WO2010037088A2 - Système de rotation de combustion pour chaudières à injection de carburant - Google Patents

Système de rotation de combustion pour chaudières à injection de carburant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010037088A2
WO2010037088A2 PCT/US2009/058751 US2009058751W WO2010037088A2 WO 2010037088 A2 WO2010037088 A2 WO 2010037088A2 US 2009058751 W US2009058751 W US 2009058751W WO 2010037088 A2 WO2010037088 A2 WO 2010037088A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
boiler
fuel
combustion
injection
burners
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Application number
PCT/US2009/058751
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English (en)
Inventor
Ishaq M. Jameel
Original Assignee
Clyde Bergemann Anthony-Ross
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Filing date
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Application filed by Clyde Bergemann Anthony-Ross filed Critical Clyde Bergemann Anthony-Ross
Publication of WO2010037088A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010037088A2/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/02—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air above the fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C5/00—Disposition of burners with respect to the combustion chamber or to one another; Mounting of burners in combustion apparatus
    • F23C5/08—Disposition of burners
    • F23C5/32—Disposition of burners to obtain rotating flames, i.e. flames moving helically or spirally
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J3/00—Removing solid residues from passages or chambers beyond the fire, e.g. from flues by soot blowers
    • F23J3/02—Cleaning furnace tubes; Cleaning flues or chimneys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
    • F23C2201/10—Furnace staging
    • F23C2201/101—Furnace staging in vertical direction, e.g. alternating lean and rich zones

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to industrial boilers and, more particularly, relates to a combustion rotation system for an industrial fuel-injection boiler in which the burners and over fire air (OFA) ports are located, directed and operated to induce multiple rotational vortexes in the combustion mass inside the combustion section of the fuel-injection boiler.
  • OFA fire air
  • 5,809,910 describes a waste incinerator using over fire air (OFA) ports to rotate the combustion mass to more completely incinerate the contaminants in the waste product.
  • This boiler is not a fuel injection boiler and describes rotating the entire combustion mass in a single vortex combustion rotation. Therefore, there Docket No. 4C16.2-071 remains a need for a combustion rotation system suitable for fuel-injection boilers, such as coal, oil and gas boilers.
  • the present invention may be implemented in a combustion rotation system in or for an industrial fuel-injection boiler with a combustion section, first and second opposing boiler walls, and a plurality of burners. Each burner is supported on the first or second boiler wall and configured for injecting a mixture of fuel and air into the boiler. Each burner has an associated fuel-injection flow rate controller. The flow rate controllers are set in a coordinated manner to impart an unbalanced fuel- injection profile to induce multiple rotational vortexes in the combustion mass inside the combustion section of the boiler.
  • each column of burners typically has one or more over-fire air ports located above the column of burners, and each over-fire air port has an associated flow rate controller.
  • the over-fire air port flow rate controller may be set to impart an unbalanced air injection profile consistent with the unbalanced fuel-injection profile imparted by the fuel-injection rate controllers to assist the burners in inducing the multiple rotational vortexes in the combustion mass inside the combustion section of the boiler.
  • the burner locations on the first boiler wall are directly opposing the burner locations on the second boiler wall and the burners on each boiler wall are arranged into inboard columns and outboard columns.
  • the flow rate controllers are set to induce an unbalanced fuel-injection profile between the inboard columns and outboard columns on the first boiler wall, an unbalanced fuel-injection profile between the inboard columns and outboard columns on the second boiler wall, an unbalanced fuel- injection profile between the inboard columns on the first boiler wall and the inboard columns on the second boiler wall, and an unbalanced fuel-injection profile between the outboard columns on the first boiler wall and the outboard columns on the second boiler wall.
  • This combustion technique may be extended to boilers with larger numbers of columns of burners.
  • the number of columns on each boiler wall is four and the number of rotational vortexes is two.
  • the burners locations on the first boiler wall are directly Docket No. 4C16.2-071 opposing the burner locations on the second boiler wall.
  • the number of columns on each boiler wall is six and the number of rotational vortexes is three.
  • the number of columns on each boiler wall is eight and the number of rotational vortexes is four.
  • the fuel-injection lateral locations on the first boiler wall are laterally offset from the fuel-injection lateral locations on the second boiler wall to assist in the inducement of the multiple rotational vortexes in the combustion mass inside the combustion section of the boiler.
  • one or more of the fuel-injection directions may be horizontally tilted to assist in the inducement of the multiple rotational vortexes in the combustion mass inside the combustion section of the boiler.
