WO2010036666A2 - Redresseur de transformateur multi-impulsionnel modulaire pour une utilisation dans un convertisseur de puissance à niveaux multiples - Google Patents

Redresseur de transformateur multi-impulsionnel modulaire pour une utilisation dans un convertisseur de puissance à niveaux multiples Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010036666A2
WO2010036666A2 PCT/US2009/057938 US2009057938W WO2010036666A2 WO 2010036666 A2 WO2010036666 A2 WO 2010036666A2 US 2009057938 W US2009057938 W US 2009057938W WO 2010036666 A2 WO2010036666 A2 WO 2010036666A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
phase
coupled
windings
transformers
modular
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PCT/US2009/057938
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English (en)
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WO2010036666A3 (fr
Inventor
Mehdi Abolhassani
Ryan Edwards
Lyle Thomas Keister
Alex Skorcz
Enrique Ledezma
Chao Hsu Liao
Original Assignee
Teco-Westinghouse Motor Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from US12/284,654 external-priority patent/US7830681B2/en
Priority claimed from US12/284,649 external-priority patent/US8279640B2/en
Application filed by Teco-Westinghouse Motor Company filed Critical Teco-Westinghouse Motor Company
Priority to DE112009002287T priority Critical patent/DE112009002287T5/de
Priority to CN200980137351.4A priority patent/CN102165678B/zh
Publication of WO2010036666A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010036666A2/fr
Publication of WO2010036666A3 publication Critical patent/WO2010036666A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/49—Combination of the output voltage waveforms of a plurality of converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/4585—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements

Definitions

  • a power converter inverter or drive
  • a converter is used generally herein to refer to converters, inverters and drives
  • incoming input power such as three-phase AC power.
  • the converter conditions the power to provide a conditioned power signal to the equipment to be powered. In this way, incoming power to the equipment may be of improved efficiency, leading to reduced costs to operate the equipment.
  • Multi-level power converters have been gaining popularity mainly due to improved power quality, lower switching losses, better electromagnetic compatibility, and higher voltage capability. These improvements in power conversion are achieved by using a multiple voltage step strategy.
  • One common multi-level inverter topology is a series H- bridge inverter, in which multiple H-bridge inverters are connected in series. Since this topology consists of series power conversion cells, the voltage and power level may be easily scaled.
  • the present invention is directed to a medium voltage drive system that includes modular transformers.
  • the system may include multiple transformers each to provide an output to one or more power cells, where the power cells provide AC power to a load.
  • Each transformer may have at least one primary winding and multiple secondary windings, where the primary winding of each transformer is phase shifted with respect to its neighboring transformers and the secondary windings are also phase shifted.
  • the phase shift of the primary winding is based on the phase shift of the secondary windings and a number of the plurality of transformers.
  • one or more non- phase-shifted transformers may also be present to provide an output to at least one power cell.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is directed to a system with multiple modular transformers each including at least one phase-shifted primary set of windings to receive power from a utility connection and multiple secondary sets of windings.
  • the system includes power cells each coupled to one of the secondary sets of windings of one of the modular transformers.
  • the power cells are configured such that a first subset of the power cells are coupled to a first phase output line, a second subset of the power cells are coupled to a second phase output line, and a third subset of the power cells are coupled to a third phase output line.
  • Each modular transformer provides an output to a first number of power cells of a pair of the three phase output lines and a second number of power cells of a last of the phase output lines.
  • any of the power cells can be coupled to any of the secondary sets of windings of any of the modular transformers.
  • each transformer provides the output to the first number of power cells of a different pair of the three phase output lines.
  • a first modular transformer can provide outputs to a first power cell of the first and second phase output lines, and to two power cells of the third phase output line.
  • Yet another aspect of the present invention is directed to a system with multiple transformers each to provide an output to at least one power cell coupled to at least one phase output line and configured to provide AC power to a load.
  • Each transformer may include at least one primary winding and a plurality of secondary windings, where the primary winding of each transformer is phase shifted with respect to its neighboring transformers, and the secondary windings are phase shifted with respect to the other secondary windings of the corresponding transformer.
  • the system further includes a non-phase-shifted transformer to provide an output to at least one second power cell.
  • Such second power cell(s) may be configured to perform partial regeneration from the load.
  • the second power cell(s) include an active front end coupled to an output of its corresponding secondary winding(s).
