WO2010040218A1 - Matériaux nanocomposites et procédé de fabrication par nanoprécipitation - Google Patents
Matériaux nanocomposites et procédé de fabrication par nanoprécipitation Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010040218A1 WO2010040218A1 PCT/CA2009/001423 CA2009001423W WO2010040218A1 WO 2010040218 A1 WO2010040218 A1 WO 2010040218A1 CA 2009001423 W CA2009001423 W CA 2009001423W WO 2010040218 A1 WO2010040218 A1 WO 2010040218A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/06—Making microcapsules or microballoons by phase separation
- B01J13/08—Simple coacervation, i.e. addition of highly hydrophilic material
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- the present invention relates, in general, the materials reinforced by nanoparticles.
- the present invention also relates to submicron particles manufactured by dispersing carbon nanotubes in a polymer matrix by nanoprecipitation.
- the nanoparticles generally have a size of at least two dimensions greater than or equal to one nanometer and less than 100 nanometers.
- carbon nanotubes have a tubular shape with a graphene type structure.
- the properties of carbon nanotubes have been extensively described in the past (R. Saito, G. Dresselhaus, MS Dresselhaus, Physical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes, Imperial College Press, London UK 1998, J.-B. Donnet, TK Wang JCM Peng, S. Rebouillat [eds.], Carbon Fibers, Marcel Dekker NY, USA 1998).
- the state of the art lists two main types of carbon nanotubes: single-leaf carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and multi-layer carbon nanotubes (MWNTs).
- the diameter of nanotubes varies from about 0.4 to more than 3 nm for SWNTs and from about 1.4 to more than 100 nm for MWNTs (ZK Tang et al., Science 292, 2462 (2001); Ding, GQ Lu, Yan ZF, MA Wilson, J. Nanosci, Nanotechnol, 1, 7 (2001)).
- Some studies have also demonstrated that the incorporation of carbon nanotubes into plastics makes it possible to improve their mechanical and electrical properties (MJ Biercuk et al, Appl Phys Lett, 80, 2767 (2002), D. Qian , EC Dickey, R. Andrews, T. Randell, Appl Phys Lett, 76, 2868 (2000)).
- nanoparticles An application of the nanoparticles consists of adding them to a polymer matrix as an additive or reinforcing agent. Nevertheless, the transfer of the mechanical and electrical properties of the nanoparticles to the polymer matrices requires a very good dispersion of the nanoparticles. The more homogeneously dispersed the nanoparticles, the better the mechanical properties of the resulting nanocomposite material.
- a method of preparation of nanocomposite materials is the "latex" technology.
- the technique consists first of all in producing a dispersion of nanoparticles in aqueous phase using a surfactant.
- a polymer latex is produced by stabilizing a polymer emulsion, also in aqueous phase, using a surfactant.
- the mixture of these two aqueous phases leads after removal of the solvent by various techniques to obtain a nanocomposite material.
- a nanocomposite material of multiwall carbon nanotubes in poly (styrene-butyl co-acrylate), obtained by a similar process, has been described by Dufresne et al. (A. Dufresne, M. Paillet, JL Putaux, R. Canet, F. Carmona, P. Delhaes, S. Cui, Processing and Characterization of Carbon Nanotube / Poly (styrene-butyl acrylate) Nanocomposites, Journal of Material Science , 37, 3915-3923 (2002)).
- the nanocomposite material obtained had improved mechanical properties compared to the virgin copolymer.
- the first step is to disperse the carbon nanotubes in a polymer solution.
- the preceding mixture is precipitated in a non-solvent of the polymer. Carbon nanotubes are entrained in the precipitation of the polymer.
- micrometric size polymer rods with a high form factor (typically greater than 5).
- the inventors use the tilting of a solubilized polymer in a non-solvent to form spheres of sizes micrometric that they elongate in the form of micrometric rods by controlling the relative viscosities of the two phases and applying a controlled shear rate to the mixture.
- fillers are added to the initially solubilized polymer before tilting and forming the loaded micron rods.
