be used for the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30. The reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1 to SW4 are made of, for example, power MOSFETs and have gates G1, G2, G3, and G4, respectively. Body diodes (parasitic diodes) are connected in parallel to the channels of the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1 to SW4.

In the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30, in addition to the body diode, a diode may be added in reverse parallel to the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1 to SW4. As the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1 to SW4, for example, an element such as an IGBT or a transistor having a diode connected in reverse parallel can be used.

The control unit 40 controls the switching of the reverse conduction type semiconductor switches SW1 to SW4 of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30. Specifically, it includes an on / off operation of a pair of reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1 and SW2 located on a diagonal line in a bridge circuit of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 and reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW3 and SW4. A control signal is transmitted to the gates G1 to G4 so that the pair is turned on and off simultaneously every half cycle so that when one is turned on, the other is turned off.

Subsequently, switching control of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 by the control unit 40 will be described in detail. 2A, 2 B, 3 A, 3 B, 4 A, and 4 B are diagrams for explaining switching control of the MERS 30 by the control unit 40.

First, when the control unit 40 turns on the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1 and SW2 in a state where the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 has no charging voltage, as shown in FIG. A path that passes through SW3 and SW1 and a path that passes through reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW2 and SW4 flow in parallel.

Next, the controller 40 turns off the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1 and SW2 at a predetermined timing before the voltage of the AC power supply 20 is inverted, for example, about 2 ms. (This corresponds to a gate phase angle α for controlling the reverse conducting semiconductor switch of about 36 deg when the AC frequency is 50 Hz.) As a result, as shown in FIG. Type semiconductor switch SW3-magnetic energy storage capacitor 32-reverse conduction type semiconductor switch SW4 flows through the path. As a result, magnetic energy is absorbed (charged) in the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32. In the present embodiment, the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW3 and SW4 are turned on at the timing when the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1 and SW2 are turned off.

When the charging of the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 is completed, that is, when the voltage of the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 exceeds a predetermined value, the current is cut off. Then, when the voltage of the AC power supply 20 is inverted, the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW3 and SW4 are already on, and the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 has a charging voltage. Therefore, as shown in FIG. The reverse conduction type semiconductor switch SW4 flows through a path passing through the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 and the reverse conduction type semiconductor switch SW3. Then, the magnetic energy stored in the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 is released (discharged).

Next, when the discharge from the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 is completed, as shown in FIG. 3B, the current passes through the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1 and SW3 and the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW4 and SW2. It flows through the path and becomes a parallel conduction state.

Next, at a predetermined timing before the voltage of the AC power supply 20 is inverted, the control unit 40 turns off the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW3 and SW4. As a result, as shown in FIG. 4 (a), the current flows through a path passing through the reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW1, the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32, and the reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW2. As a result, magnetic energy is absorbed by the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32. In the present embodiment, the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1 and SW2 are turned on at the timing when the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW3 and SW4 are turned off.

When the charging of the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 is completed, the current is cut off, and when the voltage of the AC power supply 20 is reversed, the reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1 and SW2 are already on, and the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 has a charging voltage. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4B, the current flows through a path passing through the reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW2-the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32-the reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW1. Then, the magnetic energy stored in the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 is discharged. When the discharge from the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 is completed, the parallel conduction state shown in FIG. As described above, the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 can cause a current to flow in both directions by alternately bringing two opposing pairs of reverse conducting semiconductor switches into a conducting state.

The following effects are obtained by the switching control of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 as described above. FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C and 5D show magnetic energy when the frequency of the AC power supply 20 is 50 Hz and the gate phase angle α for controlling the reverse conducting semiconductor switch is about 36 deg. It is a figure for demonstrating the operation result of the regenerative switch (MERS) embedded system. FIG. 5A shows power supply voltage and current waveforms when the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 is not incorporated. FIG. 5B shows the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 incorporated. The waveforms of the power supply voltage, current, and load voltage are shown. 5C shows the waveform of the magnetic energy storage capacitor voltage and the current flowing through the reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW1, and FIG. 5D shows the timing when the reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW1 is turned on.

As shown in FIG. 5A, when the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 is not incorporated, the phase of the current is delayed from the phase of the power supply voltage due to the influence of the inductive load 50. Therefore, the power factor of the AC power supply 20 is smaller than 1. On the other hand, when a magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 is inserted in series between the AC power supply 20 and the inductive load 50, the phase of the current can be advanced as shown in FIG. The power factor of the AC power supply 20 can be made close to 1.

