WO2010024727A1

WO2010024727A1 - Heat-generating apparatus (embodiments)

Info

Publication number: WO2010024727A1
Application number: PCT/RU2009/000430
Authority: WO
Inventors: Виктор Григорьевич НИКИТИН
Original assignee: Nikitin Vikt R Grig R Vi H
Priority date: 2008-08-28
Filing date: 2009-08-27
Publication date: 2010-03-04
Also published as: EA015772B1; RU2381422C1; EA201100406A1

Abstract

The invention is intended for heating water and can be used in thermal power engineering. The apparatus comprises: a heat exchanger with a housing, the inner cavity of which is filled with a heating liquid, and a heat exchange element for the liquid to be heated, which is situated inside the heat exchanger housing; a boiler unit; a combustion chamber arranged so as to form an annular cavity with the boiler unit; a helical heat exchanger mounted in said annular cavity; and a water supply nozzle situated in the upper part of the boiler unit. The heat exchanger is situated below the boiler unit and is connected to the helical heat exchanger in the boiler unit. The water supply nozzle is situated in a through opening in the combustion chamber and is tangential to the housing thereof. In the second embodiment, a water vapour condenser and a water supply nozzle are situated in the upper part of the boiler unit housing, above the combustion chamber. The water emerging from said water supply nozzle is able to flow down into the boiler unit combustion chamber. The water vapour condenser is in the form of a downwardly tapering, closed hollow body which is connected to the outlet of a circulation pump. The invention makes it possible to enhance the performance of the apparatus, simplify the design, manufacture and use thereof, reduce the weight, dimensions and cost of the apparatus and increase its environmental safety.

Description

HEAT GENERATING UNIT

(V A R I A N T S)

The invention relates to a power system and can be used in heat generating plants designed for heating and hot water supply of industrial and residential buildings and premises.

State of the art

Known heat-generating installation containing a liquid-liquid heat exchanger with a vertical cylindrical tubular body and placed in it a heat-exchange element in the form of a tubular spiral connected to the supply and exhaust lines of the heated fluid, a circulation pump, and a boiler unit, made in one piece with the specified body a heat exchanger is a vertical cylindrical tubular body, inside of which there is a cylindrical flame tube mounted longitudinally and coaxially with respect to the body a gas unit, with the formation of a gas burner between it and the last annular cavity filled with heating fluid, and a contact heat exchanger located in the upper part of the boiler body with a water spray connected to the outlet of the circulation pump, while the lower part of the contact heat exchanger communicates with the specified annular cavity to the lower part which is connected to the inlet of the circulation pump, and the heat exchanger element of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is installed in the specified annular cavity (patent RU 2013710, IPC F24H

1/10, publ. 05/30/1994).

Closest to the claimed heat-generating installation in technical essence is the heat-generating installation adopted for the prototype, comprising a “liquid-liquid” heat exchanger with a housing, the internal cavity of which is filled with a heating fluid, and a heat-exchange element placed in the housing and connected to the supply and exhaust lines of the heated fluid , a circulation pump, the input of which is connected to the lower part of the inner cavity of the housing of the specified heat exchanger, and a boiler unit, comprising one a housing integral with said heat exchanger vertical cylindrical tubular body with a cover and outlet pipe for discharging the products of combustion, a combustion chamber with the tubular body mounted longitudinally in the housing to form the boiler between the latter and the annular heat exchange housing of the combustion chamber cavities with a closed lower end serving as the internal cavity of the specified heat exchanger, a spiral heat exchanger installed in the specified annular cavity, a gas burner installed in the combustion chamber and connected to the gas and air supply lines to it and installed in the upper part of the boiler body above the combustion chamber a heat exchanger with a condenser of water vapor rising during operation of the installation together with the combustion products from the combustion chamber to the outlet pipe, and a group of water forming a water spray giving nozzles connected to the output of the circulation pump and mounted over said contact heat exchanger designed as a box with a bottom sitoobraznym filled bed of Raschig rings, ceramic beads, etc. (Patent GB 2166853, IPC F24H 1/10, publ. 05/14/1986).

The presence in the known installations of a bulky and massive heat exchanger with backfill complicates the design of these plants and increases their weight and dimensions. In turn, the complexity of the design complicates the manufacture and increases the cost of the heat-generating installation, and the increase in weight and dimensions complicates its transportation and installation and narrows the scope of the installation, because It does not allow to place it in enclosed spaces and in open areas with a small usable area and restrictions on the weight of the installed equipment.

At the same time, the known plants have a low efficiency of using heat energy released during gas combustion in the boiler, due to the fact that the contact heat exchanger is located at a great distance from the gas burner, in connection with which the combustion products come to it at a lower temperature, and the water is heated it is carried out only through the backfill of the combustion products and the heat given off by the body of the combustion chamber, while a significant part of the thermal energy released during combustion remains unused gas in the boiler. The efficiency of using the indicated heat energy in known installations is also reduced due to the fact that the water entering the contact heat exchanger sprayer is cooled during its circulation from the annular cavity of the boiler to the specified sprayer, as well as due to the formation of a combustion chamber in contact with heating water on the outside scale, which reduces heat transfer from the housing of the combustion chamber to the heating fluid. Due to the low efficiency of the use of thermal energy released during gas combustion in the boiler, the specific gas consumption necessary for heating a single volume of water (for example, lm ³ ) to a given temperature and the efficiency of the installation decreases.

In addition, in known installations, the evaporation of the liquid leaving the water supply nozzles is carried out at a great distance from the combustion chamber, as a result of which the efficiency of the combustion of the gas-air mixture is reduced, which is expressed in a decrease in the completeness of combustion of the latter and an increase in the content of harmful impurities in the combustion products entering the atmosphere through the outlet boiler pipe.

At the same time, the material of the filling in the form of ceramic balls used in the contact heat exchanger of known installations during the operation of the installation gradually deteriorates due to sudden temperature changes, which necessitates periodic replacement of this material, which complicates the operation of the installation and increases the cost of producing hot water . In addition, in the process of destruction of the backfill material, a sludge is formed, capable of partially or completely blocking the narrow gaps between the tubular spiral of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger, the housing of the latter and the flame tube in the installation according to the aforementioned patent RU 2013710, as a result of which the water supply to the contact water sprayer the heat exchanger can significantly decrease until it is completely stopped, which ultimately reduces the reliability of the installation. In the installation of the prototype GB 2166853, the specified slurry settles on the bottom of the boiler body, which necessitates periodic cleaning of the bottom of the boiler body from the slurry, which complicates the operation of the installation and increases the cost of production of hot water by the installation. Disclosure of invention

The basis of the present invention is the task of creating a heat-generating installation, the design of which does not contain a contact heat exchanger with backfill and at the same time improves the efficiency of use of thermal energy released during gas combustion in the boiler and reduces the content of harmful impurities in the combustion products entering the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe boiler unit.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in the heat-generating installation according to the first embodiment, containing a liquid-liquid heat exchanger with a housing, the internal cavity of which is filled with a heating liquid, and a heat exchange an element placed in the specified housing and connected to the lines for supplying and discharging the heated fluid, a circulation pump, the input of which is connected to the internal cavity of the housing of the specified heat exchanger, preferably to the lower part of the latter, and a boiler unit containing a vertical or close to vertical housing with a cover and a pipe for discharge of combustion products, a combustion chamber with a cylindrical tubular body mounted longitudinally in the boiler body with the formation of a count between the last and the housing of the combustion chamber a heat exchanger cavity with a closed lower end, a spiral heat exchanger installed in the specified annular cavity, a gas burner installed in the combustion chamber and connected to the gas and air supply lines to it, and a water supply nozzle installed in the upper part of the boiler unit and connected to the circulation outlet pump, according to paragraph 1 of the claims, the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is installed under the boiler and connected with its upper part to the lower part of the boiler with the message top the internal cavity of the body of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger with the combustion chamber of the boiler unit and the location of the mentioned level of the heating liquid below the combustion chamber, and the spiral heat exchanger serves to heat the liquid supplied by the circulation pump to the water supply nozzle and is connected with its lower end to the outlet of the circulation pump, and the upper end - with a water supply nozzle, the output of which communicates with the combustion chamber of the boiler, while the input of the pipe for removal of combustion products is connected to an annular heat exchanger a through hole is made in the upper cavity of the boiler unit, preferably to the lower part of the latter, in the upper part of the combustion chamber housing, and the water supply nozzle is placed in the said hole and directed tangentially to the combustion chamber housing, allowing the liquid emerging from the said nozzle to spiral downward along the inner wall of the housing a combustion chamber, the upper end of which is located in the upper part of the boiler body with an end gap relative to the cover of the latter, allowing passage through it products of combustion from the combustion chamber into an annular heat exchange chamber boiler.

In this case, the heat generating installation according to the first embodiment is also characterized by the following particular distinguishing features. The gas burner can have a cylindrical shape, can be located coaxially to the body of the combustion chamber and can be configured to form a flame with thermal radiation directed mainly radially from the gas burner to the inner surface of the body of the combustion chamber. With this embodiment and arrangement of the gas burner, it is advisable that its upper end be located under the water supply nozzle near the latter, the gas burner is preferably made in the form of a slit or infrared gas burner, and the boiler body has a cylindrical shape and is located coaxially to the body of the combustion chamber. In this case, it is advisable that the walls of the boiler unit body and the combustion chamber body facing the spiral heat exchanger are located near the turns of the latter with the formation between the said turns and the said walls of the boiler unit and the combustion chamber body of the spiral channel for the passage of combustion products from the combustion chamber to the pipe inlet for removal of combustion products. The spiral heat exchanger of the boiler unit can be made of corrugated tube, and the boiler body and its cover can be surrounded by a casing with the formation of an air cavity between the boiler and the specified casing integrated in the air supply line to the gas burner with the possibility of the supplied air flowing through the specified air cavity in the direction from upper to the lower part of the latter, while the indicated air cavity has the shape of an annular cavity in the area of the boiler body.

The installation may be equipped with a condensate collecting and cleaning tank, in which the lower part is filled with a water-purifying material, preferably a deoxidizing agent, such as chalk, and communicates above the level of the specified material with the lower part of the internal cavity of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger, and the upper part communicates via hydraulic the shutter with the lower part of the annular heat exchange cavity of the boiler with the possibility of discharge from the last condensate into the specified capacity by gravity and made with an overflow hole connected to drain line and located at the same level with the maximum level of heating fluid in the specified heat exchanger.

The water nozzles of the boiler can be made tapering to its outlet. In addition, the spiral heat exchanger of the boiler can be made of a cylindrical tube, and the water supply nozzles can be made cylindrical with an inner diameter equal to the inner diameter of the specified tube, while the water supply nozzles can be made integrally with the upper end of the spiral heat exchanger or can be combined with the aforementioned opening of the combustion chamber housing, which in this case should be made tangentially to the inner surface of the combustion chamber housing and hermetically connected the outside of the latter with the upper end of the spiral heat exchanger.

The water supply nozzles of the boiler can be directed downward at a given angle to the horizontal plane.

The case of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger can be made tubular and can be positioned longitudinally and preferably coaxially with the boiler body with the location of the inlet of the heat exchanger element of the specified heat exchanger in the lower part, and the outlet in the upper part of the latter, while the body of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger can be made in one piece with the housing of the combustion chamber.

In addition, the housing fluid-liquid heat exchanger can be made tubular and can be located perpendicular to the body of the boiler. With such an arrangement of the casing of said heat exchanger relative to the casing of the boiler unit, the installation can be equipped with at least one additional boiler unit and, accordingly, one or more additional circulation pumps, the number of which is equal to the number of additional boiler units, and all boiler units of the installation are identical in design and for each additional the lower part of the boiler is connected to the upper part of the body of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger with a message from the combustion chamber from the upper part the internal cavity of the casing of the specified heat exchanger, and the lower end of the spiral heat exchanger is connected to the output of one of the additional circulation pumps, the input of which is connected to the lower part of the internal cavity of the heat exchanger body "liquid-liquid", while the output of each additional circulation pump is connected to a spiral heat exchanger additional boiler unit.

