WO2010035733A1 - 画像処理装置および方法 - Google Patents
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- WO2010035733A1 WO2010035733A1 PCT/JP2009/066491 JP2009066491W WO2010035733A1 WO 2010035733 A1 WO2010035733 A1 WO 2010035733A1 JP 2009066491 W JP2009066491 W JP 2009066491W WO 2010035733 A1 WO2010035733 A1 WO 2010035733A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
- H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
- H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
- H04N19/573—Motion compensation with multiple frame prediction using two or more reference frames in a given prediction direction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/103—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode
- H04N19/105—Selection of the reference unit for prediction within a chosen coding or prediction mode, e.g. adaptive choice of position and number of pixels used for prediction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/103—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode
- H04N19/107—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode between spatial and temporal predictive coding, e.g. picture refresh
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
- H04N19/176—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
- H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
- H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
- H04N19/513—Processing of motion vectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
- H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
- H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
- H04N19/56—Motion estimation with initialisation of the vector search, e.g. estimating a good candidate to initiate a search
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
- H04N19/61—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding in combination with predictive coding
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an image processing apparatus and method, and more particularly, to an image processing apparatus and method that suppresses an increase in the amount of calculation.
- H.264 Motion Picture Experts Group
- H.264 / AVC Advanced Video Coding
- motion prediction / compensation processing with 1/2 pixel accuracy is performed by linear interpolation processing.
- prediction / compensation processing with 1/4 pixel accuracy using a 6-tap FIR (Finite Impulse Response Filter) filter is performed.
- motion prediction / compensation processing is performed in units of 16 ⁇ 16 pixels in the frame motion compensation mode, and each of the first field and the second field is performed in the field motion compensation mode.
- motion prediction / compensation processing is performed in units of 16 ⁇ 8 pixels.
- H. in the H.264 / AVC format motion prediction / compensation can be performed by changing the block size. That is, H.I. In the H.264 / AVC format, one macroblock composed of 16 ⁇ 16 pixels is divided into any of 16 ⁇ 16, 16 ⁇ 8, 8 ⁇ 16, or 8 ⁇ 8 partitions, and each is independent. It is possible to have motion vector information.
- An 8 ⁇ 8 partition can be divided into 8 ⁇ 8, 8 ⁇ 4, 4 ⁇ 8, or 4 ⁇ 4 subpartitions and have independent motion vector information.
- this method uses a decoded image for matching, it is possible to perform the same processing in the encoding device and the decoding device by setting a search range in advance. In other words, by performing the prediction / compensation processing as described above in the decoding device, it is not necessary to have motion vector information in the compressed image information from the encoding device, so that it is possible to suppress a decrease in encoding efficiency. It is.
- a system called a multi-reference frame is defined in which a plurality of reference frames are stored in a memory and a different reference frame can be referenced for each target block.
- Patent Document 1 when the technique of Patent Document 1 is applied to this multi-reference frame, it is necessary to perform motion search for all reference frames, so that not only the encoding device but also the decoding device increases the amount of computation. Will be invited.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and suppresses an increase in the amount of calculation.
- the image processing apparatus uses the motion vector of the first target block searched for in the first reference frame of the first target block of the frame, so that the distance on the time axis with respect to the frame is
- a search center calculation unit for calculating a search center in a second reference frame next to the first reference frame; and a predetermined area around the search center in the second reference frame calculated by the search center calculation unit
- a motion prediction unit that searches for a motion vector of the first target block in a search range using a template that is adjacent to the first target block in a predetermined positional relationship and is generated from a decoded image; Is provided.
- the search center calculation unit scales the motion vector of the first target block searched by the motion prediction unit in the first reference frame by a distance on the time axis with respect to the frame, thereby The search center in the reference frame can be calculated.
- the search center calculation unit Wherein calculating a search center mv c as, the motion prediction unit, at a predetermined search range around the search center mv c in the second reference frame calculated by the search center calculation unit, said first The motion vector of the target block can be searched using the template.
- the search center calculation unit the value of t k / t k-1, N / 2 M (N, M is an integer) by approximating the form of the calculation of the search center mv c, only shift operations It can be carried out.
- POC Picture Order Count
- both forward and backward prediction can be performed from the reference frame in the order close to the frame on the time axis.
- the motion prediction unit searches for a motion vector of the first target block in a predetermined range using the template in the first reference frame whose distance on the time axis is closest to the frame. Can do.
- the motion prediction unit uses the template to calculate a motion vector of the first target block in a predetermined range in the second reference frame. Can be searched.
- a decoding unit that decodes encoded motion vector information; and a prediction image generation unit that generates a prediction image using the motion vector of the second target block of the frame decoded by the decoding unit. Can do.
- the motion prediction unit searches for the motion vector of the second target block of the frame using the second target block, and uses the motion vector of the first target block searched by the motion prediction unit.
- the image processing apparatus uses the motion vector of the target block searched for in the first reference frame of the target block of the frame, and the distance on the time axis with respect to the frame is A search center in a second reference frame next to the first reference frame is calculated, and a motion vector of the target block is calculated in a predetermined search range around the search center in the calculated second reference frame. And searching using a template adjacent to the target block in a predetermined positional relationship and generated from the decoded image.
- the distance on the time axis with respect to the frame is next to the first reference frame.
- the search center in the near second reference frame is calculated.
- the motion vector of the target block is adjacent to the target block in a predetermined positional relationship and is generated from the decoded image It is searched using the template to be used.
- an image can be encoded or decoded.
- it is possible to suppress an increase in calculation amount.
- FIG. 1 It is a block diagram which shows the structure of one Embodiment of the image coding apparatus to which this invention is applied. It is a figure explaining variable block size motion prediction and compensation processing. It is a figure explaining the motion prediction / compensation process of 1/4 pixel precision. It is a figure explaining the motion prediction and compensation system of a multi reference frame. It is a flowchart explaining the encoding process of the image coding apparatus of FIG. It is a flowchart explaining the prediction process of step S21 of FIG. It is a flowchart explaining the intra prediction process of step S31 of FIG. It is a figure explaining the direction of intra prediction. It is a figure explaining intra prediction. It is a flowchart explaining the inter motion prediction process of step S32 of FIG.
- step S33 of FIG. It is a figure explaining the inter template motion estimation process of step S33 of FIG. It is a figure explaining the inter template matching system. It is a figure explaining in detail the process of step S71 thru
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration of an embodiment of an image encoding device of the present invention.
- the image encoding device 51 includes an A / D conversion unit 61, a screen rearrangement buffer 62, a calculation unit 63, an orthogonal transformation unit 64, a quantization unit 65, a lossless encoding unit 66, a storage buffer 67, and an inverse quantization unit 68.
- the search center calculation unit 77, the predicted image selection unit 78, and the rate control unit 79 are configured.
- This image encoding device 51 is, for example, H.264. H.264 and MPEG-4 Part 10 (Advanced Video Coding) (hereinafter referred to as H.264 / AVC) format for compression coding.
- H.264 / AVC Advanced Video Coding
- H. In the H.264 / AVC format motion prediction / compensation is performed with a variable block size. That is, H.I.
- one macroblock composed of 16 ⁇ 16 pixels is converted into 16 ⁇ 16 pixels, 16 ⁇ 8 pixels, 8 ⁇ 16 pixels, or 8 ⁇ 8 pixels as shown in FIG. It is possible to divide into any partition and have independent motion vector information.
- the 8 ⁇ 8 pixel partition is divided into 8 ⁇ 8 pixel, 8 ⁇ 4 pixel, 4 ⁇ 8 pixel, or 4 ⁇ 4 pixel subpartitions, respectively. It is possible to have independent motion vector information.
- the position A indicates the position of the integer precision pixel
- the positions b, c, and d indicate the positions of the 1/2 pixel precision
- the positions e1, e2, and e3 indicate the positions of the 1/4 pixel precision.
- max_pix When the input image has 8-bit precision, the value of max_pix is 255.
- the pixel values at the positions b and d are generated by the following equation (2) using a 6-tap FIR filter.
- the pixel value at the position c is generated as in the following Expression (3) by applying a 6-tap FIR filter in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.
- the clip process is executed only once at the end after performing both the horizontal and vertical product-sum processes.
- the positions e1 to e3 are generated by linear interpolation as in the following equation (4).
- H. In the H.264 / AVC system a motion prediction / compensation system for multi-reference frames is defined. Referring to FIG. A description will be given of prediction / compensation processing of a multi-reference frame in the H.264 / AVC format.
- a target frame Fn to be encoded and encoded frames Fn-5,..., Fn-1 are shown.
- the frame Fn-1 is a frame immediately before the target frame Fn on the time axis
- the frame Fn-2 is a frame two before the target frame Fn
- the frame Fn-3 is the frame of the target frame Fn. This is the previous three frames.
- the frame Fn-4 is a frame four times before the target frame Fn
- the frame Fn-5 is a frame five times before the target frame Fn.
- a smaller reference picture number (ref_id) is added to a frame closer to the time axis than the target frame Fn. That is, frame Fn-1 has the smallest reference picture number, and thereafter, the reference picture numbers are smallest in the order of Fn-2,..., Fn-5.
- a block A1 and a block A2 are shown in the target frame Fn.
- the block A1 is considered to be correlated with the block A1 'of the previous frame Fn-2, and the motion vector V1 is searched.
- the block A2 is considered to be correlated with the block A1 'of the previous frame Fn-4, and the motion vector V2 is searched.
- the A / D conversion unit 61 performs A / D conversion on the input image, outputs it to the screen rearrangement buffer 62, and stores it.
- the screen rearrangement buffer 62 rearranges the stored frames in the display order in the order of frames for encoding in accordance with GOP (Group of Picture).
- the calculation unit 63 subtracts the prediction image from the intra prediction unit 74 or the prediction image from the motion prediction / compensation unit 75 selected by the prediction image selection unit 78 from the image read from the screen rearrangement buffer 62, The difference information is output to the orthogonal transform unit 64.
- the orthogonal transform unit 64 subjects the difference information from the calculation unit 63 to orthogonal transform such as discrete cosine transform and Karhunen-Loeve transform, and outputs the transform coefficient.
- the quantization unit 65 quantizes the transform coefficient output from the orthogonal transform unit 64.
- the quantized transform coefficient that is the output of the quantization unit 65 is input to the lossless encoding unit 66, where lossless encoding such as variable length encoding and arithmetic encoding is performed and compressed.
- the lossless encoding unit 66 acquires information on intra prediction from the intra prediction unit 74 and acquires information on inter prediction and inter template prediction from the motion prediction / compensation unit 75.
- the lossless encoding unit 66 encodes the quantized transform coefficient and also encodes information related to intra prediction, information related to inter prediction and inter template prediction, and the like, and forms a part of header information in the compressed image.
- the lossless encoding unit 66 supplies the encoded data to the accumulation buffer 67 for accumulation.
- H.264 Variable length coding such as CAVLC (Context-Adaptive Variable Length ⁇ Coding) defined in H.264 / AVC format
- lossless encoding processing such as arithmetic coding such as CABAC (Context-Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding) is performed.
- CABAC Context-Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding
- the accumulation buffer 67 converts the data supplied from the lossless encoding unit 66 to H.264. As a compressed image encoded by the H.264 / AVC format, for example, it is output to a recording device or transmission path (not shown) in the subsequent stage.
- the quantized transform coefficient output from the quantization unit 65 is also input to the inverse quantization unit 68, and after inverse quantization, the inverse orthogonal transform unit 69 further performs inverse orthogonal transform.
- the output subjected to the inverse orthogonal transform is added to the predicted image supplied from the predicted image selection unit 78 by the calculation unit 70, and becomes a locally decoded image.