- Nanoprecipitation is a method of preparing particles by a very simple method. This process is already used in the pharmaceutical field to prepare, in the absence of surfactants, principles in the form of a very fine powder powder (less than 0.5 ⁇ m) such as carotenoids or retinoids (US Pat. No. 4,522,743) or still in the field of inks to obtain pigments in similar forms (US Patent 5,624,467). This method has also been applied to obtain, without the use of surfactants, nanoparticles of poly (ethylene oxide-co-lactic acid) (US Pat. No. 5,766,635).
- the solution containing the oil eg a thermoplastic polymer
- the diffusion of water in the organic solvent leads to the supersaturation of the oil and the nucleation of the droplets. Diffused oil in the nearest droplets which has the effect of reducing the supersaturation and ending the nucleation phenomenon.
- the present invention relates to the preparation of nanocomposite materials.
- the present invention relates more particularly to a process for the preparation of submicron particles of thermoplastic polymer encapsulating nanoparticles.
- the present invention relates more particularly to the manufacture of submicron spherical particles of thermoplastic polymer encapsulating nanoparticles according to a process for obtaining a nanocomposite material in the form of a very fine powder in which the nanometric charge is in the non-agglomerated state and very well dispersed.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing submicron polymer particles encapsulating nanoparticles, said particles being obtained by nanoprecipitation, said method comprising dispersing the nanoparticles in a first solvent, said solvent being a non-solvent of the polymer; dissolving the polymer in a second solvent; and inducing said nanoprecipitation by flipping the solution comprising the polymer into the nanoparticle dispersion.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing submicron polymer particles encapsulating nanoparticles, said particles being obtained by nanoprecipitation, said process comprising dispersing the nanoparticles in a first solvent, said solvent being a non-solvent of the polymer; dissolving the polymer in a second solvent; and inducing said nanoprecipitation by flipping the solution comprising the polymer into the nanoparticle dispersion.
- the first solvent and the second solvent are at least partially miscible and the polymer is insoluble in a mixture of the first with the second solvent in the final proportions.
- the present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of submicron particles of polymer encapsulating nanoparticles, said particles being obtained by nanoprecipitation, said process comprising the dispersion of the nanoparticles in a first solvent, said solvent being a non-solvent of the polymer; dissolving the polymer in a second solvent; and inducing said nanoprecipitation by flipping the solution comprising the polymer into the nanoparticle dispersion.
- the dispersion is an aqueous dispersion.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing submicron polymer particles encapsulating nanoparticles, said particles being obtained by nanoprecipitation, said process comprising dispersing the nanoparticles in a first solvent, said solvent being a non-solvent of the polymer; dissolving the polymer in a second solvent; and inducing said nanoprecipitation by flipping the solution comprising the polymer into the nanoparticle dispersion.
- the nanoscale load is in the non-agglomerated state.
- the present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of submicron particles of polymer encapsulating nanoparticles, said particles being obtained by nanoprecipitation, said process comprising the dispersion of the nanoparticles in a first solvent, said solvent being a non-solvent of the polymer; dissolving the polymer in a second solvent; and inducing said nanoprecipitation by flipping the solution comprising the polymer into the dispersion of nanoparticles.
- the polymer is a thermoplastic polymer.
- the present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of submicron particles of polymer encapsulating nanoparticles, said particles being obtained by nanoprecipitation, said process comprising the dispersion of the nanoparticles in a first solvent, said solvent being a non-solvent of the polymer; dissolving the polymer in a second solvent; and inducing said nanoprecipitation by flipping the solution comprising the polymer into the nanoparticle dispersion.
- the nanoparticles constitute carbon nanotubes.
- the present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of submicron particles of polymer encapsulating nanoparticles, said particles being obtained by nanoprecipitation, said process comprising the dispersion of the nanoparticles in a first solvent, said solvent being a non-solvent of the polymer; dissolving the polymer in a second solvent; and inducing said nanoprecipitation by flipping the solution comprising the polymer into the nanoparticle dispersion.
- the first solvent and the second solvent are at least partially miscible and the polymer is insoluble in a mixture of the first with the second solvent in the final proportions.
- the nanoscale load is in the non-agglomerated state.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing submicron polymer particles encapsulating nanoparticles, said particles being obtained by nanoprecipitation, said process comprising dispersing the nanoparticles in a first solvent, said solvent being a non-solvent of the polymer; dissolving the polymer in a second solvent; and inducing said nanoprecipitation by flipping the solution comprising the polymer into the nanoparticle dispersion.