When performing installation with one or several additional boiler units, it can be equipped with a tank for collecting and cleaning condensate, wherein the lower part is filled with a water-purifying material, preferably a deoxidizing agent, such as chalk, and communicates above the level of the specified material with the lower part of the internal cavity of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger, and the upper part communicates via a hydraulic shutter with the lower part of the annular heat-exchange cavity of each boiler unit with the possibility of discharge from the last condensate to the indicated tank by gravity and made with an overflow hole connected to the drain line and located at the same level with the maximum ur vnem heating fluid in said heat exchanger.

The heat-exchange element of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger can be made in the form of a tubular spiral.

In another embodiment of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger, an end cavity can be made at each end of its body, separated from the rest of the internal cavity of the specified heat exchanger by a transverse partition with openings, and the heat exchanger element of the specified heat exchanger can be made in the form of a bundle of heat exchanger tubes located longitudinally to the body heat exchangers uniformly distributed over the cross-sectional area of the internal cavity of the specified housing and hermetically connected at their ends with Voith transverse partitions said end cavities, one of which is connected to the supply line, and the second - to a heated liquid discharge line. In addition, the liquid-liquid heat exchanger can be made with the possibility of heating water for the heating system and separately for the hot water system, for which it can be equipped with two supply lines and two drain lines of the heated fluid and is connected using one supply line and one drain lines, respectively, to the output and input of the heating system and using the second supply line and second drain line, respectively, to the output and input of the hot water system, while at each end of the housing specified heat the exchanger has an end cavity separated from the rest of the internal cavity of the specified heat exchanger by a transverse partition with holes and divided into two separate compartments, and the heat exchanger element of the specified heat exchanger is made in the form of a bundle of heat exchanger tubes located longitudinally to the heat exchanger body, uniformly distributed over the cross-sectional area of the internal cavity of the specified the case and hermetically connected at their ends with the holes of the transverse partitions indicated end cavities, moreover, in one of these end cavities, each of the compartments is connected to one of the indicated supply lines of the heated fluid, and in the second of these end cavities, each of the compartments is connected to one of the indicated lines of the outlet of heated fluid, while the compartment connected to the line water supply from the outlet of the heating system, is connected by said heat exchange tubes to a compartment connected to the drain line of the heated fluid to the input of the heating system, and the compartment connected to the water supply line from the outlet to Stem hot water supply, said heat exchange tubes is connected with a compartment coupled to the heated liquid discharge line to the input of the hot water system.

In another embodiment, the liquid-liquid heat exchanger can be configured to heat water for the heating system, separately for the hot water system and separately for the ventilation system, for which it can be equipped with three supply lines and three drain lines of the heated fluid and connected to using one supply line and one drain line, respectively, to the output and input of the heating system, using the second supply line and the second drain line, respectively, to the output and input of the hot water system and using the third supply line and the third exhaust line, respectively, to the outlet and entrance of the ventilation system, while at each end of the casing of the specified heat exchanger an end cavity is made, separated from the rest of the internal cavity of the specified heat exchanger by a transverse partition with openings, and divided into three separate compartment, and the heat exchanger element of the specified heat exchanger is made in the form of a bundle of heat exchange tubes located longitudinally to the body of the heat exchanger, uniformly distributed over the area river cross-section of the inner cavity of the specified housing and hermetically connected at its ends with the holes of the transverse partitions of the indicated end cavities, moreover, at one of the indicated end cavities, each of the compartments is connected to one of the indicated supply lines of the heated fluid, and at the second of the specified end cavities, each of the compartments is connected to one of the indicated drainage lines of the heated fluid, while the compartment connected to the water supply line from the outlet of the heating system is connected by the indicated heat exchange pipes kami with a compartment connected to the heating fluid discharge line to the heating system input, a compartment connected to the water supply line from the system output hot water supply is connected by said heat exchange tubes to a compartment connected to the drain line of the heated fluid to the inlet of the hot water supply, and the compartment connected to the water supply line from the outlet of the ventilation system is connected by the specified heat exchange tubes to the compartment connected to the drain line of the heated fluid to the inlet ventilation system.

The solution of the above object of the invention is also achieved by the fact that in the heat-generating installation according to the second embodiment, comprising a liquid-liquid heat exchanger with a housing, the internal cavity of which is filled with heating liquid, and a heat exchange element located in the housing and connected to the heated supply and exhaust lines liquid circulating pump, the input of which is connected to the inner cavity of the housing of the specified heat exchanger, preferably to the lower part of the latter, and the boiler, containing vertical a cylindrical or close to vertical cylindrical tubular body with a pipe located in its upper part for exhausting combustion products, a combustion chamber located inside the boiler unit body, a gas burner installed in the combustion chamber and connected to the gas and air supply lines to it, and installed in the upper parts of the boiler unit body above the combustion chamber are a condenser of water vapor rising during operation of the installation together with the combustion products from the combustion chamber to the mentioned pipe for removal of combustion products, and, at least one water supply nozzle connected to the outlet of the circulation pump, unlike the prototype, according to paragraph 23 of the claims, a liquid-liquid heat exchanger is installed under the boiler and connected with its upper part to the lower part of the boiler with the message of the upper part of the inner cavity of the heat exchanger housing " liquid-liquid ”with the combustion chamber of the boiler unit and the location of the mentioned level of heating liquid below the combustion chamber, each water supply nozzle is installed with the possibility of draining out the liquid from it into the combustion chamber of the boiler, and the condenser of water vapor is made in the form of a closed hollow body tapering downward, mounted above the gas burner with a radial clearance in relation to the boiler body, allowing passage through it of combustion products rising from the combustion chamber to the mentioned pipe for removal of combustion products, and liquid flowing from each water supply nozzle into the combustion chamber, while the hollow body is equipped with a condensate collector installed under it, located with by drainage of condensate into it from the hollow body and equipped with a drain line, the outlet of which communicates with the internal cavity of the fluid-liquid heat exchanger, the internal cavity of the hollow body communicates with the outlet of the circulation pump, and each of the water supply nozzles is fixed in the upper side of the specified hollow body, is connected to the outlet of the circulation pump through the internal cavity of the hollow body and is directed tangentially to the body of the boiler with the possibility of movement of the fluid emerging from the specified nozzle in a spiral the bottom of the inner wall of the housing of the boiler unit, wherein when the boiler with several of the water supply nozzles are arranged relative to the housing past boiler ensuring the possibility of movement of said fluid exiting the nozzles on the inner wall of boiler housing in one direction.

In this case, the heat generating installation according to the second embodiment is also characterized by the following particular distinguishing features.

The gas burner may have a cylindrical shape, can be located coaxially to the boiler body and can be configured to form a flame with heat radiation directed mainly radially from the gas burner to the inner surface of the boiler body. With this embodiment and arrangement of the gas burner, it is advisable that the lower end of the hollow body is located near the upper end of the gas burner, and the latter is preferably made in the form of a slit or infrared gas burner.

The installation may be equipped with a condensate collecting and cleaning tank, in which the lower part is filled with a water-purifying material, preferably a deoxidizing agent, such as chalk, and communicates above the level of the specified material with the lower part of the internal cavity of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger, and the upper part communicates via hydraulic a shutter with a drain line of the condensate collector of the hollow body of the boiler unit with the possibility of draining the condensate from the said condensate collector into the indicated tank by gravity and is made with overflow from a hole connected to the drain line and located at the same level with the maximum level of heating fluid in the specified heat exchanger.

Mentioned hollow body can be made in the form of a boiler located coaxially with the housing, facing down and made in full or truncated form of a body of revolution, for example, a cone, a segment of a sphere or an ellipsoid, etc., while on the axis of the specified body of revolution can be installed hermetically entering the last pipe for the said message of the internal cavity of the specified hollow body with the output of the circulation pump with the location of the lower end of the specified pipe near the lower wall of the specified body of rotation. In another embodiment of the said rotation body, its upper wall can be made in the form of a cavity coaxial with the latter and facing downward, providing a smooth narrowing of the internal cavity of the body of rotation in the radial direction from the axis to the periphery of the latter, while an axial hole is made for said upper wall communication of the internal cavity of the specified hollow body with the output of the circulation pump.

In addition, a part of said hollow body interacting with combustion products rising during operation of the installation from the combustion chamber to said pipe for exhausting combustion products can be made corrugated with the arrangement of corrugations preferably longitudinally with respect to the boiler body.

Each water supply nozzle of the boiler can be directed downward at a given angle to the horizontal plane.

The case of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger can be made tubular and connected longitudinally and preferably coaxially with the body of the boiler with the location of the inlet of the heat exchanger element of the specified heat exchanger in the lower part, and the outlet in the upper part of the latter, while the body of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger can be made in one piece with the body of the boiler.

In another embodiment, the housing fluid-liquid heat exchanger may be tubular and connected to the boiler body perpendicular to the latter. With such an arrangement of the casing of said heat exchanger relative to the casing of the boiler unit, the installation can be equipped with at least one additional boiler unit and, accordingly, one or more additional circulation pumps, the number of which is equal to the number of additional boiler units, and all boiler units of the installation are identical in design and for each additional the boiler body the boiler body is connected with its lower part to the upper part of the body of the heat exchanger “liquid-liquid” with a message combustion chambers with the upper part of the inner cavity of the housing of the specified heat exchanger, and each water supply nozzle is connected through the internal cavity of the said hollow body to the outlet of one of the additional circulation pumps, the input of which is connected to the lower part of the internal cavity of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger body, while the output of each additional circulation pump is connected to each of the water supply nozzles of only one additional boiler unit.

When the installation is carried out with one or more additional boilers, it can be equipped with a condensate collection and purification tank, in which the lower part is filled with a water-purifying material, preferably a deoxidizing agent, such as chalk, and communicates above the level of this material with the lower part of the internal cavity of the heat exchanger “liquid- liquid ”, and the upper part communicates through a hydraulic shutter with a drain line of the condensate collector of the hollow body of each boiler unit with the possibility of draining the condensate from the utogo condensate collection into said container by gravity and is provided with an overflow opening connected to a drain line and located at the same level as the maximum level of the heating fluid in said heat exchanger.

For brevity, the particular essential features of the invention characterizing the installation according to the second embodiment can be indicated that the liquid-liquid heat exchanger included in the installation according to the second embodiment has an identical design with the same heat exchanger entering the installation according to the first embodiment, which is reflected in the formula inventions, in which the essential features according to paragraphs 38-41, revealing possible options for the design of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger, which is part of the heat transfer design eriruyuschey installation of the second embodiment, are identical to the essential features of the points 19-22 revealing possible variants of embodiment of the heat exchanger "zhidkoct-zhidkoct" constituting the heat generating unit structure of the first embodiment. In this case, it should be clarified that the identity of these particular essential features of the invention, characterizing the performance of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger, is considered in this case without taking into account the design of the heat-generating installation itself, defined by the expression "Installation according to item l" in paragraphs 19-22 of the formula and the expression "Installation according to paragraph 23" in paragraphs 38-41 of the formula.

The implementation of the heat-generating installation according to the first embodiment in accordance with paragraph 1 of the claims and according to the second embodiment in accordance with paragraph 23 The claims of the invention make it possible to exclude a bulky and massive contact heat exchanger with backfill from the design of this installation, increase the efficiency of the use of thermal energy released during gas combustion in the boiler and reduce the content of harmful impurities in the combustion products entering the atmosphere through the boiler outlet pipe.

