WO2010044772A1 - Pile à combustible à oxyde solide comportant un recyclage de l’échappement anodique - Google Patents

Pile à combustible à oxyde solide comportant un recyclage de l’échappement anodique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010044772A1
WO2010044772A1 PCT/US2008/079816 US2008079816W WO2010044772A1 WO 2010044772 A1 WO2010044772 A1 WO 2010044772A1 US 2008079816 W US2008079816 W US 2008079816W WO 2010044772 A1 WO2010044772 A1 WO 2010044772A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
anode
passage
anode exhaust
flow
reformer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2008/079816
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jifeng Zhang
Handa Xi
Ellen Y. Sun
Prabhudas Kantesaria
John A. Ferro
Paul R. Margiott
Michael F. Short
Original Assignee
Utc Power Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Utc Power Corporation filed Critical Utc Power Corporation
Priority to PCT/US2008/079816 priority Critical patent/WO2010044772A1/fr
Publication of WO2010044772A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010044772A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H01M8/04022Heating by combustion
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04097Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • H01M8/0675Removal of sulfur
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to a solid oxide fuel cell system. More particularly, the disclosure relates to a SOFC system with anode exhaust recycle.
  • SOFC systems typically utilize petroleum-based fuel that is processed by a desulfurizer and a reformer to provide reformate including hydrogen for a fuel cell.
  • a desulfurizer and a reformer to provide reformate including hydrogen for a fuel cell.
  • anode exhaust is recycled for other purposes within the system to improve the overall efficiency of the SOFC system.
  • a heat exchanger is arranged between the desulfurizer and the reformer.
  • the anode exhaust is reintroduced at a mixing node upstream from the heat exchanger. Heat is transferred from a heat distribution network to the anode exhaust and fuel entering the heat exchanger.
  • Other SOFC systems incorporate a recycle blower that circulates the anode exhaust through the system. The recycle blower cannot withstand temperatures at which the anode exhaust exits the fuel cell so that the anode exhaust must be cooled.
  • Another prior art SOFC system includes a combustor that receives the anode exhaust flow for combustion to produce heat that can be transferred to another component of the system, such as the reformer.
  • the heat from the combustor could be more beneficially used elsewhere within in the system.
  • a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system includes an anode exhaust that flows through an anode exhaust recycle passage.
  • the first portion of the anode exhaust flows through a reformate heat exchanger and then the anode recycle blower. This first portion of the anode exhaust flow is referred as the anode exhaust recycle flow.
  • a flow control device regulates the distribution of the anode exhaust recycle flow to a desulfurizer inlet, providing hydrogen to the desulfurizer, and a desulfurized fuel passage that fluidly interconnects the desulfurizer and reformer, providing steam to the reformer.
  • the second portion of the anode exhaust flows to a heat exchanger arranged between a desulfurizer and a reformer to heat desulfurized fuel entering the reformer. This second portion of the anode exhaust is then burnt in a catalytic burner.
  • the burner outlet stream may be mixed with cathode exhaust and used to preheat process air provided to a cathode of the fuel cell.
  • Figure 1 is a highly schematic view of a solid oxide fuel cell system having an anode exhaust recycle arrangement.
  • SOFC solid oxide fuel cell
  • the system 10 includes a fuel cell 12 having an anode 14 and a cathode 16.
  • the anode 14 and the cathode 16 are separated by an electrolyte 18, which is a ceramic in one example.
  • the fuel cell 12 uses fuel from a fuel source 20 and process air from a process air source 24 to produce electricity for a load 19.
  • the fuel source 20 is supplied to the anode 14 by a fuel pump 22.
  • the fuel source 20 is a petroleum-based fuel, such as natural gas.
  • the fuel must be converted to a pre- reformate containing hydrogen that is useable by the anode 14.
  • a desulfurizer 28 receives the fuel and removes sulfur, which would otherwise inhibit desired operation of the fuel cell 12.
  • the desulfurizer 28 is a hydro-desulfurizer (HDS) in one example, where the sulfur contained in the fuel supplied from fuel source 20 is removed by hydrogen through hydrodesulfurization reaction.
  • HDS hydro-desulfurizer
  • HDS has lower maintenance requirements compared to absorbent bed type desulfurizers.
  • the hydrogen required in HDS is supplied from anode exhaust recycle flow.
  • the desulfurizer 28 receives the fuel at a desulfurizer inlet 30 and supplies desulfurized fuel to a desulfurized fuel passage 34 from a desulfurizer outlet 32.