  • a controller may be coupled to at least the second power cell(s) to control switching of the active front end.
  • the present invention is directed to a medium voltage drive system that includes modular transformers.
  • the system may include multiple modular transformers each including a phase-shifted primary winding coupled to an input power source and phase-shifted secondary windings each coupled to a power cell.
  • the system further includes different phase output lines coupled to a load. These lines may include first, second and third phase output lines.
  • the first phase output line may have at least first and second level power cells, where a first one of the modular transformers has a first plurality of the phase-shifted secondary windings coupled to the first level power cell and a second plurality of the phase-shifted secondary windings coupled to the second level power cell.
  • the second phase output line may have at least first and second level power cells, where a second one of the modular transformers has a first plurality of the phase- shifted secondary windings coupled to the first level power cell and a second plurality of the phase-shifted secondary windings coupled to the second level power cell.
  • the third phase output line may have at least first and second level power cells, where a third one of the modular transformers has a first plurality of the phase-shifted secondary windings coupled to the first level power cell and a second plurality of the phase-shifted secondary windings coupled to the second level power cell.
  • the first phase output line may have a third level power cell, with at least one of the phase-shifted secondary windings of the first modular transformer coupled to the third level power cell.
  • the different level power cells may be of different voltages, with the first level power cell of a higher voltage than the second level power cell, and the second level power cell of a higher voltage than the third level power cell.
  • Each modular transformer can be of the same output level.
  • the present invention includes an apparatus with multiple modular transformers each including at least one phase-shifted primary set of windings to receive power from a utility connection and a plurality of secondary sets of windings.
  • there may be multiple level power cells where first level power cells are each coupled to a first plurality of the secondary sets of windings of at least two of the modular transformers and second level power cells are each coupled to a second plurality of the secondary sets of windings of at least two of the modular transformers.
  • any of the first level power cells and the second level power cells can be coupled to any of the secondary sets of windings of any of the modular transformers.
  • a system in yet another aspect, includes multiple modular transformers.
  • a first modular transformer includes at least one phase-shifted primary winding to couple to a supply and phase-shifted secondary windings each to couple to a third level power cell.
  • Multiple second modular transformers each include at least one phase-shifted primary winding to couple to the supply and phase-shifted secondary windings each to couple to a second level power cell.
  • Multiple ones of the phase-shifted secondary windings of the second modular transformers are to couple to the same second level power cell.
  • Multiple third modular transformers each include at least one phase-shifted primary winding coupled to the supply and phase-shifted secondary windings each to couple to a first level power cell.
  • the system can be implemented such that multiple phase-shifted secondary windings of the third modular transformers are to couple to the same first level power cell. Still further, more of the third transformer phase-shifted secondary windings are to couple to the same first level power cell than the second transformer phase-shifted secondary windings that couple to the same second level power cell.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a power converter in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a power converter in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a power converter in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of even another embodiment of a power converter.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an asymmetric power converter in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 A is a block diagram of an alternate implementation of an asymmetric power converter in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an asymmetric power converter in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 A is a block diagram of an alternate implementation of an asymmetric power converter in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a graphical illustration of simulated primary and secondary output currents for the modular transformer of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 8 is a graphical illustration of a simulated input current from a utility connection to the modular transformer.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an inverter in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Embodiments may provide modular transformers with multiple phase-shifted windings to achieve the highest power quality at a utility connection while providing scalability and modularity for various inverter topologies such as a series H-bridge inverter. More specifically, in various implementations both a primary winding and secondary windings of each modular transformer can be phase shifted. Specific implementations of such phase shifting will be discussed below. Thus, each modular transformer has a primary winding that is phase shifted, at least with respect to its neighboring transformers.
  • each transformer has at least one set of primary windings and at least one set of secondary windings where each set corresponds to multiphase windings (e.g., three-phase windings).
  • a winding generally can refer to a set of windings (e.g., a set of secondary windings coupled to a three-phase power cell). Both primary and secondary windings may be phase-shifted for optimum harmonics cancellation. The amount of phase shift of secondary and primary windings can be calculated according to the following equations: 360 a" ⁇ - ZN ⁇ N- [EQ - 2]
  • Ny is the number of transformer modules
  • N dc is the number of isolated DC sources
  • Ns is an integer number of the number of secondary windings in each transformer
  • N ph is the number of phases of a supply
  • ⁇ sec is the secondary windings phase shift in each module
  • Op ⁇ rn is the primary winding phase shift in each module.