- the deblocking filter 71 removes block distortion from the decoded image, and then supplies the deblocking filter 71 to the frame memory 72 for accumulation.
- the image before the deblocking filter processing by the deblocking filter 71 is also supplied to the frame memory 72 and accumulated.
- the switch 73 outputs the reference image stored in the frame memory 72 to the motion prediction / compensation unit 75 or the intra prediction unit 74.
- an I picture, a B picture, and a P picture from the screen rearrangement buffer 62 are supplied to the intra prediction unit 74 as images to be intra predicted (also referred to as intra processing). Further, the B picture and the P picture read from the screen rearrangement buffer 62 are supplied to the motion prediction / compensation unit 75 as an image to be inter-predicted (also referred to as inter-processing).
- the intra prediction unit 74 performs intra prediction processing of all candidate intra prediction modes based on the image to be intra predicted read from the screen rearrangement buffer 62 and the reference image supplied from the frame memory 72, and performs prediction. Generate an image.
- the intra prediction unit 74 calculates cost function values for all candidate intra prediction modes, and selects an intra prediction mode in which the calculated cost function value gives the minimum value as the optimal intra prediction mode.
- the intra prediction unit 74 supplies the predicted image generated in the optimal intra prediction mode and its cost function value to the predicted image selection unit 78.
- the intra prediction unit 74 supplies information related to the optimal intra prediction mode to the lossless encoding unit 66.
- the lossless encoding unit 66 encodes this information and uses it as a part of header information in the compressed image.
- the motion prediction / compensation unit 75 performs motion prediction / compensation processing for all candidate inter prediction modes. That is, the motion prediction / compensation unit 75 performs all the candidate interpolating operations based on the inter-processed image read from the screen rearrangement buffer 62 and the reference image supplied from the frame memory 72 via the switch 73. A motion vector in the prediction mode is detected, and motion prediction and compensation processing is performed on the reference image based on the motion vector to generate a predicted image.
- the motion prediction / compensation unit 75 uses the inter-processed image read from the screen rearrangement buffer 62 and the reference image supplied from the frame memory 72 via the switch 73 as a template motion prediction / compensation unit 76. To supply.
- the motion prediction / compensation unit 75 calculates cost function values for all candidate inter prediction modes.
- the motion prediction / compensation unit 75 calculates a minimum value among the cost function value for the calculated inter prediction mode and the cost function value for the inter template prediction mode calculated by the template motion prediction / compensation unit 76.
- the given prediction mode is determined as the optimum inter prediction mode.
- the motion prediction / compensation unit 75 supplies the predicted image generated in the optimal inter prediction mode and its cost function value to the predicted image selection unit 78.
- the motion prediction / compensation unit 75 and information related to the optimal inter prediction mode and information corresponding to the optimal inter prediction mode (motion vector) Information, flag information, reference frame information, etc.) are output to the lossless encoding unit 66.
- the lossless encoding unit 66 performs lossless encoding processing such as variable length encoding and arithmetic encoding on the information from the motion prediction / compensation unit 75 and inserts the information into the header portion of the compressed image.
- the template motion prediction / compensation unit 76 performs motion prediction and compensation processing in the inter template prediction mode based on the inter-processed image from the screen rearrangement buffer 62 and the reference image supplied from the frame memory 72, and performs the prediction image Is generated.
- the template motion prediction / compensation unit 76 uses the reference frame closest to the target frame on the time axis among the plurality of reference frames described above with reference to FIG. 4 within a predetermined range. A motion search in the inter template prediction mode is performed, a compensation process is performed, and a predicted image is generated. On the other hand, for other reference frames, the template motion prediction / compensation unit 76 performs motion search in the inter template prediction mode in a predetermined range around the search center calculated by the MRF search center calculation unit 77, and compensates for it. Processing is performed to generate a predicted image.
- the template motion prediction / compensation unit 76 is read from the screen rearrangement buffer 62.
- the image to be inter-coded and the reference image supplied from the frame memory 72 are supplied to the MRF search center calculation unit 77.
- the motion vector information searched for the reference frame immediately before on the time axis of the reference frame to be searched is also supplied to the MRF search center calculation unit 77.
- the template motion prediction / compensation unit 76 determines that the prediction image with the smallest prediction error among the prediction images generated for the plurality of reference frames is the prediction image for the target block. Then, the template motion prediction / compensation unit 76 calculates a cost function value with respect to the inter template prediction mode for the determined predicted image, and supplies the calculated cost function value and the predicted image to the motion prediction / compensation unit 75. .
- the MRF search center calculation unit 77 uses the motion vector information searched for the reference frame immediately before on the time axis of the reference frame to be searched among the plurality of reference frames, and moves in the reference frame to be searched. Calculate the search center of the vector. Specifically, the MRF search center calculation unit 77 calculates the motion vector information searched for the reference frame immediately before on the time axis of the reference frame to be searched on the time axis for the target frame to be encoded from now. By scaling by distance, the motion vector search center in the reference frame to be searched is calculated.
- the predicted image selection unit 78 determines the optimal prediction mode from the optimal intra prediction mode and the optimal inter prediction mode based on each cost function value output from the intra prediction unit 74 or the motion prediction / compensation unit 75.
- the predicted image in the optimum prediction mode is selected and supplied to the calculation units 63 and 70.
- the predicted image selection unit 78 supplies the selection information of the predicted image to the intra prediction unit 74 or the motion prediction / compensation unit 75.
- the rate control unit 79 controls the rate of the quantization operation of the quantization unit 65 based on the compressed image stored in the storage buffer 67 so that overflow or underflow does not occur.
- step S11 the A / D converter 61 performs A / D conversion on the input image.
- step S12 the screen rearrangement buffer 62 stores the image supplied from the A / D conversion unit 61, and rearranges the picture from the display order to the encoding order.
- step S13 the calculation unit 63 calculates the difference between the image rearranged in step S12 and the predicted image.
- the predicted image is supplied from the motion prediction / compensation unit 75 in the case of inter prediction and from the intra prediction unit 74 in the case of intra prediction to the calculation unit 63 via the predicted image selection unit 78.
- ⁇ Difference data has a smaller data volume than the original image data. Therefore, the data amount can be compressed as compared with the case where the image is encoded as it is.
- step S14 the orthogonal transformation unit 64 orthogonally transforms the difference information supplied from the calculation unit 63. Specifically, orthogonal transformation such as discrete cosine transformation and Karhunen-Loeve transformation is performed, and transformation coefficients are output.
- step S15 the quantization unit 65 quantizes the transform coefficient. At the time of this quantization, the rate is controlled as described in the process of step S25 described later.
- step S ⁇ b> 16 the inverse quantization unit 68 inversely quantizes the transform coefficient quantized by the quantization unit 65 with characteristics corresponding to the characteristics of the quantization unit 65.
- step S ⁇ b> 17 the inverse orthogonal transform unit 69 performs inverse orthogonal transform on the transform coefficient inversely quantized by the inverse quantization unit 68 with characteristics corresponding to the characteristics of the orthogonal transform unit 64.
- step S ⁇ b> 18 the calculation unit 70 adds the predicted image input via the predicted image selection unit 78 to the locally decoded difference information, and outputs the locally decoded image (input to the calculation unit 63. Corresponding image).
- step S ⁇ b> 19 the deblock filter 71 filters the image output from the calculation unit 70. Thereby, block distortion is removed.
- step S20 the frame memory 72 stores the filtered image. Note that an image that has not been filtered by the deblocking filter 71 is also supplied to the frame memory 72 from the computing unit 70 and stored therein.
- step S21 the intra prediction unit 74, the motion prediction / compensation unit 75, and the template motion prediction / compensation unit 76 each perform image prediction processing. That is, in step S21, the intra prediction unit 74 performs intra prediction processing in the intra prediction mode, and the motion prediction / compensation unit 75 performs motion prediction / compensation processing in the inter prediction mode. Further, the template motion prediction / compensation unit 76 performs motion prediction / compensation processing in the inter template prediction mode.
- step S21 The details of the prediction process in step S21 will be described later with reference to FIG. 6.
- prediction processes in all candidate prediction modes are performed, and cost functions in all candidate prediction modes are obtained. Each value is calculated.
- the optimal intra prediction mode is selected, and the predicted image generated by the intra prediction in the optimal intra prediction mode and its cost function value are supplied to the predicted image selection unit 78.
- the optimal inter prediction mode is determined from the inter prediction mode and the inter template prediction mode, and the predicted image generated in the optimal inter prediction mode and its cost function value are predicted. The image is supplied to the image selection unit 78.
- step S ⁇ b> 22 the predicted image selection unit 78 optimizes one of the optimal intra prediction mode and the optimal inter prediction mode based on the cost function values output from the intra prediction unit 74 and the motion prediction / compensation unit 75. Determine the prediction mode. Then, the predicted image selection unit 78 selects the predicted image of the determined optimal prediction mode and supplies it to the calculation units 63 and 70. As described above, this predicted image is used for the calculations in steps S13 and S18.
- the prediction image selection information is supplied to the intra prediction unit 74 or the motion prediction / compensation unit 75.
- the intra prediction unit 74 supplies information related to the optimal intra prediction mode (that is, intra prediction mode information) to the lossless encoding unit 66.
- the motion prediction / compensation unit 75 When a prediction image in the optimal inter prediction mode is selected, the motion prediction / compensation unit 75 includes information on the optimal inter prediction mode and information corresponding to the optimal inter prediction mode (such as motion vector information, flag information, and reference frame information). ) Is output to the lossless encoding unit 66. More specifically, when a prediction image in the inter prediction mode is selected as the optimal inter prediction mode, the motion prediction / compensation unit 75 converts the inter prediction mode information, motion vector information, and reference frame information into a lossless encoding unit. 66.
- the motion prediction / compensation unit 75 outputs only the inter template prediction mode information to the lossless encoding unit 66. That is, since motion vector information and the like do not need to be sent to the decoding side, they are not output to the lossless encoding unit 66. Therefore, motion vector information in the compressed image can be reduced.
- the lossless encoding unit 66 encodes the quantized transform coefficient output from the quantization unit 65. That is, the difference image is subjected to lossless encoding such as variable length encoding and arithmetic encoding, and is compressed. At this time, the information corresponding to the intra prediction mode information from the intra prediction unit 74 or the optimal inter prediction mode from the motion prediction / compensation unit 75 (prediction mode) input to the lossless encoding unit 66 in step S22 described above. Information, motion vector information, reference frame information, etc.) are also encoded and added to the header information.
- step S24 the accumulation buffer 67 accumulates the difference image as a compressed image.
- the compressed image stored in the storage buffer 67 is appropriately read and transmitted to the decoding side via the transmission path.
- step S25 the rate control unit 79 controls the quantization operation rate of the quantization unit 65 based on the compressed image stored in the storage buffer 67 so that overflow or underflow does not occur.
- the decoded image to be referred to is read from the frame memory 72, and the intra prediction unit 74 via the switch 73. To be supplied. Based on these images, in step S31, the intra prediction unit 74 performs intra prediction on the pixels of the block to be processed in all candidate intra prediction modes. Note that pixels that have not been deblocked filtered by the deblocking filter 71 are used as decoded pixels that are referred to.
- intra prediction is performed in all candidate intra prediction modes, and for all candidate intra prediction modes.
- a cost function value is calculated.
- the optimal intra prediction mode is selected, and the predicted image generated by the intra prediction in the optimal intra prediction mode and its cost function value are supplied to the predicted image selection unit 78.
