WO2010037268A1 - 一种垃圾处理方法及其综合利用 - Google Patents

一种垃圾处理方法及其综合利用 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2010037268A1
WO2010037268A1 PCT/CN2009/001090 CN2009001090W WO2010037268A1 WO 2010037268 A1 WO2010037268 A1 WO 2010037268A1 CN 2009001090 W CN2009001090 W CN 2009001090W WO 2010037268 A1 WO2010037268 A1 WO 2010037268A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
garbage
incinerator
gas
carbon dioxide
dry
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2009/001090
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
袁永扬
Original Assignee
Yuan Yongyang
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yuan Yongyang filed Critical Yuan Yongyang
Publication of WO2010037268A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010037268A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/006—General arrangement of incineration plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/50208—Biologic treatment before burning, e.g. biogas generation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/20—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/50—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
    • F23J2900/15061—Deep cooling or freezing of flue gas rich of CO2 to deliver CO2-free emissions, or to deliver liquid CO2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
    • F23L2900/07005—Injecting pure oxygen or oxygen enriched air
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of garbage disposal, in particular to a garbage disposal method and comprehensive utilization thereof. Background technique
  • Garbage includes domestic garbage and industrial waste.
  • Domestic waste includes domestic household waste, domestic waste cleaned in urban streets, domestic waste in urban catering industry, sludge from urban domestic wastewater treatment plant, and urban river cleanup. Sludge, urban residents' droppings, used tires, etc.
  • the "three-way" treatment of waste garbage refers to reduction, harmlessness, and waste recycling.
  • the incineration technology is used to send waste into the incinerator. By incinerating the oxidation reaction, the organic carbon in the waste is converted into C0 2 , and the hydrogen is converted into H 2 0, making the waste into a valuable product and killing it at high temperatures. Dead viruses and bacteria are treated to reduce, harmless and waste resources.
  • landfill and incineration there are two types of waste disposal methods: landfill and incineration.
  • landfills In the existing landfills, about 50% of the landfills are simple landfills, which cannot be covered in time. They do not have complete garbage leachate collection, drainage and treatment facilities, and they are not perfect. Landfill gas drainage and treatment facilities, especially leachate from landfills, have resulted in serious pollution of water resources and environmental soils due to the lack of necessary collection and centralized purification.
  • landfill energy has become a reality.
  • all waste incineration power plants only use the heat generated by waste combustion, and the discharge or resource utilization of secondary pollutants in the waste incineration process remains unresolved.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a garbage disposal method and a comprehensive utilization thereof, which adopts a high-temperature waste incineration technology to greatly reduce the dioxin in the flue gas generated in the incinerator, and the co 2 gas.
  • the concentration is greatly increased, so that the CO 2 in the recovered flue gas has industrial recycling value; the heat energy, flue gas and ash generated during the high-temperature incineration of the waste can be generated to generate electricity C0 2 and rubber powder after being treated.
  • Valuable products such as building materials, organic compound fertilizers, adsorbents and metal slags, achieving waste incineration without emissions, pollution, and waste.
  • the technical solution proposed by the present invention is as follows: A garbage disposal method, the garbage is sent to a biochemical treatment tank for biochemical treatment, and the generated biogas ignites the dry garbage, and the garbage dried by the waste heat of the flue gas is sent into the incinerator.