  • system 100 includes a plurality of modular transformers 110 a - 110 c (generically transformer 110). As shown, each transformer 110 is coupled to a utility connection U, which provides three- phase power to the transformers. In turn, each transformer 110 includes a primary winding 112 P and a plurality of secondary windings 112 S (note that for ease of illustration such reference numerals are only indicated for first transformer 110 a ).
  • Each primary transformer 110 has its primary coil 112 P phase shifted with respect to its neighboring transformers.
  • first transformer 110 a has its primary winding 112 P at a phase shift of -6.7°
  • second transformer 110 b has its primary winding at 112 P at 0°
  • third transformer 110 c has its primary winding 112 P with a phase shift of +6.7°.
  • the phase shifts for this configuration may be obtained using Equations 1-3 above.
  • the phase shift of the primary and secondary coils can be determined.
  • each transformer 110 includes a plurality of secondary windings 112 S that are also phase shifted.
  • each of the secondary windings is phase shifted by 20°.
  • the outputs of each of the secondary windings 112 S thus provide three-phase AC power to a corresponding power cell 120 al — 120 C 3.
  • power cells 120 a i-120a3 are coupled in series as a phase output line Pl that provides power of a first phase to a motor 130.
  • power cells 120 b i-120 b3 provide power of a second phase to its phase output line P2 coupled to motor 130.
  • power cells 120 c i-120 C 3 provide power of a third phase to its phase output line P3 coupled to motor 130.
  • the modular transformers may be manufactured using transformer manufacturing techniques and implementing various types of winding designs for both primary and secondary windings.
  • the primary windings include both extended delta configurations and a standard delta configuration.
  • the connection of primary and secondary windings can be freely chosen.
  • a desired phase shift may be realized by changing the geometry of the winding, e.g., by adjusting the number of turns of one or more coils of the transformer or taps with regard to other coils. By controlling the number of turns of coils and connection method of them, a given phase shift can be realized. As shown in the implementation of FIG.
  • secondary windings can include standard delta configurations, as well as polygon configurations, where again by changing the size and/or turns of one or more coils, different phase shifts can be obtained.
  • other configurations or connections can be used to realize a desired phase shift in different implementations.
  • the main obstacle to implement the small phase shift in secondary windings is the smaller number of turns in secondary windings (LV side) relative to primary windings (HV side). The fewer number of turns in secondary windings gives less freedom to realize the smaller phase shift angles.
  • each modular transformer supplies isolated three phase power to one or more power cells of the same voltage of each phase output line.
  • each modular core volume may reduce in size since the winding window may only need to accommodate one or a small number of secondary windings per output phase.
  • using modular transformers will benefit packaging of the inverter.
  • the core cross sectional area may be substantially the same as a single transformer implementation to ensure an equivalent flux density.
  • the secondary copper windings can be of the same wire gauge since the current density will remain constant. So while the mean flux path may be shorter for a modular core, the combined volume between all modular cores will be greater than the volume of a single transformer.
  • the modular approach allows a single unit transformer to be used across a wide voltage and power range.
  • a converter in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is capable of higher voltage and power with lower harmonic distortion.
  • Modular units can easily be removed to reduce cost and efficiently accommodate lower voltages.
  • a conventional transformer would have to be completely redesigned for different ratings. Instead, by providing a modular transformer more vendors can be capable of manufacturing such a smaller transformer.
  • Modular transformers in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention can provide a variety of benefits, including better harmonics cancellation and reliability.
  • these modular transformers can provide improved power quality in the utility, as by the phase-shifting of the primaries and secondaries, a N-pulse output can be obtained having a harmonic distortion in utility current of less than the requirements of the IEEE 519 standard.
  • Such harmonic levels far exceed that possible with a single transformer, as the mechanical tolerances on the careful phase angles needed for such a system cause higher harmonic distortion.
  • the modular transformers may be all of a common voltage and current level to thus cancel harmonics due to the balancing of the outputs.