- the processing target image supplied from the screen rearrangement buffer 62 is an image to be inter-processed
- the referenced image is read from the frame memory 72 and supplied to the motion prediction / compensation unit 75 via the switch 73.
- the motion prediction / compensation unit 75 performs an inter motion prediction process. That is, the motion prediction / compensation unit 75 refers to the image supplied from the frame memory 72 and performs motion prediction processing in all candidate inter prediction modes.
- step S32 Details of the inter motion prediction process in step S32 will be described later with reference to FIG. 10. With this process, the motion prediction process is performed in all candidate inter prediction modes, and all candidate inter prediction modes are set. On the other hand, a cost function value is calculated.
- the processing target image supplied from the screen rearrangement buffer 62 is an inter-processed image
- the referenced image is read out from the frame memory 72 and passed through the switch 73 and the motion prediction / compensation unit 75.
- the template motion prediction / compensation unit 76 is also supplied. Based on these images, the template motion prediction / compensation unit 76 performs an inter template motion prediction process in step S33.
- the motion prediction process is performed in the inter template prediction mode, and the cost function value is calculated for the inter template prediction mode. Is done. Then, the predicted image generated by the motion prediction process in the inter template prediction mode and its cost function value are supplied to the motion prediction / compensation unit 75. In addition, when there exists information (for example, prediction mode information etc.) according to the inter template prediction mode, it is also supplied to the motion prediction / compensation unit 75.
- information for example, prediction mode information etc.
- step S34 the motion prediction / compensation unit 75 compares the cost function value for the inter prediction mode calculated in step S32 with the cost function value for the inter template prediction mode calculated in step S33.
- the prediction mode giving the minimum value is determined as the optimum inter prediction mode.
- the motion prediction / compensation unit 75 supplies the predicted image generated in the optimal inter prediction mode and its cost function value to the predicted image selection unit 78.
- step S31 in FIG. 6 will be described with reference to the flowchart in FIG.
- a case of a luminance signal will be described as an example.
- step S41 the intra prediction unit 74 performs intra prediction for each of the 4 ⁇ 4 pixel, 8 ⁇ 8 pixel, and 16 ⁇ 16 pixel intra prediction modes.
- the luminance signal intra prediction modes include nine types of 4 ⁇ 4 pixel and 8 ⁇ 8 pixel block units, and four types of 16 ⁇ 16 pixel macroblock unit prediction modes. There are four types of prediction modes in units of 8 ⁇ 8 pixel blocks.
- the color difference signal intra prediction mode can be set independently of the luminance signal intra prediction mode.
- the 4 ⁇ 4 pixel and 8 ⁇ 8 pixel intra prediction modes of the luminance signal one intra prediction mode is defined for each block of the luminance signal of 4 ⁇ 4 pixels and 8 ⁇ 8 pixels.
- the 16 ⁇ 16 pixel intra prediction mode for luminance signals and the intra prediction mode for color difference signals one prediction mode is defined for one macroblock.
- Prediction mode 2 is average value prediction.
- the processing target image for example, pixels a to p
- the decoded image pixels A to M
- the intra prediction unit 74 is supplied to the intra prediction unit 74 via the switch 73.
- the intra prediction unit 74 performs intra prediction on the pixels of the block to be processed. By performing this intra prediction process in each intra prediction mode, a prediction image in each intra prediction mode is generated. Note that, as decoded pixels to be referred to (pixels A to M), pixels that have not been deblocked by the deblocking filter 71 are used.
- the intra prediction unit 74 calculates a cost function value for each intra prediction mode of 4 ⁇ 4 pixels, 8 ⁇ 8 pixels, and 16 ⁇ 16 pixels.
- H. As defined by JM (Joint Model), which is reference software in the H.264 / AVC format, this is performed based on either the High Complexity Mode or the Low Complexity Mode.
- step S41 As a process in step S41, all the prediction modes that are candidates are subjected to the encoding process, and the cost function value represented by the following equation (5) is set in each prediction mode.
- the prediction mode that calculates and gives the minimum value is selected as the optimum prediction mode.
- D a difference (distortion) between the original image and the decoded image
- R is a generated code amount including up to the orthogonal transform coefficient
- ⁇ is a Lagrange multiplier given as a function of the quantization parameter QP.
- step S41 prediction image generation and header bits such as motion vector information, prediction mode information, and flag information are calculated for all candidate prediction modes. Then, the cost function value represented by the following equation (6) is calculated for each prediction mode, and the prediction mode that gives the minimum value is selected as the optimum prediction mode.
- Cost (Mode) D + QPtoQuant (QP) ⁇ Header_Bit (6)
- D is a difference (distortion) between the original image and the decoded image
- Header_Bit is a header bit for the prediction mode
- QPtoQuant is a function given as a function of the quantization parameter QP.
- the intra prediction unit 74 determines an optimum mode for each of the 4 ⁇ 4 pixel, 8 ⁇ 8 pixel, and 16 ⁇ 16 pixel intra prediction modes. That is, as described above with reference to FIG. 8, in the case of the intra 4 ⁇ 4 prediction mode and the intra 8 ⁇ 8 prediction mode, there are nine types of prediction modes, and in the case of the intra 16 ⁇ 16 prediction mode. There are four types of prediction modes. Therefore, the intra prediction unit 74 selects the optimal intra 4 ⁇ 4 prediction mode, the optimal intra 8 ⁇ 8 prediction mode, and the optimal intra 16 ⁇ 16 prediction mode from among the cost function values calculated in step S42. decide.
- the intra prediction unit 74 calculates the cost calculated in step S42 from among the optimum modes determined for the 4 ⁇ 4 pixel, 8 ⁇ 8 pixel, and 16 ⁇ 16 pixel intra prediction modes in step S44.
- the optimal intra prediction mode is selected based on the function value. That is, the mode having the minimum cost function value is selected as the optimal intra prediction mode from among the optimal modes determined for 4 ⁇ 4 pixels, 8 ⁇ 8 pixels, and 16 ⁇ 16 pixels.
- the intra prediction unit 74 supplies the predicted image generated in the optimal intra prediction mode and its cost function value to the predicted image selection unit 78.
- step S51 the motion prediction / compensation unit 75 determines a motion vector and a reference image for each of the eight types of inter prediction modes including 16 ⁇ 16 pixels to 4 ⁇ 4 pixels described above with reference to FIG. . That is, a motion vector and a reference image are determined for each block to be processed in each inter prediction mode.
- step S52 the motion prediction / compensation unit 75 performs motion prediction on the reference image based on the motion vector determined in step S51 for each of the eight types of inter prediction modes including 16 ⁇ 16 pixels to 4 ⁇ 4 pixels. Perform compensation processing. By this motion prediction and compensation processing, a prediction image in each inter prediction mode is generated.
- step S53 the motion prediction / compensation unit 75 adds motion vector information for adding to the compressed image the motion vectors determined for each of the eight types of inter prediction modes including 16 ⁇ 16 pixels to 4 ⁇ 4 pixels. Is generated.
- FIG. 11 A method for generating motion vector information according to the H.264 / AVC format will be described.
- a target block E to be encoded for example, 16 ⁇ 16 pixels
- blocks A to D that have already been encoded and are adjacent to the target block E are shown.
- the block D is adjacent to the upper left of the target block E
- the block B is adjacent to the upper side of the target block E
- the block C is adjacent to the upper right of the target block E
- the block A is , Adjacent to the left of the target block E.
- the blocks A to D are not divided represent blocks having any one of the 16 ⁇ 16 pixels to 4 ⁇ 4 pixels described above with reference to FIG.
- the predicted motion vector information for the current block E pmv E is block A, B, by using the motion vector information on C, is generated as in the following equation by median prediction (7).
- processing is performed independently for each of the horizontal and vertical components of the motion vector information.
- the motion vector information is generated by generating the motion vector information and adding the difference between the motion vector information and the motion vector information generated by the correlation with the adjacent block to the header portion of the compressed image. Can be reduced.
- the motion vector information generated as described above is also used when calculating the cost function value in the next step S54.
- the predicted image selection unit 78 When the corresponding predicted image is finally selected by the predicted image selection unit 78, Along with the prediction mode information and the reference frame information, it is output to the lossless encoding unit 66.
- step S54 the motion prediction / compensation unit 75 performs the above-described Expression (5) or Expression (6) for each of the eight types of inter prediction modes including 16 ⁇ 16 pixels to 4 ⁇ 4 pixels. ) Is calculated.
- the cost function value calculated here is used when determining the optimum inter prediction mode in step S34 of FIG. 6 described above.
- step S71 the template motion prediction / compensation unit 76 performs motion prediction and compensation processing in the inter template prediction mode for the reference frame that is closest to the target frame on the time axis. That is, the template motion prediction / compensation unit 76 searches for a motion vector based on the inter template matching method for the reference frame having the shortest distance on the time axis with respect to the target frame. Then, the template motion prediction / compensation unit 76 performs motion prediction and compensation processing on the reference image based on the searched motion vector, and generates a predicted image.
- a target frame to be encoded and a reference frame to be referred to when searching for a motion vector are shown.
- a target frame a target block A that is about to be encoded and a template region B that is adjacent to the target block A and includes already encoded pixels are shown. That is, when the encoding process is performed in the raster scan order, the template area B is an area located on the left and upper side of the target block A, as shown in FIG. 13, and the decoded image is accumulated in the frame memory 72. It is an area.
- the template motion prediction / compensation unit 76 performs a template matching process using, for example, SAD (Sum of Absolute Difference) etc. within a predetermined search range E on the reference frame, and the correlation with the pixel value of the template region B Search for the highest region B ′. Then, the template motion prediction / compensation unit 76 searches for the motion vector P for the target block A using the block A ′ corresponding to the searched area B ′ as a predicted image for the target block A.
- SAD Sud of Absolute Difference
- the motion vector search process by the inter template matching method uses a decoded image for the template matching process
- the predetermined search range E is determined in advance, so that the image encoding apparatus 51 of FIG.
- the same processing can be performed in the image decoding apparatus 101 of FIG. That is, also in the image decoding apparatus 101, by configuring the template motion prediction / compensation unit 123, it is not necessary to send the information of the motion vector P for the target block A to the image decoding apparatus 101. Therefore, motion vector information in the compressed image Can be reduced.
- the sizes of blocks and templates in the inter template prediction mode are arbitrary. That is, like the motion prediction / compensation unit 75, one block size can be fixed from the eight types of block sizes of 16 ⁇ 16 pixels to 4 ⁇ 4 pixels described above with reference to FIG.
- the block size can also be used as a candidate.
- the template size may be variable or fixed.
- a plurality of reference frames can be stored in a memory as described above with reference to FIG. 4, and different reference frames can be referred to in each block of one target frame. .
- performing motion prediction using the inter-template matching method for all reference frames that are candidates for multi-reference frames results in an increase in the amount of calculation.
- the template motion prediction / compensation unit 76 in step S72 performs the MRF search center calculation unit 77. Then, the search center on the reference frame is calculated. Then, in step S73, the template motion prediction / compensation unit 76 performs motion search within a predetermined range composed of several pixels around the search center calculated by the MRF search center calculation unit 77, performs compensation processing, and performs prediction. Generate an image.
- the time axis t represents the passage of time.
- Equation (9) requires division, but in reality, M and N are integers, and t 1 / t 0 is approximated in the form of N / 2 M , so that a shift operation including rounding is performed. Can be realized.
- the reference picture number ref_id 1 reference search center mv predetermined range E 1 near the c on the frame, together with the adjacent to the subject block A on the target frame, already coded A region B 1 having the highest correlation with the pixel value of the template region B composed of the pixels is searched.
- the motion vector tmmv 1 for the target block A is searched using the block A 1 corresponding to the searched area B 1 as a predicted image for the target block A.