  • Incineration heat of waste incineration heats the boiler, generates steam to drive the generator set to generate electricity, and the flue gas generated by the incinerator burning waste is discharged by desulfurization, and the ash generated by the incinerator is collected and treated, and the biogas generated by the biochemical treatment tank is introduced into the incinerator Ignition of dry garbage; an air separation device is provided, which produces pure oxygen, liquid nitrogen and liquid argon, wherein pure oxygen is introduced into the incinerator, and is combusted by waste combustion, and the incineration temperature range is 1200 1500 ° C; the desulfurized flue gas is purified to obtain carbon dioxide gas, and the non-condensable gas generated during the compression liquefaction of the carbon dioxide gas is mixed with the pure oxygen to become oxygen-rich into the incinerator.
  • the purified carbon dioxide gas is compressed and converted into liquid carbon dioxide, and then decompressed under reduced pressure to obtain dry ice.
  • the ash from the incineration in the incinerator is magnetized to separate the metal slag and the sand lime slag, and the metal slag is returned to the steelmaking furnace for reuse, and the sand lime slag is added with an adhesive to form a floor tile.
  • the waste tire is removed from the steel wire and the fiber, and the liquid nitrogen sent from the air separation device is added to freeze-break the rubber powder, and then the solid sulfur obtained from the flue gas desulfurization process is added to the rubber powder, and the rubber product is obtained by vulcanization.
  • An organic compound fertilizer is prepared by adding fecal matter and light ash in the sand lime residue to the biochemically treated sludge in the biochemical treatment tank.
  • the present invention has the following remarkable effects:
  • the oxygen-enriched combustion method is adopted in the waste incinerator, at the same time, the anaerobic fermentation waste is used to generate biogas to assist the garbage combustion, so that the incineration temperature in the furnace reaches 1200'C - 1 500 °C, on the one hand, due to oxygen enrichment In the combustion, the concentration of C0 2 in the flue gas generated by the incinerator is four times higher than that in the original air-assisted combustion.
  • the flue gas with oxygen-enriched combustion has industrial recycling value, and at the same time, since the temperature in the incinerator reaches 1200 ° C or higher, this It is conducive to the complete combustion of the garbage in the furnace, which can greatly reduce the production of toxic gases such as dioxins and sulfides and nitrogen oxides.
  • High-concentration carbon dioxide can be obtained by the waste treatment method, which is stored by liquid pressure of a compressor and pressurized by a liquefier to form liquid carbon dioxide, or liquid nitrogen dioxide is decompressed and expanded to make dry ice; liquid nitrogen supplied by an air separation device
  • the waste tire is crushed into ultra-low temperature and made into rubber powder, and then the solid sulfur obtained from the flue gas desulfurization is added to vulcanize the rubber powder into a rubber product; the ash of the incinerator is separated into sand lime, metal slag and light ash.
  • the desulfurization slag left by the desulfurization agent is added to the desulfurization slag left by the flue gas to form a building brick; the metal slag is sent to the steel plant for recycling, and the light ash can be made into an adsorbent, and can also be added into the feces and the garbage.
  • the sludge is sent to a biochemical treatment tank for biochemical treatment and is made into an organic compound fertilizer. Realize the waste incineration treatment to achieve zero emissions, no pollution, and waste resources.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a process flow of a garbage disposal method and a comprehensive utilization thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • the present invention provides a garbage disposal method and comprehensive utilization of flue gas, heat, ash and the like generated in the garbage disposal process to realize zero discharge, no pollution, and waste resource utilization of waste treatment.
  • the garbage disposal method of the present invention is as follows: the garbage is sent to the biochemical treatment tank, and after 3-7 days of biochemical treatment, biogas is generated, and the remaining garbage is dried by the residual heat of the flue gas and sent to the incinerator, and the biogas generated by the biochemical treatment pool is introduced.
  • the incinerator ignites the dry garbage, and the pure oxygen generated from the air separation unit is put into the incinerator to help the waste incineration.