- the first solvent and the second solvent are at least partially miscible and the polymer is insoluble in a mixture of the first with the second solvent in the final proportions.
- the polymer is a thermoplastic polymer.
- the present invention relates to a process for producing submicron polymer particles encapsulating nanoparticles, said particles being obtained by nanoprecipitation, said process comprising dispersing the nanoparticles in a first solvent, said solvent being a non-solvent of the polymer; dissolving the polymer in a second solvent; and inducing said nanoprecipitation by flipping the solution comprising the polymer into the nanoparticle dispersion.
- the first solvent and the second solvent are at least partially miscible and the polymer is insoluble in a mixture of the first with the second solvent in the final proportions.
- the nanoparticles constitute carbon nanotubes.
- the present invention relates to a process for producing submicron polymer particles encapsulating nanoparticles, said particles being obtained by nanoprecipitation, said process comprising dispersing the nanoparticles in a first solvent, said solvent being a non-solvent of the polymer; dissolving the polymer in a second solvent; and inducing said nanoprecipitation by flipping the nanoparticle dispersion into the solution comprising the polymer.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing submicron polymer particles encapsulating nanoparticles, said particles being obtained by nanoprecipitation, said process comprising dispersing the nanoparticles in a first solvent, said solvent being a non-solvent of the polymer; dissolving the polymer in a second solvent; and inducing said nanoprecipitation by flipping the nanoparticle dispersion into the solution comprising the polymer.
- the first solvent and the second solvent are at least partially miscible and the polymer is insoluble in a mixture of the first with the second solvent in the final proportions.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing submicron polymer particles encapsulating nanoparticles, said particles being obtained by nanoprecipitation, said process comprising dispersing the nanoparticles in a first solvent, said solvent being a non-solvent of the polymer; dissolving the polymer in a second solvent; and inducing said nanoprecipitation by flipping the nanoparticle dispersion into the solution comprising the polymer.
- the dispersion is an aqueous dispersion.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing submicron polymer particles encapsulating nanoparticles, said particles being obtained by nanoprecipitation, said method comprising dispersing the nanoparticles in a first solvent, said solvent being a non-solvent of the polymer; dissolving the polymer in a second solvent; and inducing said nanoprecipitation by flipping the nanoparticle dispersion into the solution comprising the polymer.
- the nanoscale load is in the non-agglomerated state.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing submicron polymer particles encapsulating nanoparticles, said particles being obtained by nanoprecipitation, said process comprising dispersing the nanoparticles in a first solvent, said solvent being a non-solvent of the polymer; dissolving the polymer in a second solvent; and inducing said nanoprecipitation by flipping the nanoparticle dispersion into the solution comprising the polymer.
- the polymer is a thermoplastic polymer.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing submicron polymer particles encapsulating nanoparticles, said particles being obtained by nanoprecipitation, said method comprising dispersing the nanoparticles in a first solvent, said solvent being a non-solvent of the polymer; dissolving the polymer in a second solvent; and inducing said nanoprecipitation by flipping the nanoparticle dispersion into the solution comprising the polymer.
- the nanoparticles constitute carbon nanotubes.
- the present invention relates to a method for the manufacture of submicron particles of polymer encapsulating nanoparticles, said particles being obtained by nanoprecipitation, said process comprising the dispersion of the nanoparticles in a first solvent, said solvent being a non-solvent of the polymer; dissolving the polymer in a second solvent; and inducing said nanoprecipitation by flipping the nanoparticle dispersion into the solution comprising the polymer.
- the first solvent and the second solvent are at least partially miscible and the polymer is insoluble in a mixture of the first with the second solvent in the final proportions.
- the nanoscale load is in the non-agglomerated state.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing submicron polymer particles encapsulating nanoparticles, said particles being obtained by nanoprecipitation, said process comprising dispersing the nanoparticles in a first solvent, said solvent being a non-solvent of the polymer; dissolving the polymer in a second solvent; and inducing said nanoprecipitation by flipping the nanoparticle dispersion into the solution comprising the polymer.