- a motion vector search range is obtained by scaling the motion vector obtained in the reference frame immediately before on the time axis by the distance on the time axis with respect to the target frame with respect to the next reference frame.
- the range is limited to a predetermined range centered on the center.
- step S74 the template motion prediction / compensation unit 76 determines whether or not the processing for all reference frames has been completed. If it is determined in step S74 that the process has not been completed yet, the process returns to step S72, and the subsequent processes are repeated.
- step S73 the template motion prediction and compensation unit 76 performs motion search in a predetermined range E 2 around the search center mv c obtained by Equation (10), performs compensation processing, predicted image Is generated.
- step S74 If it is determined in step S74 that the processing for all the reference frames has been completed, the processing proceeds to step S75.
- step S75 the template motion prediction / compensation unit 76 determines an inter template mode predicted image for the target block from the predicted images for all reference frames obtained in the process of step S71 or S73.
- the one with the smallest prediction error calculated using SAD (Sum of Absolute Difference) is determined as the prediction image for the target block.
- step S75 the template motion prediction / compensation unit 76 calculates the cost function value represented by the above-described formula (5) or formula (6) for the inter template prediction mode.
- the cost function value calculated here is supplied to the motion prediction / compensation unit 75 together with the determined predicted image, and is used when determining the optimal inter prediction mode in step S34 of FIG. 6 described above.
- the motion vector information obtained in the reference frame immediately before on the time axis is used.
- the search center in the next reference frame is obtained, and the motion search is performed using it.
- the reference picture number ref_id is assigned by default, but the user can change the reference picture number ref_id.
- FIG. 16 The default reference picture number ref_id allocation in the H.264 / AVC format is shown, and FIG. 16 shows an example of allocation of the reference picture number ref_id changed by the user. In FIG. 15 and FIG. 16, time passes from left to right.
- reference picture numbers ref_id are assigned in order from the reference picture that is temporally closest to the current picture to be encoded.
- the reference picture number ref_id is assigned to the current picture to be encoded in order from the reference picture closest in time, thereby reducing the amount of code required for the reference picture number ref_id. can do.
- the code amount can be reduced by assigning the reference picture number ref_id as in the example of FIG.
- the motion prediction / compensation processing in the inter template prediction mode described above with reference to FIG. 14 is performed in the reference frame order in which the distance on the time axis is close to the target frame, that is, the reference picture number ref_id. In ascending order.
- the reference frames are not in the order of the reference frames whose distance on the time axis is close to the target frame, but are performed in ascending order of the reference picture number ref_id. That is, when there is a reference picture number ref_id, the motion prediction / compensation processing in the inter template prediction mode of FIG. 14 is performed in ascending order of the reference picture number ref_id.
- the information for identifying the reference frame is not limited to the reference picture number ref_id.
- the reference frames are processed in the order closer to the temporal axis from the target picture in both the forward prediction and the backward prediction.
- a short-term reference picture (Short Term Reference Picture) and a long-term reference picture (Long Term Reference Picture) are defined.
- Short Term Reference Picture Short Term Reference Picture
- Long Term Reference Picture Long Term Reference Picture
- FIFO First_In_First_Out
- the motion prediction / compensation process in the inter template prediction mode described above with reference to FIG. 14 is applied only to the short-time reference picture.
- motion prediction / compensation processing in the normal inter template prediction mode similar to the processing in step S71 of FIG. 12 is executed. That is, in the case of a long-time reference picture, inter template motion prediction processing is performed within a predetermined search range set in advance on a reference frame.
- a target frame Fn to be encoded and encoded frames Fn-5,..., Fn-1 are shown.
- the frame Fn-1 is a frame immediately before the target frame Fn
- the frame Fn-2 is a frame two before the target frame Fn
- the frame Fn-3 is three frames before the target frame Fn. It is a frame.
- the frame Fn-4 is a frame four times before the target frame Fn
- the frame Fn-5 is a frame five times before the target frame Fn.
- the block An is indicated in the target frame Fn.
- the block An is assumed to be correlated with the block An-1 of the previous frame Fn-1, the motion vector Vn-1 is searched, and the block An-2 is correlated with the block An-2 of the previous frame Fn-2. Assuming that there is a motion vector Vn-2, the motion vector Vn-3 is searched for as having a correlation with the block An-3 of the previous frame Fn-3.
- Pred is a predicted image
- Ref (id) is a reference image whose reference frame ID is id even for N such that N> 3. Then, it is possible to generate a predicted image as shown in Expression (12).
- the encoded compressed image is transmitted via a predetermined transmission path and decoded by an image decoding device.
- FIG. 18 shows the configuration of an embodiment of such an image decoding apparatus.
- the image decoding apparatus 101 includes a storage buffer 111, a lossless decoding unit 112, an inverse quantization unit 113, an inverse orthogonal transform unit 114, a calculation unit 115, a deblock filter 116, a screen rearrangement buffer 117, a D / A conversion unit 118, a frame
- the memory 119, the switch 120, the intra prediction unit 121, the motion prediction / compensation unit 122, the template motion prediction / compensation unit 123, the MRF search center calculation unit 124, and the switch 125 are configured.
- the accumulation buffer 111 accumulates the transmitted compressed image.
- the lossless decoding unit 112 decodes the information supplied from the accumulation buffer 111 and encoded by the lossless encoding unit 66 in FIG. 1 using a method corresponding to the encoding method of the lossless encoding unit 66.
- the inverse quantization unit 113 inversely quantizes the image decoded by the lossless decoding unit 112 by a method corresponding to the quantization method of the quantization unit 65 of FIG.
- the inverse orthogonal transform unit 114 performs inverse orthogonal transform on the output of the inverse quantization unit 113 by a method corresponding to the orthogonal transform method of the orthogonal transform unit 64 in FIG.
- the output subjected to inverse orthogonal transform is added to the prediction image supplied from the switch 125 by the arithmetic unit 115 and decoded.
- the deblocking filter 116 removes block distortion of the decoded image, and then supplies the frame to the frame memory 119 for storage and outputs it to the screen rearrangement buffer 117.
- the screen rearrangement buffer 117 rearranges images. That is, the order of frames rearranged for the encoding order by the screen rearrangement buffer 62 in FIG. 1 is rearranged in the original display order.
- the D / A conversion unit 118 performs D / A conversion on the image supplied from the screen rearrangement buffer 117, and outputs and displays the image on a display (not shown).
- the switch 120 reads an image to be inter-processed and a reference image from the frame memory 119 and outputs them to the motion prediction / compensation unit 122, and also reads an image used for intra prediction from the frame memory 119 and sends it to the intra prediction unit 121. Supply.
- the intra prediction unit 121 is supplied with information about the intra prediction mode obtained by decoding the header information from the lossless decoding unit 112.
- the intra prediction unit 121 generates a prediction image based on this information, and outputs the generated prediction image to the switch 125.
- prediction mode information (prediction mode information, motion vector information, reference frame information) obtained by decoding header information is supplied from the lossless decoding unit 112 to the motion prediction / compensation unit 122.
- the motion prediction / compensation unit 122 performs motion prediction and compensation processing on the image based on the motion vector information and the reference frame information, and generates a predicted image.
- the motion prediction / compensation unit 122 supplies the inter-processed image read from the frame memory 119 and the referred image to the template motion prediction / compensation unit 123. Then, motion prediction / compensation processing in the inter template prediction mode is performed.
- the motion prediction / compensation unit 122 outputs either the prediction image generated in the inter prediction mode or the prediction image generated in the inter template prediction mode to the switch 125 according to the prediction mode information.
- the template motion prediction / compensation unit 123 performs inter template prediction mode motion prediction and compensation processing based on the inter-processed image read from the frame memory 119 and the referenced image, and generates a predicted image.
- This motion prediction / compensation process is basically the same as the process of the template motion prediction / compensation unit 76 of the image encoding device 51.
- the template motion prediction / compensation unit 123 performs inter template prediction mode motion search within a predetermined range for a reference frame that is closest to the target frame on the time axis among a plurality of reference frames. Then, a compensation process is performed to generate a predicted image. On the other hand, for other reference frames, the template motion prediction / compensation unit 123 performs a motion search in the inter template prediction mode in a predetermined range around the search center calculated by the MRF search center calculation unit 124, and compensates for it. Processing is performed to generate a predicted image.
- the template motion prediction / compensation unit 123 performs the inter processing read from the frame memory 119.
- the image to be processed and the image to be referred to are supplied to the MRF search center calculation unit 124.
- the motion vector information searched for the reference frame immediately before on the time axis of the reference frame to be searched is also supplied to the MRF search center calculation unit 124.
- the template motion prediction / compensation unit 123 determines a prediction image with the smallest prediction error among prediction images generated for a plurality of reference frames as a prediction image for the target block. Then, the template motion prediction / compensation unit 123 supplies the determined prediction image to the motion prediction / compensation unit 122.
- the MRF search center calculation unit 124 uses the motion vector information searched for the reference frame immediately before the reference frame to be searched among the plurality of reference frames, and moves in the reference frame to be searched. Calculate the search center of the vector. This calculation process is basically the same as the process of the MRF search center calculation unit 77 of the image encoding device 51.
- the switch 125 selects the prediction image generated by the motion prediction / compensation unit 122 or the intra prediction unit 121 and supplies the selected prediction image to the calculation unit 115.
- step S131 the storage buffer 111 stores the transmitted image.
- step S132 the lossless decoding unit 112 decodes the compressed image supplied from the accumulation buffer 111. That is, the I picture, P picture, and B picture encoded by the lossless encoding unit 66 in FIG. 1 are decoded.
- motion vector information reference frame information
- prediction mode information information indicating an intra prediction mode, an inter prediction mode, or an inter template prediction mode
- flag information are also decoded.
- the prediction mode information is supplied to the intra prediction unit 121.
- the prediction mode information is inter prediction mode information
- motion vector information corresponding to the prediction mode information is supplied to the motion prediction / compensation unit 122.
- the prediction mode information is inter template prediction mode information
- the prediction mode information is supplied to the motion prediction / compensation unit 122.
- step S133 the inverse quantization unit 113 inversely quantizes the transform coefficient decoded by the lossless decoding unit 112 with characteristics corresponding to the characteristics of the quantization unit 65 in FIG.
- step S134 the inverse orthogonal transform unit 114 performs inverse orthogonal transform on the transform coefficient inversely quantized by the inverse quantization unit 113 with characteristics corresponding to the characteristics of the orthogonal transform unit 64 in FIG. As a result, the difference information corresponding to the input of the orthogonal transform unit 64 of FIG. 1 (the output of the calculation unit 63) is decoded.
- step S135 the calculation unit 115 adds the prediction image selected in the process of step S141 described later and input via the switch 125 to the difference information. As a result, the original image is decoded.
- step S136 the deblocking filter 116 filters the image output from the calculation unit 115. Thereby, block distortion is removed.
- step S137 the frame memory 119 stores the filtered image.
- step S138 the intra prediction unit 121, the motion prediction / compensation unit 122, or the template motion prediction / compensation unit 123 performs an image prediction process corresponding to the prediction mode information supplied from the lossless decoding unit 112, respectively.
- the intra prediction unit 121 performs an intra prediction process in the intra prediction mode.
- the motion prediction / compensation unit 122 performs a motion prediction / compensation process in the inter prediction mode.
- the template motion prediction / compensation unit 123 performs a motion prediction / compensation process in the inter template prediction mode.
- step S138 the prediction image generated by the intra prediction unit 121, the prediction image generated by the motion prediction / compensation unit 122, or the template motion
- the predicted image generated by the prediction / compensation unit 123 is supplied to the switch 125.