  • the temperature in the incinerator is 1200 ⁇ to 1500 ° C, or 1200 ° C. — 1350 ° C
  • the garbage produces high concentration of C 2 2 flue gas during the combustion process of pure oxygen combustion, while the highly toxic gas dioxins are greatly reduced.
  • the flue gas generally contains sulfides, nitrogen oxides, water vapor and other impurities.
  • Baidu waste heat using the waste heat of the flue gas to dry the waste in front of the incinerator, so that the waste heat of the flue gas is reduced to less than one hundred degrees, and then the flue gas is pre-cooled to separate the steam, and the dry flue gas is sent to the desulfurization.
  • the incinerator continuously generates ash and a large amount of heat energy during the garbage combustion process. These heat energy is generated by the steam generated by the boiler to drive the steam turbine unit to generate electricity, and the electric energy and the waste heat steam after power generation Equipment such as air separation unit and C0 2 production unit are supplied with heat (drying), and if they have sufficient electricity and heat after self-use, they can be sold externally. The energy consumption of the entire system is generated from the carbon source of the waste.
  • the purified C0 2 is pressurized to 4.0Mpa by the oil-free lubricating compressor, and then the gaseous C0 2 is changed to the liquid C0 2 by the refrigerating device liquefier, and after passing through the liquefier (liquefaction temperature is about -40 ° C) the non-condensable gas, by flash crystallization method allows non-condensable gas separated from the liquid C0 2, pure liquid C0 2 C0 2 stored in the cryogenic liquid storage tank as a product. It is also possible to decompose the liquid C0 2 under reduced pressure to obtain thousands of ice.
  • the non-condensable gas is mixed with pure oxygen to become an oxygen-rich gas and then enters the incinerator. All flue gases from the waste treatment system will not be discharged outside the treatment system.
  • the generated smoke emission is 6.48 million m 3 /day, causing serious pollution to the atmospheric environment; when using the technical scheme of the present invention, the liquid C0 2 can be recovered.
  • the amount is 230 tons / day, and no exhaust gas is discharged to the atmosphere.
  • the water consumption for freezing aquatic products is 260kwh/ton
  • the amount of dry ice for freezing aquatic products is 550kg/ton.
  • the electricity consumption is 54600kwh, which saves electricity in years. : 1992.9 million kwh / year.
  • Ash generated by waste incineration process using magnetization and beneficiation technology to separate sand lime residue, metal slag and light slag (ash powder), sand lime residue (can also be added to the desulfurization slag produced by flue gas desulfurization)
  • Mixtures and other materials are used to make building tiles; metal slag can be recycled to steelmaking; nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and feces in light ash are mixed and biochemically treated, and effective fertilizer is added to make organic compound fertilizer, and the residue in light slag Made into an adsorbent or adsorbent carrier.
  • the air separation device mainly supplies pure oxygen, pure nitrogen and pure argon.
  • the pure oxygen is mainly used for waste incineration combustion and provides oxygen source for producing ozone water.
  • the excess liquid is liquefied and exported to liquid oxygen; pure nitrogen full liquefaction is mainly used for waste.
  • the tire is ultra-low temperature frozen and crushed to form rubber powder, which becomes a rubber product material, and the rubber powder is vulcanized into a rubber product by using solid sulfur generated by flue gas desulfurization.
  • the power generation per ton of garbage is about 300kw/T
  • the oxygen consumption per ton of garbage is 270kg/T
  • the electricity consumption for producing 270kg of oxygen is 120kw.
  • the amount of C0 2 produced per ton of waste is 290 kg/T
  • the production of liquefied 290 kg C0 2 requires 75.4 kW.
  • the energy balance of the waste incineration process is that the production capacity is greater than the energy consumption.
  • the garbage can be turned into a fully usable resource, and the waste incineration treatment can be realized with zero discharge, no pollution, no waste, and achieve the effect of no pollution and increase income.