  • one or more of the fuel- injection directions may be vertically tilted to assist in mixing of the combustion mass inside the combustion section of the boiler.
  • the fuel- injection flow controllers may be set to impart a vertically unbalanced fuel injection profile along one or more of the columns to assist in mixing of the combustion mass inside the combustion section of the boiler.
  • These techniques may be implemented individually or in various combinations to rotate and mix the combustion mass.
  • a master controller may also be used to rotate and/or mix the combustion mass and/or actuate boiler cleaning equipment while the boiler is in operation in response to measured boiler parameters, such as temperature, pressure, gas analysis, and heat flux.
  • FIG. 1 is a conceptual side view of a conventional fuel-injection boiler without combustion rotation.
  • FIG. 2 is a conceptual side view of a conventional fuel-injection boiler with burner ports and over fire air (“OFA”) ports imparting rotation to the combustion mass inside the boiler.
  • OFA fire air
  • FIG. 3 is a conceptual front view of a first boiler wall illustrating the burner and OFA ports on one side of the boiler.
  • FIG. 4 is a conceptual front view of a second boiler wall opposing the first boiler wall illustrating the burner and OFA ports on the opposing side of the boiler.
  • FIG. 5 is a conceptual perspective view of a fuel-injection boiler illustrating opposing placement of the burner and OFA ports. Docket No. 4C16.2-071
  • FIG. 6 is a conceptual top view of burner ports in a first alternative fuel- injection boiler with laterally opposing burner ports illustrating the lateral placement and operation of the burner ports.
  • FIG. 7 is a conceptual top view of burner ports in a second alternative fuel- injection boiler with laterally opposing burner ports illustrating the lateral placement and operation of the burner ports.
  • FIG. 8 is a conceptual top view of burner ports in a third alternative fuel- injection boiler with laterally opposing burner ports illustrating the lateral placement and operation of the burner ports.
  • FIG. 9 is a conceptual top view of burner ports in a first alternative fuel- injection boiler with laterally offset burner ports illustrating the lateral placement and operation of the burner ports.
  • FIG. 10 is a conceptual top view of burner ports in a second alternative fuel- injection boiler with laterally offset burner ports illustrating the lateral placement and operation of the burner ports.
  • FIG. 1 1 is a conceptual top view of burner ports in a third alternative fuel- injection boiler with laterally offset burner ports illustrating the lateral placement and operation of the burner ports.
  • FIG. 12 is a conceptual front view of a boiler wall illustrating the vertical placement of the burner and OFA ports on one side of the boiler.
  • FIG. 13 is a conceptual side view of burner ports in a first alternative fuel- injection boiler with vertically opposing burner ports illustrating the vertical placement and operation of the burner ports.
  • FIG. 14 is a conceptual side view of burner ports in a second alternative fuel- injection boiler with vertically opposing burner ports illustrating the vertical placement and operation of the burner ports.
  • FIG. 15 is a conceptual top view of burner ports in a first alternative fuel- injection boiler with laterally offset and laterally directed burner ports illustrating the lateral placement, operation and orientation of the burner ports.
  • FIG. 16 is a conceptual top view of burner ports in a second alternative fuel- injection boiler with laterally offset and laterally directed burner ports illustrating the lateral placement, operation and orientation of the burner ports. Docket No. 4C16.2-071
  • FIG. 17 is a conceptual top view of burner ports in a first alternative fuel- injection boiler with laterally offset and progressively directed burner ports illustrating the lateral placement, operation and orientation of the burner ports.
  • FIG. 18 is a conceptual top view of burner ports in a second alternative fuel- injection boiler with laterally offset and progressively directed burner ports illustrating the lateral placement, operation and orientation of the burner ports.
  • FIG. 19 is a conceptual side view of burner ports in as alternative fuel-injection boiler with laterally opposing and vertically directed burner ports illustrating the vertical placement, operation and orientation of the burner ports.
  • FIG. 20 is a functional block diagram of a fuel-injection burner with adjustable burner and OFA ports and a control system for adjusting the flow and direction of the burner and OFA ports while the boiler is in operation.
  • the present invention may be implemented in a combustion rotation system that utilizes the placement, direction, and/or unbalanced fuel injection flow rates to the burners in a fuel-injection power boiler, such as pulverized coal, oil or gas fired boiler, to achieve rotation of the combustion mass and other types of mixing of the combustion mass.
  • a fuel-injection power boiler such as pulverized coal, oil or gas fired boiler
  • the over fired air (“OFA") ports may also be placed, directed, and/or operated to contribute to the rotation of the combustion mass.