- step S139 the switch 125 selects a predicted image. That is, a prediction image generated by the intra prediction unit 121, a prediction image generated by the motion prediction / compensation unit 122, or a prediction image generated by the template motion prediction / compensation unit 123 is supplied. An image is selected and supplied to the calculation unit 115, and is added to the output of the inverse orthogonal transform unit 114 in step S134 as described above.
- step S140 the screen rearrangement buffer 117 performs rearrangement. That is, the order of frames rearranged for encoding by the screen rearrangement buffer 62 of the image encoding device 51 is rearranged to the original display order.
- step S141 the D / A conversion unit 118 D / A converts the image from the screen rearrangement buffer 117. This image is output to a display (not shown), and the image is displayed.
- step S171 the intra prediction unit 121 determines whether the target block is intra-coded.
- the intra prediction unit 121 determines in step 171 that the target block is intra-coded, and the process proceeds to step S172. .
- step S172 the intra prediction unit 121 performs intra prediction. That is, when the image to be processed is an image to be intra-processed, a necessary image is read from the frame memory 119 and supplied to the intra prediction unit 121 via the switch 120. In step S172, the intra prediction unit 121 performs intra prediction according to the intra prediction mode information supplied from the lossless decoding unit 112, and generates a predicted image. The generated prediction image is output to the switch 125.
- step S171 determines whether the intra encoding has been performed. If it is determined in step S171 that the intra encoding has not been performed, the process proceeds to step S173.
- the inter prediction mode information, the reference frame information, and the motion vector information are supplied from the lossless decoding unit 112 to the motion prediction / compensation unit 122.
- the motion prediction / compensation unit 122 determines whether or not the prediction mode information from the lossless decoding unit 112 is inter prediction mode information.
- the motion prediction / compensation unit 122 determines that the prediction mode information is inter prediction mode information, in step S174. , Perform inter motion prediction.
- step S174 the motion prediction / compensation unit 122 performs motion prediction in the inter prediction mode based on the motion vector supplied from the lossless decoding unit 112, and generates a predicted image.
- the generated prediction image is output to the switch 125.
- step S173 If it is determined in step S173 that the information is not inter prediction mode information, that is, if it is inter template prediction mode information, the process proceeds to step S175, and inter template motion prediction processing is performed.
- step S175 The inter template motion prediction process in step S175 will be described with reference to the flowchart in FIG.
- the processes in steps S191 to S195 in FIG. 21 are basically the same as the processes in steps S71 to S75 in FIG.
- a necessary image is read from the frame memory 119 and supplied to the template motion prediction / compensation unit 123 via the switch 120 and the motion prediction / compensation unit 122.
- step S191 the template motion prediction / compensation unit 123 performs motion prediction and compensation processing in the inter template prediction mode for the reference frame that is closest to the target frame on the time axis. That is, the template motion prediction / compensation unit 123 searches for a motion vector based on the inter template matching method for the reference frame having the shortest distance on the time axis with respect to the target frame. Then, the template motion prediction / compensation unit 123 performs motion prediction and compensation processing on the reference image based on the searched motion vector, and generates a predicted image.
- step S192 the template motion prediction / compensation unit 123 performs a motion search for reference frames other than the reference frame closest to the target frame on the time axis among the plurality of reference frames.
- the search center on the reference frame is calculated.
- step S193 the template motion prediction / compensation unit 123 performs a motion search within a predetermined range around the search center calculated by the MRF search center calculation unit 124, performs a compensation process, and generates a predicted image. To do.
- the template motion prediction / compensation unit 123 determines in step S194 whether or not the processing for all reference frames has been completed. If it is determined in step S194 that the process has not ended yet, the process returns to step S192, and the subsequent processes are repeated.
- step S194 If it is determined in step S194 that the processing for all reference frames has been completed, the processing proceeds to step S195.
- step S195 the template motion prediction / compensation unit 123 determines an inter template mode predicted image for the target block from the predicted images for all reference frames obtained in the process of step S191 or S193.
- the prediction image for the target block is determined as the prediction image for the target block, and the determined prediction image is a motion
- the voltage is supplied to the switch 125 via the prediction / compensation unit 122.
- the search center in the next reference frame is determined using the motion vector information obtained in the previous reference frame on the time axis. I asked for it and used it to do motion search. As a result, it is possible to suppress an increase in the amount of computation while minimizing a decrease in encoding efficiency.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an example of the expanded macro block size.
- the macroblock size is expanded to 32 ⁇ 32 pixels.
- a macroblock composed of 32 ⁇ 32 pixels divided into blocks (partitions) of 32 ⁇ 32 pixels, 32 ⁇ 16 pixels, 16 ⁇ 32 pixels, and 16 ⁇ 16 pixels. They are shown in order.
- a block composed of 16 ⁇ 16 pixels divided into blocks of 16 ⁇ 16 pixels, 16 ⁇ 8 pixels, 8 ⁇ 16 pixels, and 8 ⁇ 8 pixels is sequentially shown from the left. Yes.
- an 8 ⁇ 8 pixel block divided into 8 ⁇ 8 pixel, 8 ⁇ 4 pixel, 4 ⁇ 8 pixel, and 4 ⁇ 4 pixel blocks is sequentially shown from the left. .
- the 32 ⁇ 32 pixel macroblock can be processed in the 32 ⁇ 32 pixel, 32 ⁇ 16 pixel, 16 ⁇ 32 pixel, and 16 ⁇ 16 pixel blocks shown in the upper part of FIG.
- the 16 ⁇ 16 pixel block shown on the right side of the upper row is H.264.
- processing in blocks of 16 ⁇ 16 pixels, 16 ⁇ 8 pixels, 8 ⁇ 16 pixels, and 8 ⁇ 8 pixels shown in the middle stage is possible.
- the 8 ⁇ 8 pixel block shown on the right side of the middle row is H.264.
- processing in blocks of 8 ⁇ 8 pixels, 8 ⁇ 4 pixels, 4 ⁇ 8 pixels, and 4 ⁇ 4 pixels shown in the lower stage is possible.
- the present invention can also be applied to the extended macroblock size proposed as described above.
- H.264 / AVC system is used, but other encoding / decoding systems may be used.
- image information (bit stream) compressed by orthogonal transform such as discrete cosine transform and motion compensation, such as MPEG, H.26x, etc. is converted into satellite broadcast, cable TV (television), Applied to image encoding and decoding devices used when receiving via the Internet and network media such as mobile phones, or when processing on storage media such as optical, magnetic disks, and flash memory can do.
- the present invention can also be applied to motion prediction / compensation devices included in such image encoding devices and image decoding devices.
- the series of processes described above can be executed by hardware or can be executed by software.
- a program constituting the software executes various functions by installing a computer incorporated in dedicated hardware or various programs. For example, it is installed from a program recording medium in a general-purpose personal computer or the like.
- Program recording media that store programs that are installed in the computer and can be executed by the computer are magnetic disks (including flexible disks), optical disks (CD-ROM (Compact Disc-Read Only Memory), DVD (Digital Versatile). Disk), a magneto-optical disk), or a removable medium that is a package medium made of semiconductor memory, or a ROM or hard disk in which a program is temporarily or permanently stored.
- the program is stored in the program recording medium using a wired or wireless communication medium such as a local area network, the Internet, or digital satellite broadcasting via an interface such as a router or a modem as necessary.
- the steps for describing a program are not only processes performed in time series in the order described, but also processes that are executed in parallel or individually even if they are not necessarily processed in time series. Is also included.
- the image encoding device 51 and the image decoding device 101 described above can be applied to any electronic device. Examples thereof will be described below.
- FIG. 23 is a block diagram illustrating a main configuration example of a television receiver using an image decoding device to which the present invention has been applied.
- the television receiver 300 shown in FIG. 23 includes a terrestrial tuner 313, a video decoder 315, a video signal processing circuit 318, a graphic generation circuit 319, a panel drive circuit 320, and a display panel 321.
- the terrestrial tuner 313 receives a broadcast wave signal of terrestrial analog broadcast via an antenna, demodulates it, acquires a video signal, and supplies it to the video decoder 315.
- the video decoder 315 performs a decoding process on the video signal supplied from the terrestrial tuner 313 and supplies the obtained digital component signal to the video signal processing circuit 318.
- the video signal processing circuit 318 performs predetermined processing such as noise removal on the video data supplied from the video decoder 315, and supplies the obtained video data to the graphic generation circuit 319.
- the graphic generation circuit 319 generates video data of a program to be displayed on the display panel 321, image data based on processing based on an application supplied via a network, and the generated video data and image data to the panel drive circuit 320. Supply.
- the graphic generation circuit 319 generates video data (graphic) for displaying a screen used by the user for selecting an item, and superimposing the video data on the video data of the program.
- a process of supplying data to the panel drive circuit 320 is also performed as appropriate.
- the panel drive circuit 320 drives the display panel 321 based on the data supplied from the graphic generation circuit 319, and causes the display panel 321 to display the video of the program and the various screens described above.
- the display panel 321 includes an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) or the like, and displays a program video or the like according to control by the panel drive circuit 320.
- LCD Liquid Crystal Display
- the television receiver 300 also includes an audio A / D (Analog / Digital) conversion circuit 314, an audio signal processing circuit 322, an echo cancellation / audio synthesis circuit 323, an audio amplification circuit 324, and a speaker 325.
- an audio A / D (Analog / Digital) conversion circuit 3144 an audio signal processing circuit 322, an echo cancellation / audio synthesis circuit 323, an audio amplification circuit 324, and a speaker 325.
- the terrestrial tuner 313 acquires not only the video signal but also the audio signal by demodulating the received broadcast wave signal.
- the terrestrial tuner 313 supplies the acquired audio signal to the audio A / D conversion circuit 314.
- the audio A / D conversion circuit 314 performs A / D conversion processing on the audio signal supplied from the terrestrial tuner 313, and supplies the obtained digital audio signal to the audio signal processing circuit 322.
- the audio signal processing circuit 322 performs predetermined processing such as noise removal on the audio data supplied from the audio A / D conversion circuit 314 and supplies the obtained audio data to the echo cancellation / audio synthesis circuit 323.
- the echo cancellation / voice synthesis circuit 323 supplies the voice data supplied from the voice signal processing circuit 322 to the voice amplification circuit 324.
- the audio amplification circuit 324 performs D / A conversion processing and amplification processing on the audio data supplied from the echo cancellation / audio synthesis circuit 323, adjusts to a predetermined volume, and then outputs the audio from the speaker 325.
- the television receiver 300 also has a digital tuner 316 and an MPEG decoder 317.
- the digital tuner 316 receives a broadcast wave signal of digital broadcasting (terrestrial digital broadcasting, BS (Broadcasting Satellite) / CS (Communications Satellite) digital broadcasting) via an antenna, demodulates, and MPEG-TS (Moving Picture Experts Group). -Transport Stream) and supply it to the MPEG decoder 317.
- digital broadcasting terrestrial digital broadcasting, BS (Broadcasting Satellite) / CS (Communications Satellite) digital broadcasting
- MPEG-TS Motion Picture Experts Group
- the MPEG decoder 317 releases the scramble applied to the MPEG-TS supplied from the digital tuner 316, and extracts a stream including program data to be played (viewing target).
- the MPEG decoder 317 decodes the audio packet constituting the extracted stream, supplies the obtained audio data to the audio signal processing circuit 322, decodes the video packet constituting the stream, and converts the obtained video data into the video
- the signal is supplied to the signal processing circuit 318.
- the MPEG decoder 317 supplies EPG (Electronic Program Guide) data extracted from the MPEG-TS to the CPU 332 via a path (not shown).