Description

一种垃圾处理方法及其综合利用 技术领域
本发明涉及垃圾处理技术领域， 特别涉及一种垃圾处理方法及其综合利用。 背景技术
垃圾包括生活垃圾和工业垃圾两种， 其中生活垃圾包括城镇居民的生活废弃物， 城镇 街道清扫的生活废弃物， 城镇餐饮业的生活废弃物， 城镇生活废水处理厂的污泥， 城镇河 涌清理的污泥， 城镇居民粪便， 废旧轮胎等。 废弃垃圾"三化"处理是指减量化、 无害化、 废物资源化。 应用焚烧技术将废弃垃圾送入焚烧炉中， 通过焚烧氧化反应， 把垃圾中的有 机碳转化为 C02， 氢转化为 H20， 使废弃垃圾变为有价值的产品， 并在高温下杀死病毒和 细菌， 实现减量化、 无害化和废物资源化的处理。
目前， 对废弃垃圾的处理方式主要有填埋和焚烧发电两种。 现有的垃圾填埋场中， 约 有 50%以上的填埋场为简易填埋场， 不能做到及时覆盖， 不具备完善的垃圾渗沥液收集、 排导和处理设施， 也没有完善的填埋气体排导和处理设施， 特别是填埋场的渗沥液， 由于 没有必要的收集和集中的净化处理， 己导致水资源和环境土壤的严重污染。 由于城市垃圾 的热值在不断提高， 垃圾的能源化利用己成为现实。但所有垃圾焚烧发电厂都只是利用了 垃圾燃烧所产生的热能， 对垃圾焚烧过程中二次污染物的排放或资源化利用仍未解决。
现有垃圾焚烧炉都是采用辅助燃料一柴油或煤， 加上空气助燃， 炉内燃烧温度只有
800— 1000 °C , 炉内垃圾有机物难以完全燃烧， 因为炉内燃烧温度低于 1200°C， 造成炉内 垃圾有机物不完全燃烧时就容易产生二恶英有毒有害气体， 严重地污染环境。烟气中所含 剧毒的二恶英很难彻底处理干净， 二恶英不但污染空气， 还会通过积累污染水源和植物， 食用受污染的水产品或果疏会影响人体健康。 由于釆用空气助燃， 空气中只有 21%的氧参 与燃烧反应， 其余 79%的空气并没有作用， 反而带走大量的热能， 增加能源耗损， 降低热 效率， 而且空气的氮参加燃烧产生大量氮氧化物排放， 污染环境并容易造成酸雨。 此外， 由于空气中只有氧参与燃烧反应转化为 C02， 故烟气中 C02浓度较低， 难以工业化方法回 收利用或者说无回收利用价值。 发明内容 本发明的目的在于提供一种垃圾处理方法及其综合利用， 它采用垃圾高温焚烧技术， 使焚烧炉内产生的烟气中的剧毒气体二恶英能大为减少， 而 co2气体浓度却大为增加， 从 而回收烟气中的 C02具有工业化回收价值;垃圾高温焚烧过程中产生的热能、烟气和灰渣， 经处理后， 可发电、 可生产出液体 C02、 橡胶粉、 建筑材料、 有机复合肥、 吸附剂及金属 渣等有价值的产品， 实现垃圾焚烧处理无排放、 无污染、 无废物。
本发明所提出的技术解决方案是这样的： 一种垃圾处理方法， 将垃圾送入生化处理池 进行生化处理， 产生的沼气引燃干燥的垃圾， 经烟气余热干燥的垃圾送入焚烧炉内焚烧， 垃圾焚烧的热量加热锅炉， 产生蒸汽驱动发电机组发电， 焚烧炉焚烧垃圾产生的烟气经脱 硫排出， 焚烧炉产生的灰渣收集处理， 所述生化处理池产生的沼气通入焚烧炉内引燃干燥 的垃圾； 设有空气分离装置， 该空气分离装置产生纯氧、 液态氮和液态氩， 其中的纯氧通 入所述焚烧炉内， 对垃圾助燃焚烧， 炉内焚烧温度范围为 1200— 1500°C ; 所述脱硫后的烟 气经净化后获得二氧化碳气体，在对二氧化碳气体进行压缩液化过程中产生的不凝气体与 所述纯氧混合后成为富氧进入焚烧炉。
将净化后的二氧化碳气体压缩液化变为液态二氧化碳， 再经减压膨胀制得干冰。将所 述焚烧炉内焚烧后的灰渣磁化分离出金属渣和沙石灰渣， 金属渣回炼钢炉再用， 沙石灰渣 添加粘胶剂混合后制成地砖。将废旧轮胎去除钢丝和纤维后加入从空气分离装置送来的液 氮进行冷冻破碎制得橡胶粉， 然后在橡胶粉中加入从烟气脱硫程序中获得的固体硫， 经硫 化处理制成橡胶制品。在所述生化处理池内经生化处理的污泥中加入粪便和所述沙石灰渣 中的轻质灰， 制得有机复合肥。