  • the desulfurized fuel passage 34 fluidly interconnects the desulfurizer 28 to a reformer 36.
  • the reformer 36 includes a reformer inlet 38 that receives the desulfurized fuel.
  • the reformer 36 converts the desulfurized fuel to a reformate composition that optimizes the system efficiency.
  • the reformer 36 is a steam reformer.
  • a reformate supply passage 42 fluidly interconnects a reformer outlet 40 to an anode inlet 44.
  • the reformate supplied to the anode 14 chemically reacts with oxygen from the cathode 16 to produce electricity for the load 19.
  • Anode exhaust flow exits an anode outlet 46 to an anode outlet passage 48.
  • the anode exhaust flow contains process water in the form of steam. Typically, the anode exhaust flow exits at approximately 800 0 C.
  • the anode exhaust flow is split into two flows. The first portion is the anode exhaust recycle flow, which travels through a recycle passage 49 and the second portion is the anode exhaust flow, which travels through an exhaust passage 54.
  • a reformate heat exchanger 50 is arranged in the reformate supply passage 42 and the anode exhaust recycle passage 49. As a result, heat from the anode exhaust flow is transferred to the reformate flow prior to entering the anode 14. Raising the temperature of the reformate flow entering the anode 14 to ensure the required fuel cell anode
  • the steam reformer 36 is designed as an adiabatic equilibrium reactor for its simplicity.
  • the conversion ratio depends upon the gas temperature (for example, about 600 0 C) and composition at the reformer inlet 38. Due to the endothermic steam reforming reaction, the reformate temperature (for example, about 500 0 C) in the reformer outlet 40 may be lower than the required fuel cell anode inlet temperature (for example, about 700 0 C).
  • the reformate heat exchanger 50 is sized to raise the reformate temperature in the reformate supply passage 42 to the required temperature at the anode inlet 44.
  • a recycle blower 52 is arranged in the anode exhaust recycle passage 49 to circulate the anode exhaust flow through the system 10.
  • the recycle blower 52 is a varying speed blower wherein the conversion ratio of the reformer and steam to carbon ratio is controlled by the speed of the blower. Transferring heat from the anode exhaust flow to the reformate flow reduces the temperature at the recycle blower 52, which enables current technologically available blowers to be used in the system 10.
  • the anode outlet passage 48 splits into an anode exhaust recycle passage 49 and an anode exhaust passage 54.
  • Anode exhaust flow from the anode exhaust passage 54 flows to a mixing node 58 where the anode exhaust flow may be mixed with or introduced to a cathode exhaust flow. Alternatively, the anode exhaust flow may not be mixed with or introduced to a cathode exhaust flow at mixing node 58.
  • the cathode exhaust is supplied from a cathode outlet 60 through a cathode exhaust passage 62.
  • a reformer heat exchanger 56 is arranged in the desulfurized fuel passage 34. The anode exhaust flows through the reformer heat exchanger 56 and transfers heat to the desulfurized fuel to raise the temperature of the desulfurized fuel flow prior to entering the reformer 36.
  • the mixed flow passes through the reformer heat exchanger 56.
  • the anode exhaust flow contains unused fuel, which should be mixed with portion of cathode exhaust flow upstream of the combustor 64.
  • the combusted mixture from the combustor 64 flows through a combustion flow passage 70 to a mixing node 66.
  • Cathode exhaust flow from the cathode exhaust passage 62 is supplied to the mixing node 66 before entering a capillary tube 68 that supplies the cathode exhaust flow to the mixing node 66 where it intermixes with the combusted mixture.
  • the capillary tube 68 regulates the flow of cathode exhaust between the mixing nodes 58, 66.
  • the combusted mixture and additional cathode exhaust from the mixing node 66 flows through a preheater heat exchanger 72.
  • the preheater heat exchanger 72 is arranged in a cathode supply passage 74 that supplies the process air from the process air source 24 to the cathode 16.
  • the combusted mixture transfers heat to the process air flow to raise its temperature prior to entering the cathode 16, which provides the process air to the cathode at the desired temperature.
  • the combusted mixture from the preheater heat exchanger 72 may be supplied to a steam generator 78.
  • the steam generator may supply the steam to a mixing node 82 through a steam passage 80.
  • the steam may be used to reform the desulfurized fuel.
  • the rest of the combusted mixture is exhausted from the steam generator 78.
  • the steam generator 78 may provide steam to the reformer during start up.
  • Anode exhaust recycle flow from the recycle blower 52 is supplied to at least one of the desulfurizer 28 and the mixing node 82.