The efficiency of using thermal energy released during gas combustion in the boiler is increased in each of the variants of the claimed installation due to the location of the contact heat exchange zone directly in the combustion chamber of the boiler. With this arrangement of the contact heat exchange zone, heating of the liquid exiting the water supply nozzle occurs when the latter directly contacts the flame of the gas burner (radiant heat transfer) and hot combustion products, and in the first embodiment of the claimed installation, also with the hot surface of the inner wall of the combustion chamber body, which allows increase the temperature of the heating fluid filling the liquid-liquid heat exchanger. At the same time, the efficiency of the use of thermal energy released during gas combustion in the boiler unit is also increased due to the possibility of the liquid leaving the water supply nozzle spiraling downward along the inner wall of the combustion chamber body - in the first embodiment or of the boiler body - in the second installation variant, which increases the contact area and time unit volume of liquid (e.g., lsm ³⁾ with a gas burner flame and hot combustion products, as in the first embodiment of inventive apparatus also hot inner wall surface of the combustion chamber body, whereby, ultimately, increases the temperature of the heating fluid in the heat exchanger "zhidkoct-zhidkoct". In addition, the efficiency of heat energy generated during gas combustion in the boiler is increased in the first embodiment of the claimed installation also due to the fact that it provides preliminary heating of the liquid entering the contact heat exchange zone of the boiler, carried out in a spiral heat exchanger with hot combustion products, passing from the combustion chamber through the annular heat exchange cavity of the boiler. In the second embodiment of the claimed installation, the efficiency of use of thermal energy released during gas combustion in the boiler is also increased due to the deep condensation of mixed with combustion products water vapor on a condenser made in the form of a closed hollow body tapering downward, equipped with a condensate collector and installed in the immediate vicinity of the combustion chamber. As a result of this condensation of water vapor, it is possible to obtain a condensate with a high temperature used as a heating liquid in a liquid-liquid heat exchanger.

In the first embodiment of the claimed installation, the elimination of the inherent characteristic of the prototype of the possibility of scale formation on the walls of the housing of the combustion chamber and the associated reduction in heat transfer of the said housing also helps to increase the efficiency of using thermal energy released during gas combustion in the boiler unit. The exclusion of this scale is ensured due to the absence of heating fluid in the annular heat exchange cavity of the boiler, which is achieved by placing a liquid-liquid heat exchanger under the boiler with the location of the heating fluid level in the heat exchanger below the combustion chamber. In the second embodiment of the claimed installation, scale on the inner wall of the boiler unit is excluded due to the fact that the specified housing is protected from the flame of a gas burner by a liquid flowing downward along the inner wall of the specified housing, which makes the latter a low temperature.

However, the introduction of the design of the claimed installation according to the first embodiment of the preferred distinguishing features contained in dependent claims 2-8 of the claims provides an additional increase in the efficiency of use of the thermal energy released during gas combustion due to:

- enhancing the heating of the liquid exiting the water supply nozzle by the heat emitted by the flame of the gas burner, as well as the heat of the hot combustion products and the body of the combustion chamber, for which the gas burner has a cylindrical shape, is coaxial to the body of the combustion chamber and is configured to form a flame with thermal radiation, directed mainly radially from the gas burner to the inner surface of the combustion chamber body, and the upper end of the gas burner is located under the water supply nozzle close to the latter, the gas burner being preferably in the form of a slit or infrared gas burner;

- enhancing the heating of the liquid passing through the spiral heat exchanger by increasing the amount of heat transferred by the combustion products to the turns of the spiral heat exchanger and, accordingly, the liquid circulating through them, for which the housing the boiler unit has a cylindrical shape and is located coaxially to the body of the combustion chamber, while the walls of the boiler unit and the body of the combustion chamber facing the spiral heat exchanger are located near the turns of the latter with the formation between the said turns and the said walls of the boiler unit and the body of the combustion chamber of a spiral channel for the passage of products combustion from the combustion chamber to the inlet of the outlet pipe, and the spiral heat exchanger is made of corrugated tube;

- the use of thermal energy released during gas combustion in the boiler to heat the air entering the gas burner in order to increase the efficiency of the combustion process of the gas-air mixture, which is expressed in increasing the completeness of combustion of the latter and reducing harmful impurities in the combustion products entering the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe of the boiler, why the boiler unit body and its cover are surrounded by a casing with the formation of an air cavity between the boiler and the specified casing integrated into the air supply line to ha a burner with the possibility of movement of the supplied air through the specified air cavity in the direction from the upper to the lower part of the latter, while the specified air cavity in the area of the boiler body is in the form of an annular cavity;

- cleaning and using hot condensate as a heating fluid generated during operation of the installation in the annular heat exchange cavity of the boiler, for which the installation is equipped with a container for collecting and cleaning said condensate, in which the lower part is filled with a water-purifying material, preferably a deoxidizer, such as chalk, and communicates above the level of the specified material with the lower part of the internal cavity of the fluid-liquid heat exchanger, and the upper part communicates through a hydraulic shutter from the lower part w annular heat exchange of boiler cavity to drain condensate from the latter into said container by gravity.

In addition, the introduction into the design of the claimed installation according to the second embodiment of the preferred distinguishing features contained in dependent claims 24-28 and 31 of the claims provides an additional increase in the efficiency of use of the thermal energy released during gas combustion due to:

- enhancing the heating of the liquid leaving the water supply nozzle from the flame of a gas burner, as well as the heat of hot combustion products and the hot casing the boiler, for which the gas burner has a cylindrical shape, is located coaxially to the boiler body and is configured to form a flame with heat radiation directed mainly radially from the gas burner to the inner surface of the boiler body, and the lower end of the hollow body acting as a water vapor condenser is located near the upper end of the gas burner, and the gas burner is preferably made in the form of a slit or infrared gas burner;

- the use of hot condensate as a heating fluid resulting from condensation of water vapor mixed with combustion products, for which the hollow body, which acts as a water vapor condenser, is equipped with a condensate collector installed under it, having a drain line, the outlet of which communicates with the internal cavity of the heat exchanger " liquid-liquid ”directly or through a container for collecting and cleaning condensate;

- intensification and more complete condensation of water vapor by increasing the working surface of the water vapor condenser in contact with water vapor, for which the water vapor condenser is made in the form of a boiler located coaxially with the body, facing down and made in full or truncated form of a hollow closed rotation body, for example, a cone, a segment of a sphere or an ellipsoid, etc., while a part of the water vapor condenser interacting with the combustion products rising during operation of the installation from the combustion chamber Nia to the outlet pipe, made of corrugated with the corrugations preferably located longitudinally with respect to the housing kotloagrerata.

Achieved in the claimed installation, an increase in the efficiency of use of thermal energy released during the combustion of gas in the boiler, provides an increase in the efficiency of the heat-generating installation and the achievement of the technical result of the invention, which is expressed in the reduction of the specific gas flow rate required to heat a unit volume of water (for example, lm ³ ) to a predetermined temperature, and increasing the efficiency of the installation.

The evaporation of the liquid leaving the water supply nozzle, carried out in the proposed installation directly in the combustion chamber, allows to increase the efficiency of the combustion process of the gas-air mixture, which is expressed in increasing the completeness of the combustion of the latter and lowering the content of harmful impurities in the combustion products entering the atmosphere through the boiler outlet pipe, due to why provides the achievement of the technical result of the invention, expressed in increasing the environmental safety of the installation.

However, the exclusion of the bulky and massive contact heat exchanger with backfill, which takes place in the prototype, ensures the achievement of the technical result of the invention, which is expressed in simplifying the design and manufacture of the heat-generating installation, as well as in simplifying the operation of the installation and reducing the cost of production of hot water by eliminating inherent in the prototype of the need for periodic replacement of the filling material in the contact heat exchanger and cleaning the bottom of the boiler body from sludge, resulting from the destruction of the material backfill.

In addition, the exclusion of a contact heat exchanger with filling allows you to reduce the weight and dimensions of the heat generating installation and thereby provides the technical result of the invention, which is expressed in simplifying the transportation and installation of the heat generating installation and in expanding the scope of its application. At the same time, the introduction into the design of the claimed installation of the preferred distinguishing features contained in dependent claims 17 and 36 of the claims makes it possible to carry out the installation in a cascade scheme with several boiler units identical in design, which makes it possible to increase the thermal power of the installation and makes it possible to control the indicated power in wide limits in accordance with the changing demand on the part of hot water consumers connected to the heat transfer outlet line CENI "zhidkoct-zhidkoct".

In addition, the introduction into the design of the claimed installation of the preferred distinguishing features contained in dependent paragraphs 21, 22, 40 and 41 of the claims, provides the ability to perform installation with separate heating of water for different hot water consumption systems, in particular for heating systems, hot water systems and a ventilation system, which can significantly reduce the number of valves, taps, circulation pumps, instrumentation and other equipment in the installation, which, in in turn, simplifies the design, manufacture and operation of the installation and at the same time reduces its weight, dimensions and cost.

Presented in the invention, variants of a heat generating installation form a single inventive concept and meet the requirement of the unity of the invention, since both options are aimed at solving the same problem - the creation of a heat-generating installation, the design of which does not contain a contact heat exchanger with backfill and ensures an increase in the efficiency of use of thermal energy released during gas combustion in the boiler, and a decrease in the content of harmful impurities in the combustion products entering atmosphere through the outlet pipe of the boiler, and at the same time these options allow you to get the same technical result - a decrease in the specific operation on the gas flow required for heating the unit volume of water (e.g., LM ³⁾ to a predetermined temperature, increasing the efficiency and environmental safety of the installation, simplifying manufacture and reducing the cost of the heat generating unit by simplifying its structure, simplifying installation operation and reducing production costs installing hot water, as well as simplifying the transportation and installation of the heat generating installation and expanding the scope of its application. Moreover, the specified technical result obtained when using the first variant of the claimed installation differs from the same technical result obtained when using the second variant of the claimed installation, only a quantitative measure. Moreover, the second variant of the claimed installation is preferable to its first variant with respect to the technical result, which is expressed in simplifying the design of the installation. At the same time, in the first variant of this installation, heating of the air supplied to the gas burner and preliminary heating of the liquid in the spiral heat exchanger are ensured, which increases the efficiency of using the thermal energy released during gas combustion in the boiler, and makes this installation option preferable to its second variant in in relation to the technical result, which is expressed in a decrease in the specific gas consumption, and an increase in the efficiency of the installation.

Brief description of drawings The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

- Fig. l is a general view of a heat generating installation according to the first embodiment, in which the case of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is connected longitudinally and coaxially with the boiler body, and the heat exchange element is made in the form of a tubular spiral;

- figure 2 is a section A-A in figure 1;

- in FIG. 3, a fragment of the embodiment of the installation shown in FIG. 1, in which the installation is equipped with a container for collecting and purifying the condensate, and “liquid- fluid "the housing is connected longitudinally and coaxially with the housing of the combustion chamber, and the heat exchange element is made in the form of a tube bundle;

- figure 4 is a variant of the cross section A-A in figure 1;

- figure 5 is a view along arrow B in figure 2; - Fig.6 is a fragment of a variant of the installation shown in Fig.l, in which the heat exchanger "liquid-liquid" body is perpendicular to the body of the boiler, and the heat exchange element is made in the form of a tube bundle;

- Fig.7 is a section B-B in Fig.6, corresponding to the installation according to the first embodiment, made with several boiler units; - Fig. 8 is a general view of a heat generating installation according to the second embodiment, in which the case of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is connected longitudinally and coaxially with the boiler body, and the heat exchange element is made in the form of a tube bundle;

- figure 9 is a cross section GG in Fig;

- figure 10 is an embodiment of a water vapor condenser in the installation according to the second embodiment;

- figure 11 is a section DD in Fig;

- in Fig.12 is a view along arrow E in Fig.8;

- on Fig - a variant of the installation shown in Fig. 8, made with several boiler units and with a liquid-liquid heat exchanger, in which the housing is connected to the bodies of the boiler units perpendicular to the latter, and the heat exchange element is made in the form of a tubular spiral;

- Fig.14 is an embodiment of a liquid-liquid heat exchanger with separate heating of water for a heating system and a hot water supply system;

- Fig. 15 is an embodiment of a liquid-liquid heat exchanger with separate heating of water for a heating system, a hot water supply system and a ventilation system;

- in Fig.16 - section FJ in Fig.15.

Embodiments of the invention

According to the first embodiment, the inventive heat-generating installation comprises a boiler unit 1 (Fig. 1), a liquid-liquid heat exchanger 2, and a circulation pump 3.