That is, the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 adjusts the gate phase of the two pairs on the diagonal line of the reverse conduction type semiconductor switches SW1 to SW4, so that the magnetic energy of the inductive load 50 is transferred to the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32. It is possible to store and advance the phase of the current, thereby bringing the power factor of the AC power supply 20 close to 1. In addition, the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 can not only advance the phase of the current but also can arbitrarily control the phase of the current, thereby arbitrarily adjusting the power factor. Furthermore, by storing the magnetic energy of the inductive load 50 in the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 and regenerating the stored magnetic energy in the inductive load 50, the load voltage can be increased or decreased steplessly.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 5C and 5D, at the timing when the reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW1 is turned on, the magnetic energy storage capacitor voltage is 0, and the current flowing through the reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW1. Is the current that flows through the diode of the reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW1 during parallel conduction. The magnetic energy storage capacitor voltage is 0 even at the timing when the reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW1 is turned off. That is, switching is performed at 0 voltage and 0 current, and therefore loss due to switching can be eliminated. Since the other three reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW2 to SW4 are switched in synchronization with the reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW1, the same result is obtained.

As described above, FIGS. 5A, 5 B, 5 C, and 5 D are obtained when the gate phase angle α for controlling the reverse conducting semiconductor switch is about 36 deg when the AC frequency is 50 Hz. Although the operation result of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) embedded system 10 is shown, the gate phase angle α for controlling the reverse conducting semiconductor switch of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 is continuously controlled from 0 deg to 360 deg. can do. FIG. 6 shows approximate values of load voltage / rated voltage when the gate phase angle α for controlling the reverse conducting semiconductor switch is changed when an ice making machine using a 2 KW induction motor is used as a load. The rated voltage is a voltage corresponding to 100% of the power supply voltage. The load voltage / rated voltage increases as the gate phase angle α increases from 0 deg, reaches a maximum value of about 140% at the gate phase angle α = about 90 deg, decreases as the gate phase angle α further increases, and decreases to the gate phase. At the angle α = 180 deg, it decreases to about 50%. On the way, the gate phase angle α = about 135 deg and the load voltage / rated voltage = 1. Therefore, the load voltage can be continuously controlled from about 60% to 130% of the power supply voltage by controlling the gate phase angle α of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 by about ± 30 deg with reference to 135 deg. When the gate phase angle α is controlled in the range from 180 deg to 360 deg, the result is the same as when the direction is changed from 180 deg to 0 deg.

The charging / discharging cycle of the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 is a half cycle of the resonance cycle of the inductive load 50 and the capacitor 32, and when the switching cycle is longer than the resonance cycle determined by the inductive load 50 and the capacitor 32, The magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 can always perform zero voltage zero current switching, that is, soft switching.

Unlike the conventional voltage type inverter, the magnetic energy storage capacitor 32 used for the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 is only for storing the magnetic energy of the inductance in the circuit. For this reason, the capacitor capacity can be significantly reduced as compared with the voltage source capacitor of the conventional voltage type inverter. The capacitor capacity is selected so that the resonance period with the load is shorter than the switching frequency. For this reason, harmonic noise that tends to be a problem in the conventional voltage type inverter hardly occurs in the switching in the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30. Therefore, adverse effects due to harmonic noise on precision instruments and measuring instruments hardly occur in the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30, and the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 can be used safely in hospitals and the like. it can. Moreover, since it is soft switching, there is little power loss and there is also little heat_generation | fever.

In addition, when the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 is used as a gate pulse generator, a unique ID number can be assigned to each magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30, and a control signal from the outside can be used using this. Can be received and each magnetic energy regeneration switch (MERS) 30 can be controlled. For example, it is possible to wirelessly control the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 by sending a control signal wirelessly using a communication line such as the Internet.

In the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) embedded system 10 described above, the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 is connected between a bridge circuit formed by four reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1 to SW4 and a DC terminal of the bridge circuit. However, the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 may be configured as follows.

7 and 8 are diagrams showing another aspect of the magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30. FIG. The magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30a shown in FIG. 7 is different from the full bridge type magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30 including the four reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW1 to SW4 and the single capacitor 32 described above. Thus, it is a vertical half bridge type composed of two reverse conducting semiconductor switches, two diodes, and two capacitors.

More specifically, the vertical half-bridge magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30a includes two reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW5 and SW6 connected in series and the two reverse conducting semiconductor switches SW5. , Two magnetic

energy storage capacitors

33, 34 connected in series and provided in parallel with SW6, and two diodes D1, connected in parallel with the two magnetic

energy storage capacitors

33, 34, respectively. D2.