  • modular transformers can provide advances in reliability as various concerns inherent in a single transformer can be avoided by providing multiple smaller modular transformers. For example, concerns regarding winding-to-winding shorts can be reduced by isolating the multiple secondaries in different modular transformers. Furthermore, thermal effects such as a skin effect caused by having other windings configured over inner windings can be removed. Still further, by providing smaller separate modular transformers, an avalanche of failures can be avoided. More so, by having the multiple transformers, in the case of a failure of one transformer, the remaining transformers can allow continued system operation, albeit at a possibly lower performance level. Embodiments may further include various bypass or switch over mechanisms to enable such dynamic removal of one or more transformers in the case of such a failure. Also, by having modular transformers, leakage fluxes are reduced as compared to a single transformer with many secondaries. Smaller leakage flux will account for better utilization of iron and smaller core losses.
  • each transformer 110 has a three phase input with isolated three phase secondary outputs.
  • Primary windings 112 P of each transformer may have taps that enable phase rotation with respect to other modular transformers 110. Such phase rotation may be in accordance with Equation 3, above.
  • the turns ratio between primary and secondary can be individually selected for the desired output voltage level. In implementations for an asymmetric configuration, the turns ratios for one or more of the transformers may differ, to accommodate different output voltages.
  • FIG. 1 also shows a method of implementation of one of the power cells 120.
  • each such power cell may be formed of the same topology.
  • power cell 120 may be coupled to receive incoming power from a given modular transformer that is rectified via a rectifier 130, which may be formed of a parallel implementation of diodes. Coupled to rectifier 130 is a power storage unit 140, which may include one or more storage capacitors.
  • a switching stage 150 which may be a so-called H-bridge implementation may include a plurality of switching elements Q1-Q4, which may take the form of power transistors such as insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). Switching transistors may be protected by parallel coupled anti-diodes D1-D4.
  • IGBTs insulated gate bipolar transistors
  • Switching of switching elements Q1-Q4 may be implemented according to a local cell controller 160, which in turn may receive control signals via a fiber optic interface 170 from a system controller. While shown with this particular implementation in the embodiment of FIG. 1, the scope of the present invention is not limited in this regard.
  • each module transformer is an 18-pulse transformer. However, by applying the phase-shift in the primary winding of the modular transformer, it acts as a 54-pulse transformer.
  • the harmonic cancellation of a 54-pulse transformer is realized. While shown in FIG. 1 as having secondary windings being configured as delta or extended polygon connections and primary windings configured as delta or extended delta connections, the scope of the present invention is not so limited. In other implementations, the secondary and primary windings can be connected in extended star, zigzag, extended delta and polygon configurations as well.
  • an inverter formed of multiple modular transformers and corresponding power cells may include at least one transformer that is not phase shifted.
  • the power cells receiving power from such an unphase-shifted transformer may be controlled using electronic means to enable a relatively harmonic distortion-free sine wave output.
  • some embodiments may enable a combination of active and passive rectifiers.
  • the phase-shifted transformers may provide for passive phase rectifiers such as diode rectifiers, while active phase shifting, such as in the form of front end switching mechanisms of power cells coupled to a non-phase shifted transformer, can enable an equivalent control of an inverter.
  • an equivalent N-pulse inverter can be realized using a combination of phase-shifted and non-phase-shifted transformers.
  • modular transformers can be used in various multi-phase systems, such as systems having greater than three phases (both at input and output sides) such as a five-phase, six-phase, nine-phase and so forth. In such systems, similar configurations of transformers and power cells can be implemented.
  • system 200 includes four modular transformers 210 a - 210 b , each of which has a single primary 212 P and three secondary windings 212 S .
  • the primary windings may be phase shifted with respect to each other by 5° and each may be formed of an extended Y configuration. Note that the phase shifts shown for the primary windings in FIG.
  • a substantial midpoint between the modular transformers i.e., between the middle two modular transformers
  • may be at a 0° phase shift such that the middle two transformers have primary windings at a phase shift of +2.5° and -2.5°, respectively.
  • each transformer may have a phase shift of 20° and may be formed of Y or extended Y configurations.
  • modular transformers 210 a - 21Od can power 12 isolated DC sources, namely power cells 220 a i - 220 C 4.
  • each power cell may be adapted the same as that of the power cells in FIG. 1.
  • the system may act as a 72-pulse transformer.
  • the selected phase angles in the implementation of FIG. 2 may be determined in accordance with Equations 1-3 such that N s is 3, ⁇ sec is 20°, and
  • system 300 includes three modular transformers 310 a - 310 c .