The boiler unit 1 contains a vertical or close to vertical tubular body 4 with a blank cover 5 and an outlet pipe 6, which serves to discharge products combustion from the boiler 1 to the atmosphere, the combustion chamber 7 with a cylindrical tubular body 8 mounted longitudinally in the housing 4 with the formation between the housing 8 and the housing 4 of the annular heat exchange cavity 9 with the bottom closed, a spiral heat exchanger 10 installed in the annular cavity 9, a gas burner 11, installed in the combustion chamber 7 and connected to the lines 12 and 13 for supplying gas and air, respectively, and a water supply nozzle 14 connected to the upper end of the spiral heat exchanger 10 and communicating with its output with Combustion 7 Amer.

A heat exchanger 2 is installed under the boiler unit 1, connected with its upper part to the lower part of the boiler unit 1, and is preferably provided with a cylindrical tubular body 15, the inner cavity 16 of which is filled with heating fluid 17. A heat exchange element 18 is placed in the inner cavity 16 of the housing 15, through which the heated fluid circulates. At the heat exchange element 18, the input 19 is connected to the cold water supply line 20 from the water supply network and / or from the outlet of the heating system and / or hot water supply system and / or ventilation system (not shown), and the output 21 is connected to the heated water outlet line 22 connected to the input of the heating system and / or hot water system and / or ventilation system. Moreover, a water drainage line 23 is connected to the inner cavity 16 of the housing 15 of the heat exchanger 2, connecting the cavity 16 to the inlet of the circulation pump 3. The upper part of the said housing 15 is connected to the lower part of the housing 4 of the boiler unit 1 and the housing 8 of the combustion chamber 7 sec communication of the upper part of the internal cavity 16 of the housing 15 with the combustion chamber 7 and the location of the heating fluid level in the specified cavity 16 below the combustion chamber 7, and in the outlet line 23 an adjustment valve 24 is installed, which also serves to shut off I line 23 when removing the circulating pump 3.

In boiler unit 1, a spiral heat exchanger 10 serves to preheat the liquid supplied by the circulation pump 3 from the inner cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 to the water supply nozzle 14, and is connected at its lower end to the outlet of the circulation pump 3, and the input of the outlet pipe 6 is connected to the lower part of the annular cavity 9. In this case, a through hole 25 is made in the upper part of the housing 8 of the combustion chamber 7 (Fig. 2), and the water supply nozzles 14 are placed in the indicated hole 25 of the housing 8 and is directed tangentially to the last providing the possibility of movement of the liquid exiting the nozzle 14 in a spiral downward along the inner wall of the housing 8, the upper end of which is located in the upper part of the housing 4 of the boiler unit 1 with an end gap relative to the cover 5, providing passage through the specified gap of the combustion products from the combustion chamber 7 into the annular cavity 9 .

To enhance the heating of the liquid exiting the nozzle 14 by the heat emitted by the flame of the gas burner 11, as well as the heat of hot combustion products rising up the combustion chamber 7, and the heat of the housing 8, the gas burner 11 has a cylindrical shape, located coaxially to the housing 8 and made with the possibility of forming a flame with thermal radiation directed mainly radially from the gas burner 11 to the inner surface of the housing 8 of the combustion chamber 7, and the upper end of the gas burner 11 is located under the hydrogen yuschim nozzle 14 close to the latter. For the same purpose, the gas burner 11 is preferably made in the form of a slit or infrared gas burner. However, to enhance the heating of the fluid passing through the spiral heat exchanger 10, the housing 4 of the boiler unit 1 has a cylindrical shape and is located coaxially to the housing 8 of the combustion chamber 7, while the walls of the housing 4 and the housing 8 facing the spiral heat exchanger 10 are located near the turns the latter with the formation between the said turns and the said walls of the housing 4 and the housing 8 of the spiral channel 26 for the passage of combustion products from the combustion chamber 7 to the inlet of the outlet pipe 6. For the same purpose, a spiral heat exchanger 10 can be made of corrugated tube (not shown), which allows to increase the area of its working surface and to strengthen due to this the heating of the fluid passing through it. To ensure mixing of the gas entering line 12 with the air entering line 13, an ejection nozzle 27 is installed at the outlet of line 12, facing its outlet towards the mixing nozzle 28, at which the inlet communicates with the outlet of line 13, and the outlet with gas burner 11. In this case, to increase the efficiency of the combustion process of the gas-air mixture, the boiler unit 1 is configured to heat the air supplied through line 13 to the gas burner 11. For this, the housing 4 of the boiler unit 1 and its cover 5 are surrounded by a casing 29 with it between boiler unit 1 and the housing 29, the air chamber 30 that is built into the air supply line 13 to the gas burner 11, with the movement of the supplied air through the air cavity 30 in the direction from the upper to the lower part of the latter, while in the area of the housing 4 of the boiler unit 1, the air cavity 30 has the shape of an annular cavity.

To ensure the removal of condensate from the annular cavity 9 formed during the condensation of water vapor mixed with the combustion products, the lower part of the cavity 9 may be provided with a drain line (not shown), communicating, for example, with the internal cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2, or with a sewer, or with any container for sludge and condensate cleaning (not shown). However, in order to increase the efficiency of the installation by cleaning the specified condensate and then using it as a heating liquid, the installation can be equipped with a capacity 31 (Fig. 3) for collecting and cleaning the condensate 32 formed in the annular cavity 9 of the boiler unit 1 in the process installation work. In this case, the lower part of the tank 31 is filled with a water-cleaning material 33, preferably a deoxidizer, for example, chalk, and communicates above the level of the material 33 with the lower part of the inner cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 through the filter 34, and the upper part of the tank 31 communicates through a hydraulic shutter 35 with the lower part of the annular the heat exchange cavity 9 of the boiler unit 1 with the possibility of discharge from the last condensate into the indicated tank 31 by gravity. In the upper part of the tank 31 there is an overflow hole 36 located at the same level with the maximum level of the heating fluid 17 in the heat exchanger 2. In this case, the overflow hole 36 is connected to a drain line 37 connected, for example, to a sewer or a special tank for sludge and cleaning (not shown).

In addition, nozzles 14 can be made tapering to its outlet (Fig. 2), and in the manufacture of a spiral heat exchanger 10 from a cylindrical tube of nozzles 14 can be made cylindrical (Fig. 4) with an inner diameter equal to the inner diameter of the tube from which it is made a spiral heat exchanger 10. In this case, the upper end of the spiral heat exchanger 10, i.e. nozzles 14 can be made integral with the upper end of the spiral heat exchanger 10, as shown in figure 4.

To simplify the design of the boiler unit 1 in any of the above embodiments of the water supply nozzle 14, the latter can be structurally combined with the hole 25 (figure 2) of the housing 8. In this case, the hole 25 is made in in the form of a tapering or cylindrical water supply nozzle 14, directed tangentially to the inner surface of the housing 8, and hermetically connected to the outside of the housing 8 with the upper end of the spiral heat exchanger 10.

In any of the described embodiments of the water supply nozzle 14, the latter can be directed downward at a predetermined angle α (Fig. 5) to the horizontal plane. The optimal angle α is determined by calculation and / or experimentally, based on the conditions for ensuring the maximum temperature of the heating fluid 17 in the heat exchanger 2, as well as the most complete combustion of the gas-air mixture with a minimum content of harmful impurities in the combustion products at a given volumetric flow rate and a given gas-air component composition the mixture entering the gas burner 11, as well as at a given volume of the heating fluid 17 in the heat exchanger 2 and the volumetric supply of fluid to cage 14 and to the input 19 of the heat exchanger element 18 of the heat exchanger 2 and the predetermined geometric parameters of the boiler 1 and the heat exchanger 2, affecting the combustion process of the gas-air mixture and heat transfer processes occurring in the boiler 1 and the heat exchanger 2. It is advisable to choose this value of the specified angle α, in which adjacent turns of a spiral-shaped flow moving from the nozzle 14 exit along the inner wall of the housing 8 of the combustion chamber 7 merge with each other at their borders, forming a continuous and uniform thickness, the fluid flow on the inner wall of the specified housing 8. With this fluid flow through the housing 8, uniform heating of the liquid is ensured and almost all the thermal energy released during the combustion of the gas-air mixture in the combustion chamber 7 is used to heat the liquid, which ensures maximum installation efficiency.

The housing 15 of the heat exchanger 2 can be located longitudinally and preferably coaxially with the housing 4 of the boiler unit 1 (Fig. 1) with the location of the input 19 of the heat exchange element 18 in the lower part of the heat exchanger 2, and the outlet 21 in the upper part of the latter. In this case, the specified housing 15 can be connected to the housing 4 of the boiler 1 and the housing 8 of the combustion chamber 7 by means of a detachable (eg, flange) connection 38. It is also possible to execute the housing 15 of the heat exchanger 2 in one piece with the housing 8 of the combustion chamber 7 from one pipe (Fig. .3) connected to the housing 4 of the boiler unit 1 by means of a detachable (for example, flange) connection 39. However, the housing 15 of the heat exchanger 2 can be located perpendicular to the housing 4 of the boiler 1 (Fig.6). Moreover, the specified housing 15 can be connected via a detachable (for example, flange) connection 40 with the housing 4 of the boiler 1 and the housing 8 of the combustion chamber 7. With the housing 15 perpendicular to the heat exchanger 2 relative to the housing 4 of the boiler 1 in order to increase the heat output of the installation and ensure the possibility of regulating the specified power over a wide range in accordance with the changing demand from the consumers of hot water connected to the outlet line 22 of the heat exchanger 2, the installation The unit is equipped with at least one additional boiler unit 41 (Fig. 7) and, accordingly, one or more additional circulation pumps 42, the number of which is equal to the number of additional boiler units 41. All additional boiler units 41 are identical in design to boiler unit 1 and for each of the lower part is connected to the upper part of the housing 15 of the heat exchanger 2 with the combustion chamber 7 communicating with the upper part of the internal cavity 16 of the housing 15 of the heat exchanger 2, and the lower end of the spiral heat exchanger 10 is connected to the output of one about of the additional circulation pumps 42, the input of which is connected to the lower part of the inner cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 through an additional line 43 of the water outlet, in which the control valve 44 is installed, which also serves to shut off the line 43 when dismantling the circulation pump 42. Moreover, the output of each additional circulation pump 42 is connected to a spiral heat exchanger 10 of only one additional boiler unit 41, i.e. each of the additional circulation pumps 42 is paired with only one additional boiler unit 41. In addition, the installation can be equipped with a common capacity for all boiler units 31 for collecting and cleaning condensate 32 and a common drain line 45 through which the lower part of the annular cavity 9 of each of boiler units 1 and 41 are connected to the upper part of the tank 31 through a hydraulic shutter 35 with the possibility of gravity draining into the tank 31 of condensate from the cavity 9 of each of the boiler units 1 and 41 along line 45. Moreover, the tank 31 has the upper part made with an overflow hole 36 connected to the drain line 37, and the lower part is filled with water treatment material 33 and communicates above the level of the latter with the lower part of the inner cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 through the filter 34. According to the second embodiment, the claimed heat-generating installation comprises a boiler unit 46 (Fig. 8), a liquid-liquid heat exchanger 2 located under it with a discharge line 23, and a circulation pump 3 connected by its input to the line 23 in which the control valve 24 is installed. In this case, the heat exchanger 2 is connected with its upper part to the lower part of the boiler unit 46, which contains a vertical or close to vertical cylindrical tubular body 47 with an outlet pipe 48 located in its upper part, serving for removal of combustion products from the boiler unit 46 into the atmosphere, a combustion chamber 49 located inside the housing 47, a gas burner 11 installed in the combustion chamber 49 and connected to the lines 12 and 13 for supplying gas and air, respectively, and installed in the upper parts of the housing 47 of the boiler unit 46, a water vapor condenser 50 and at least one water supply nozzle 51 connected to the outlet of the circulation pump 3 and installed with the possibility of draining the liquid leaving it on the inner wall of the housing 47 through the chamber 49 into the internal cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2.

The housing 15 of the heat exchanger 2 is connected with its upper part to the lower part of the housing 47 of the boiler unit 46 with the message of the upper part of the internal cavity 16 of the housing 15 with the combustion chamber 49 and the location of the level of the heating fluid 17 in the specified cavity 16 below the combustion chamber 49.