- the first solvent and the second solvent are at least partially miscible and the polymer is insoluble in a mixture of the first with the second solvent in the final proportions.
- the polymer is a thermoplastic polymer.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing submicron polymer particles encapsulating nanoparticles, said particles being obtained by nanoprecipitation, said process comprising dispersing the nanoparticles in a first solvent, said solvent being a non-solvent of the polymer; dissolving the polymer in a second solvent; and inducing said nanoprecipitation by flipping the nanoparticle dispersion into the solution comprising the polymer.
- the first solvent and the second solvent are at least partially miscible and the polymer is insoluble in a mixture of the first with the second solvent in the final proportions.
- the nanoparticles constitute carbon nanotubes.
- the method makes it possible to obtain balls of nanocomposite materials, more particularly submicron thermoplastic polymer beads encapsulating carbon nanotubes.
- the method makes it possible to obtain beads of nanocomposite materials encapsulating carbon nanotubes that can be diluted in a polymer matrix.
- the method of manufacturing nanocomposite materials does not require specific equipment such as an extruder or a mechanical mixer.
- Figure 1 is an illustration of a phase diagram for obtaining submicron spherical particles of thermoplastic polymer encapsulating nanoparticles.
- Figure 2 is a photograph obtained by scanning electron microscopy of submicron particles of thermoplastic polymer encapsulating carbon nanotubes obtained by nanoprecipitation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is an illustration of a phase diagram for obtaining submicron particles of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) encapsulating carbon nanotubes.
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- Figure 4 is an illustration of a phase diagram for obtaining submicron particles of PMMA encapsulating carbon nanotubes.
- the initial dispersion of the carbon nanotubes in the aqueous phase before nanoprecipitation is stabilized by sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate.
- Figure 5 is a photograph of an emulsion of PMMA polymethacrylate submicron particles encapsulating carbon nanotubes obtained by nanoprecipitation: (a) before ultra-centrifugation; and (b) after ultracentrifugation.
- FIG. 6 is a photo obtained by transmission electron microscopy of a dispersion of carbon nanotubes in PMMA (1% by mass of nanotubes) obtained by nanoprecipitation according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a photo obtained by transmission electron microscopy of a dispersion of carbon nanotubes in PMMA (1% by mass of nanotubes) obtained by nanoprecipitation according to one embodiment of the present invention, after annealing at 120 ° C for 30 minutes.
- FIG. 8 is a photograph obtained by scanning electron microscopy of a dispersion of carbon nanotubes in PMMA (1% by mass of nanotubes) obtained by nanoprecipitation according to one embodiment of the present invention. After centrifugation, the nanocomposite of PMMA and carbon nanotubes was collected and heated to a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the PMMA to melt the PMMA particles. The microscopic observation of the sample shows a very good dispersion of the carbon nanotubes.
- the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of submicron particles of thermoplastic polymer encapsulating nanoparticles, said submicron particles being obtained by nanoprecipitation.
- the nanoparticles are previously dispersed in a non-solvent of the polymer.
- a polymer solution is then mixed with this dispersion of carbon nanotubes thus enabling their encapsulation by controlled submicron size polymer particles, by controlling various factors such as the initial composition of the polymer solution, the solvent and non-solvent ratios. in the final mixture, the pH as well as the temperature.
- the nanoparticles are carbon nanotubes.
- the resulting encapsulated carbon nanotube dispersion is metastable and the nanocomposite material can be collected in the form of a very fine powder in which the nanometric charge is in the unagglomerated and very well dispersed state.
- the nanocomposite material thus obtained is reprocessible using conventional processing techniques such as extrusion.
- the nanoprecipitation strategy of the present invention has several advantages in comparison with existing ones (such as for example "latex technology” or “coagulation”), such as the very high quality of dispersion. carbon nanotubes obtained, the speed and ease of implementation and the fact of not requiring specific mixing devices.
- the nanoprecipitation takes place under strict thermodynamic and kinetic conditions that require:
- a non-compliance with one or more of the conditions results in a demixing of the polymer or the polymer remains soluble instead of participating in said nanoprecipitation.
- solubility parameters such as Hansen solubility parameters and the corresponding solubility diagram.