8 is a horizontal half-bridge type magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30b. The horizontal half-bridge magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30b includes two reverse conducting semiconductor switches and two capacitors.

More specifically, the horizontal half-bridge structure magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 30b includes a reverse conduction type semiconductor switch SW7 and a magnetic energy storage capacitor 35 provided in series on the first path, and the first path. A reverse conducting semiconductor switch SW8 and a magnetic energy storage capacitor 36 provided in series on a second path parallel to the first path, and a wiring connected in parallel to the first and second paths. .

Subsequently, the power supply system according to the present embodiment will be described.

FIG. 9 is a block configuration diagram showing a schematic configuration of the power supply system 100 according to the present embodiment. Here, as the power generation device G, a plurality of stable power generation devices G11 to G12 capable of supplying stable and high-quality power such as nuclear power generation and thermal power generation, and a natural energy power generation device that provides unstable and low-quality power supply An example in which a plurality of wind power generators G21 to G23 are connected to the power system 90 will be described.
On the path between the wind power generators G21 to G23 and the power system 90, power generation amount sensors 61 to 63 are installed and connected to the power control unit 70, respectively.

The power generation amount sensors 61 to 63 are for detecting the amount of power (power generation amount) generated by the wind power generators G21 to G23. As the power generation amount sensors 61 to 63, existing power meters and the like can be applied. The power generation amount sensors 61 to 63 constantly or regularly monitor the power generation amount by the wind power generators G21 to G23, and the value of the power generation amount that fluctuates with time is directed to the power control unit 70 constantly or periodically. Sending.

As shown in FIG. 9, the power supply system 100 according to this embodiment includes a power generation amount sensor (power generation amount detection means) 61 to 63, a power control unit 70, and a magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) 31 as a load power adjustment switch. To 33 and control units (control means) 41 to 43 for adjusting magnetic energy regenerative switches (MERS) 31 to 33.

Magnetic energy regenerative switches (MERS) 31 to 33 are chargers 81 to 83 as contract power consumption sources that allow predetermined supply power fluctuations, and connectors for connecting the chargers 81 to 83 to the power system 90, respectively. It is installed between 21 and 23. Magnetic energy regenerative switches (MERS) 31 to 33 are connected to the corresponding control units 41 to 43, respectively, and adjust the load power to the chargers 81 to 83 based on the gate phase control from the control units 41 to 43. It has a function to do. More specifically, based on the power generation amount signals from the power generation amount sensors 61 to 63, the power control unit 70 transmits the gate phase to be controlled to the control units 41 to 43, and the control units 41 to 43 The connector 21 is controlled by controlling the gate phases of the magnetic energy regenerative switches (MERS) 31 to 33 connected to the chargers 81 to 83 which are contract power consumption sources in accordance with the gate phase signal transmitted from the power control unit 70. Are configured to adjust the load power (power consumption) of the chargers 81 to 83 connected to the power system 90 through. That is, when the amount of electric power (power generation amount) generated by the wind power generators G21 to G23 is small, the gate phases of the magnetic energy regeneration switches (MERS) 31 to 33 are adjusted by the gate phase control by the control units 41 to 43, The load power of the chargers 81 to 83 is reduced. Further, when the amount of power generated by the wind power generators G21 to G23 (power generation amount) is large, the gate phases of the magnetic energy regenerative switches (MERS) 31 to 33 are adjusted by the gate phase control by the control units 41 to 43, The load power of the chargers 81 to 83 is increased.

Here, the connectors 21 to 23 are, for example, plug insertion ports, and are interfaces for electrically connecting electrical products as power consumption sources.

The chargers 81 to 83 are secondary batteries (for charging the battery 9) of the electric vehicles C1 to C3 that can be driven by electric power. For example, the electric vehicles C1 to C3 and the charger 81 are used at night. To 83 and the chargers 81 to 83 to the connectors 21 to 23, respectively, the secondary batteries (batteries) in the electric vehicles C1 to C3 are fully charged by the next morning.