The condenser 50 is made with the possibility of contact of its side surface with water vapor rising during operation of the installation together with the combustion products from the combustion chamber 49 to the outlet pipe 48. In this case, the condenser 50 is made in the form of a tapering closed hollow body 52 mounted above the gas burner 11 s radial clearance in relation to the housing 47 of the boiler unit 46, providing passage through it of combustion products rising from the combustion chamber 49 to the outlet pipe 48, and liquid draining from each water supply nozzle 51 to the combustion chamber 49. The hollow body 52 is provided with a condensate collector 53 mounted under it, arranged to drain condensate into it from the hollow body 52 and provided with a drain line 54, the outlet of which communicates with the internal cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2, the internal cavity 55 of the hollow body 52 communicates with the output of the circulation pump 3, and each of the optional nozzles 51 is fixed in the upper lateral part of the hollow body 52, connected to the output circulation pump 3 through the internal cavity 55 of the hollow body 52 and is directed tangentially to the housing 47 of the boiler unit 46 (Fig.9) with the possibility of movement of the liquid exiting the nozzle 51 in a spiral downward along the inner wall of the body 47 of the boiler unit 46. When the boiler unit 46 with several with additional nozzles 51, the latter are placed evenly around the perimeter of the cross section of the capacitor 50 and are located relative to the housing 47 of the boiler unit 46 with the possibility of movement of the liquid leaving the nozzles 51 along the inner wall of the specified housing 47 in one direction.

To enhance the heating of the liquid leaving each nozzle 51 as it passes through the combustion chamber 49, the gas burner And has a cylindrical shape and is located coaxially to the housing 47 of the boiler unit 46, while the gas burner 11 is configured to form a flame with heat radiation directed mainly radially from the gas burner 11 to the inner surface of the housing 47 of the boiler unit 46, and the lower end of the hollow body 52 is located near the upper end of the gas burner 11. For the same purpose, the gas burner 11 It is preferably filled as a slit or infrared gas burner.

The condensate collector 53 can have various designs, in particular, it can be made in the form of a round pan, bowl, funnel, etc., and its drain line 54 can have direct communication with the internal cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2, in which the specified line goes down through the gas burner 11 (figure 10) with the possibility of draining the condensate from the collector 53 directly into the internal cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 without purifying the condensate from harmful impurities. In another embodiment, in order to improve the efficiency of the installation by cleaning the condensate drained from the specified collector 53 from harmful impurities, the installation can be equipped with a tank 31 (Fig. 8) for collecting and cleaning the condensate, in which the lower part is filled with water-purifying material 33, preferably a deoxidizer, for example, in chalk, and communicates above the level of the specified material with the lower part of the inner cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 through the filter 34, and the upper part communicates through a hydraulic shutter 35 with the drain line 54 of the collector to condensate 53 with the possibility of draining the condensate from the specified collector 53 into the tank 31 by gravity and made with an overflow hole 36 connected to the drain line 37 and located at the same level with the maximum level of the heating fluid 17 in the heat exchanger 2. In this case, the drain line 54 of the condensate collector 53 communicates with the inner cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 through a water trap 35, a container 31 and a filter 34, and a drain line 37 of the container 31 can be connected, for example, to a sewer or a special tank for sludge and cleaning (not shown). The drain line 54 of the condensate collector 53 can be directed laterally from the bottom of the specified collector 53 with a slight downward inclination and can pass through an opening in the wall of the housing 47 of the boiler unit 46 with subsequent rotation towards the hydraulic lock 35 (not shown). In another embodiment, the discharge line 54, it can pass through a gas burner 11 (Fig. 8) with the outside of the housing 47 of the boiler unit 46 and then connected to the hydraulic lock 35. The hollow body 52 may have a different geometric shape of the working surface interacting with the combustion products, exiting from the combustion chamber 49 to the exhaust pipe 48. It can be made, for example, in the form of a boiler unit 46 located coaxially with the housing 47, facing down and made in full or truncated form of a body of revolution 56, for example, a cone , segment of a sphere or ellipsoid, etc.

By way of example, said rotation body 56 is shown in FIG. 8 as a truncated cone. This embodiment of the rotation body 56 is probably the easiest to manufacture technologically. On the axis of the body of revolution 56 is installed hermetically entering the last pipe 57, in which the upper end is connected to the outlet of the circulation pump 3, and the lower end is located near the lower wall of the body of revolution 56.

In another embodiment of the body of revolution 56, its upper wall 58 (FIG. 10) can be made in the form of a cavity coaxial with the latter and facing downward to ensure smooth narrowing of the internal cavity 55 of the body of revolution 56 in the radial direction from the axis to the periphery of the latter. In this case, an axial hole 59 is made in the upper wall 58 for communicating the specified internal cavity 55 with the output of the circulation pump 3.

However, in any embodiment of the hollow body 52 with the aim of intensification and more complete condensation of water vapor by increasing the working surface of the hollow body 52 that comes into contact with water vapor contained in the combustion products, the part of the hollow body 52 interacting with the combustion products , rising during operation of the installation from the combustion chamber 49 to the outlet pipe 48, can be made corrugated. In this case, the side wall the hollow body 52 is made with corrugations, preferably longitudinally relative to the housing 47 of the boiler unit 46. As an example of the implementation of such an improvement, Fig. 8, Fig. 9 and Fig. 1 show an embodiment of a water vapor condenser 50 in the form of a hollow body 52 having the form a truncated cone, the side wall of which is made corrugated with longitudinal corrugations 60.

Each water nozzle 51 can be directed downward at a given angle β (Fig. 12) to a horizontal plane. The optimal value of the angle β is determined in the same way as the value of the angle α (figure 5) in the first embodiment of the proposed installation. When executing a boiler unit 46 with several water supply nozzles 51, the latter can be installed on the condenser 50 with the specified angle β equal or different in magnitude. In this case, it is advisable to choose a value of the indicated angle β for each of the nozzles 51, at which the fluid flows coming from different nozzles 51 do not overlap and at the same time merge with each other at their boundaries, ensuring a continuous and uniform thickness the fluid flow on the inner wall of the housing 47 of the boiler 46. With this fluid flow through the housing 47, the fluid is uniformly heated and almost all the thermal energy released during the combustion of the gas-air mixture in the combustion chamber 49 is used etsya liquid heating that provides the maximum efficiency of the installation. The housing 15 of the heat exchanger 2 is made tubular and can be located longitudinally and preferably coaxially with the housing 47 of the boiler unit 46 or perpendicular to it. With a longitudinal arrangement of the housing 15 relative to the housing 47 (Fig. 8), the inlet 19 of the heat exchange element 18 is located in the lower part of the heat exchanger 2, and the outlet 21 is in the upper part of the latter. In this case, the housing 15 of the heat exchanger 2 can be made in one piece with the housing 47 of the boiler unit 45 from one pipe (figure 10) or can be connected to the specified housing 47 by means of a detachable (for example, flange) connection 61 (Fig. 8).

When the housing 15 of the heat exchanger 2 is perpendicular to the housing 47 of the boiler unit 46 (FIG. 13), the housing 15 can be connected to the housing 47 by means of a detachable (eg, flange) connection 62. Moreover, as in the case of installation according to the first embodiment, with one or several additional boiler units 41 (Fig. 7), the installation according to the second embodiment may also be provided with at least one additional boiler unit 63 and, respectively, by one or more additional circulation pumps 42, the number of which is equal to the number of additional boiler units 63. The additional boiler units 63 are identical in design to the boiler unit 46 and in each of them the housing 47 is connected by its lower part via a detachable connection 62 to the upper part of the heat exchanger body 15 2 s communication of the combustion chamber 49 with the upper part of the internal cavity 16 of the housing 15 of the heat exchanger 2, and each water supply nozzle 51 is connected through the internal cavity 55 of the hollow body 52 to the output of one about of the additional circulation pumps 42, the input of which is connected to the lower part of the inner cavity 16 of the housing 15 of the heat exchanger 2 through an additional discharge line 43 of the latter, in which the control valve 44 is installed. Moreover, the output of each additional circulation pump 42 is connected to each of the water nozzles 51 only one additional boiler unit 63, i.e. each of the additional circulation pumps 42 is paired with only one additional boiler unit 63. In addition, the installation can be equipped with a common tank 31 for collecting and cleaning condensate 32 for all boiler units and a common drain line 64 through which the drain line 54 of the condensate collector 53 is hollow body 52 of each of the boiler units 46 and 63 is connected to the upper part of the tank 31 through a hydraulic shutter 35 with the possibility of gravity draining into the tank 31 of condensate from the specified condensate collector 53 of each of the boiler units 46 and 63 about the drain line 64. At the same time, at the tank 31, the upper part is made with an overflow hole 36 connected to the drain line 37, and the lower part is filled with water treatment material 33 and communicates above the level of the latter with the lower part of the inner cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 through the filter 34. The claimed installation It is also characterized by the following design features common to both of its variants.

Due to the low temperature of the combustion products at the outlet of each boiler unit of the installation and the low content of harmful impurities in these products, the pipe 6 or 48 for the removal of combustion products can be made in the form of a short pipe when the installation is located on an open area, for example, on a roof, in the yard or in a niche . If the installation is located indoors, the specified pipe 6 or 48 is made in the form of a chimney extending upward from the specified room. To ensure a given speed of circulation of the heated fluid through the heat exchanger 2 to consumers of hot water (heating system, and / or hot water supply, and / or ventilation system), a circulation pump 65 (Fig. 1.8) with a filter 66 can be installed in line 20 his entrance. In addition, to provide a predetermined volumetric air supply to the gas burner 11, a fan 67 can be installed at the inlet of the air supply line 13, and to enable adjustment within the specified limits of the volumetric gas supply to the gas burner 11, an adjustment device 68 can be installed gas supply, the input of which is connected to the pipeline 69 of the gas network. In each embodiment of the claimed installation, the heat exchange element 18 of the heat exchanger 2 can be made in the form of a tubular spiral 70 (Fig. 1,13) or in the form of a bundle of heat exchanger tubes 71 (Figs. 3,6-8,14-16), uniformly distributed over the area the cross section of the inner cavity 16 of the housing 15 of the heat exchanger 2 and arranged longitudinally to the housing 15. When the heat exchange element 18 is in the form of a tube bundle 71, end cavities 72 and 73 are made at the ends of the housing 15 of the heat exchanger 2 (Fig. 3,8), the first of which is connected to input 19, and the second with output 21 heat exchange th element 18. The end cavities 72 and 73 are separated from the rest of the inner cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 by transverse partitions, 74 and 75, respectively, in each of which holes are made, respectively, 76 and 77, uniformly distributed over the area of the partition in which they are made, and the ends of the tubes 71 are hermetically connected to said openings 76 and 77.