与现有技术相比， 本发明具有如下显著效果：
( 1 ) 由于垃圾焚烧炉内采用了富氧助燃方法， 同时， 也利用厌氧发酵垃圾产生沼气 辅助垃圾燃烧， 使炉内焚烧温度达 1200'C— 1 500°C， 一方面， 因富氧助燃， 焚烧炉产生 的烟气中 C02浓度比原来由空气助燃时提高了四倍，因而采用富氧助燃的烟气具有工业化 回收价值， 同时， 由于焚烧炉内温度达到 1200°C以上， 这有利于炉内垃圾的完全燃烧， 能 大大减少剧毒气体二恶英和硫化物、 氮氧化物的产生。
(2 ) 采用本垃圾处理方法可以获得高浓度的二氧化碳， 经压缩机增压和液化器低温 液化成液态二氧化碳贮存使用， 或将液态二氧化碳减压膨胀制成干冰； 利用空气分离装置 供给的液氮使废旧轮胎被超低温冷冻破碎制成橡胶粉，再加入从烟气脱硫获得的固体硫将 橡胶粉硫化处理制成橡胶制品； 将焚烧炉的灰渣分离出沙石灰、 金属渣、 轻质灰， 沙石灰 和经脱硫剂对烟气脱硫留下的脱硫渣一起加入粘胶剂混合后制成建筑地砖；金属渣送去钢 铁厂回炉， 轻质灰可以制成吸附剂， 亦可以加入粪便中与垃圾中的污泥一起送入生化处理 池进行生化处理， 并制成有机复合肥。 真正实现了垃圾焚烧处理达到零排放、 无污染、 废 物资源化。 附图说明
图 1是本发明一个实施例的垃圾处理方法及其综合利用的工艺流程示意图。 具体实施方式
通过下面实施例对本发明作进一步详细阐述。
参见图 1 所示， 本发明是提供一种垃圾处理方法以及在垃圾处理过程中所产生的烟 气、 热量、 灰渣等物质进行综合利用， 实现垃圾处理的零排放、 无污染、 废物资源化的目 的。 本发明的垃圾处理方法是这样的： 垃圾送入生化处理池， 经过 3— 7天生化处理， 产 生沼气， 其余垃圾利用烟气余热干燥后送入焚烧炉内， 生化处理池产生的沼气通入焚烧炉 内引燃干燥的垃圾， 从空气分离装置产生的纯氧通入焚烧炉助燃垃圾焚烧， 由于釆用纯氧 焚烧， 故焚烧炉内温度达 1200Ό— 1500°C , 也可为 1200°C— 1350°C， 垃圾在纯氧助燃的 燃烧过程中产生高浓度 C02烟气，而剧毒气体二恶英却大为减少，烟气中一般含有硫化物、 氮氧化物、 水蒸汽等杂质和几百度的余热， 利用烟气的余热干燥入焚烧炉前的垃圾， 使烟 气的余热降至一百多度以下， 再把烟气预冷分离水蒸汽， 将干燥的烟气送到脱硫装置用脱 硫剂将烟气中的硫化物分离， 再经过活性碳等吸附剂净化烟气中的 C02, 在对二氧化碳气 体进行压缩液化过程中产生的不凝气体与所述纯氧混合后成为富氧进入焚烧炉，焚烧炉在 垃圾燃烧过程中还不断产生灰渣和大量的热能，这些热能通过锅炉产生蒸汽驱动汽轮机组 发电而变为电能，这些电能和发电后的余热蒸汽向空气分离装置及 C02生产装置等设备供 电供热（干燥） ， 在满足自用后如有富余的电和热， 则可以对外销售。 整个系统的能耗从 垃圾的碳源中产生。
按本方法处理垃圾过程中产生的烟气、 灰渣的综合利用情况是这样的：
( 1 )净化后的 C02通过无油润滑压缩机增压至 4.0Mpa压力，然后经制冷装置液化器 使气态 C02变为液态 C02， 经过液化器 （液化温度约 -40°C ) 后的不凝气体， 采用闪晶方 法使不凝气体与液态 C02分离， 纯净的液态 C02贮存在低温液体 C02贮槽作为产品贮存。 也可以将液态 C02减压膨胀制得千冰。 不凝气体与纯氧混合成为富氧气体再进入焚烧炉， 使本垃圾处理系统所有烟气不会向处理系统外排出。
以日处理 500吨垃圾为例， 采用现有技术时， 所产生的烟气排放量为 648万 m3/天， 对大气环境造成严重污染； 当采用本发明技术方案时， 能回收液体 C02量为 230吨 /天， 且无废气向大气排出。 在水产冷冻技术里， 水产品冷冻所耗电量为 260kwh/吨， 水产品冷 冻所耗干冰量为 550kg/吨。将液体 C02变换成干冰， 则每天可制得干冰 115吨， 可冷冻水 产品 210吨， 如采用氨机制冷设备冷冻 210吨水产品， 则需耗电 54600kwh， 以年计算， 则可节省电量： 1992.9万 kwh/年。