  • the jets are located, directed and/or operated to produce two counter-rotating inboard/outboard vortices in the combustion mass.
  • the fuel- injection combustion rotation system may also be controlled while the boiler is operation, and controlled automatically, through a master control system.
  • U.S. Patent No. 7,185,594 describes a combustion rotation system for a chemical recovery boiler in which supplemental air is injected above the combustion chamber to induce rotation of the combustion mass. While the injection of supplemental air into a chemical recovery boiler does not adversely affect the combustion process, this approach is not amenable for use in a fuel-injection boiler because the injection of additional air into the boiler to rotate the combustion mass would change the air-fuel mixture and impart other undesirable combustion characteristics. Docket No. 4C16.2-071
  • the present invention solves this problem by placing, directing and/or controlling the air/fuel flow rate to the combustion burners involved in the combustion process to induce rotation of the combustion mass in the combustion section of the boiler without adversely affecting the air-fuel mixture.
  • the placement, direction, and injection flow rates to the OFA ports may also be selected or controlled to assist in combustion rotation.
  • the fuel-injection combustion rotation system induces multiple vortex rotation of the combustion mass, which is more efficient and effective than attempting to rotate the entire combustion mass in a single vortex.
  • a fuel-injection boiler such as a pulverized coal, oil or gas fired boiler, introduces the fuel and combustion air through the same jet or burner. This means that one cannot just add additional air ports to rotate the combustion mass, as taught in U.S. Pat. 7,185,594, since this would result in an increase in the air/fuel ratio. This is not desirable because increasing the air/fuel ratio will increase the flue gas through the boiler resulting in multiple problems inside the boiler and in the back-end air pollution equipment. Altering the air/fuel ratio would also reduce the efficiency of the boiler, which is typically designed to obtain a desired air/fuel ratio prior to the injection of supplemental air for combustion rotation.
  • the fuel- injection combustion rotation system utilizes the setup (i.e., placement, direction and/or flow rates) of the burners to impart combustion rotation, which is a significant adaptation and improvement over the supplemental air approach to imparting combustion rotation in a chemical recovery boiler.
  • the minimum amount of coal may be passed to the low flow burners based on the minimum allowable coal flow for the supply pipe, while the flow to the high flow burners is increased above the conventional level. This type of unbalanced fuel injection profile is quite the opposite of traditional practice where a lot of trouble is taken to balance the fuel flow to each burner.
  • a typical wall fired pulverized coal boiler contains multiple levels of burners on opposing walls. These burners on are arranged above each other in vertical stacks or columns and positioned so that there are similar columns of burners on opposite sides of the boiler (i.e., directly across the boiler. If the outer burners are chosen as Docket No. 4C16.2-071 the high flow burners, then the inner burners will be the low flow burners to impart rotation vortexes into the combustion mass. The opposite wall will have the opposite arrangement with high flow going to the inboard burners and low flow to the outboard burners. In this way the opposing jets will not interfere with each other. The resulting flow pattern produces two counter rotating inboard/outboard vortices.
  • the spin is reinforced as the flue gases flow up and past each level of the burner and OFA jets, which are similarly operated. Even though the burner flows are biased, the total fuel flow and air/fuel ratio per level typically remains approximately the same as in the conventional balanced fuel injection technique, although these parameters may be altered and re-optimized if desired. In particular, the total fuel flow and air/fuel ratio may be optimized for efficiency, pollution control, or other desired characteristics to take advantage of the higher efficiency combustion obtained with combustion rotation.
  • Rotating the combustion mass significantly increases the mixing between the air and fuel, which leads to an increase in combustion efficiency enabling more complete combustion reducing the amount of carbon monoxide generated in comparison to the conventional balanced fuel injection technique.
  • the spiraling upward movement of the combustion mass increases the residence time for the fuel in the combustion section of the boiler, enabling it to burn more completely.
  • the improved combustion results in a greater heat release in the furnace and a reduction of un-burnt fuel in the ash. All of these are desirable improvements.
  • NOx that is generated as part of combustion is considered a major pollutant. Hence reducing NOx is highly desired. NOx forms through two mechanisms. One is the oxidation of the N2 in the atmosphere at high temperatures while the other is through a series of chemical reactions that combine the N in the fuel with the 02 in the atmosphere.