- the television receiver 300 uses the above-described image decoding device 101 as the MPEG decoder 317 that decodes the video packet in this way. Therefore, as in the case of the image decoding apparatus 101, the MPEG decoder 317 is obtained with the reference frame immediately before on the time axis when performing the motion prediction / compensation processing in the inter-template prediction mode of the multi-reference frame. Using the motion vector information, a search center in the next reference frame is obtained, and a motion search is performed using the search center. As a result, it is possible to reduce the amount of calculation while minimizing a decrease in encoding efficiency.
- the video data supplied from the MPEG decoder 317 is subjected to predetermined processing in the video signal processing circuit 318 as in the case of the video data supplied from the video decoder 315.
- the video data that has been subjected to the predetermined processing is appropriately superposed on the generated video data in the graphic generation circuit 319 and supplied to the display panel 321 via the panel drive circuit 320 to display the image. .
- the audio data supplied from the MPEG decoder 317 is subjected to predetermined processing in the audio signal processing circuit 322 as in the case of the audio data supplied from the audio A / D conversion circuit 314.
- the audio data that has been subjected to the predetermined processing is supplied to the audio amplifying circuit 324 via the echo cancel / audio synthesizing circuit 323, and subjected to D / A conversion processing and amplification processing.
- sound adjusted to a predetermined volume is output from the speaker 325.
- the television receiver 300 also has a microphone 326 and an A / D conversion circuit 327.
- the A / D conversion circuit 327 receives the user's voice signal captured by the microphone 326 provided in the television receiver 300 for voice conversation.
- the A / D conversion circuit 327 performs A / D conversion processing on the received audio signal, and supplies the obtained digital audio data to the echo cancellation / audio synthesis circuit 323.
- the echo cancellation / audio synthesis circuit 323 When the audio data of the user (user A) of the television receiver 300 is supplied from the A / D conversion circuit 327, the echo cancellation / audio synthesis circuit 323 performs echo cancellation on the audio data of the user A. . The echo cancellation / speech synthesis circuit 323 then outputs voice data obtained by synthesizing with other voice data after echo cancellation from the speaker 325 via the voice amplification circuit 324.
- the television receiver 300 also includes an audio codec 328, an internal bus 329, an SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory) 330, a flash memory 331, a CPU 332, a USB (Universal Serial Bus) I / F 333, and a network I / F 334.
- SDRAM Serial Dynamic Random Access Memory
- USB Universal Serial Bus
- the A / D conversion circuit 327 receives the user's voice signal captured by the microphone 326 provided in the television receiver 300 for voice conversation.
- the A / D conversion circuit 327 performs A / D conversion processing on the received audio signal, and supplies the obtained digital audio data to the audio codec 328.
- the audio codec 328 converts the audio data supplied from the A / D conversion circuit 327 into data of a predetermined format for transmission via the network, and supplies the data to the network I / F 334 via the internal bus 329.
- the network I / F 334 is connected to the network via a cable attached to the network terminal 335.
- the network I / F 334 transmits the audio data supplied from the audio codec 328 to another device connected to the network.
- the network I / F 334 receives, for example, audio data transmitted from another device connected via the network via the network terminal 335, and receives it via the internal bus 329 to the audio codec 328. Supply.
- the voice codec 328 converts the voice data supplied from the network I / F 334 into data of a predetermined format and supplies it to the echo cancellation / voice synthesis circuit 323.
- the echo cancellation / speech synthesis circuit 323 performs echo cancellation on the voice data supplied from the voice codec 328 and synthesizes voice data obtained by synthesizing with other voice data via the voice amplification circuit 324. And output from the speaker 325.
- the SDRAM 330 stores various data necessary for the CPU 332 to perform processing.
- the flash memory 331 stores a program executed by the CPU 332.
- the program stored in the flash memory 331 is read out by the CPU 332 at a predetermined timing such as when the television receiver 300 is activated.
- the flash memory 331 also stores EPG data acquired via digital broadcasting, data acquired from a predetermined server via a network, and the like.
- the flash memory 331 stores MPEG-TS including content data acquired from a predetermined server via a network under the control of the CPU 332.
- the flash memory 331 supplies the MPEG-TS to the MPEG decoder 317 via the internal bus 329 under the control of the CPU 332, for example.
- the MPEG decoder 317 processes the MPEG-TS similarly to the MPEG-TS supplied from the digital tuner 316. As described above, the television receiver 300 receives content data including video and audio via the network, decodes it using the MPEG decoder 317, displays the video, and outputs audio. Can do.
- the television receiver 300 also includes a light receiving unit 337 that receives an infrared signal transmitted from the remote controller 351.
- the light receiving unit 337 receives infrared rays from the remote controller 351 and outputs a control code representing the contents of the user operation obtained by demodulation to the CPU 332.
- the CPU 332 executes a program stored in the flash memory 331, and controls the overall operation of the television receiver 300 according to a control code supplied from the light receiving unit 337.
- the CPU 332 and each part of the television receiver 300 are connected via a path (not shown).
- the USB I / F 333 transmits and receives data to and from an external device of the television receiver 300 connected via a USB cable attached to the USB terminal 336.
- the network I / F 334 is connected to the network via a cable attached to the network terminal 335, and transmits / receives data other than audio data to / from various devices connected to the network.
- the television receiver 300 uses the image decoding apparatus 101 as the MPEG decoder 317, thereby realizing a reduction in the amount of calculation while minimizing a decrease in encoding efficiency. As a result, the television receiver 300 can obtain and display a higher-definition decoded image at a higher speed from a broadcast wave signal received via an antenna or content data obtained via a network. it can.
- FIG. 24 is a block diagram showing a main configuration example of a mobile phone using an image encoding device and an image decoding device to which the present invention is applied.
- a cellular phone 400 shown in FIG. 24 includes a main control unit 450, a power supply circuit unit 451, an operation input control unit 452, an image encoder 453, a camera I / F unit 454, an LCD control, which are configured to control each unit in an integrated manner.
- the mobile phone 400 includes an operation key 419, a CCD (Charge Coupled Devices) camera 416, a liquid crystal display 418, a storage unit 423, a transmission / reception circuit unit 463, an antenna 414, a microphone (microphone) 421, and a speaker 417.
- CCD Charge Coupled Devices
- the power supply circuit unit 451 starts up the mobile phone 400 to an operable state by supplying power from the battery pack to each unit.
- the mobile phone 400 transmits / receives voice signals, sends / receives e-mails and image data in various modes such as a voice call mode and a data communication mode based on the control of the main control unit 450 including a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and the like. Various operations such as shooting or data recording are performed.
- the cellular phone 400 converts a voice signal collected by the microphone (microphone) 421 into digital voice data by the voice codec 459, performs a spectrum spread process by the modulation / demodulation circuit unit 458, and transmits and receives
- the unit 463 performs digital / analog conversion processing and frequency conversion processing.
- the cellular phone 400 transmits the transmission signal obtained by the conversion process to a base station (not shown) via the antenna 414.
- the transmission signal (voice signal) transmitted to the base station is supplied to the mobile phone of the other party via the public telephone line network.
- the cellular phone 400 amplifies the received signal received by the antenna 414 by the transmission / reception circuit unit 463, further performs frequency conversion processing and analog-digital conversion processing, and performs spectrum despreading processing by the modulation / demodulation circuit unit 458. Then, the audio codec 459 converts it into an analog audio signal. The cellular phone 400 outputs an analog audio signal obtained by the conversion from the speaker 417.
- the mobile phone 400 when transmitting an e-mail in the data communication mode, receives the text data of the e-mail input by operating the operation key 419 in the operation input control unit 452.
- the cellular phone 400 processes the text data in the main control unit 450 and displays it on the liquid crystal display 418 as an image via the LCD control unit 455.
- the cellular phone 400 generates e-mail data in the main control unit 450 based on text data received by the operation input control unit 452, user instructions, and the like.
- the cellular phone 400 subjects the electronic mail data to spread spectrum processing by the modulation / demodulation circuit unit 458 and performs digital / analog conversion processing and frequency conversion processing by the transmission / reception circuit unit 463.
- the cellular phone 400 transmits the transmission signal obtained by the conversion process to a base station (not shown) via the antenna 414.
- the transmission signal (e-mail) transmitted to the base station is supplied to a predetermined destination via a network and a mail server.
- the mobile phone 400 when receiving an e-mail in the data communication mode, receives and amplifies the signal transmitted from the base station by the transmission / reception circuit unit 463 via the antenna 414, and further performs frequency conversion processing and Analog-digital conversion processing.
- the mobile phone 400 performs spectrum despreading processing on the received signal by the modulation / demodulation circuit unit 458 to restore the original e-mail data.
- the cellular phone 400 displays the restored e-mail data on the liquid crystal display 418 via the LCD control unit 455.
- the mobile phone 400 can record (store) the received e-mail data in the storage unit 423 via the recording / playback unit 462.
- the storage unit 423 is an arbitrary rewritable storage medium.
- the storage unit 423 may be a semiconductor memory such as a RAM or a built-in flash memory, a hard disk, or a removable disk such as a magnetic disk, a magneto-optical disk, an optical disk, a USB memory, or a memory card. It may be media. Of course, other than these may be used.
- the mobile phone 400 when transmitting image data in the data communication mode, the mobile phone 400 generates image data with the CCD camera 416 by imaging.
- the CCD camera 416 includes an optical device such as a lens and a diaphragm and a CCD as a photoelectric conversion element, images a subject, converts the intensity of received light into an electrical signal, and generates image data of the subject image.
- the image data is converted into encoded image data by compression encoding with a predetermined encoding method such as MPEG2 or MPEG4 by the image encoder 453 via the camera I / F unit 454.
- the cellular phone 400 uses the above-described image encoding device 51 as the image encoder 453 that performs such processing. Therefore, as in the case of the image encoding device 51, the image encoder 453 is obtained from the reference frame immediately before on the time axis when performing the motion prediction / compensation processing in the inter template prediction mode of the multi-reference frame. The search center in the next reference frame is obtained using the obtained motion vector information, and the motion search is performed using the search center. As a result, it is possible to reduce the amount of calculation while minimizing a decrease in encoding efficiency.
- the mobile phone 400 converts the sound collected by the microphone (microphone) 421 during imaging by the CCD camera 416 from analog to digital by the audio codec 459 and further encodes it.
- the cellular phone 400 multiplexes the encoded image data supplied from the image encoder 453 and the digital audio data supplied from the audio codec 459 by a predetermined method.
- the cellular phone 400 performs spread spectrum processing on the multiplexed data obtained as a result by the modulation / demodulation circuit unit 458 and digital / analog conversion processing and frequency conversion processing by the transmission / reception circuit unit 463.
- the cellular phone 400 transmits the transmission signal obtained by the conversion process to a base station (not shown) via the antenna 414.
- a transmission signal (image data) transmitted to the base station is supplied to a communication partner via a network or the like.
- the mobile phone 400 can also display the image data generated by the CCD camera 416 on the liquid crystal display 418 via the LCD control unit 455 without passing through the image encoder 453.
- the cellular phone 400 when receiving data of a moving image file linked to a simple homepage or the like, transmits a signal transmitted from the base station via the antenna 414 to the transmission / reception circuit unit 463. Receive, amplify, and further perform frequency conversion processing and analog-digital conversion processing. The cellular phone 400 performs spectrum despreading processing on the received signal by the modulation / demodulation circuit unit 458 to restore the original multiplexed data. In the cellular phone 400, the demultiplexing unit 457 separates the multiplexed data and divides it into encoded image data and audio data.