It takes several hours to charge with the chargers 81 to 83. Even if the power supply voltage fluctuates somewhat, there is no particular problem if the electric vehicles C1 to C3 are fully charged by the next morning. Therefore, the power supplied to the connectors 21 to 23 does not have to be high-quality power, and may be low-quality supply power including power fluctuation. The power supplied to the chargers 81 to 83 varies depending on the amount of power (power generation amount) generated by the wind power generators G21 to G23. However, the chargers 81 to 83 are not particularly affected because they are hardly affected by power fluctuations. Accordingly, the chargers 81 to 83 are all contract power consumption sources that allow a predetermined supply power fluctuation. Further, as described above, the power supply control to each contract power consumption source (such as the chargers 81 to 83) is performed by using a magnetic energy regenerative switch (MERS) connected to each contract power consumption source (such as the charger 81 to 83). ) This is performed based on the gate phase control of 31-33. The inductive load 50 in the above description corresponds to “chargers 81 to 83 that are contract power consumption sources” in the present embodiment.

On the other hand, a computer P as another power consumption source is connected to the connector 24. The computer P is composed of a large number of electronic devices including a CPU, and performs arithmetic processing using electric signals. Therefore, if the power supply voltage varies during operation, the computer P does not operate normally. Therefore, the power supplied to the connector 24 for the computer P needs to be high quality and supplied power with little fluctuation.

The power control unit 70 includes power generation amount signal receiving units 75 to 77, a power supply amount calculation unit 72, a power supply distribution unit 73, and a contract power consumption source information storage device 74.

The power generation amount signal receiving sections 75 to 77 have a function of detecting the power generation amount from the power generation amount sensors 61 to 63 and transmitting the detected power generation amount to the power supply amount calculation means 72.

The power supply amount calculation means 72 is a “power supply amount with a large fluctuation” to be distributed to contract power consumption sources such as the chargers 81 to 83 at a distribution timing of a predetermined period based on signals from the power generation amount signal receiving units 75 to 77. Is calculated.

FIG. 10 shows an outline of the calculation contents of the power supply amount calculation means 72. As described above, the power generation amount sensors 61 to 63 constantly or regularly monitor the power generation amount by the wind power generators G21 to G23, and the value of the power generation amount that varies with time is constantly directed toward the power control unit 70. Or send regularly. A signal related to the power generation amount is transmitted to the power supply amount calculation means 72 via the power generation amount signal receiving units 75 to 77. The power supply amount calculating means 72 calculates the total amount of power generated by the wind power generators G21 to G23 (power basic supply amount having a large variation) Ps at a predetermined cycle timing (distribution timing). The power basic supply amount Ps having a large variation may be used as it is as the power supply amount Pd to be distributed to a plurality of contract power consumption sources. As will be described later, since it is distributed to a plurality of contract power consumption sources according to the power supply amount Pd that varies from moment to moment, accurate “power generation follow-up consumption” can be realized. Further, since it is sufficient to perform power consumption following the fluctuation part of the power basic supply amount Ps having a large fluctuation, a value obtained by adding a predetermined value to the power basic supply quantity Ps having a large fluctuation or a power basic supply quantity Ps having a large fluctuation. A value obtained by subtracting the predetermined value may be used as the power supply amount Pd.

In FIG. 10, at time a−b, the power supply amount Pd = calculated as a basic power supply amount Ps with large fluctuations, and at time bc, the power supply amount Pd = calculated as a basic power supply quantity Ps + 100 with large fluctuations.

The contract power consumption source information storage device 74 is connected to the power supply amount calculation means 72 and the power supply distribution means 73 and stores each contract power consumption source information therein.

FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the storage information of the contract power consumption source information storage device 74. The owner of the power consumption source that allows the fluctuation of the power supplied from the power system with respect to the rated power consumption is related to the administrator of the power supply system 100, the target power consumption source, and the rated power in advance. Amount, short-term allowable range (to what percentage of the rated power amount the instantaneous power fluctuation performed by the power supply system 100 is allowed), contract period (allowing the instantaneous power fluctuation performed by the power supply system 100 Time zone, day of week, etc.), and long-term tolerance (up to what percentage of the rated power is allowed to accumulate power fluctuations throughout the contract period). The contract power consumption source information storage device 74 stores related information related to all the latest contract power consumption sources and is updated as needed. The display example shows a charger for an electric vehicle with a rated power of 2000 W as a contract power consumption source with ID number 00003, ± 20% as a short-term tolerance, ± 2.5% as a long-term tolerance The contract period is set to 23: 00-6: 00 every day, and further, the long-term tolerance is allowed to deviate in the middle of the contract period, that is, the long-term tolerance is ± 6 in the morning at the end of the contract period. A special agreement has been agreed that it may be within 2.5%, and the long-term tolerance may not be within ± 2.5% at the middle of the contract period (for example, 5:00 in the morning).