  • combustion engineers have staged the combustion. This is done by removing some percentage of the air in the burner zone and introducing it further in the furnace. To do this, multiple openings known as air ports are made in the boiler wall. These ports are referred to as Over Fired Air (“OFA”) ports. Typically these air ports are lined up vertically with the burners and are opposing OFA ports on the other side of the boiler. In the fuel- injection combustion rotation system, the certain OFA ports may be blocked off so that there are high air flow to OFA ports above the high flow burners and no flow to the OFA ports above the low flow burners. Docket No. 4C16.2-071
  • CFD Computation Fluid Dynamics
  • the boiler shown in FIG. 5 was setup in a computer model and three numerical simulations were made to see the effects of the firing strategy shown in FIG. 6.
  • the existing setup was the base case and two other cases case 1 and case 2 were run with the firing strategy shown in FIG. 6.
  • Case 1 had the same air splits at every burner level and the OFA as the base case.
  • case 2 the air was shifted from the burner zone to the OFA zone in order to reduce the NOx.
  • the percentage changes in the firing system and the key boiler parameters are shown below in Table 1 .
  • the primary air (1 RY) carries the coal while the secondary (2RY) air provides much of the combustion air and is brought in through the burner as well.
  • FIG. 1 is a conceptual side view of a conventional fuel- injection boiler 10 without combustion rotation.
  • a Cartesian coordinate system is shown to facilitate the description of the boiler.
  • the "x” direction is horizontal along the main boiler wall, which is into the page as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the "y” direction is vertical, and the “z” direction is horizontal across the boiler, as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the boiler 10 is vertically organized with a heat exchanger section 14 on top, a combustion section 16 below the heat exchanger section, and a bottom ash section 18 below the combustion section 16.
  • combustion occurs in the combustion section 16, the combustion heat rises to heat steam generators in the heat exchanger section 14, and the bulk of the ash falls into the bottom ash section 16, where it is removed from the boiler.
  • this layout is simplified, it is sufficiently representative of industrial boilers for the purpose of describing the present invention.
  • the boiler 10 includes a pair of opposing boiler walls 11 , 12 extending in the "x" direction that support a number of opposing burners 20 that inject a mixture of air and fuel, such as pulverized coal, oil or natural gas, into the combustion section of the boiler.
  • the boiler walls also support a number over-fire air (“OFA") ports 22 that inject air into the combustion section of the boiler above the level of the burners.
  • the burners 20 and OFA ports 22 on opposing sides of the boiler in a conventional boiler are stacked in vertical columns directly across from each other.
  • FIG. 1 shows one illustrative vertical column consisting of four burners and one OFA ports on each opposing boiler wall. Typically, there are at least four vertical columns of burners and OFA ports on each boiler wall spaced apart in the "x" direction.
  • the inner columns are typically referred to as the inboard columns, and the outer columns are typically referred to as the outboard columns.
  • each burner and OFA port on the first wall 11 are positioned directly across from a mirror-image set of burners and OFA ports on the opposing wall 12, and each burner and OFA port is directed horizontally, parallel to the "z" direction at various vertical levels.
  • each opposing pair of burners is typically operated at the same injection rate, which results in a "balanced" injection profile.
  • Each opposing pair of OFA ports is also operated at the same injection rate in the balanced injection profile. This results in a non-rotating combustion mass that travels inward toward the middle of the boiler and upward toward the heat exchangers, as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the balanced fuel injection profile resulting in a non-rotating combustion mass flow pattern has been used in conventional fuel injection boiler for many decades.
  • the heat exchanger section 14 at the top of the boiler 10 has multiple wing walls also known as division panels 24 that come off the front walls. These act like flow straighteners that tend to destroy any rotation in the flow gas. Due to a relatively short distance from the OFA ports 22 ports to the bottom of the wing walls in a typical fuel-injection boiler, there is insufficient space to stack more than one or two levels of OFA ports between the burners and the division panels. Therefore, it is not possible to use the OFA ports alone to impart significant rotation to the combustion mass, as described for certain chemical recovery boilers in U.S. Patent No. 7,185,594. As shown in FIG.
  • the present invention accomplishes the objective of rotating the combustion mass in a fuel-injection boiler by positioning, directing, and/or adjusting the flow rates of the burners 20 to impart the rotation to the combustion mass.
  • the OFA ports 22 may also be positioned, directed, and/or operated to assist in the rotation to the combustion mass.