  • Each transformer includes a single primary coil 312 P and four secondary windings 312 S .
  • the primaries may be Y or extended Y configurations and the secondaries may be extended Y configurations or any other configurations.
  • at least two secondary windings of each transformer may be coupled to multiple power cells of a single phase output line.
  • two secondary windings of transformer 310 a may be coupled to power cells 320 a i and 320 a2 .
  • the remaining two secondary coils of transformer 310 a may each be coupled to a respective power cell of the other two phase lines (namely power cells 320bi and 320 c i). While shown with this particular implementation, the coils may be connected in any manner to the different power cells. Thus, connections between the secondary windings and the power cells can be interchanged as desired. This is so, as in various implementations the power cells may be of the same configuration and thus may receive power from any given secondary winding. That is, any of power cells 320 can be powered by one or more secondary windings of any of transformers 310 such that complete interchangeability can be realized, as any secondary output (at any phase) from any of the modular transformers can be provided to any given power cell.
  • Interchangeability of power supplies to power cells can be realized by balancing power needed to be supplied to the power cells.
  • a 72-pulse transformer is realized by the three modular transformers that power the twelve individual power cells.
  • each power cell 320 may be adapted the same as described with respect to FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 shown is a block diagram of still another embodiment of a power converter.
  • five modular transformers 410 a - 410 e may be present, the primary winding 412 P of each of which has a phase shift of 4°.
  • each modular transformer may have three secondary windings 412 S having 20° phase shifts.
  • system 400 may be arranged similarly to that of FIG. 1, with the addition of two more modular transformers such that 15 isolated DC sources corresponding to power cells 420 a i - 420 C 5 can be powered.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of an asymmetrical cascaded inverter 500 having three power cells 520 a i-520 C 3 per phase.
  • the input power supply to the inverter is implemented by three modular transformers where each transformer 510 a - 510 c has seven secondary windings 512 P .
  • the total required number of isolated DC sources Nd c is 21, so Ns is seven.
  • the phase-shifted primary windings 512 P which may be of Y or extended Y configurations each may be coupled to seven secondary windings 512 S , which may be formed of Y or extended Y configurations.
  • multiple secondary windings of each transformer may be coupled to a first power cell of each phase output line, which may be a high voltage cell 520 a i (and 520bi and 520 c i).
  • a smaller number of secondary windings of each transformer may be coupled to a second power cell of each phase output line, which may be a corresponding medium voltage cell 520 a2 (and 52O b2 and 520 c2 ).
  • each transformer may be coupled to a corresponding low voltage power cell of each phase output line (namely power cells 520 a 3 - 520 C 3).
  • This kind of configuration will generate more voltage levels or less voltage harmonics to the motor. While shown with this particular implementation in the embodiment of FIG. 5, understand that differing amounts of secondary windings of the transformers can be coupled to the different power cells.
  • FIG. 5 further shows a block diagram for each different asymmetric type of power cell present in the embodiment.
  • the high voltage cells e.g., 520 a i
  • the high voltage cells include a rectifier stack 540, a storage stage 550, and a switching stage 560.
  • the high voltage cells include a rectifier stack 540, a storage stage 550, and a switching stage 560.
  • four series- coupled rectifier diodes are present in this high voltage cell of the embodiment of FIG. 5 to provide the high voltage output.
  • each rectifier diode shown in the schematic view of FIG. 5 can be implemented as a single rectifier diode that can be a half-wave, full-wave rectifier, or any other topologies. Note that in the embodiment of FIG.
  • each rectifier diode of high voltage cell 520 a i is coupled to receive incoming power from one set of secondary windings. That is, each rectifier diode is associated with a single secondary winding. By using multiple such rectifier diodes, better power balance can be achieved.
  • the high voltage cells may output a voltage of between 0 and 2178 volts.
  • the high voltage cells may be formed using a multi-level H-bridge configuration, such as a three-level H-bridge configuration.
  • the medium voltage cells include a similar but smaller rectifier diode stack 540 (where each rectifier diode is still coupled to a single set of secondary windings), storage stage 550, and switching stage 560.
  • the medium voltage cells may output a voltage of between 0 and 1089 volts.
  • the low voltage cells such as represented by power cell 520 a 3 include similar components. However, as shown in FIG. 5 its rectifier stage may be realized using only a single rectifier diode that is coupled to one set of secondary windings, in some embodiments. In one particular embodiment, the low voltage cells may output a voltage of between 0 and 544 volts.