The power supply distribution unit 73 is connected to the control units 41 to 43, and the “power supply amount with large fluctuation” calculated by the power supply amount calculation unit 72 is converted into the chargers 81 to 83 at a distribution timing of a predetermined period. It has a function to distribute to the contract power consumption sources. The connection between the power supply distribution means 73 and the control units 41 to 43 may be via a dedicated line, via the Internet, or via radio.

The timing (distribution timing) of the predetermined cycle may be determined as appropriate according to the characteristics of the means for connecting the power supply distribution means 73 and the control units 41 to 43 (via a dedicated line, via the Internet, via wireless, etc.). For example, it may be every 200 Sec to every 30 Sec.

In addition, between the magnetic energy regeneration switches (MERS) 31 to 33 and the connectors 21 to 23, the power supply system target activation switches 51 to 53 are arranged, respectively. The power supply system target activation switches 51 to 53 are each connected to the power supply distribution means 73. The power supply system target activation switches 51 to 53 are automatically turned on when detecting that the power sources of the respective contract power consumption sources such as the chargers 81 to 83 are turned on, and transmit them to the power supply distribution means 73. To do. Further, the power supply system target activation switches 51 to 53 may be configured to remain off even when the power source of the contract power consumption source is turned on. In this case, if the administrator of the contract power consumption source turns off the power supply system target activation switches 51 to 53, the contract power consumption source is set as a control target of the power supply system 100 and variation from the rated power is allowed. And can be used normally at rated power.

The connection between the power supply system target activation switches 51 to 53 and the power supply distribution means 73 may be any of a dedicated line, the Internet, and a wireless connection.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart for explaining the processing of the power supply distribution unit 73.
The following steps are repeatedly performed in the cycle by a trigger signal at a distribution timing of a predetermined cycle (for example, every 30 Sec).

At that time, the contract power consumption source within the contract period and the power supply system target activation switch ON is selected (S1). Specifically, the flag F1 is set for each subroutine within the contract period and the power supply system target activation switch is ON, and the flag F1 is set in the main routine. Select.

For each selected contract power consumption source, the long-term cumulative fluctuation rate DLcum that is the long-term cumulative value of the instantaneous fluctuation rate D of power up to the previous distribution timing (for example, 30 Sec before) in each contract period (time) Is calculated (S2). Specifically, for example, DLcum = DLcum (n−1) + D (n−1) × (1 / time (seconds) since selection of the contract power consumption source × 5) may be approximately calculated. DLcum (n-1) is the long-term cumulative fluctuation rate DLcum value obtained at the previous distribution timing (for example, 30 Sec), and D (n-1) is the previous distribution timing (for example, 30 Sec). Instantaneous fluctuation rate D.

Calculate long-term allowable fluctuation rate DLlim (S3). Specifically, the long-term allowable variation rate DLlim may be set to the contract long-term allowable variation rate DLag, or set to the contract long-time allowable variation rate DLag at the end of the contract period, and in the middle of the contract period You may set to a bigger value than contract long time allowable fluctuation rate DLag.

The contract power consumption source whose long-term cumulative fluctuation rate DLcum does not exceed the long-time allowable fluctuation rate DLlim is selected (S4) and specified as the contract power consumption source to be controlled. Specifically, in a subroutine, the long-time cumulative fluctuation rate DLcum and the long-time allowable fluctuation rate DLlim are compared, and a flag F2 is set for the long-time cumulative fluctuation rate DLcum⊆long-time allowable fluctuation rate DLlim. Choose what is standing.

If the long-term cumulative fluctuation rate DLcum is in the direction opposite to the instantaneous fluctuation rate D at the previous distribution timing (for example, 30 Sec), all the corresponding contract power consumption sources are selected (S5), and the contract power to be controlled is selected. Identify consumption sources. Specifically, if DLcum (n−1)> 0 and D (n−1) <0, or DLcum (n−1) <0 and D (n−1)> 0, flag F3 is set.

The contract power consumption source rated consumption Pc0, which is the sum of the rated power consumptions of all the contract power consumption sources that are controlled, is calculated (S6).

The power supply amount Pd calculated by the power supply amount calculation means 72 is read, and the contract power consumption source consumption amount (target) Pc to be consumed by the contract power consumption source to be controlled is set as Pc = power supply amount Pd (S7).

Increase / decrease rate (target) Dtarget is calculated by contract power consumption source consumption (target) Pc / contract power consumption source rated consumption Pc0 (S8).