  • the burners and OFA ports are positioned, directed, and operated to impart multiple upward spiraling vortexes into the combustion mass as the combustion heat rises toward the heat exchangers. This requires deviating from the "balanced" injection profile that has been ingrained into the boiler industry for decades. A number of techniques for rotating the combustion mass have been developed, as described below.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate a representative layout of burners 20 and OFA ports
  • each boiler wall 11 , 12 lies in an "x-y" Docket No. 4C16.2-071 plane and they are spaced apart from each other across the boiler in the "z" direction.
  • This representative boiler configuration includes four columns of burners and OFA ports spaced apart in the "x” direction, in which each column has four burners 20 and one OFA port 22.
  • the inner columns 40 on the first boiler wall 11 are referred to as inboard columns, and the outer columns 42 on the first boiler wall 11 are referred to as outboard columns.
  • the inner columns 44 on the second boiler wall 12 are referred to as inboard columns, and the outer columns 46 on the second boiler wall 12 are referred to as outboard columns.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate a basic technique for using the burners and optionally the OFA ports to impart rotation to the combustion mass in a conventional fuel- injection boiler without making any physical alterations to the boiler.
  • this technique can be applied to the burners alone or to the burners and the OFA ports.
  • the longer arrows indicate higher flow rates throughout the injection flow diagrams.
  • the flow rates to the inboard and outboard columns are adjusted into an unbalanced injection pattern to impart rotation to the combustion mass.
  • the flow rates to the outboard columns 40 on the first boiler wall 11 are set to a relatively high flow rate (indicated by bold ports), while the flow rates to the outboard columns 44 on the second boiler wall 12 are set to a relatively low flow rate (indicated by non-bold ports).
  • the flow rates to the inboard columns 42 on the first boiler wall 11 are set to a relatively low flow rate (indicated by non-bold ports), while the flow rates to the inboard columns 46 on the second boiler wall 12 are set to a relatively high flow rate (indicated by bold ports).
  • FIGS. 3-6 this adjustment to the fuel injection rates results in unbalanced flow injection rates between the outboard columns 40 and the inboard columns 42 on the first boiler wall 11.
  • This adjustment also results in unbalanced flow injection rates between the outboard columns 40, 44 on opposing boiler walls, and the inboard columns 42, 46 on opposing boiler walls.
  • the top view of FIG. 6 shows illustrates the unbalanced flow injection profile 61 applied to the burners on the first boiler wall 11 , and the Docket No. 4C16.2-071 corresponding unbalanced flow injection profile 62 applied to the burners on the second boiler wall 12.
  • FIGS. 6-8 Illustrative examples of burner and OFA port configurations with flow rates varying horizontally are shown in FIGS. 6-8.
  • FIGS. 6-8 Illustrative examples of burner and OFA port configurations with flow rates varying horizontally are shown in FIGS. 6-8.
  • FIGS. 9-1 1 illustrate laterally offset burner placement while Illustrative examples of burner and OFA port configurations with flow rates varying vertically are shown in FIGS. 13-14. More specifically, FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate and expansion of the flow injection modification technique for inducing rotation of the combustion mass described with reference to FIGS. 3-6 to boilers with larger numbers of opposing columns of burners and OFA ports on opposite sides of the boiler.
  • FIG. 7 is a conceptual top view of burner ports in a second alternative fuel-injection boiler 70 with laterally opposing burner ports illustrating the lateral placement and operation of the burner ports.
  • the boiler 70 includes six opposing columns of burners and OFA ports on opposite sides of the boiler.
  • FIG. 7 shows illustrates the unbalanced flow injection profile 71 applied to the burners on the first boiler wall, and the corresponding unbalanced flow injection profile 72 applied to the burners on the second boiler wall These injection profiles produce three counter-rotating vortexes 73, 74, and 75 in the combustion mass.
  • FIG. 8 is a conceptual top view of burner ports in a third alternative fuel-injection boiler 80 with laterally opposing burner ports illustrating the lateral placement and operation of the burner ports.
  • FIG. 8 shows illustrates the unbalanced flow injection profile 81 applied to the burners on the first boiler wall, and the corresponding unbalanced flow injection profile 82 applied to the burners on the second boiler wall These injection profiles produce four counter-rotating vortexes 83, 84, 85 and 86 in the combustion mass.
  • staggered burner placement can also be used to rotate the combustion mass, which can reduce the number of columns of burners required to produce the same number of vortices.
  • the opposing burners and OFA are not directed directly at each other, but are instead offset to induce mixing in the combustion mass.
  • the burners and OFA ports may be strategically located horizontally (x direction), vertically (y direction), or both horizontally and vertically in addition to varying the flow rates (z direction). Strategic placement of burners can eliminate the need for low flow burners and associated piping and support structures.