- the carbon nanotubes are dispersed in one of the solvents, preferably in the solvent that does not contain the polymer (solvent 1).
- the dispersion of the carbon nanotubes can be carried out by any method known to those skilled in the art.
- the dispersion is achieved by the use of ultrasound and / or the functionalization of carbon nanotubes by physical or chemical interactions (ie by covalent bonds).
- the use of ultrasound makes it possible to isolate the carbon nanotubes by disaggregating the aggregates and bundles of carbon nanotubes.
- the functionalization of carbon nanotubes makes it possible to modify their apparent chemical nature and to make them compatible with organic matrices.
- the ease and quality of the dispersion of the carbon nanotubes in the solvent 1 may be one of the criteria for selecting this solvent because the final quality of the dispersion of the carbon nanotubes in the thermoplastic polymer depends on the quality of the dispersion. initial carbon nanotubes in the non-solvent of the thermoplastic polymer.
- the respective concentrations of carbon nanotubes in the solvent 1 and polymer in the solvent 2 are chosen so as to lead to the desired nanocomposite material.
- thermoplastic polymer in the solvent 2 The addition of a very large fraction of polymer solution (thermoplastic polymer in the solvent 2) has the consequence that, on the one hand, the nanoprecipitation does not take place because the thermoplastic polymer is soluble in the solvent mixture and the Spherical submicron particles of thermoplastic polymer are not obtained and secondly, the dispersion of carbon nanotubes is destabilized.
- the addition of a large fraction of polymer solution (thermoplastic polymer in the solvent 2) results in a system composed of insoluble thermoplastic polymer and a dispersion of destabilized carbon nanotubes.
- thermoplastic polymer solution whose concentration is low makes it possible to obtain the submicron spherical particles of polymer thermoplastic encapsulating nanoparticles.
- thermoplastic encapsulating nanoparticles These different are shown schematically in Figure 1. It appears that obtaining a product consisting mainly of submicron spherical particles of thermoplastic polymer encapsulating nanoparticles can not be done without a good control of the process parameters described in the present invention.
- Each solvent system has a clean phase diagram.
- Such a diagram is constructed by performing several mixing tests by varying the initial polymer concentration in the solvent 2 and the final ratio [m so i V ant i / (m S i + i i i n i n i n i n i n i n i n i n i 2 )] - each test, the resulting system is characterized by visual observation.
- the polymer particles obtained by nanoprecipitation can be characterized by various techniques known to those skilled in the art such as measuring particle sizes by light diffraction or electron microscopy to obtain the particle size and the size distribution of the particles.
- the pH strongly influences the final characteristics of the nanocomposite material (ie the submicron particles of thermoplastic polymer encapsulating the carbon nanotubes).
- the increase in pH makes it possible to reduce the average particle size distribution.
- the nanoprecipitation is accompanied by demixing, it has been observed that the increase in pH makes it possible to stabilize the submicron spherical particles formed.
- the pH of the aqueous dispersion is between 7.0 and 14.0. In another embodiment of the present invention, the pH of the aqueous dispersion is between 9.0 and 12.0.
- the manufacture of the nanocomposite material requires the dispersion of the carbon nanotubes in a first solvent (solvent 1). Dispersion methods are known to those skilled in the art. In one embodiment of the present invention, the concentration of carbon nanotubes is between 0.001 and 5% by weight. In another embodiment of the present invention, the concentration of carbon nanotubes is between 0.1 and 2% by weight.
- the solvent 1 is typically selected from the non-solvents of the thermoplastic polymer. In one embodiment of the present invention, the solvent 1 is water. After dispersing the carbon nanotubes in water, the pH of the aqueous phase is adjusted to be between 7.0 and 14.0. In one embodiment of the present invention, the pH of the aqueous phase is adjusted to be between 9.0 and 13.0.
- thermoplastic polymer is solubilized in a second solvent
- solvent T solvent T
- concentration of thermoplastic polymer in the solvent is between 0.001 and 10% by weight. In another embodiment of the present invention, the concentration of thermoplastic polymer in the solvent is between 0.01 and 2% by weight. In another embodiment of the present invention, the concentration of thermoplastic polymer in the solvent is between 0.01 and 0.2% by weight.