The rate of change (target) Dtarget is distributed to all contracted power consumption sources that are controlled (S9). The distribution method is, for example, to distribute uniformly according to the contract short-term allowable fluctuation rate (contract power consumption sources with a large contract short-term allowable fluctuation rate are roughly distributed, but the same contract short-term allowable fluctuation rate is The contract power consumption sources may be distributed uniformly), or may be distributed more largely as the rated power consumption increases.

The instantaneous fluctuation rate D is compared with each short-time allowable fluctuation rate Dag, and when the short-time allowable fluctuation rate Dag is exceeded, the instantaneous fluctuation rate D is limited to the short-time allowable fluctuation rate Dag (S10).

Based on the instantaneous fluctuation rate D of each contract power consumption source, a signal is transmitted from the power supply distribution means 73 to the control unit (for example, the control units 41 to 43) of the corresponding contract power consumption source (S11). At this time, the change in the instantaneous variation rate D from the instantaneous variation rate D (n−1) at the previous distribution timing (for example, 30 Sec) may not exceed a predetermined value. The corresponding contract power consumption source control unit (for example, the control unit 41 to 43), based on the signal of the instantaneous fluctuation rate D transmitted from the power supply distribution means 73, the gates of the magnetic energy regenerative switches (MERS) 31 to 33 The phase is adjusted and the load power of the chargers 81 to 83 is controlled. The gate phases of the magnetic energy regenerative switches (MERS) 31 to 33 are maintained until a signal at the next distribution timing (for example, after 30 Sec) is received, and updated by the instantaneous variation rate D of the next distribution timing.

When communication between the power supply distribution means 73 and a control unit (for example, the control unit 41) of a specific contract power consumption source is interrupted, specifically, a control unit (for example, control of a specific contract power consumption source) When the unit 41) does not recognize the signal of the instantaneous variation rate D from the power supply distribution means 73 (for example, when it does not recognize five times continuously), it is determined that communication has been interrupted and the power supply system target activation switch 51 is turned off. You may comprise. In this case, the contract power consumption source (charger 81) is excluded from the control target of the power supply system 100 and is normally used at the rated power without allowing variation from the rated power.

In the above-described control, the instantaneous fluctuation rate D is calculated simultaneously at each distribution timing (for example, every 30 Sec) for all contract power consumption sources selected in step S1, and each contract power consumption source is controlled. According to the method, for example, each distribution timing (for example, every 30 Sec) is divided into six, all the contract power consumption sources selected in step S1 are divided into six groups, each divided into six groups and each divided distribution timing into six groups (Every 5 Sec) is correlated, and the instantaneous fluctuation rate D of the contract power consumption source of each group divided into 6 at each distribution timing (every 5 Sec) is calculated, thereby controlling each contract power consumption source You may comprise as follows. With this configuration, the signal transmitted from the power supply distribution unit 73 from each contract power consumption source is at each distribution timing (for example, every 30 Sec), but from the power supply distribution unit 73, “power generation” Control for “quantity follow-up consumption” can be performed at each distribution timing (every 5 Sec) divided into six.

Further, the power supply amount calculation means 72 monitors the increase / decrease rate (target) Dtarget, and when the cumulative value of the increase / decrease rate (target) Dtarg becomes equal to or less than a predetermined value, the target power for performing “power generation follow-up consumption” When the supply amount Pd is increased and the cumulative value of the increase / decrease rate (target) Dtarg is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the power supply amount Pd may be controlled to decrease.

Subsequently, the operation of the power supply system 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Although FIG. 13 is for explanation, a basic configuration of a screen for monitoring the operation of the power supply system 100 every moment may be used.

FIG. 13 shows the state of control at a certain timing (03:37:30 of xx year xx month xx). The power supply amount Pd0 = 250 MW of the power generation source with a large fluctuation is calculated. The power supply amount Pd at this timing is calculated as Pd = 235.06 MW by the power supply amount calculation means 72.

FIG. 13 shows the contract power consumption source that is the target of control by selecting the contract power consumption source that is within the contract period at that timing and that is the power supply system target activation switch ON in step S1. Has been. In this example, the contract power consumption source is set to three types of contract short-time allowable fluctuation rate Dag from + 10% to ▲ 10%, from + 20% to ▲ 20%, and from + 20% to ▲ 70%. The contract long-term allowable fluctuation rate DLag is set from + 2.0% to -2.0%, from + 2.5% to -2.5%, and from + 3.0% to -3.0%, respectively. Has been. The contract short-time allowable variation rate Dag and the contract long-time allowable variation rate DLag are not limited to three, but may be one, two, four or more, and may be set independently. Note that the contract short-time allowable variation rate Dag and the contract long-time allowable variation rate DLag are both an increase / decrease rate with respect to the rated power amount of each contract power consumption source.