  • FIG. 9 shows a dual vortex boiler utilizing three staggered (laterally offset) columns of high flow burners, FIG.
  • FIG. 10 shows a triple vortex boiler utilizing four laterally offset columns of high flow burners
  • FIG. 1 1 shows a quad vortex burner utilizing five laterally offset columns of high flow burners.
  • FIG. 9 is a conceptual top view of burner ports in a first alternative fuel- injection boiler 90 with laterally offset burner ports illustrating the lateral placement and operation of the burner ports.
  • the first boiler wall includes one column 91 of burner and OFA ports and the opposing boiler wall includes two columns 92 of burner and OFA ports.
  • the column 91 is located laterally (x direction) between the columns 92.
  • This staggered port profile produces two counter-rotating vortexes 93, 94 using only three columns of injection ports.
  • the staggered port profile may be implemented with the same flow injection rate to each column, as shown in FIG. 8, or in combination with flow rate adjustment. For example, the injection flows rates could be adjusted so that the flow rate to column 91 is greater than the flow rates to columns 92, or vice versa. Docket No. 4C16.2-071
  • FIG. 10 is a conceptual top view of burner ports in a second alternative fuel-injection boiler 100 with laterally offset burner ports illustrating the lateral placement and operation of the burner ports.
  • the first boiler wall includes two columns 101 of burner and OFA ports and the opposing boiler wall includes two columns 102 of burner and OFA ports.
  • the columns 101 are laterally (x direction) offset from the columns 102.
  • This staggered port profile produces three counter-rotating vortexes 103, 104, and 105.
  • FIG. 1 1 is a conceptual top view of burner ports in a third alternative fuel- injection boiler 110 with laterally offset burner ports illustrating the lateral placement and operation of the burner ports.
  • the first boiler wall includes two columns 111 of burner and OFA ports and the opposing boiler wall includes three columns 112 of burner and OFA ports.
  • the columns 111 are laterally (x direction) offset from the columns 112. This staggered port profile produces four counter-rotating vortexes 113-116.
  • this technique can be readily expanded to boilers with larger numbers of laterally offset columns of burners and optional OFA ports.
  • FIG. 12 is a conceptual front view of a boiler wall 120 illustrating the vertical placement of the burner and OFA ports on one side of the boiler. All of the techniques described in this specification can be applied to boilers with fuel-injection burners and any number of OFA ports, including boilers with no OFA ports. The same combustion techniques can also be applied to only the burner ports or to both the burner and OFA ports in a boiler with burners and OFA ports.
  • FIGS. 1 -6 show a boiler in which each column includes four burners and one OFA port.
  • FIG. 12 expands this concept to a boiler in which each column includes four burners and three OFA ports.
  • Configuring the boiler with multiple columns of burners, each with multiple staked OFA ports increases the ability to adjust the flow rates through the burners and OFA ports vertically (in the y direction) as well as horizontally (in the x direction) to impart desired mixing in the combustion mass.
  • the flow rates through the burners and OFA (the force in the z direction) may be varied from burner to burner and OFA port to OFA port vertically (in the y direction) to impart desired mixing in the combustion mass as an alternative or in addition to varying the flow rates from burner to burner and OFA port to OFA port horizontally (in the x direction).
  • FIG. 13 is a conceptual side view of burner ports in a first alternative fuel- injection boiler 130 with vertically opposing burner ports illustrating the vertical placement and operation of the burner ports.
  • a first vertical flow injection profile 131 is applied to the burners and OFA ports on the first boiler wall
  • second vertical flow injection profile 132 is applied to the burners and OFA ports on the opposing boiler wall.
  • FIG. 14 shows a second alternative fuel-injection boiler 140 a different vertical flow rate injection profile.
  • a first vertical flow injection profile 141 is applied to the burners and OFA ports on the first boiler wall
  • second vertical flow injection profile 142 is applied to the burners and OFA ports on the opposing boiler wall.
  • one or more of the burners and OFA jets may be injected into the boiler at a vertically and/or horizontally tilted angle to impart desired mixing in the combustion mass. Angling the burners can be implemented in combination with staggered columns and/or flow rate adjustment to further induce mixing of the combustion mass. Examples of burner and OFA jets that are tilted horizontally (in the x-z plane) are shown in FIGS. 15 and 16.
  • FIG. 15 is a conceptual top view of burner ports in a first alternative fuel-injection boiler 150 with laterally offset and laterally directed burner ports illustrating the lateral placement, operation and orientation of the burner ports.