- the cellular phone 400 In the image decoder 456, the cellular phone 400 generates reproduction moving image data by decoding the encoded image data with a decoding method corresponding to a predetermined encoding method such as MPEG2 or MPEG4, and this is controlled by the LCD control.
- the image is displayed on the liquid crystal display 418 via the unit 455.
- moving image data included in a moving image file linked to a simple homepage is displayed on the liquid crystal display 418.
- the mobile phone 400 uses the above-described image decoding device 101 as the image decoder 456 that performs such processing. Therefore, as in the case of the image decoding apparatus 101, the image decoder 456 is obtained with the reference frame immediately before on the time axis when performing the motion prediction / compensation processing in the inter template prediction mode of the multi-reference frame. Using the motion vector information, a search center in the next reference frame is obtained, and a motion search is performed using the search center. As a result, it is possible to reduce the amount of calculation while minimizing a decrease in encoding efficiency.
- the cellular phone 400 simultaneously converts the digital audio data into an analog audio signal in the audio codec 459 and causes the speaker 417 to output it.
- audio data included in the moving image file linked to the simple homepage is reproduced.
- the mobile phone 400 can record (store) the data linked to the received simplified home page or the like in the storage unit 423 via the recording / playback unit 462. .
- the mobile phone 400 can analyze the two-dimensional code obtained by the CCD camera 416 by the main control unit 450 and acquire information recorded in the two-dimensional code.
- the mobile phone 400 can communicate with an external device by infrared rays at the infrared communication unit 481.
- the cellular phone 400 uses the image encoding device 51 as the image encoder 453 to achieve high-speed processing, and for example, encodes encoded data generated by encoding image data generated by the CCD camera 416. Efficiency can be improved. As a result, the mobile phone 400 can provide encoded data (image data) with high encoding efficiency to other devices.
- the mobile phone 400 can use the image decoding apparatus 101 as the image decoder 456, thereby realizing high-speed processing and generating a highly accurate predicted image.
- the mobile phone 400 can obtain and display a higher-definition decoded image from a moving image file linked to a simple homepage, for example.
- the cellular phone 400 uses the CCD camera 416, but instead of the CCD camera 416, an image sensor (CMOS image sensor) using CMOS (Complementary Metal Metal Oxide Semiconductor) is used. May be. Also in this case, the mobile phone 400 can capture the subject and generate image data of the subject image, as in the case where the CCD camera 416 is used.
- CMOS image sensor Complementary Metal Metal Oxide Semiconductor
- the mobile phone 400 has been described.
- an imaging function similar to that of the mobile phone 400 such as a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), a smartphone, an UMPC (Ultra Mobile Personal Computer), a netbook, a notebook personal computer, or the like.
- the image encoding device 51 and the image decoding device 101 can be applied to any device as in the case of the mobile phone 400.
- FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing a main configuration example of a hard disk recorder using an image encoding device and an image decoding device to which the present invention is applied.
- a hard disk recorder 500 shown in FIG. 25 receives audio data and video data of a broadcast program included in a broadcast wave signal (television signal) transmitted from a satellite or a ground antenna received by a tuner.
- This is an apparatus for storing in a built-in hard disk and providing the stored data to the user at a timing according to the user's instruction.
- the hard disk recorder 500 can, for example, extract audio data and video data from broadcast wave signals, decode them as appropriate, and store them in a built-in hard disk.
- the hard disk recorder 500 can also acquire audio data and video data from other devices via a network, for example, decode them as appropriate, and store them in a built-in hard disk.
- the hard disk recorder 500 decodes audio data and video data recorded in the built-in hard disk, supplies the decoded data to the monitor 560, and displays the image on the screen of the monitor 560. Further, the hard disk recorder 500 can output the sound from the speaker of the monitor 560.
- the hard disk recorder 500 decodes, for example, audio data and video data extracted from a broadcast wave signal acquired via a tuner, or audio data and video data acquired from another device via a network, and monitors 560. And the image is displayed on the screen of the monitor 560.
- the hard disk recorder 500 can also output the sound from the speaker of the monitor 560.
- the hard disk recorder 500 includes a receiving unit 521, a demodulating unit 522, a demultiplexer 523, an audio decoder 524, a video decoder 525, and a recorder control unit 526.
- the hard disk recorder 500 further includes an EPG data memory 527, a program memory 528, a work memory 529, a display converter 530, an OSD (On Screen Display) control unit 531, a display control unit 532, a recording / playback unit 533, a D / A converter 534, And a communication unit 535.
- the display converter 530 has a video encoder 541.
- the recording / playback unit 533 includes an encoder 551 and a decoder 552.
- the receiving unit 521 receives an infrared signal from a remote controller (not shown), converts it into an electrical signal, and outputs it to the recorder control unit 526.
- the recorder control unit 526 is constituted by, for example, a microprocessor and executes various processes according to a program stored in the program memory 528. At this time, the recorder control unit 526 uses the work memory 529 as necessary.
- the communication unit 535 is connected to the network and performs communication processing with other devices via the network.
- the communication unit 535 is controlled by the recorder control unit 526, communicates with a tuner (not shown), and mainly outputs a channel selection control signal to the tuner.
- the demodulator 522 demodulates the signal supplied from the tuner and outputs the demodulated signal to the demultiplexer 523.
- the demultiplexer 523 separates the data supplied from the demodulation unit 522 into audio data, video data, and EPG data, and outputs them to the audio decoder 524, the video decoder 525, or the recorder control unit 526, respectively.
- the audio decoder 524 decodes the input audio data by, for example, the MPEG system, and outputs it to the recording / playback unit 533.
- the video decoder 525 decodes the input video data using, for example, the MPEG system, and outputs the decoded video data to the display converter 530.
- the recorder control unit 526 supplies the input EPG data to the EPG data memory 527 for storage.
- the display converter 530 encodes the video data supplied from the video decoder 525 or the recorder control unit 526 into video data of, for example, NTSC (National Television Standards Committee) using the video encoder 541 and outputs the video data to the recording / reproducing unit 533.
- the display converter 530 converts the screen size of the video data supplied from the video decoder 525 or the recorder control unit 526 into a size corresponding to the size of the monitor 560.
- the display converter 530 further converts the video data whose screen size has been converted into NTSC video data by the video encoder 541, converts it into an analog signal, and outputs the analog signal to the display control unit 532.
- the display control unit 532 superimposes the OSD signal output from the OSD (On Screen Display) control unit 531 on the video signal input from the display converter 530 under the control of the recorder control unit 526 and displays the OSD signal on the display of the monitor 560. Output and display.
- OSD On Screen Display
- the monitor 560 is also supplied with the audio data output from the audio decoder 524 after being converted into an analog signal by the D / A converter 534.
- the monitor 560 outputs this audio signal from a built-in speaker.
- the recording / playback unit 533 has a hard disk as a storage medium for recording video data, audio data, and the like.
- the recording / playback unit 533 encodes the audio data supplied from the audio decoder 524 by the encoder 551 in the MPEG system.
- the recording / reproducing unit 533 encodes the video data supplied from the video encoder 541 of the display converter 530 by the encoder 551 in the MPEG system.
- the recording / playback unit 533 combines the encoded data of the audio data and the encoded data of the video data by a multiplexer.
- the recording / reproducing unit 533 amplifies the synthesized data by channel coding, and writes the data to the hard disk via the recording head.
- the recording / playback unit 533 plays back the data recorded on the hard disk via the playback head, amplifies it, and separates it into audio data and video data by a demultiplexer.
- the recording / playback unit 533 uses the decoder 552 to decode the audio data and video data using the MPEG system.
- the recording / playback unit 533 performs D / A conversion on the decoded audio data and outputs it to the speaker of the monitor 560.
- the recording / playback unit 533 performs D / A conversion on the decoded video data and outputs it to the display of the monitor 560.
- the recorder control unit 526 reads the latest EPG data from the EPG data memory 527 based on the user instruction indicated by the infrared signal from the remote controller received via the receiving unit 521, and supplies it to the OSD control unit 531. To do.
- the OSD control unit 531 generates image data corresponding to the input EPG data, and outputs the image data to the display control unit 532.
- the display control unit 532 outputs the video data input from the OSD control unit 531 to the display of the monitor 560 for display. As a result, an EPG (electronic program guide) is displayed on the display of the monitor 560.
- the hard disk recorder 500 can acquire various data such as video data, audio data, or EPG data supplied from other devices via a network such as the Internet.
- the communication unit 535 is controlled by the recorder control unit 526, acquires encoded data such as video data, audio data, and EPG data transmitted from another device via the network, and supplies it to the recorder control unit 526. To do.
- the recorder control unit 526 supplies the encoded data of the acquired video data and audio data to the recording / reproducing unit 533 and stores the data in the hard disk.
- the recorder control unit 526 and the recording / playback unit 533 may perform processing such as re-encoding as necessary.
- the recorder control unit 526 decodes the acquired encoded data of video data and audio data, and supplies the obtained video data to the display converter 530.
- the display converter 530 processes the video data supplied from the recorder control unit 526 in the same manner as the video data supplied from the video decoder 525, supplies the processed video data to the monitor 560 via the display control unit 532, and displays the image. .
- the recorder control unit 526 may supply the decoded audio data to the monitor 560 via the D / A converter 534 and output the sound from the speaker.
- the recorder control unit 526 decodes the encoded data of the acquired EPG data, and supplies the decoded EPG data to the EPG data memory 527.
- the hard disk recorder 500 as described above uses the image decoding apparatus 101 as a decoder built in the video decoder 525, the decoder 552, and the recorder control unit 526. Therefore, the video decoder 525, the decoder 552, and the decoder built in the recorder control unit 526 perform the motion prediction / compensation processing in the inter-template prediction mode of the multi-reference frame, as in the case of the image decoding apparatus 101.
- the search center in the next reference frame is obtained using the motion vector information obtained in the previous reference frame on the time axis, and the motion search is performed using the search center. As a result, it is possible to reduce the amount of calculation while minimizing a decrease in encoding efficiency.
- the hard disk recorder 500 can realize high-speed processing and generate a highly accurate predicted image.
- the hard disk recorder 500 acquires, for example, encoded data of video data received via a tuner, encoded data of video data read from the hard disk of the recording / playback unit 533, or via a network. From the encoded data of the video data, a higher-definition decoded image can be obtained and displayed on the monitor 560.
- the hard disk recorder 500 uses the image encoding device 51 as the encoder 551. Therefore, as in the case of the image encoding device 51, the encoder 551 is obtained with the reference frame immediately before on the time axis when performing the motion prediction / compensation processing in the inter template prediction mode of the multi-reference frame. Using the motion vector information, a search center in the next reference frame is obtained, and a motion search is performed using the search center. As a result, it is possible to reduce the amount of calculation while minimizing a decrease in encoding efficiency.
- the hard disk recorder 500 can realize high-speed processing and improve the encoding efficiency of encoded data recorded on the hard disk. As a result, the hard disk recorder 500 can use the storage area of the hard disk more efficiently.
- the hard disk recorder 500 that records video data and audio data on the hard disk has been described.
- any recording medium may be used.
- the image encoding device 51 and the image decoding device 101 are applied as in the case of the hard disk recorder 500 described above. Can do.
- FIG. 26 is a block diagram illustrating a main configuration example of a camera using the image decoding device and the image encoding device to which the present invention is applied.
- the camera 600 shown in FIG. 26 captures a subject and displays an image of the subject on the LCD 616 or records it on the recording medium 633 as image data.
- the lens block 611 causes light (that is, an image of the subject) to enter the CCD / CMOS 612.