In step S2, the long-term cumulative fluctuation rate DLcum is calculated, and in S3, the long-time allowable fluctuation rate DLlim is calculated. The long-time allowable fluctuation rate DLlim may be set to be always set to the contract long-time allowable fluctuation rate DLag and to be set to a value larger than the contract long-time allowable fluctuation rate DLag during the contract period.

Next, in step S4 or S5, a contract power consumption source to be controlled is selected. The contract power consumption source to be controlled at this timing is indicated by ○.

In step S6, the contract power consumption source rated consumption Pc0, which is the total of the rated power consumption of the contract power consumption sources that are controlled, is calculated. At this timing, the contract power consumption source rated consumption Pc0 = 252.10 MW.

Next, in step S7, contract power consumption source consumption (target) Pc = power supply amount Pd to be consumed by the contract power consumption source to be controlled is set. At this timing, the contract power consumption source consumption (target) Pc = 235.06 MW.

Further, in step S8, the increase / decrease rate (target) Dtarget of the entire contract power consumption target to be controlled is calculated, and at this timing, the increase / decrease rate (target) Dtarget = ▲ 6.76% (93.24%).

Next, in step S9, the instantaneous fluctuation rate D of each contract power consumption source is distributed. In this example, the contract power consumption sources having a large contract short-time allowable fluctuation rate are roughly distributed to the contract power consumption sources, but the contract power consumption sources having the same contract short-time allowable fluctuation rate are uniformly distributed.

In step S10, the distributed instantaneous fluctuation rate D of each contract power consumption source is compared with the respective short-time allowable fluctuation rate Dag. It is limited to the allowable fluctuation rate Dag. At this timing, none of the instantaneous fluctuation rates D exceeds the short-time allowable fluctuation rate Dag, and no limitation is made.

Finally, in step S11, a signal is transmitted to the control unit (for example, control unit 41 to 43) of the corresponding contract power consumption source based on each instantaneous fluctuation rate D, and each contract power consumption source is based on this signal. Gate phase control of magnetic energy regenerative switches (MERS) 31 to 33 connected to (chargers 81 to 83, etc.) is performed, and power supply to each contract power consumption source (chargers 81 to 83, etc.) is controlled. Is called.

In this way, the fluctuation in the amount of power generated by the unstable wind power generators G21 to G23 is effectively absorbed by the power supply system 100 that organically bundles the contract power consumption sources that allow the power fluctuation in various modes. Can do. Thus, according to this power supply system 100, stable power generators G11 and G12 that perform high-quality power generation, wind power generators G21 to G23 that perform low-quality power generation, and power consumption that requires high-quality power supply Even if the power source (computer P) and the low-quality supply power and the sufficient power consumption source (chargers 81 to 83) are connected to the same power system 90, the wind generators G21 to G23 that generate low-quality power The influence of the fluctuation in the amount of power generation can be prevented from reaching the computer P that requires high-quality supply power.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications such as design changes can be added based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art. The form can also be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