(2) 垃圾焚烧过程产生的灰渣， 采用磁化和选矿技术分离出沙石灰渣、 金属渣和轻 质渣 （灰粉） ， 沙石灰渣 （也可加入烟气脱硫产生的脱硫渣）混合粘合剂等材料制成建筑 地砖； 金属渣可以回炉炼钢； 轻质灰中的氮、 磷、 钾与粪便一起混合生化处理后添加有效 肥素制成有机复合肥， 轻质渣中的剩余物制成吸附剂或吸附剂载体。
( 3 ) 空气分离装置主要提供纯氧、 纯氮和纯氩， 纯氧主要用于垃圾焚烧助燃及为生 产臭氧水提供氧源， 富余量液化后外销液氧； 纯氮全液化主要应用于废旧轮胎超低温冷冻 破碎制成橡胶粉， 成为橡胶制品材料， 利用烟气脱硫产生的固体硫将橡胶粉硫化处理制成 橡胶制品。
(4)焚烧每吨垃圾的发电量约 300kw/T， 焚烧每吨垃圾的耗氧量为 270kg/T， 而制造 270kg的氧需要耗电量为 120kw。 另外， 焚烧每吨垃圾产生的 C02量为 290kg/T， 而生产 液化 290kg C02需要耗电量为 75.4kw。 垃圾焚烧过程的能量平衡是产能大于耗能。
采用本方法焚烧垃圾并对其排放物进行综合利用就能将垃圾变为完全可利用的资源， 真正实现垃圾焚烧处理零排放、 无污染、 无废物， 达到无污染增收益的效果。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种垃圾处理方法， 其特征在于， 将生活垃圾送入生化处理池进行厌氧发酵， 产 生的沼气通入焚烧炉内引燃干燥垃圾，厌氧发酵后的该垃圾被从该焚烧炉内排出的高温烟 气加热干燥后得到该干燥垃圾， 送入焚烧炉内焚烧， 从空气分离装置产生纯氧和液态氮， 其中的纯氧通入所述焚烧炉内助燃该干燥垃圾，炉内焚烧温度范围为 1200~150(TC ;焚烧 炉产生的灰渣收集处理，将加热干燥厌氧发酵后的该垃圾的高温烟汽预冷分离出水蒸汽后 得到干燥烟气， 将该干燥烟气送到脱硫装置脱出硫化物， 再经活性炭吸附后得到纯净二氧 化碳气体。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的垃圾处理方法， 其特征在于， 在对二氧化碳气体进行压缩液 化过程中产生的不凝气体与所述纯氧混合后成为富氧进入焚烧炉。
3、 如权利要求 1 所述的垃圾处理方法， 其特征在于， 所述炉内焚烧温度范围为 1200~1350°C。
4、利用权利要求 1所述垃圾处理方法所获得的液体二氧化碳制造干冰， 其特征在于： 将净化后的二氧化碳气体压缩液化变为液态二氧化碳， 再经减压膨胀得到干冰。
5、 利用权利要求 1所述垃圾处理方法所获得的灰渣生产地砖， 其特征在于： 将所述 焚烧炉内焚烧后的灰渣磁化分离出金属渣和沙石灰， 金属渣回炼钢炉再用， 沙石灰添加粘 胶剂混合后制成地砖。
6、 利用权利要求 1所述垃圾处理方法所获得的硫和液态氮制造橡胶制品， 其特征在 于： 将废旧轮胎去除钢丝和纤维后加入从空气分离装置送来的液态氮， 制得橡胶粉， 然后 在橡胶粉中加入从烟气脱硫程序中获得的固体硫， 经硫化处理制成橡胶制品。
7、 利用权利要求 1所述垃圾处理方法所获得的生化处理物制造有机复合肥， 其特征 在于： 在所述生化处理池内经生化处理的污泥中加入粪便和所述灰渣中的轻质灰， 制得有 机复合肥。
PCT/CN2009/001090 2008-09-27 2009-09-27 一种垃圾处理方法及其综合利用 WO2010037268A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN200810232819.5 2008-09-27
CNA2008102328195A CN101367088A (zh) 2008-09-27 2008-09-27 一种垃圾处理方法及其综合利用