- the thermoplastic polymer - defined by a glass transition temperature greater than 15 ° C - is selected from vinyl polymers such as a polyacrylate, a polymethacrylate, a polymethylmethacrylate, a polyethylacrylate , a polyacrylamide, a polyacrylonitrile, a polyethylene, a polypropylene, a fluorinated polymer, a chlorinated polymer or a polystyrene, or else, among the polymers such as a polycarbonate, a polyester, a polyamide, a polyether ketone, a polyether sulphone, a polyether, a polyphosphate, a polythiophene and their derivatives, or a derivative copolymer thereof.
- vinyl polymers such as a polyacrylate, a polymethacrylate, a polymethylmethacrylate, a polyethylacrylate , a polyacrylamide, a polyacrylonitrile, a polyethylene, a polyprop
- a phase is added in the second without stirring to proceed with the nanoprecipitation and thus obtain submicron spherical particles encapsulating the carbon nanotubes.
- the transfer speed from one phase to another can be slow or fast. In one embodiment of the present invention, the transfer rate is fast because it appears that the dispersion of submicron spherical particles of polymer encapsulating nanoparticles is more stable in the case of rapid switching.
- the volume of the phase containing the polymer is between 1 and
- the volume of the phase containing the polymer is between 20 and 70% of the final volume.
- the solvent 1 (containing the carbon nanotubes) is rocked into the solvent 2 (containing the polymer).
- the evaporation of the solvent 2 (initial solvent of the thermoplastic polymer) of the final system after nanoprecipitation increases the stability of the system, thus from several hours to several days.
- the stability of the emulsion obtained by nanoprecipitation is long enough to allow a reaction, such as, for example, condensation, addition, substitution, an oxidation reaction, a reaction. of reduction, cycloaddition, radical reaction, or photochemical reaction, between the nanoparticles and the thermoplastic polymer leading to a very strong interface between the nanoscale charge and the nanocomposite matrix - key parameter to obtain high performance nanocomposite materials.
- a reaction such as, for example, condensation, addition, substitution, an oxidation reaction, a reaction. of reduction, cycloaddition, radical reaction, or photochemical reaction
- the initial quality of the dispersion of the carbon nanotubes in the solvent 1 has a direct impact on the quality of the dispersion of the carbon nanotubes in the final nanocomposite material.
- the nanoprecipitation has the effect of "freezing" the initial dispersion of the carbon nanotubes by encapsulating them in the thermoplastic polymer. This is of great interest because it is known to those skilled in the art that it is easier to finely disperse the carbon nanotubes in a solvent than in a thermoplastic polymer.
- the inventors have observed that the solution adopted to obtain the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in the solvent 1 can influence the phase diagram. This is the case if the carbon nanotubes are functionalized by physical interactions.
- the inventors have experimentally deduced the phase diagrams obtained by nanoprecipitation of carbon nanotubes and of PMMA with, in a first case, a stabilization of the carbon nanotubes in the solvent 1 by sodium cholate and in a second case, a stabilization of the carbon nanotubes in the solvent 1 with sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate salt ( Figures 2 and 3).
- thermoplastic polymer encapsulating carbon nanotubes It appears that the window for obtaining submicron particles of thermoplastic polymer encapsulating carbon nanotubes is wider when the carbon nanotubes are initially stabilized by sodium cholate than when they are initially stabilized by sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate.
- the nanocomposite material can be collected by the means known to those skilled in the art to destabilize an emulsion, such as ultracentrifugation ( Figure 5).
- the quality of the final dispersion of the carbon nanotubes in the nanocomposite material can be evaluated by means known to those skilled in the art, such as electron microscopy (eg Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) ( Figure 6).
- electron microscopy eg Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) ( Figure 6).
- the nanocomposite materials of the present invention are processible without significant degradation of the quality of the dispersion of carbon nanotubes.
- a nanocomposite material having been annealed at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes shows a quality of dispersion equivalent to that obtained before annealing (FIG. 7). This property allows the use of the nanocomposite materials of the present invention as "masterbatch" to be diluted in different matrices by conventional shaping means such as extrusion.