  • the total voltage supplied to the motor according to FIG. 5 will be 3810 volts per phase or 6600 volts line to line voltage.
  • relatively smaller modular transformers can be provided at equal voltages, with the number of rectifiers of each voltage level power cell corresponding to the number of sets of secondary windings coupled to that voltage level cell.
  • a higher power output may be provided to motor 530.
  • the input current to the drive contains less harmonic components. This power quality of the drive is achieved by cancellation of harmonics components by implementing phase shifting in primary and secondary windings of the transformer modules.
  • the specific configuration shown in FIG. 5 associates each modular transformer with power cells of a single phase output line, the scope of the present invention is not limited in this regard. Further, while shown as a three-level inverter more or fewer asymmetric levels may be present in a given implementation.
  • FIG. 5 A shows an alternative implementation of an asymmetric inverter 500' using three modular transformers.
  • the secondary sets of windings of each modular transformer has been interchangeably coupled to various ones of the power cells of the three different levels.
  • first level power cell 520 a i is coupled to secondary sets of windings of both first transformer 510 a and second transformer 510b.
  • second level power cell 520 a2 is coupled to secondary sets of windings of second transformer 510b and third transformer 510 c .
  • Third level power cell 520 a 3 is coupled to a secondary set of windings from third transformer 510 c .
  • the other phase lines include similarly coupled power cells.
  • asymmetric modular transformers can be used in various multi-phase systems, such as systems having greater than three phases (both at input and output sides) such as a five- phase, six-phase, nine-phase and so forth. In such systems, similar configurations of transformers and power cells can be implemented.
  • system 600 includes seven modular transformers 610 a - 610 g .
  • the total required number of isolated DC sources (Nd c ) is 21, so Ns is three.
  • secondary windings 612 S of multiple modular transformers can be coupled to the same phase output line.
  • system 600 includes power cells of different voltage levels, including a first set of high voltage power cells 620 a i - 620 c i, a second set of medium voltage power cells 620 a2 - 620 c2 , and a third set of low voltage power cells 620 a 3 - 620 C3 , which are coupled to provide power to a motor 630.
  • differing number of secondary coils of different transformers are coupled to each of these power cells.
  • modular transformers 610 a - 61Od have secondary windings coupled to the high voltage power cells 620 a i - 620 c i, while modular transformers 610 e and 61O f have secondary windings coupled to medium voltage power cells 620 a2 - 620 c2 .
  • modular transformer 610 g has its secondary windings coupled to the low voltage power cells 620 ⁇ - 620 C 3.
  • the primary windings 612 P of the modular transformers may be formed of delta or extended delta configurations, while the secondary windings 612 S may be formed of delta or extended polygon configurations, although the scope of the present invention is not limited in this aspect. As seen in FIG.
  • FIG. 6A shows an alternate implementation 600' of the embodiment of FIG. 6, where seven transformers are coupled to the three power level cells of the three phase lines.
  • first through fourth transformers 610 a - 61Od are each coupled to first level power cells 620 a i - 620 a3 .
  • fifth and sixth transformers 610 e - 61Of are coupled to second level power cells 620 a2 - 620 c2 .
  • seven transformer 510 g has a secondary set of windings coupled to each of third level power cells 620 a 3 - 620c3.
  • these interchangeable configurations shown in FIG. 6A are for example, and other implementations may be differently configured.
  • FIG. 7 shows simulated primary and secondary output currents for transformer 110a of FIG. 1. Values assume a 4160 volt inverter for a 1000 horsepower motor.
  • FIG. 8 shows a simulated input current from a utility connection to the modular transformers.
  • TDD total harmonic distortion
  • FIG. 9 shown is a block diagram of an inverter in accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention. More specifically, FIG. 9 shows an implementation of a symmetrical cascaded medium voltage inverter with partial regeneration capability for a three-phase motor.
  • inverter 900 may include modular transformers 910b and 910 c with passive phase shifting, realized by both phase shifting of primary windings and secondary windings. Still further, at least one other modular transformer 910 a may be provided that is not phase shifted. However, the outputs of this modular transformer may be provided to power cells of a different configuration than the other power cells.
  • these power cells 920 a i - 920 c i may be regenerative power cells having an active front end, e.g., implemented by way of IGBTs 905.