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010037268A1 true WO2010037268A1 (zh) 2010-04-08

Family

ID=40411167

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2009/001090 WO2010037268A1 (zh) 2008-09-27 2009-09-27 一种垃圾处理方法及其综合利用

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN101367088A (zh)
WO (1) WO2010037268A1 (zh)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107477594A (zh) * 2017-09-20 2017-12-15 梁君毅 垃圾焚烧净化系统
CN108045862A (zh) * 2018-01-18 2018-05-18 洛阳理工学院 一种悬浮燃烧炉用垃圾下料阀
CN108204592A (zh) * 2018-02-08 2018-06-26 吴永勇 一种垃圾焚烧净化系统
CN111018300A (zh) * 2019-11-27 2020-04-17 中建科技有限公司 一种粪便处理方法及系统
CN115477455A (zh) * 2022-05-12 2022-12-16 杭州坤灵环境技术有限公司 一种基于催化热水解技术的污泥与渗沥液协同全资源化方法

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101367088A (zh) * 2008-09-27 2009-02-18 袁永扬 一种垃圾处理方法及其综合利用
CN102705832B (zh) * 2012-05-11 2013-07-10 袁永扬 无烟气排放的固体废弃物焚烧炉
CN103742918B (zh) * 2013-12-05 2016-04-20 谢华原 垃圾焚烧处理工艺
CN108224450B (zh) * 2016-12-22 2021-02-05 内蒙古大学 全封闭式垃圾焚烧方法及其装置
CN108315081B (zh) * 2018-04-08 2023-11-28 源创环境科技有限公司 利用垃圾填埋场的填埋气体干燥陈腐垃圾的rdf生产系统
CN109373324A (zh) * 2018-11-27 2019-02-22 中国中元国际工程有限公司 一种垃圾处理联合系统及方法
CN110822437B (zh) * 2019-11-07 2021-09-17 光大环保技术研究院（南京）有限公司 垃圾焚烧发电系统和方法
CN111360022A (zh) * 2020-03-17 2020-07-03 江苏和合环保集团有限公司 一种有利于生活垃圾综合处理的填埋方法
CN112871964A (zh) * 2021-01-08 2021-06-01 光大环保（中国）有限公司 一种餐厨与焚烧一体化协同处置装置

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1256386A (zh) * 1999-12-17 2000-06-14 冶金工业部鞍山热能研究院 城市生活垃圾处理用熔渣焚烧炉及其处理工艺方法
US20040001788A1 (en) * 2002-02-15 2004-01-01 Ovidiu Marin Steam-generating combustion system and method for emission control using oxygen enhancement
CN1619219A (zh) * 2004-11-09 2005-05-25 滕清华 生活垃圾连续焚烧炉
CN1850370A (zh) * 2006-05-15 2006-10-25 滕清华 生活垃圾综合处理工艺
CN101021328A (zh) * 2007-03-12 2007-08-22 刘春� 富氧燃烧及传热系统及其应用方法
CN101367088A (zh) * 2008-09-27 2009-02-18 袁永扬 一种垃圾处理方法及其综合利用
CN101367519A (zh) * 2008-09-27 2009-02-18 袁永扬 利用垃圾高温焚烧生产二氧化碳的装置