- An aqueous dispersion of carbon nanotubes is obtained by intensive sonication of 2 mg of carbon nanotubes in 100 ml of water; a final concentration of 0.002% by weight is obtained.
- the pH of the aqueous phase was adjusted to 10 with sodium hydroxide.
- An aqueous dispersion of carbon nanotubes is obtained by its intensive cation of 2 mg of carbon nanotubes in 100 ml of water in the presence of 4 mg of sodium cholate; a final concentration of 0.002% by weight is obtained.
- the pH of the aqueous phase was adjusted to 10 with sodium hydroxide.
- An aqueous dispersion of carbon nanotubes is obtained by intensive sonication of 2 mg of carbon nanotubes in 100 ml of water in the presence of 4 mg of sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate; a final concentration of 0.002% by weight is obtained.
- the pH of the aqueous phase was adjusted to 10 with sodium hydroxide.
- An aqueous dispersion of carbon nanotubes is obtained by intensive sonication of 0.9 mg of carbon nanotubes in 100 ml of water in the presence of 1.8 mg of sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate; a final concentration of 0.0009% by weight is obtained.
- the pH of the aqueous phase was adjusted to 10 with sodium hydroxide.
- An aqueous dispersion of carbon nanotubes is obtained by intensive sonication of 10 mg of carbon nanotubes in 100 ml of water in the presence of 20 mg of sodium cholate; a final concentration of 0.01% by weight is obtained.
- the pH of the aqueous phase was adjusted to 10 with sodium hydroxide.
- 11.25 ml of the PMMA solution is rapidly swung into 1 ml of aqueous dispersion to obtain a final concentration of submicron PMMA spherical particles of 0.0% by weight.
- PMMA remained soluble and the formation of submicron spherical particles was not observed.
- the dispersion of carbon nanotubes has been destabilized.
- An aqueous dispersion of carbon nanotubes is obtained by intensive sonication of 2 mg of carbon nanotubes in 100 ml of water in the presence of 4 mg of sodium cholate; a final concentration of 0.002% by weight is obtained.
- the pH of the aqueous phase was adjusted to 10 with sodium hydroxide.
- An aqueous dispersion of carbon nanotubes is obtained by intensive sonication of 4 mg of carbon nanotubes in 100 ml of water in the presence of 12 mg of sodium cholate; a final concentration of 0.004% by weight is obtained.
- the pH of the aqueous phase was adjusted to 10 with sodium hydroxide.
- aqueous dispersion of carbon nanotubes is obtained by intensive sonication of 2 mg of carbon nanotubes in 100 ml of water in the presence of 4 mg of sodium cholate; a final concentration of 0.002% by weight is obtained.
- the pH of the aqueous phase was adjusted to 10 with sodium hydroxide.
- a dispersion of carbon nanotubes is obtained by intensive sonication of 2 mg of carbon nanotubes in 127 ml of ethanol; a final concentration of 0.002% by weight is obtained.
- An aqueous dispersion of carbon nanotubes is obtained by intensive sonication of 2 mg of carbon nanotubes in 100 ml of water in the presence of 4 mg of sodium cholate; a final concentration of 0.002% by weight is obtained.
- the pH of the aqueous phase was adjusted to 9 with sodium hydroxide.