  • IGBTs 905. When these front end IGBTs are controlled accordingly, a relatively pure sinusoidal current in the main side (i.e., input current to the power cell) having a minimal harmonic distortion is realized.
  • the winding sets of the primary and secondary transformer modules 910 b and 910 c that supply power to the other power cells can be phase shifted to minimize the harmonics in the main current.
  • N s 3.
  • an equivalent 36-pulse transformer can be realized using two 18-pulse transformers 910b and 910 c with phase shifted primaries.
  • the phase shifting is not needed for the transformers module 910 a , as the electronically controlled active front-end 905 of the power cell will draw nearly pure sinusoidal current for the utility.
  • this implementation provides the ability for partial regeneration.
  • a controller 980 which may be a local controller or master controller, may be coupled to the power cells (note the connections are not shown in FIG. 9 for ease of illustration).
  • this controller may provide control of the active switching of the front end IGBTs of power cells 920 a 3 - 920 C 3 to enable the clean sine wave output, as well as to enable a partial regeneration mode.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

Dans un mode de réalisation de la présente invention, un système peut inclure de multiples transformateurs, chacun fournissant une sortie à une ou plusieurs piles, les piles délivrant un courant alternatif à une charge. Chaque transformateur peut comporter au moins un enroulement principal et de multiples enroulements auxiliaires, l’enroulement principal de chaque transformateur étant déphasé par rapport aux transformateurs voisins, et les enroulements auxiliaires étant également déphasés. Le déphasage de l’enroulement principal peut être basé sur celui des enroulements auxiliaires et d’un certain nombre de transformateurs de la pluralité de transformateurs.
PCT/US2009/057938 2008-09-24 2009-09-23 Redresseur de transformateur multi-impulsionnel modulaire pour une utilisation dans un convertisseur de puissance à niveaux multiples WO2010036666A2 (fr)

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DE112009002287T DE112009002287T5 (de) 2008-09-24 2009-09-23 Modularer Mehrimpulstransformator Gleichrichter zur Verwendung in Mehrniveauleistungsumsetzern
CN200980137351.4A CN102165678B (zh) 2008-09-24 2009-09-23 多电平功率转换器中使用的模块化多脉冲变压器整流器

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US12/284,654 US7830681B2 (en) 2008-09-24 2008-09-24 Modular multi-pulse transformer rectifier for use in asymmetric multi-level power converter
US12/284,654 2008-09-24
US12/284,649 US8279640B2 (en) 2008-09-24 2008-09-24 Modular multi-pulse transformer rectifier for use in symmetric multi-level power converter
US12/284,649 2008-09-24

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WO2014062994A1 (fr) * 2012-10-18 2014-04-24 Hypertherm, Inc. Circuit de puissance à torche à plasma et système de refroidissement
US9231492B2 (en) 2014-01-06 2016-01-05 General Electric Company System and method of power conversion

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EP2624430A1 (fr) 2012-01-31 2013-08-07 Alstom Technology Ltd. Convertisseur avec sortie des niveaux-multiples et générateur électrique à enroulements multiples pour alimenter l'entrée
US20130258729A1 (en) * 2012-03-29 2013-10-03 Delta Electronics, Inc. Medium voltage power apparatus
KR20150004578A (ko) * 2013-07-03 2015-01-13 엘에스산전 주식회사 멀티 레벨 인버터
JP6353053B2 (ja) * 2014-02-03 2018-07-04 ジョンソン コントロールズ テクノロジー カンパニーＪｏｈｎｓｏｎ Ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｓ Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ Ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ 冷却装置適用例における可変速ドライブのためのマルチパルス定電圧トランス
CA2928291C (fr) * 2015-04-28 2024-03-05 Harnischfeger Technologies, Inc. Tranformateur multi-impulsion destine a une machine industrielle
CN106953532B (zh) * 2017-04-24 2019-04-02 福州大学 一种hvdc和vfd系统中多脉冲ac/dc转换器的改进拓扑及其实现方法
CN107896065B (zh) * 2017-11-21 2019-12-06 北京合力电气传动控制技术有限责任公司 一种大功率高压变频器及其控制方法、装置、系统

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DE112009002287T5 (de) 2011-09-29
CN102165678A (zh) 2011-08-24
CN102165678B (zh) 2014-03-05

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