In order to simplify the design, manufacture and operation of the installation, as well as to reduce its weight and dimensions by reducing the number of valves, taps, circulation pumps, instrumentation and other equipment in the installation, the latter can be performed with separate heating of water for different systems hot water consumption, in particular for the heating system, hot water system and ventilation system. To enable separate supply of the heating system and the hot water supply system with hot water generated by the installation, the heat exchanger 2 with heat exchange tubes 71 can be configured to heat water for the heating system and separately for the hot water supply system. To this end, said heat exchanger 2 may be provided with two supply lines 78 and 79 (Fig. 14) and two heated fluid removal lines 80 and 81 and connected via supply line 78 and removal line 80, respectively, to the output and input of the heating system and using the supply line 79 and the drain line 81, respectively, to the output and input of the hot water system. In this case, the end cavity 72 is divided into two separate compartments 82 and 83, the first of which is connected to the line 78, and the second to the line 79 for supplying the heated fluid. Accordingly, the end cavity 73 is divided into two separate compartments 84 and 85, the first of which is connected to line 80, and the second to line 81 of the outlet of the heated fluid. In this case, the compartments 82 and 83 of the end cavity 72 are connected by heat exchange tubes 71, respectively, with the compartments 84 and 85 of the end cavity 73, and in the lines 78 and 79 booster circulation pumps 86 and 87 are installed, respectively. To enable separate supply of the heating system, the hot water supply system and the ventilation system with hot water produced by the installation, the heat exchanger 2 with heat exchange tubes 71 can be configured to heat water for the heating system, separately for the hot water supply system niya and separately for the ventilation system. To this end, said heat exchanger 2 can be provided with three supply lines 78, 79 and 88 (Fig. 15) and three heated fluid drain lines 80, 81 and 89 and is connected to the output and input, respectively, by the supply line 78 and the drain line 80. heating system, using the supply line 79 and the drain line 81, respectively, to the output and input of the hot water system and using the supply line 88 and the drain line 89, respectively, to the output and input of the ventilation system, made, for example, in the form of at least one heater 90 provided with supply m of air by a fan 91 and an outlet 92 of heated air supplied to a room and / or a drying chamber (not shown). In this case, the end cavity 72 is divided into three separate compartments 82, 83 and 93, the first of which is connected to line 78, the second to line 79, and the third to line 88 of the heated fluid supply. Accordingly, the end cavity 73 is divided into three separate compartments 84, 85 and 94, the first of which is connected to line 80, the second to line 81, and the third to line 89 of the outlet of the heated fluid. While the compartments 82, 83 and 93 of the end cavity 72 are connected by heat exchange tubes 71, respectively, with the compartments 84, 85 and 94 of the end cavity 73, booster circulation pumps 86, 87 and 95 are installed in lines 78, 79 and 88, and compartments 82, 83 and 93 and compartments 84, 85 and 94, respectively, of end cavities 72 and 73, can be made in the form of sectors of these cavities, separated from each other by radial partitions 96 (Fig. 16). To enable compensation of the volume of heating fluid carried away in a vapor state through the outlet pipe 6 or 48, as well as lost when the condensate 32 is drained into the drain line 37 and as a result of leaks through leaks, the claimed installation in each of its variants can be equipped with a device for automatically feeding the heat exchanger 2 with a liquid (not shown) connected to the inner cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 and configured to automatically feed the heat exchanger 2 with a liquid with a decrease in the level of the heating fluid 17 below a predetermined minimum value with the cessation of the specified recharge when the level of the heating fluid reaches the specified maximum value.

The installation can be equipped with a support frame (not shown), and in the case of external use of the specified installation, it can also be equipped with a protective insulated casing (not shown).

At the same time, both variants of the claimed installation do not exclude the possibility of using other constructive variants of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger 2 in them, as well as other variants of the gas-air mixture supply system to gas burners 11 and the condensate treatment system formed in the annular cavity 9 of boiler unit 1 - in the first the installation option, and condensate draining into the condensate collector 53 in the second installation option. The heat generating installation according to the first embodiment of its execution works as follows.

During combustion of the gas-air mixture supplied to the burner 11, thermal radiation from the flame of the burner 11 is generated in the combustion chamber 7, directed radially to the inner surface of the housing 8 of the combustion chamber 7. At the same time, liquid is supplied from the lower part of the inner cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 by means of a circulation pump 3 through a spiral heat exchanger 10 to the water supply nozzle 14.

Due to the tangential orientation of the nozzle 14 relative to the housing 8 of the combustion chamber 7 and under the influence of its own gravity, the fluid exiting the nozzle 14 in the form of a jet makes a spiral motion from top to bottom on the inner surface of the specified housing 8 and heats up under the influence of thermal radiation energy the flame of a gas burner And having a temperature of the order of 1200-1500 ⁰ C, from rising up along the combustion chamber 7 hot combustion products having a temperature of the order of 900-1200 ⁰ C, and from the housing 8 having a relatively low temperature of the order of 100-150 ⁰ C due to the fact that the housing 8 is closed from the flame of the gas burner 11 and from the hot combustion products with water draining along its inner wall. The spiral motion of the liquid along the inner surface of the housing 8 of the combustion chamber 7 increases the area and duration of direct contact of a unit volume of the fluid passing through the nozzles 14 (for example, lcm ³ ) with the flame of the gas burner 11 and hot combustion products, thereby increasing the temperature of the heating fluid 17 in the heat exchanger 2 and, accordingly, increases the efficiency of use of thermal energy released during the combustion of the gas-air mixture in the chamber 7.

The combustion products coming up from the chamber 7 pass through the end gap between the housing 8 and the cover 5, then they turn down and at a temperature of about 600-800 ⁰ C enter a spiral channel 26, passing through which at a temperature of about 50-90 ⁰ C at the entrance of the outlet pipe 6, which are discharged into the atmosphere. During this movement, the hot combustion products heat the lid 5 and the spiral heat exchanger 10, as well as the housing 4 of the boiler unit 1 and the housing 8 of the combustion chamber 7. As a result of the heat exchange inside the boiler 1, the liquid entering the additional nozzle 14 is preheated in the spiral heat exchanger 10 to a temperature of about 80-90 ⁰ C, and air introduced to the gas burner 11 of supply line 13 (e.g., fan 67) through the annular cavity 30 is preheated by the heat from a the lid 5 and the housing 4.

After heating in the chamber 7, part of the liquid entering the combustion chamber 7 from the nozzle 14 flows down the inner wall of the housing 8 of the chamber into the inner cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 and becomes the heating fluid 17 of the heat exchanger, which is used to heat the water supplied by the circulation pump 65 from line 20 to the input 19 of the heat exchange element 18 of the heat exchanger 2 and removed after heating from the output 21 of the specified element 18 through line 22 to consumers of hot water. Another part of the liquid entering the combustion chamber 7 from the nozzle 14, under the influence of thermal radiation of the flame of the gas burner 11 and hot combustion products, evaporates and in the form of water vapor mixed with the combustion products, enters from the combustion chamber 7 into the annular cavity 9. In this case, the predominant part of these water vapor condenses on the inner wall of the housing 4, the coils of the spiral heat exchanger 10 and the inner wall of the chimney 6, and a small part of these water vapor, which did not have time to condense, is carried out from the annular cavity 9 together with the combustion products into the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe 6. Due to the condensation of water vapor, the combustion products dehydrated and at the same time give their heat to the condensate, due to which the combustion products leaving the pipe 6 are practically invisible visually and have a low temperature, and therefore are not fire hazard, which allows significantly reduce the height of the outlet pipe 6.

Hot condensate resulting from the indicated condensation of water vapor in the annular cavity 9 and the outlet pipe 6 flows to the bottom of the annular cavity 9, from where it flows by gravity along a drain line (not shown), for example, into the internal cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2, replenishing the volume of the heating liquid 17 in the latter, or into the sewer, or into some container for sludge and purification of condensate (not shown). In a plant equipped with a tank 31 (FIG. 3), hot condensate flows by gravity to the indicated tank 31 through a hydraulic shutter 35, which blocks the passage of combustion products from the annular cavity 9 into the tank 31. In the tank 31, the condensate 32 settles and is cleaned of impurities during the sludge mainly from CO and CO ₂ oxides, and through a filter 34 to prevent material 33 from entering the heating liquid 17, it enters the lower part of the inner cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2, where it is used as the heating liquid 17. Since the tank 31 and the heat exchanger 2 are Condensing 32 in the tank 31 and the heating liquid 17 in the heat exchanger 2 are at the same level as communicating vessels. With the beginning of the rise in the level of the heating fluid 17 in the heat exchanger 2 above the permissible maximum level, the condensate 32 begins to flow from the tank 31 through the overflow hole 36 into the drain line 37, through which it is drained, for example, into a sewer or special tank, thereby eliminating a further rise in the level of the heating fluid 17 in the heat exchanger 2.

When the heat-generating installation, made according to the second embodiment, is used, the liquid from the lower part of the inner cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 is supplied through the nozzle 57 through the nozzle 57 (Fig. 8) or through the axial hole 59 (Fig. 10) into the inner cavity 55 of the condenser 50. After hitting the bottom of the indicated cavity 55, the liquid spreads radially along the lower and side walls of the condenser 50, cooling the latter, and enters the water supply nozzles 51. When this, at the outlet of each nozzle 51 a liquid stream is formed tangentially directed to the inner wall of the housing 47 of the boiler unit 46. Due to the indicated tangential direction of the jet and the action of its own gravity, the liquid exiting each nozzle 51 spirals downward along the inner wall of the housing 47 towards the inner cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 and at the same time heats up under the influence of thermal radiation energy from the flame of the gas burner 11 and from hot combustion products rising up along the combustion chamber 49. A portion of the liquid thus heated enters the internal cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 and becomes the heating liquid 17 of the heat exchanger, which is used to heat the water supplied by the circulation pump 65 from line 20 to the inlet 19 of the heat exchanger element 18 of the heat exchanger 2 and drained after heating from the outlet 21 of the specified element 18 through line 22 to consumers of hot water. Another part of the heated liquid under the influence of the specified thermal radiation evaporates and is mixed with combustion products in the form of water vapor. In this case, water vapor mixed with the combustion products rises upward along the combustion chamber 49 and condenses upon contact with the cooler working surface of the condenser 50, which is cooled from the side of the inner cavity 55 of the latter by the liquid supplied by the circulation pump 3 to the bottom of the cavity 55 from the bottom of the inner cavity 16 heat exchanger 2, where the temperature of the heating fluid 17 has the lowest value. The resulting hot condensate flows from the hollow body 52 into the condensate collector 53, from where it flows by gravity along the drain line 54 into the internal cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 (Fig. 10), replenishing the volume of the heating liquid 17 in the latter. In the installation equipped with a tank 31 (Fig. 8), hot condensate flows by gravity along a drain line 54 into a specified tank 31 through a hydraulic shutter 35, which blocks the passage of combustion products from the boiler unit 46 into a tank 31. In the tank 31, the condensate 32 settles during the sludge it is cleaned of CO and CO ₂ oxides and through the filter 34 it enters the lower part of the inner cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2, where it is used as a heating fluid 17. With the beginning of the rise in the level of the heating fluid 17 in the heat exchanger 2, the condensate 32 begins to flow from the tank 31 through the overflow hole 36 into the drain line 37, through which it merges, for example, into a sewer or a special tank, thereby eliminating a further rise in the level of the heating fluid 17 in the heat exchanger 2. When performing the installation according to the first embodiment with additional boiler units 41 (Fig. 7) or according to the second embodiment - with additional boiler units 63 (Fig. 13), the above-described installation procedure for each of its variants is preserved. Moreover, in the installation according to the first embodiment, hot condensate formed in the annular cavities 9 of the boiler units 1 and 41 is discharged along a common drain line 45, and in the installation according to the second embodiment, the hot condensate flowing in the boiler units 46 and 63 from the hollow bodies 52 into their condensate collectors 53, is discharged along a common drain line 64. The condensate discharged via any of the lines 45 and 64 flows through a hydraulic shutter 35 into a common tank 31, from which, after purification from CO and CO ₂ oxides, it passes through a filter 34 to the lower part of the internal cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 where ispo can be used as a heating liquid 17. Depending on the value of the set temperature of the heated water, which must be provided at the outlet 21 of the heat exchanger 2, for a given value of the volumetric supply of the source water to the input 19 of the latter, it can change as the value of the volumetric supply of the gas-air mixture to the gas burner 11 of each boiler unit of the installation, and the number of working boiler units of the latter.

The volumetric flow of fluid from the inner cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 to the additional nozzle 14 of the boiler unit 1 according to the first installation option or to each water supply nozzle 51 of the boiler unit 46 according to the second installation variant can be controlled within the specified limits using the valve 24. The specified volumetric fluid flow in each additional boiler unit 41 or 63 is performed using a valve 44. In this case, the volumetric supply of gas and air to the gas burner 11 can be controlled within predetermined limits, respectively, using the device 68 irovki feed gas and the fan 67, air supply volume at the outlet can be varied within a predetermined range by adjusting the number of operating revolutions of said fan body.