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CA2739908A CA2739908A1 (fr) | 2008-10-07 | 2009-10-07 | Materiaux nanocomposites et procede de fabrication par nanoprecipitation |
EP09818716A EP2344572A4 (fr) | 2008-10-07 | 2009-10-07 | Matériaux nanocomposites et procédé de fabrication par nanoprécipitation |
JP2011530336A JP5875866B2 (ja) | 2008-10-07 | 2009-10-07 | ナノ複合材料およびナノ沈殿により該ナノ複合材料を作製するための方法 |
US13/122,922 US20110275740A1 (en) | 2008-10-07 | 2009-10-07 | Nanocomposite Materials and Method of Making Same by Nano-Precipitation |
CN200980148894.6A CN102245682B (zh) | 2008-10-07 | 2009-10-07 | 纳米复合材料和通过纳米沉淀制备该纳米复合材料的方法 |
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FR0856795A FR2936722B1 (fr) | 2008-10-07 | 2008-10-07 | Materiaux nanocomposites et procede de fabrication par nanoprecipitation. |
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US5766635A (en) * | 1991-06-28 | 1998-06-16 | Rhone-Poulenc Rorer S.A. | Process for preparing nanoparticles |
US6309569B1 (en) * | 1998-05-13 | 2001-10-30 | Microbiological Research Authority | Encapsulation of bioactive agents |
WO2006007393A1 (fr) * | 2004-06-16 | 2006-01-19 | North Carolina State University | Procede de preparation de microtiges par dispersion liquide-liquide |
US20060036018A1 (en) * | 2003-10-30 | 2006-02-16 | Winey Karen I | Dispersion method |
WO2008116261A1 (fr) * | 2007-03-27 | 2008-10-02 | The University Of Queensland | Production de particules |
Family Cites Families (9)
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FR2678178A1 (fr) * | 1991-06-28 | 1992-12-31 | Rhone Poulenc Rorer Sa | Procede de preparation de nanoparticules. |
KR960030149A (ko) * | 1995-01-28 | 1996-08-17 | 김광호 | 유기광기록매체 |
US7148269B2 (en) * | 2002-03-11 | 2006-12-12 | Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Interfacial polymer incorporation of nanotubes |
US7537803B2 (en) * | 2003-04-08 | 2009-05-26 | New Jersey Institute Of Technology | Polymer coating/encapsulation of nanoparticles using a supercritical antisolvent process |
FR2891402B1 (fr) * | 2005-09-29 | 2010-03-26 | Univ Toulouse | Solution dispersee de materiaux carbones pour la fabrication de collecteurs de courant. |
WO2008054874A2 (fr) * | 2006-05-12 | 2008-05-08 | Brown University | Particules présentant une charge uniforme élevée de nanoparticules et procédés de préparation de celles-ci |
US8030376B2 (en) * | 2006-07-12 | 2011-10-04 | Minusnine Technologies, Inc. | Processes for dispersing substances and preparing composite materials |
GB0617480D0 (en) * | 2006-09-06 | 2006-10-18 | Univ Sheffield | Novel nanoparticles |
GB0618033D0 (en) * | 2006-09-13 | 2006-10-25 | Univ Nottingham | Electrochemical synthesis of composites |
-
2008
- 2008-10-07 FR FR0856795A patent/FR2936722B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2009
- 2009-10-07 CN CN200980148894.6A patent/CN102245682B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-10-07 CA CA2739908A patent/CA2739908A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2009-10-07 WO PCT/CA2009/001423 patent/WO2010040218A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2009-10-07 EP EP09818716A patent/EP2344572A4/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-10-07 US US13/122,922 patent/US20110275740A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CA2090004A1 (fr) * | 1991-06-24 | 1992-12-25 | Jean-Luc Morancais | Procede de preparation de particules submicroniques en presence de vesicules lipidiques et compositions correspondantes |
US5766635A (en) * | 1991-06-28 | 1998-06-16 | Rhone-Poulenc Rorer S.A. | Process for preparing nanoparticles |
US6309569B1 (en) * | 1998-05-13 | 2001-10-30 | Microbiological Research Authority | Encapsulation of bioactive agents |
US20060036018A1 (en) * | 2003-10-30 | 2006-02-16 | Winey Karen I | Dispersion method |
WO2006007393A1 (fr) * | 2004-06-16 | 2006-01-19 | North Carolina State University | Procede de preparation de microtiges par dispersion liquide-liquide |
WO2008116261A1 (fr) * | 2007-03-27 | 2008-10-02 | The University Of Queensland | Production de particules |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP2344572A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2344572A4 (fr) | 2012-05-30 |
FR2936722B1 (fr) | 2013-11-22 |
CN102245682B (zh) | 2016-03-16 |
JP5875866B2 (ja) | 2016-03-02 |
EP2344572A1 (fr) | 2011-07-20 |
FR2936722A1 (fr) | 2010-04-09 |
CA2739908A1 (fr) | 2010-04-15 |
JP2012505268A (ja) | 2012-03-01 |
US20110275740A1 (en) | 2011-11-10 |
CN102245682A (zh) | 2011-11-16 |
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