  • the first boiler wall includes one column 151 of burner and OFA ports and the opposing boiler wall includes two columns 152 of burner and OFA ports.
  • the column 151 is located laterally (x direction) between the columns 152.
  • the column 151 is directed horizontally (z direction), while the columns 152 on the opposite side of the boiler are horizontally tilted to assist on combustion rotation.
  • FIG. 16 shows this technique expanded to an alternative boiler 160 with two columns 161 on the first boiler wall and two columns 162 in the opposing boiler wall.
  • the angle of the fan profile also can be rotated along the axis of injection by rotating the jet nozzle about the axis of injection, as represented by the rotational injection patterns 163 and 164 shown in FIG. 16.
  • these techniques can be readily expanded to boilers with larger numbers of burners and optional OFA ports in each Docket No. 4C16.2-071 column, and to apply different horizontal injection flow direction profiles as matters of design choice.
  • FIG. 17 is a conceptual top view of burner ports in a first alternative fuel-injection boiler 170 with laterally offset and progressively directed burner ports illustrating the lateral placement, operation and orientation of the burner ports.
  • the first boiler wall includes two columns 171 , 173 of the burners and/or OFA ports. Each column includes ports at four vertical (y direction) levels. L1 -L4.
  • the injection direction is directly across the boiler (z direction) at L1 , and the injection direction at each successive level L3-L4 is progressively tilted horizontally (x direction) from the cross-boiler direction.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates the combination of the complementary progressive offset injection profile of FIG. 17 with an unbalanced vertical flow rate injection profile in a boiler 180 with columns 181-184.
  • the burner and OFA jets may also be tilted or angled vertically (in the y-z plane) as shown in FIG. 19.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates the vertical injection tilt technique in combination with an unbalanced vertical flow rate injection profile in a boiler 190 with injection profiles 191-192.
  • the equipment required to implement these combustion rotation techniques include an air/fuel mixture and fuel injection flow rate controller for each burner to be controlled with flow rate adjustment, a fuel injection flow rate controller for each OFA port to be controlled with flow rate adjustment, jet nozzle rotating equipment for each burner and OFA port to be rotated, and jet pointing equipment for each burner and OFA port to be directionally controlled. Jet nozzles may be rotated with motor driven gear assemblies.
  • 4C16.2-071 pointing equipment may include mounting structures for supporting the burner or OFA jet in a desired orientation.
  • Directional nozzles may also be use to direct burner or OFA jets in desired directions.
  • the directional nozzles may be rotated with motor driven gear assemblies to change the pointing directions of the jets.
  • the mounting structures and nozzles may be fixed, in which case they are physically changed to make adjustments, or these structures may be manually adjustable or motorized for remotely controlled adjustment while the boiler is in operation.
  • all of the injection parameters illustrated above can be changed from burner to burner and OFA port to OFA port as desired to impart mixing and rotation to the combustion mass.
  • the positions, flow rates, and angles of injection for the burners and the OFA ports can selected as design considerations for a new plant.
  • most of these parameters can be changed for an existing plant, in some cases requiring equipment upgrades such as jet pointing equipment.
  • Once control equipment is in place for some or all of these parameters, some or all of the parameters can be changed while the boiler is on operation, for example by turning burner and OFA jets on and off, adjusting the flow rates, and adjusting injection angles.
  • One or more of these parameters can also be changed continually or continuously (modulated) in accordance with predefined patterns, measured performance characteristics, and/or feedback signals.
  • the fuel mixture supplied to the burners and boiler cleaning equipment can also be controlled in accordance with predefined patterns, measured performance characteristics, and/or feedback signals.
  • the burners, OFA ports, fuel mixture and cleaning equipment can all be controlled based on sensor data obtained in real time to meet or optimize desired operating characteristics.
  • the sensor data typically includes the boiler's thermal output, temperatures, pressures, gas content, ash content, pollution emissions, and heat flux.
  • the boiler can be controlled to optimize the thermal output while meeting pollution emission thresholds, for example NOx emission limits, and minimizing unburned carbon in the ash.
  • FIG. 20 illustrates a fuel-injection boiler system 200 for a fuel-injection boiler 202.
  • the system 200 includes sensors 204 that monitor boiler operating parameters, such as temperature, pressure, gas analysis, and heat flux. These parameters are fed to a master controller 206, which analyzes the performance of the boiler based on the measured parameters, predicts changed to Docket No. 4C16.2-071 the performance in response to changes in the burner and optionally the OFA injection profile, and the implements changes in the injection profile to optimize the performance of the boiler.