  • a desulfurizer bypass passage 84 fluidly interconnects the anode exhaust recycle passage 49 and the desulfurized fuel passage 34.
  • a flow control device 86 such as a valve, is arranged in the desulfurizer bypass passage 84, for example.
  • a controller 88 is in communication with the flow control device 86 and is configured to send a command signal to the flow control device 86 to regulate the flow of anode exhaust between the fuel supply passage 92 and the mixing node 82 in the desulfurized fuel passage 34.
  • the controller 88 may receive signals from temperature sensors or other devices (not shown) to achieve a desired desulfurizer inlet temperature and/or desired reformer inlet temperature by commanding the flow control device 86 to a desired position.
  • the system 10 includes a start-up burner 90 that receives fuel from the fuel source 20 through a fuel valve 94.
  • a process air valve 96 regulates the flow of process air to the start-up burner 90.
  • the start-up burner 90 supplies a combustion flow to the air preheater to warm up the stack and to the steam generator 78 to enable the reformer 36 to produce reformate during a fuel cell start-up procedure.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de pile à combustible à oxyde solide qui comprend un échappement anodique qui circule à travers un passage de recyclage d’échappement anodique. La première partie de l’échappement anodique circule à travers un échangeur thermique à reformat, puis à travers un ventilateur de recyclage anodique (appelée flux de recyclage de l’échappement anodique). Un dispositif de commande de flux régule la distribution du flux de recyclage d’échappement anodique vers un orifice d’admission de désulfurant, fournissant de l’hydrogène au désulfurant, et un passage de combustible désulfurisé qui relie fluidiquement le désulfurant et le reformeur, fournissant de la vapeur au reformeur. La seconde partie de l’échappement anodique circule vers un échangeur thermique disposé entre un désulfurant et un reformeur afin de chauffer le combustible désulfurisé entrant dans le reformeur. Cette seconde partie de l’échappement anodique est alors brûlée dans un brûleur catalytique. Le courant d’évacuation du brûleur peut être mélangé à l’échappement anodique et utilisé pour préchauffer l’air de traitement fourni à une cathode de la pile à combustible.
PCT/US2008/079816 2008-10-14 2008-10-14 Pile à combustible à oxyde solide comportant un recyclage de l’échappement anodique WO2010044772A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2008/079816 WO2010044772A1 (fr) 2008-10-14 2008-10-14 Pile à combustible à oxyde solide comportant un recyclage de l’échappement anodique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2008/079816 WO2010044772A1 (fr) 2008-10-14 2008-10-14 Pile à combustible à oxyde solide comportant un recyclage de l’échappement anodique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010044772A1 true WO2010044772A1 (fr) 2010-04-22

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013178430A1 (fr) 2012-05-29 2013-12-05 Topsøe Fuel Cell A/S Pré-reformage de combustibles contenant du soufre pour produire un gaz de synthèse destiné à être utilisé dans des systèmes de pile à combustible
US8623560B2 (en) 2010-06-04 2014-01-07 Convion Oy Method and arrangement to control the heat balance of fuel cell stacks in a fuel cell system
WO2014179046A1 (fr) * 2013-04-29 2014-11-06 United Technologies Corporation Système de pile à combustible
CN104979570A (zh) * 2015-06-24 2015-10-14 昆山艾可芬能源科技有限公司 一种紧凑型固体氧化物燃料电池系统
EP2939977A4 (fr) * 2012-12-27 2015-12-23 Panasonic Ip Man Co Ltd Dispositif de production d'hydrogène et système de pile à combustible
JP2016012486A (ja) * 2014-06-30 2016-01-21 アイシン精機株式会社 燃料電池システム
EP2940769A4 (fr) * 2012-12-28 2016-08-17 Posco Energy Co Ltd Système de pile à combustible
CN106299410A (zh) * 2016-09-29 2017-01-04 江苏科技大学 一种利用残余燃料自加热的固体氧化物燃料电池发电系统
EP3293803A1 (fr) * 2016-09-13 2018-03-14 General Electric Company Systèmes de piles à combustible intégrés
AT521209A1 (de) * 2018-05-03 2019-11-15 Avl List Gmbh Brennstoffzellensystem, stationäres Kraftwerk sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brennstoffzellensystems