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1256386A (zh) * 1999-12-17 2000-06-14 冶金工业部鞍山热能研究院 城市生活垃圾处理用熔渣焚烧炉及其处理工艺方法
US20040001788A1 (en) * 2002-02-15 2004-01-01 Ovidiu Marin Steam-generating combustion system and method for emission control using oxygen enhancement
CN1619219A (zh) * 2004-11-09 2005-05-25 滕清华 生活垃圾连续焚烧炉
CN1850370A (zh) * 2006-05-15 2006-10-25 滕清华 生活垃圾综合处理工艺
CN101021328A (zh) * 2007-03-12 2007-08-22 刘春� 富氧燃烧及传热系统及其应用方法
CN101367088A (zh) * 2008-09-27 2009-02-18 袁永扬 一种垃圾处理方法及其综合利用
CN101367519A (zh) * 2008-09-27 2009-02-18 袁永扬 利用垃圾高温焚烧生产二氧化碳的装置

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PENG, HAOYI ET AL.: "Research on Melting Incineration of Municipal Solid Waste Using High-Temperature and Oxygen-Enriched Air", INDUSTRIAL FURNACE, vol. 31, no. 2, March 2009 (2009-03-01), pages 28 - 29 *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107477594A (zh) * 2017-09-20 2017-12-15 梁君毅 垃圾焚烧净化系统
CN108045862A (zh) * 2018-01-18 2018-05-18 洛阳理工学院 一种悬浮燃烧炉用垃圾下料阀
CN108045862B (zh) * 2018-01-18 2024-02-13 洛阳理工学院 一种悬浮燃烧炉用垃圾下料阀
CN108204592A (zh) * 2018-02-08 2018-06-26 吴永勇 一种垃圾焚烧净化系统
CN111018300A (zh) * 2019-11-27 2020-04-17 中建科技有限公司 一种粪便处理方法及系统
CN115477455A (zh) * 2022-05-12 2022-12-16 杭州坤灵环境技术有限公司 一种基于催化热水解技术的污泥与渗沥液协同全资源化方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101367088A (zh) 2009-02-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2010037268A1 (zh) 一种垃圾处理方法及其综合利用
RU2741936C1 (ru) Способ и устройство для совместного сжигания отходов и полусухого сточного ила
CN106746468B (zh) 一种污泥处理系统及处理工艺
CN101839488B (zh) 一种可燃固体废物回转窑气化焚烧方法
CN201659136U (zh) 生活垃圾、有机废物气化-液化处置的系统
CN101177331B (zh) 一种处置污泥的方法及其装置
CN104211274A (zh) 污泥减量化资源化处理装置及处理方法
CN105366896A (zh) 一种污泥气化熔融循环处理的设备及工艺
WO2015196688A1 (zh) 一种可燃废物定向热解方法
CN105737163B (zh) 基于解耦燃烧的生活垃圾低温热解系统及方法
CN102531318A (zh) 一种污泥干燥、焚烧一体化的零排放处理系统及处理工艺
CN201363733Y (zh) 垃圾高温焚烧综合处理设备
CN103756697A (zh) 垃圾和污泥的处理方法及其处理系统
CN100546731C (zh) 城市生活垃圾无害化能源化处理方法
CN114075026A (zh) 一种处理污泥及有机废弃物的系统和方法
CN111810958A (zh) 利用生活垃圾碱化清洁焚烧处理制备活性渣的设备及方法
CN103911170B (zh) 一种城市生活垃圾高温裂解生产rdf6的方法
CN204097297U (zh) 污泥减量化资源化处理装置
CN201289090Y (zh) 一种飞灰可燃物再利用和去除二恶英污染的装置
CN208869480U (zh) 一种工业污泥裂解的工艺系统
CN101367519A (zh) 利用垃圾高温焚烧生产二氧化碳的装置
CN204224522U (zh) 垃圾和污泥的处理系统
CN212430867U (zh) 利用生活垃圾碱化清洁焚烧处理制备活性渣的设备
CN105602585A (zh) 一种管式炉低温干馏处理城镇生活垃圾转化制气的方法
CN206608958U (zh) 一种基于低温余热发电设备的垃圾处理设备

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 09817182

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

DPE1 Request for preliminary examination filed after expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101)
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 09817182

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1