- the CCD / CMOS 612 is an image sensor using CCD or CMOS, converts the intensity of received light into an electric signal, and supplies it to the camera signal processing unit 613.
- the camera signal processing unit 613 converts the electrical signal supplied from the CCD / CMOS 612 into Y, Cr, and Cb color difference signals and supplies them to the image signal processing unit 614.
- the image signal processing unit 614 performs predetermined image processing on the image signal supplied from the camera signal processing unit 613 under the control of the controller 621, and encodes the image signal by the encoder 641 using, for example, the MPEG method. To do.
- the image signal processing unit 614 supplies encoded data generated by encoding the image signal to the decoder 615. Further, the image signal processing unit 614 acquires display data generated in the on-screen display (OSD) 620 and supplies it to the decoder 615.
- OSD on-screen display
- the camera signal processing unit 613 appropriately uses DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) 618 connected via the bus 617, and image data or a code obtained by encoding the image data as necessary.
- DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
- the digitized data is held in the DRAM 618.
- the decoder 615 decodes the encoded data supplied from the image signal processing unit 614 and supplies the obtained image data (decoded image data) to the LCD 616. In addition, the decoder 615 supplies the display data supplied from the image signal processing unit 614 to the LCD 616. The LCD 616 appropriately synthesizes the image of the decoded image data supplied from the decoder 615 and the image of the display data, and displays the synthesized image.
- the on-screen display 620 outputs display data such as menu screens and icons composed of symbols, characters, or figures to the image signal processing unit 614 via the bus 617 under the control of the controller 621.
- the controller 621 executes various processes based on a signal indicating the content instructed by the user using the operation unit 622, and via the bus 617, the image signal processing unit 614, the DRAM 618, the external interface 619, an on-screen display. 620, media drive 623, and the like are controlled.
- the FLASH ROM 624 stores programs and data necessary for the controller 621 to execute various processes.
- the controller 621 can encode the image data stored in the DRAM 618 or decode the encoded data stored in the DRAM 618 instead of the image signal processing unit 614 or the decoder 615.
- the controller 621 may perform the encoding / decoding process by a method similar to the encoding / decoding method of the image signal processing unit 614 or the decoder 615, or the image signal processing unit 614 or the decoder 615 can handle this.
- the encoding / decoding process may be performed by a method that is not performed.
- the controller 621 reads image data from the DRAM 618 and supplies it to the printer 634 connected to the external interface 619 via the bus 617. Let it print.
- the controller 621 reads the encoded data from the DRAM 618 and supplies it to the recording medium 633 attached to the media drive 623 via the bus 617.
- the recording medium 633 is an arbitrary readable / writable removable medium such as a magnetic disk, a magneto-optical disk, an optical disk, or a semiconductor memory.
- the recording medium 633 may be of any type as a removable medium, and may be a tape device, a disk, or a memory card.
- a non-contact IC card or the like may be used.
- media drive 623 and the recording medium 633 may be integrated and configured by a non-portable storage medium such as a built-in hard disk drive or SSD (Solid State Drive).
- SSD Solid State Drive
- the external interface 619 includes, for example, a USB input / output terminal and is connected to the printer 634 when printing an image.
- a drive 631 is connected to the external interface 619 as necessary, and a removable medium 632 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or a magneto-optical disk is appropriately mounted, and a computer program read from them is loaded as necessary. Installed in the FLASH ROM 624.
- the external interface 619 has a network interface connected to a predetermined network such as a LAN or the Internet.
- the controller 621 can read the encoded data from the DRAM 618 in accordance with an instruction from the operation unit 622 and supply the encoded data from the external interface 619 to another device connected via the network. Also, the controller 621 acquires encoded data and image data supplied from other devices via the network via the external interface 619 and holds them in the DRAM 618 or supplies them to the image signal processing unit 614. Can be.
- the camera 600 as described above uses the image decoding apparatus 101 as the decoder 615. Therefore, similarly to the case of the image decoding apparatus 101, the decoder 615 performs the motion obtained in the reference frame immediately before on the time axis when performing the motion prediction / compensation processing in the inter template prediction mode of the multi-reference frame. Using the vector information, a search center in the next reference frame is obtained, and a motion search is performed using the search center. As a result, it is possible to reduce the amount of calculation while minimizing a decrease in encoding efficiency.
- the camera 600 can realize high-speed processing and can generate a highly accurate predicted image.
- the camera 600 encodes image data generated in the CCD / CMOS 612, encoded data of video data read from the DRAM 618 or the recording medium 633, and encoded video data acquired via the network.
- a higher-resolution decoded image can be obtained from the data and displayed on the LCD 616.
- the camera 600 uses the image encoding device 51 as the encoder 641. Therefore, as in the case of the image encoding device 51, the encoder 641 is obtained with the reference frame immediately before on the time axis when performing the motion prediction / compensation processing in the inter template prediction mode of the multi-reference frame. Using the motion vector information, a search center in the next reference frame is obtained, and a motion search is performed using the search center. As a result, it is possible to reduce the amount of calculation while minimizing a decrease in encoding efficiency.
- the camera 600 can realize, for example, high-speed processing and encoding efficiency of encoded data recorded on the hard disk. As a result, the camera 600 can use the storage area of the DRAM 618 and the recording medium 633 more efficiently.
- the decoding method of the image decoding apparatus 101 may be applied to the decoding process performed by the controller 621.
- the encoding method of the image encoding device 51 may be applied to the encoding process performed by the controller 621.
- the image data captured by the camera 600 may be a moving image or a still image.
- image encoding device 51 and the image decoding device 101 can also be applied to devices and systems other than those described above.
- 51 image encoding device 51 image encoding device, 66 lossless encoding unit, 74 intra prediction unit, 75 motion prediction / compensation unit, 76 template motion prediction / compensation unit, 77 MRF search center calculation unit, 78 prediction image selection unit, 101 image decoding device, 112 lossless decoding unit, 121 intra prediction unit, 122 motion prediction / compensation unit, 123 template motion prediction / compensation unit, 124 MRF search center calculation unit, 125 switch
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Abstract
Description
この予測画像が、上述したように、ステップS13,S18の演算に利用される。
さらに具体的には、最適インター予測モードとして、インター予測モードによる予測画像が選択されているときには、動き予測・補償部75は、インター予測モード情報、動きベクトル情報、参照フレーム情報を可逆符号化部66に出力する。
これらの画像に基づいて、テンプレート動き予測・補償部76は、ステップS33において、インターテンプレート動き予測処理を行う。
色差信号のイントラ予測モードは、輝度信号のイントラ予測モードと独立に設定が可能である。輝度信号の4×4画素および8×8画素のイントラ予測モードについては、4×4画素および8×8画素の輝度信号のブロック毎に1つのイントラ予測モードが定義される。輝度信号の16×16画素のイントラ予測モードと色差信号のイントラ予測モードについては、1つのマクロブロックに対して1つの予測モードが定義される。
Dは、原画像と復号画像の差分(歪)、Rは、直交変換係数まで含んだ発生符号量、λは、量子化パラメータQPの関数として与えられるラグランジュ乗数である。
Dは、原画像と復号画像の差分(歪)、Header_Bitは、予測モードに対するヘッダビット、QPtoQuantは、量子化パラメータQPの関数として与えられる関数である。
ブロックCに関する動きベクトル情報が、画枠の端であったり、あるいは、まだ符号化されていないなどの理由により、利用可能でない(unavailableである)場合には、ブロックCに関する動きベクトル情報は、ブロックDに関する動きベクトル情報で代用される。
mvdE = mvE - pmvE ・・・(8)
ステップS137においてフレームメモリ119は、フィルタリングされた画像を記憶する。
生成した予測画像は、スイッチ125に出力される。
これにより、符号化効率の低下を最小限に抑えながら、演算量の増大を抑制することができる。
Claims (11)
- フレームの第1の対象ブロックの第1の参照フレームで探索された前記第1の対象ブロックの動きベクトルを用いて、前記フレームに対する時間軸上の距離が前記第1の参照フレームの次に近い第2の参照フレームにおける探索中心を算出する探索中心算出部と、
前記探索中心算出部により算出された前記第2の参照フレームにおける前記探索中心の周辺の所定の探索範囲で、前記第1の対象ブロックの動きベクトルを、前記第1の対象ブロックに対して所定の位置関係で隣接するとともに復号画像から生成されるテンプレートを利用して探索する動き予測部と
を備える画像処理装置。 - 前記探索中心算出部は、前記第1の参照フレームで前記動き予測部により探索された前記第1の対象ブロックの動きベクトルを、前記フレームに対する時間軸上の距離でスケーリングすることで、前記第2の参照フレームにおける前記探索中心を算出する
請求項1に記載の画像処理装置。 - 前記フレームと参照ピクチャ番号ref_id=k-1の前記第1の参照フレームとの時間軸上の距離をtk-1とし、前記フレームと参照ピクチャ番号ref_id=kの前記第2の参照フレームとの時間軸上の距離をtkとし、前記第1の参照フレームで前記動き予測部により探索された前記第1の対象ブロックの動きベクトルをtmmvk-1としたとき、
前記探索中心算出部は、
前記動き予測部は、前記探索中心算出部により算出された前記第2の参照フレームにおける前記探索中心mvcの周辺の所定の探索範囲で、前記第1の対象ブロックの動きベクトルを、前記テンプレートを利用して探索する
請求項2に記載の画像処理装置。 - 前記探索中心算出部は、tk/tk-1の値を、N/2M(N,Mは整数)の形で近似することにより、前記探索中心mvcの算出を、シフト演算のみで行う
請求項3に記載の画像処理装置。 - 前記時間軸上の距離tk,tk-1として、POC(Picture Order Count)を用いる
請求項3に記載の画像処理装置。 - 画像圧縮情報中に参照ピクチャ番号ref_idに相当するパラメータがない場合、前方向、後方向予測共に、時間軸上で前記フレームに近い順の参照フレームから処理を行う
請求項3に記載の画像復号装置。 - 前記動き予測部は、前記フレームに時間軸上の距離が最も近い前記第1の参照フレームにおいては、前記第1の対象ブロックの動きベクトルを、前記テンプレートを利用して所定の範囲で探索する
請求項2に記載の画像処理装置。 - 前記動き予測部は、前記第2の参照フレームがLong Term Reference Pictureである場合、前記第2の参照フレームにおいては、前記第1の対象ブロックの動きベクトルを、前記テンプレートを利用して所定の範囲で探索する
請求項2に記載の画像処理装置。 - 符号化された動きベクトルの情報を復号する復号部と、
前記復号部により復号された前記フレームの第2の対象ブロックの動きベクトルを用いて予測画像を生成する予測画像生成部と
をさらに備える請求項2に記載の画像処理装置。 - 前記動き予測部は、前記フレームの第2の対象ブロックの動きベクトルを、前記第2の対象ブロックを利用して探索し、
前記動き予測部により探索された前記第1の対象ブロックの動きベクトルに基づく予測画像と、前記動き予測部により探索された前記第2の対象ブロックの動きベクトルに基づく予測画像のうちの一方を選択する画像選択部とをさらに備える
請求項2に記載の画像処理装置。 - 画像処理装置が、
フレームの対象ブロックの第1の参照フレームで探索された前記対象ブロックの動きベクトルを用いて、前記フレームに対する時間軸上の距離が前記第1の参照フレームの次に近い第2の参照フレームにおける探索中心を算出し、
算出された前記第2の参照フレームにおける前記探索中心の周辺の所定の探索範囲で、前記対象ブロックの動きベクトルを、前記対象ブロックに対して所定の位置関係で隣接するとともに復号画像から生成されるテンプレートを利用して探索するステップを
含む画像処理方法。
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