The power supply amount with large fluctuations to be supplied to a plurality of contract power consumption sources that allow the instantaneous fluctuation rate of the power supplied from the power grid to the rated short-term allowable fluctuation rate with respect to the rated consumption power of the specified power consumption is a predetermined cycle. Power supply amount calculating means for calculating at distribution timing;
Power supply distribution means for distributing the power supply amount to the plurality of contract power consumption sources at a distribution timing of the predetermined period;
A plurality of load power adjustment switches configured to be connectable to each of the plurality of contract power consumption sources;
Control means connected to each of the plurality of load power adjustment switches, based on a distribution signal from the power supply distribution means, the magnitude of the output voltage of the connected load power adjustment switch and the phase of the current A control means for changing the magnitude of the power supplied to the contract power consumption source connected to the load power adjustment switch by changing the power supply system,
The power supply distribution means is the plurality of contract power consumption sources to which the plurality of load power adjustment switches are connected, respectively, from the power system for the rated power consumption of each of the plurality of contract power consumption sources. The plurality of contract power consumption sources that do not exceed a predetermined long-term allowable fluctuation rate smaller than the predetermined contract short-time allowable fluctuation rate that is a long-term cumulative value of the instantaneous fluctuation rate of the supplied power are selected. Then, the power supply system distributes the power supply amount to each of the selected plurality of contract power consumption sources so that the instantaneous variation rate does not exceed the predetermined contract short-time allowable variation rate.
Each of the plurality of contract power consumption sources is set with any one of a plurality of short-time allowable fluctuation rates as the predetermined contract short-time allowable fluctuation rate, and the power supply distribution means is configured to each of the plurality of contract power consumption sources. 2. The power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the short-time fluctuation rate is distributed so as not to exceed the set predetermined contract short-time allowable fluctuation rate.
Each of the plurality of contract power consumption sources is set with one of a plurality of long-time allowable fluctuation rates as the predetermined long-time allowable fluctuation rate, and the power supply distribution means is configured to set each of the plurality of contract power consumption sources. The range of any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the plurality of contract power consumption sources are selected such that the long-term cumulative fluctuation rate does not exceed the set predetermined long-term allowable fluctuation rate. The power supply system described in 1.
The predetermined long-term allowable fluctuation rate is a predetermined long-term allowable fluctuation rate for each of the contract periods of the plurality of contract power consumption sources. Power supply system.
The predetermined long-term allowable fluctuation rate is set to a predetermined long-term allowable fluctuation rate at the end of the contract period of each of the plurality of contract power consumption sources, and a predetermined contract length in the middle of the contract period. The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the power supply system is set to a value larger than the allowable time variation rate.
The power supply amount is set to the plurality of contract power consumption sources selected at the distribution timing, and the instantaneous variation rate of each of the selected contract power consumption sources is set to the predetermined contract short time. The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the power is distributed uniformly according to an allowable fluctuation rate.
The power supply amount is set to the plurality of contract power consumption sources selected at the distribution timing, and the instantaneous variation rate of each of the selected contract power consumption sources is increased as the rated power consumption increases. The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the power supply system is largely distributed.
The power supply amount calculation means calculates the power supply amount based on outputs from a plurality of power generation amount detection means connected to some or all of a plurality of power generation devices connected to the power grid and having large fluctuations in generated power. The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The instantaneous fluctuation rate of each of the plurality of contract power consumption sources is adjusted such that a change in the instantaneous fluctuation rate in the predetermined period does not exceed a predetermined value. The power supply system according to claim 1.
The load power adjustment switch is connected between a bridge circuit composed of four reverse conducting semiconductor switches and a DC terminal of the bridge circuit, and stores magnetic energy stored in the current at the time of current interruption. A magnetic energy regenerative switch comprising a capacitor, wherein the AC terminal of the bridge circuit is connected to the contract power consumption source and the power system, respectively, and the control means sends a control signal to the gate of each reverse conducting semiconductor switch. The operation of turning on the reverse conducting semiconductor switch of one pair located on the diagonal line and turning off the reverse conducting semiconductor switch of the other pair simultaneously and synchronized with the frequency of the AC power supply of the power system Switching operation for alternately switching between the pair for turning on and the pair for turning off the reverse conducting semiconductor switch. And controlling the load power by changing the gate phase of each of the reverse conducting semiconductor switches and changing the phase of the switching operation with respect to the AC power supply in accordance with a signal from the power supply distribution means. The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the power supply system is a magnetic energy regenerative switch that changes a magnitude of an input voltage and a phase of a current of the switch.
The magnetic energy regenerative switch is connected in parallel to each of the two diodes, and a bridge circuit composed of two reverse conducting semiconductor switches and two diodes facing the reverse conducting semiconductor switches. 11. The power supply system according to claim 10, wherein the power supply system is replaced with a configuration having two magnetic energy storage capacitors connected in series and connected in series.
The magnetic energy regenerative switch connects two reverse conducting semiconductor switches connected in anti-series and two magnetic energy storage capacitors connected in series in parallel, and the two reverse conducting switches 11. The power supply system according to claim 10, wherein the power supply system is replaced with a configuration having a middle point of the type semiconductor switch and a wiring connected to the middle points of the two magnetic energy storage capacitors.
13. The power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of power generation devices having large fluctuations in generated power are at least one of a solar power generation device, a wind power generation device, and a geothermal power generation device. The power supply system described.
Each of the plurality of contract power consumption sources is an electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid vehicle, an electric vehicle such as an electric assist bicycle, an electric refrigerator, an electric freezer, an air conditioner, a washing machine, a water heater, a pump, a compression pump The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the power supply system is at least one of them.