  • the master controller 206 can be programmed to optimize the performance of the boiler while meeting pollution emission thresholds.
  • the master controller 206 is configured to control burner one or more of the rotation and direction controllers 208, burner flow rate controllers 210, and fuel/air mixture controllers 212.
  • the master controller 206 may also be configured to control one or more of the OFA rotation and direction controllers 214 and the OFA flow rate controllers 216.
  • the master controller 206 may also determine from the measured parameters when the boiler is in need of cleaning and activate controlled boiler cleaning systems, such as sootblowers and water canons. In response to the measured parameters, the master controller 206 may control the cleaning of particular portions of the boiler, implement general boiler cleaning, and adjust regularly scheduled maintenance regimens.
  • controlled boiler cleaning systems such as sootblowers and water canons.
  • the master controller 206 may control the cleaning of particular portions of the boiler, implement general boiler cleaning, and adjust regularly scheduled maintenance regimens.
  • all or a portion of the equipment shown in FIG. 8 may be implemented as a matter of design choice in different plants. In an existing plant, for example, a strategic subset of the burners may be retrofitted with directional jets or nozzle rotation equipment, as desired.
  • New plants will benefit greatly by strategically positioning the jets in laterally offset configurations during original plan construction and installing some or all of the automated combustion rotation and mixing equipment shown in FIG. 8 to provide the plant operators with rich sets of control options for optimizing the operation of the plant to achieve desired performance characteristics considering at least plant efficiency, pollution production, and cleaning regimens.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)

Abstract

L’invention concerne un système de rotation de combustion utilisant le placement, la direction et/ou le débit d’injection de carburant non équilibré en direction des brûleurs dans une chaudière de production d’énergie à injection de carburant, comme une chaudière chauffée au gaz, au pétrole ou au charbon pulvérisé, pour obtenir une rotation intérieur/extérieur (I/O) de la masse de combustion ou d'autres types de mélanges de la masse de combustion. Les orifices d'air additionnel pour la combustion (« OFA ») peuvent également être placés, dirigés et/ou actionnés pour contribuer à la rotation de la masse de combustion. Le système de rotation de combustion à injection de carburant peut également être commandé alors que la chaudière est actionnée et commandée automatiquement via un système de commande principale. Le système de rotation de combustion à injection de carburant entraîne une rotation à tourbillons multiples de la masse de combustion, plus efficace que la rotation de toute la masse de combustion en un seul tourbillon.
PCT/US2009/058751 2008-09-29 2009-09-29 Système de rotation de combustion pour chaudières à injection de carburant WO2010037088A2 (fr)

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US10094908P 2008-09-29 2008-09-29
US61/100,949 2008-09-29

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WO2010037088A2 true WO2010037088A2 (fr) 2010-04-01

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103335303A (zh) * 2013-06-25 2013-10-02 山西蓝天环保设备有限公司 立式炉三维立体分级ofa燃尽风低氮燃烧技术
US8762250B2 (en) 2010-07-12 2014-06-24 International Business Machines Corporation Asset management system to monitor and control greenhouse gas emissions
US20170045219A1 (en) * 2010-11-16 2017-02-16 General Electric Technology Gmbh Apparatus and method of controlling the thermal performance of an oxygen-fired boiler
WO2018002441A1 (fr) * 2016-07-01 2018-01-04 Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy Agencement et procédé d'étagement d'air

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8762250B2 (en) 2010-07-12 2014-06-24 International Business Machines Corporation Asset management system to monitor and control greenhouse gas emissions
US20170045219A1 (en) * 2010-11-16 2017-02-16 General Electric Technology Gmbh Apparatus and method of controlling the thermal performance of an oxygen-fired boiler
CN103335303A (zh) * 2013-06-25 2013-10-02 山西蓝天环保设备有限公司 立式炉三维立体分级ofa燃尽风低氮燃烧技术
CN103335303B (zh) * 2013-06-25 2016-05-11 山西蓝天环保设备有限公司 立式炉三维立体分级ofa燃尽风低氮燃烧技术
WO2018002441A1 (fr) * 2016-07-01 2018-01-04 Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy Agencement et procédé d'étagement d'air
CN109563986A (zh) * 2016-07-01 2019-04-02 芬兰国家技术研究中心股份公司 燃尽风装置和方法
US10982843B2 (en) 2016-07-01 2021-04-20 Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy Over fire arrangement and method

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