CN112514123A (zh) * 2018-08-23 2021-03-16 Avl李斯特有限公司 燃料电池系统及其运行方法
CN112771701A (zh) * 2018-08-21 2021-05-07 燃料电池能有限公司 防止压力不平衡的燃料电池
US11251443B2 (en) 2015-12-18 2022-02-15 Cummins Enterprise, Llc Fuel cell system, operating method thereof and fuel cell power plant
CN117317320A (zh) * 2023-10-18 2023-12-29 成都岷山绿氢能源有限公司 一种燃料电池系统及燃料电池系统启动方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4098960A (en) * 1976-12-27 1978-07-04 United Technologies Corporation Fuel cell fuel control system
US5302470A (en) * 1989-05-16 1994-04-12 Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. Fuel cell power generation system
US20050181247A1 (en) * 2002-05-21 2005-08-18 Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited Fuel cell system
US7172827B2 (en) * 2001-01-31 2007-02-06 Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co. Fuel cells with integrated humidification and method for humidifying fuel cell process gas
WO2008097798A1 (fr) * 2007-02-05 2008-08-14 Fuelcell Energy, Inc. Système hybride intégré de pile à combustible et de moteur thermique pour la production d'énergie haute efficacité

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4098960A (en) * 1976-12-27 1978-07-04 United Technologies Corporation Fuel cell fuel control system
US5302470A (en) * 1989-05-16 1994-04-12 Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. Fuel cell power generation system
US7172827B2 (en) * 2001-01-31 2007-02-06 Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co. Fuel cells with integrated humidification and method for humidifying fuel cell process gas
US20050181247A1 (en) * 2002-05-21 2005-08-18 Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited Fuel cell system
WO2008097798A1 (fr) * 2007-02-05 2008-08-14 Fuelcell Energy, Inc. Système hybride intégré de pile à combustible et de moteur thermique pour la production d'énergie haute efficacité

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8623560B2 (en) 2010-06-04 2014-01-07 Convion Oy Method and arrangement to control the heat balance of fuel cell stacks in a fuel cell system
WO2013178430A1 (fr) 2012-05-29 2013-12-05 Topsøe Fuel Cell A/S Pré-reformage de combustibles contenant du soufre pour produire un gaz de synthèse destiné à être utilisé dans des systèmes de pile à combustible
EP2939977A4 (fr) * 2012-12-27 2015-12-23 Panasonic Ip Man Co Ltd Dispositif de production d'hydrogène et système de pile à combustible
US9312555B2 (en) 2012-12-27 2016-04-12 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Hydrogen generator and fuel cell system
EP2940769A4 (fr) * 2012-12-28 2016-08-17 Posco Energy Co Ltd Système de pile à combustible
WO2014179046A1 (fr) * 2013-04-29 2014-11-06 United Technologies Corporation Système de pile à combustible
JP2016012486A (ja) * 2014-06-30 2016-01-21 アイシン精機株式会社 燃料電池システム
CN104979570A (zh) * 2015-06-24 2015-10-14 昆山艾可芬能源科技有限公司 一种紧凑型固体氧化物燃料电池系统
US11251443B2 (en) 2015-12-18 2022-02-15 Cummins Enterprise, Llc Fuel cell system, operating method thereof and fuel cell power plant
US11335924B2 (en) 2016-09-13 2022-05-17 Cummins Enterprise Llc Integrated fuel cell systems
EP3293803A1 (fr) * 2016-09-13 2018-03-14 General Electric Company Systèmes de piles à combustible intégrés
US10347924B2 (en) 2016-09-13 2019-07-09 General Electric Company Integrated fuel cell systems
CN106299410B (zh) * 2016-09-29 2019-06-14 江苏科技大学 一种利用残余燃料自加热的固体氧化物燃料电池发电系统
CN106299410A (zh) * 2016-09-29 2017-01-04 江苏科技大学 一种利用残余燃料自加热的固体氧化物燃料电池发电系统
AT521209B1 (de) * 2018-05-03 2020-11-15 Avl List Gmbh Brennstoffzellensystem, stationäres Kraftwerk sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brennstoffzellensystems
AT521209A1 (de) * 2018-05-03 2019-11-15 Avl List Gmbh Brennstoffzellensystem, stationäres Kraftwerk sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brennstoffzellensystems
CN112771701A (zh) * 2018-08-21 2021-05-07 燃料电池能有限公司 防止压力不平衡的燃料电池
CN112771701B (zh) * 2018-08-21 2024-05-14 燃料电池能有限公司 防止压力不平衡的燃料电池
CN112514123A (zh) * 2018-08-23 2021-03-16 Avl李斯特有限公司 燃料电池系统及其运行方法
CN117317320A (zh) * 2023-10-18 2023-12-29 成都岷山绿氢能源有限公司 一种燃料电池系统及燃料电池系统启动方法

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