When separately heating water for the heating system and the hot water supply system (Fig. 14), cold water from the outlet of the heating system is supplied via line 78 using a circulation pump 86 to the compartment 82 of the end cavity 72 of the heat exchanger 2 and to the heat exchange tubes 71 communicating with each other compartments 82 and 84, flows towards the compartment 84 while heating from the heating fluid 17 surrounding these tubes 71. From the compartment 84, the heated water enters through line 80 to heating input. At the same time, cold water from the outlet of the hot water supply system and / or from the water supply network is supplied via line 79 with the aid of a circulation pump 87 to the compartment 83 of the end cavity 72 of the heat exchanger 2 and through the heat exchange tubes 71 communicating with each other compartments 83 and 85, flows side of compartment 85, from where heated water enters line 81 to the inlet of the hot water system.

When separately heating water for a heating system, a hot water supply system and a ventilation system (Fig. 15), a separate heating of cold water supplied to the heat exchanger 2 from the outlet of the ventilation system is added to the above-described separate heating of water for the first two of these systems of hot water consumers 88 by means of a circulation pump 95. The specified cold water enters the compartment 93 of the end cavity 72 of the heat exchanger 2 and flows through the heat transfer tubes 71 communicating with each other compartments 93 and 94 towards the compartment 9 4, from where the heated water flows through line 89 to the inlet of the ventilation system.

Industrial applicability

The most successful industrial application of the claimed heat-generating installation can be provided in the field of power engineering, mainly for heating water in heating systems and hot water supply of residential and industrial buildings and premises.

In the above description of the invention, two best design options of the claimed heat generating installation are disclosed, and information on the design and operation of these variants of the claimed installation is disclosed in the present description in an amount sufficient for the practical implementation of the invention and the implementation of its purpose. The list of reference signs in the drawings

1 - boiler unit;

2 - liquid-liquid heat exchanger;

3 - circulation pump; 4 - tubular body of the boiler unit (1);

5 - housing cover (4);

6 - output pipe;

7 - a combustion chamber;

8 - the housing of the combustion chamber (7); 9 - annular heat exchange cavity;

10 - spiral heat exchanger;

11 - gas burner;

12 - line for supplying gas to a gas burner (11);

13 - line for supplying air to the gas burner (11); 14 - additional nozzles;

15 - tubular body of the heat exchanger (2);

16 - the internal cavity of the housing (15);

17 - heating fluid;

18 - heat exchange element of the heat exchanger (2); 19 - input of the heat exchange element (18);

20 - line for supplying cold water to the inlet (19) of the heat exchange element (18);

21 - output of the heat exchange element (18);

22 - line for discharging heated water from the outlet (21) of the heat exchange element (18);

23 - a line for draining water from the internal cavity (16) of the housing (15) to the spiral heat exchanger (10);

24 - adjusting valve;

25 - a through hole in the housing (8) of the combustion chamber (7);

26 - spiral channel for the passage of combustion products;

27 - ejection nozzles; 28 - mixing pipe;

29 - a casing;

30 - air cavity;

31 - capacity for collecting and cleaning condensate; 32 - condensate;

33 - water purification material;

34 - filter;

35 - hydraulic shutter; 36 - overflow hole of the tank (31); 37 - drain line capacity (31); 38-40 - detachable connections;

41 - additional boiler units;

42 - additional circulation pump; 43 - line for draining water from the internal cavity (16) of the housing (15) to the spiral heat exchanger (10) of the additional boiler unit (41);

44 - control valve;

45 - drain line, which serves to drain the condensate from the cavities 9 of the boiler units (1) and (41) into the tank (31); 46 - boiler;

47 - tubular body of the boiler unit 46;

48 - output pipe;

49 - combustion chamber;

50 - water vapor condenser; 51 - water supply nozzles;

52 - a closed hollow body serving as a capacitor (50);

53 - a collection of condensate draining from the condenser (50);

54 - drain line condensate collector (53);

55 - the internal cavity of the hollow body (52); 56 - body of revolution, as an embodiment of the hollow body (52);

57 - a pipe communicating the internal cavity (55) of the hollow body (52) with the output of the circulation pump (3);

58 - the upper wall of the body of revolution (56);

59 - axial hole in the wall (58); 60 - longitudinal corrugations of a hollow body (52); 61.62 - detachable connections; 63 - additional boiler units; 64 is a drain line used to drain condensate from condensate collectors (53) of boiler units (46) and (63);

65 - circulation pump;

66 - filter; 67 - fan;

68 - device for adjusting the gas supply;

69 - pipeline for supplying gas to the nozzle 27 from the gas network;

70 - tubular spiral;

71 - heat transfer tubes; 72, 73 - end cavity of the heat exchanger (2);

74, 75 — transverse partitions of the heat exchanger (2);

76, 77 - holes, respectively, in the partitions (74) and (75);

78 - line for supplying water to the heat exchanger (2) from the output of the heating system;

79 - water supply line to the heat exchanger (2) from the outlet of the hot water supply system;

80 - line for removing heated water from the heat exchanger (2) to the input of the heating system;

81 is a line for discharging heated water from a heat exchanger (2) to the input of a hot water supply system;

82, 83 - compartments of the end cavity (72) of the heat exchanger (2); 84, 85 - compartments of the end cavity (73) of the heat exchanger (2); 86, 87 - circulation pumps;

88 - water supply line to the heat exchanger (2) from the outlet of the ventilation system;

89 - line for the removal of heated water from the heat exchanger (2) to the inlet of the ventilation system; 90 - air heater;

91 - fan used to supply air to the air heater (90);

92 - exit of heated air from the air heater (90);

93 - compartment of the end cavity (72) of the heat exchanger (2);

94 - compartment of the end cavity (73) of the heat exchanger (2); 95 - circulation pump;

96 - radial partitions separating from each other the compartments (82), (83) and (93) of the end cavity (72) and the compartments (84), (85) and (94) of the end cavity (73)

Claims

CLAIM

1. Heat generating installation comprising a liquid-liquid heat exchanger with a housing, the internal cavity of which is filled with heating fluid, and a heat exchange element located in the housing and connected to the supply and exhaust lines of the heated fluid, a circulation pump, the input of which is connected to the internal cavity of the housing the specified heat exchanger, preferably to the lower part of the latter, and a boiler unit containing a vertical or close to vertical housing with a cover and a pipe for exhausting combustion products, cam a combustion unit with a cylindrical tubular casing mounted longitudinally in the boiler casing with the formation of an annular heat-exchange cavity with a closed lower end between the latter and the casing of the combustion chamber, a spiral heat exchanger installed in the specified annular cavity, a gas burner installed in the combustion chamber and connected to the supply lines to gas and air, and a water supply nozzle installed in the upper part of the boiler body and connected to the outlet of the circulation pump, characterized in that it is warm the liquid-liquid exchanger is installed under the boiler and connected with its upper part to the lower part of the boiler with a message from the upper part of the internal cavity of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger to the combustion chamber of the boiler and the location of the mentioned level of heating liquid below the combustion chamber, and the spiral heat exchanger serves to heating the fluid supplied by the circulation pump to the water supply nozzle, and is connected by its lower end to the outlet of the circulation pump, and the upper end to the water supply nozzle the outlet of which communicates with the combustion chamber of the boiler unit, wherein the input of the pipe for exhausting combustion products is connected to the annular heat exchange cavity of the boiler unit, preferably to the lower part of the latter, a through hole is made in the upper part of the housing of the combustion chamber, and the water supply nozzle is placed in the specified hole and is directed tangentially to the housing of the combustion chamber with the possibility of movement of the fluid emerging from the specified nozzle in a spiral downward along the inner wall of the housing of the combustion chamber, the upper end of which is located at the top of boiler housing with mechanical clearance relative to the lid of the latter, ensuring the passage therethrough of the combustion products from the combustion chamber into an annular heat exchange chamber boiler.

2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas burner has a cylindrical shape, is located coaxially to the body of the combustion chamber and is configured to form a flame with thermal radiation directed mainly radially from the gas burner to the inner surface of the body of the combustion chamber.

3. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the upper end of the gas burner is located under the water nozzle near the latter.

4. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the gas burner is made preferably in the form of a slot or infrared gas burner.

5. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the boiler body has a cylindrical shape and is located coaxially to the body of the combustion chamber, while the walls of the body of the boiler and the body of the combustion chamber facing the spiral heat exchanger are located near the turns of the latter with the formation between these turns and the mentioned walls of the boiler body and the combustion chamber of the spiral channel for the passage of combustion products from the combustion chamber to the inlet of the pipe to exhaust combustion products.

6. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the spiral heat exchanger is made of corrugated tube.

7. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the boiler body and its cover are surrounded by a casing with the formation of an air cavity between the boiler and the specified casing integrated in the air supply line to the gas burner with the possibility of movement of the supplied air in the specified air cavity in the direction from the top to the lower part of the latter, while the specified air cavity has the shape of an annular cavity in the area of the boiler body.

8. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a condensate collection and purification tank, in which the lower part is filled with a water purifying material, preferably a deoxidizing agent, for example, chalk, and communicates above the level of said material with the lower part of the internal cavity of the heat exchanger "liquid - liquid ”, and the upper part communicates through a hydraulic shutter with the lower part of the annular heat-exchange cavity of the boiler with the possibility of discharge from the last condensate into the indicated tank by gravity and is made with overflow hole TIFA connected to a drain line and located at the same level as the maximum level of the heating fluid in said heat exchanger.

9. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the water supply nozzles are made tapering towards their outlet.

10. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the spiral heat exchanger is made of a cylindrical tube, and the water supply nozzles are made cylindrical with an inner diameter equal to the inner diameter of the specified tube.

11. Installation according to claim 10, characterized in that the water supply nozzles are made in one piece with the upper end of the spiral heat exchanger.

12. Installation according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the water supply nozzles are combined with the aforementioned opening of the combustion chamber housing, which is made tangentially to the inner surface of the latter and is hermetically connected outside the combustion chamber housing with the upper end of the spiral heat exchanger.

13. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the water supply nozzles are directed downward at a predetermined angle to the horizontal plane.

14. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid-liquid heat exchanger casing is tubular and is located longitudinally and preferably coaxially with the boiler unit casing, with the heat exchanger element inlet of said heat exchanger located in the lower part and the outlet in the upper part of the latter .

15. Installation according to 14, characterized in that the housing of the fluid-liquid heat exchanger is made in one piece with the housing of the combustion chamber.

16. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the body of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is tubular and is perpendicular to the body of the boiler unit.

17. The installation according to clause 16, characterized in that it is equipped with at least one additional boiler unit and, accordingly, one or more additional circulation pumps, the number of which is equal to the number of additional boiler units, while all the boiler units of the installation are identical in design and of each additional boiler unit, the lower part is connected to the upper part of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger body with the combustion chamber communicating with the upper part of the internal cavity of the specified heat exchanger body, and the lower onets spiral heat exchanger connected to the output of one of the additional circulation pump whose input is connected to the lower part "zhidkoct-zhidkoct" internal cavity of the heat exchanger body, the outlet each additional circulation pump is connected to a spiral heat exchanger of only one additional boiler unit.

18. Installation according to claim 17, characterized in that it is equipped with a condensate collecting and cleaning tank, in which the lower part is filled with a water purifying material, preferably a deoxidizing agent, for example, chalk, and communicates above the level of said material with the lower part of the internal cavity of the heat exchanger “liquid - liquid ”, and the upper part communicates through a hydraulic shutter with the lower part of the annular heat-exchange cavity of each boiler unit with the possibility of discharge from the last condensate into the indicated tank by gravity and is made with an apparent hole connected to a drain line and located at the same level as the maximum level of the heating fluid in said heat exchanger.

19. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat-exchange element of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is made in the form of a tubular spiral.

20. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that an end cavity is made at each end of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger housing, separated from the rest of the internal cavity of the specified heat exchanger by a transverse partition with openings, and the heat exchanger element of the specified heat exchanger is made in the form of a bundle of heat exchange tubes, located longitudinally to the heat exchanger casing, uniformly distributed over the cross-sectional area of the inner cavity of the casing and hermetically connected at their ends with openings across s partition said end cavities, one of which is connected to the supply line, and the second - to a heated liquid discharge line.

21. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is configured to heat water for the heating system and separately for the hot water supply system, is provided with two supply lines and two drain lines of the heated fluid, and is connected using one supply line and one branch line, respectively, to the outlet and entrance of the heating system and using the second supply line and the second branch line, respectively, to the outlet and entrance of the hot water supply system, while at each end of the casing of the specified heat exchange the end cavity is made, separated from the rest of the internal cavity of the specified heat exchanger by a transverse partition with holes, and divided into two separate compartments, and the heat exchange element of the specified heat exchanger is made in the form of a bundle of heat exchange tubes located longitudinally to the heat exchanger body, uniformly distributed over the cross-sectional area of the inner cavity of the specified body and hermetically connected at its ends with the holes of the transverse partitions of the indicated end cavities, moreover, in one of the end cavities, each of the compartments is connected to one of the indicated supply lines of the heated fluid, and the second of these end cavities, each of the compartments is connected to one of the indicated drainage lines of the heated fluid, while the compartment connected to the line the water ode from the outlet of the heating system is connected by said heat exchanger tubes to a compartment connected to the drain line of the heated fluid to the inlet of the heating system, and the compartment connected to the water supply line from the outlet of the hot water supply is connected by said heat exchanger tubes to the compartment connected to the drain line heated liquid at the entrance to the hot water system.

22. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is configured to heat water for the heating system, separately for the hot water supply system and separately for the ventilation system, equipped with three supply lines and three drain lines of the heated fluid and connected using one supply line and one drain line, respectively, to the output and input of the heating system, using the second supply line and the second drain line, respectively, to the output and input of the hot water system and using the third the first supply line and the third drainage line, respectively, to the outlet and entrance of the ventilation system, while at each end of the casing of the specified heat exchanger an end cavity is made, separated from the rest of the internal cavity of the specified heat exchanger by a transverse partition with holes, and divided into three separate compartments, and the heat exchange an element of the specified heat exchanger is made in the form of a bundle of heat exchanger tubes located longitudinally to the heat exchanger body, uniformly distributed over the cross-sectional area inside the cavities of the specified housing and hermetically connected at their ends with the holes of the transverse partitions of the indicated end cavities, moreover, at one of the end cavities, each of the compartments is connected to one of the indicated supply lines of the heated fluid, and at the second of the specified end cavities, each of the compartments is connected to one from the indicated drainage lines of the heated fluid, while the compartment connected to the line water supply from the outlet of the heating system, connected by said heat exchanger tubes to a compartment connected to the drain line of the heated fluid to the input of the heating system, a compartment connected to the water supply line from the outlet of the hot water supply, connected by said heat exchange tubes to the compartment connected to the heated drain line liquid to the inlet of the hot water supply system, and the compartment connected to the water supply line from the outlet of the ventilation system is connected by said heat exchange tubes to the compartment connected to m heating fluid drain line to the input of the ventilation system.

23. A heat-generating installation containing a liquid-liquid heat exchanger with a housing, the internal cavity of which is filled with a heating liquid, and a heat-exchange element located in the housing and connected to the supply and exhaust lines of the heated fluid, a circulation pump, the input of which is connected to the internal cavity of the housing the specified heat exchanger, preferably to the lower part of the latter, and a boiler unit containing a vertical or close to vertical cylindrical body located in its upper part a pipe for the removal of combustion products, a combustion chamber located inside the boiler body, a gas burner installed in the combustion chamber and connected to the gas and air supply lines to it, and a water vapor condenser installed in the upper part of the boiler body above the combustion chamber, which rise during operation together with the combustion products from the combustion chamber to the aforementioned pipe for removal of combustion products, and at least one water supply nozzle connected to the outlet of the circulation pump, characterized I mean that the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is installed under the boiler unit and is connected with its upper part to the lower part of the boiler unit with a message from the upper part of the internal cavity of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger to the combustion chamber of the boiler and the location of the mentioned level of heating liquid below the combustion chamber, each the water supply nozzles are installed with the possibility of draining the liquid leaving it into the combustion chamber of the boiler unit, and the water vapor condenser is made in the form of a closed hollow a mounted above a gas burner with a radial clearance in relation to the boiler body, providing passage through it of combustion products rising from the combustion chamber to the said pipe to exhaust combustion products, and liquid draining from each water supply nozzle into the combustion chamber, while the hollow body equipped with a condensate collector installed beneath it, located with the possibility of condensate draining into it from the hollow body and equipped with a drain line, the outlet of which communicates with the “liquid-liquid” heat exchanger cavity, the internal cavity of the hollow body communicates with the outlet of the circulation pump, and each of the water supply nozzles is fixed in the upper lateral part of the specified hollow body, is connected to the outlet of the circulation pump through the internal cavity of the hollow body and is directed tangentially to the boiler body with POSSIBILITY movement exiting from said fluid nozzle in a spiral down the inner wall of the boiler, wherein when the boiler with several of the water supply nozzles are arranged relative to the housing past boiler ensuring the possibility of movement of said fluid exiting the nozzles on the inner wall of boiler housing in one direction.

24. The apparatus according to claim 23, wherein the gas burner has a cylindrical shape, is located coaxially to the boiler body and is configured to form a flame with heat radiation directed predominantly radially from the gas burner to the inner surface of the boiler body.

25. Installation according to paragraph 24, wherein the lower end of said hollow body is located near the upper end of the gas burner.

26. Installation according to paragraph 24, wherein the gas burner is made preferably in the form of a slit or infrared gas burner.

27. The apparatus according to claim 23, characterized in that it is equipped with a condensate collecting and purifying tank, in which the lower part is filled with a water-purifying material, preferably a deoxidizing agent, such as chalk, and communicates above the level of said material with the lower part of the internal cavity of the heat exchanger "liquid - liquid ”, and the upper part communicates through a hydraulic lock with a drain line of the condensate collector of the hollow body of the boiler unit with the possibility of draining the condensate from the said condensate collector into the indicated tank by gravity and full with overflow orifice connected to the drain line and located at the same level as the maximum level of the heating fluid in said heat exchanger.

28. Installation according to item 23, wherein the said hollow body is made in the form of a boiler located coaxially with the housing, facing down and made in full or truncated form of a body of revolution, for example, a cone, a segment of a sphere or an ellipsoid, etc.

29. The installation according to p. 28, characterized in that on the axis of the specified body of rotation is installed hermetically inside the last pipe for the said message of the internal cavity of the specified hollow body with the outlet of the circulation pump, while the lower end of the pipe is located near the lower wall of the specified body of rotation.

30. The installation according to p. 28, characterized in that the upper wall of the specified body of revolution is made in the form of coaxial with the latter and the downward facing cavity, providing a smooth narrowing of the inner cavity of the specified body of rotation in the radial direction from the axis to the periphery of the latter, while in the upper an axial hole is made for the wall for said message of the internal cavity of the specified hollow body with the outlet of the circulation pump.

31. The installation according to item 23, wherein the part of said hollow body interacting with the combustion products that rise during operation of the installation from the combustion chamber to said pipe for removing combustion products is made corrugated with the arrangement of corrugations preferably longitudinally with respect to the boiler body.

32. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein each water supply nozzle is directed downward at a predetermined angle to a horizontal plane.

33. The installation according to item 23, wherein the body of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is tubular and connected longitudinally and preferably coaxially with the boiler body, the inlet of the heat exchanger element of the specified heat exchanger is located in the lower part, and the outlet is in the upper part of the last .

34. Installation according to p. ZZ, characterized in that the body of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is made in one piece with the body of the boiler.

35. The apparatus according to claim 23, wherein the “liquid-liquid” heat exchanger body is tubular and connected to the boiler body perpendicular to the latter.

36. The installation according to clause 35, characterized in that it is equipped with at least one additional boiler unit and, accordingly, one or more additional circulation pumps, the number of which is equal to the number of additional boiler units, while all the boiler units of the installation are identical of design and for each additional boiler unit, the boiler body is connected with its lower part to the upper part of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger body with a combustion chamber communicating with the upper part of the body cavity of the specified heat exchanger, and each water supply nozzle is connected through the internal cavity of the hollow body to the outlet of one of additional circulation pumps, the input of which is connected to the lower part of the internal cavity of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger housing, with the output of each additional An additional circulation pump is connected to each of the water nozzles of only one additional boiler unit.

37. Installation according to clause 36, characterized in that it is equipped with a container for collecting and purifying condensate, in which the lower part is filled with a water purifying material, preferably a deoxidizing agent, for example chalk, and communicates above the level of said material with the lower part of the internal cavity of the heat exchanger "liquid - “liquid”, and the upper part communicates through a hydraulic lock with a drain line of the condensate collector of the hollow body of each boiler unit with the possibility of draining the condensate from the condensate collector into the indicated tank ekom and is made with an overflow hole connected to the drain line and located at the same level with the maximum level of heating fluid in the specified heat exchanger.

38. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the heat-exchange element of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is made in the form of a tubular spiral.

39. The installation according to item 23, wherein at each end of the body of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger there is an end cavity separated from the rest of the internal cavity of said heat exchanger by a transverse partition with openings, and the heat exchanger element of said heat exchanger is made in the form of a bundle of heat exchange tubes, located longitudinally to the heat exchanger casing, uniformly distributed over the cross-sectional area of the inner cavity of the casing and hermetically connected at their ends with openings across partition walls of these end cavities, one of which is connected to the supply line, and the second to the drain line of the heated fluid.

40. The installation according to item 23, wherein the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is configured to heat water for the heating system and separately for the hot water supply system, is equipped with two supply lines and two heated liquid outlet lines and is connected with the help of one supply line and one drain line, respectively, to the output and input of the heating system and with the help of the second supply line and the second drain line, respectively, to the output and input of the hot water supply system, at each end the body of the specified heat exchanger is made end cavity, separated from the rest of the internal cavity of the specified heat exchanger by a transverse partition with holes, and divided into two separate compartments, and the heat exchanger element of the specified the heat exchanger is made in the form of a bundle of heat exchanger tubes located longitudinally to the heat exchanger casing, uniformly distributed over the cross-sectional area of the inner cavity of the casing and hermetically connected at their ends with the openings of the transverse partitions of the said end cavities, each of these compartments having each of the compartments connected to one of specified lines for supplying a heated fluid, and in the second of these end cavities, each of the compartments is connected to one of these a line for discharging the heated fluid, wherein the compartment connected to the water supply line from the outlet of the heating system is connected by said heat exchanger tubes to the compartment connected to the heating fluid outlet line to the input of the heating system, and the compartment connected to the water supply line from the outlet of the hot water system , is connected by said heat exchange tubes to a compartment connected to the drainage line of the heated fluid to the inlet of the hot water supply system.

41. The installation according to item 23, wherein the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is configured to heat water for the heating system, separately for the hot water supply system and separately for the ventilation system, is equipped with three supply lines and three drain lines of the heated fluid and is connected using one supply line and one drain line, respectively, to the output and input of the heating system, using a second supply line and a second drain line, respectively, to the output and input of the hot water system and using a third it has an inlet line and a third outlet line, respectively, to the outlet and inlet of the ventilation system, while at each end of the casing of the specified heat exchanger an end cavity is made, separated from the rest of the internal cavity of the specified heat exchanger by a transverse partition with holes, and divided into three separate compartments, and the heat exchange item specified the heat exchanger is made in the form of a bundle of heat exchanger tubes located longitudinally to the heat exchanger casing, uniformly distributed over the cross-sectional area of the inner cavity of the casing and hermetically connected at their ends with the openings of the transverse partitions of the said end cavities, each of these compartments having each of the compartments connected to one of of the indicated lines for supplying a heated fluid, and in the second of the indicated end cavities, each of the compartments is connected to one of these the outlet of the heated fluid, wherein the compartment connected to the water supply line from the outlet of the heating system is connected by said heat exchanger tubes to the compartment connected to the heated fluid outlet line to the input of the heating system, the compartment connected to the water supply line from the outlet of the hot water supply system, connected by the specified heat exchange tubes with a compartment connected to the drainage line of the heated fluid to the inlet of the hot water supply, and a compartment connected to the water supply line from the outlet of the ventilation system we said heat exchange tubes is connected with a compartment coupled to the heated liquid discharge line to the input of the ventilation system.