RU2381422C1 - Heat-generating unit (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating systems.

SUBSTANCE: invention is intended for water heating and can be used in heat engineering. Unit includes heat exchanger with housing, the inner cavity of which is filled with heating liquid, and heat exchange element for heated liquid, which is located in heat exchanger housing, boiler unit, combustion chamber with housing installed in a longitudinal direction in boiler unit body thus forming between the latter and combustion chamber housing an annular heat exchange cavity, spiral heat exchanger installed in annular cavity, and water supply head piece installed in upper part of boiler unit body. Heat exchanger is installed under boiler unit and its upper part is connected to lower part of boiler unit so that upper part of inner cavity of heat exchanger housing is interconnected with combustion chamber of boiler unit. Spiral heat exchanger serves for heating the liquid supplied with circulation pump to water supply head piece. In upper part of combustion chamber housing there is a through hole in which there arranged is water supply head piece directed tangentially to combustion chamber housing. Upper end of head piece is located in upper part of boiler unit body with edge gap relative to the cover of the latter. In upper part of boiler unit body, above combustion chamber, there can be installed water vapour condenser and at least one water supply head piece. Each water supply head piece can be installed so that the liquid leaving it can flow to combustion chamber of boiler unit. Water vapour condenser is made in the form of closed hollow body converging downwards and installed above gas burner with radial gap in relation to boiler unit body. Hollow body is provided with condensate receiver installed under it and equipped with drain line the outlet of which is interconnected with inner cavity of heat exchanger. Inner cavity of hollow body is interconnected with outlet of circulation pump. Each water supply head piece is fixed in upper side part of the above hollow body, connected to outlet of circulation pump through inner cavity of hollow body and directed tangentially to boiler unit body. When designing boiler unit with several water supply head pieces, the latter are located relative to boiler unit body with possibility of ensuring movement of liquid leaving the above head pieces along inner wall of boiler unit body in one direction.

EFFECT: invention provides increase in efficiency of unit, simplifying the design, manufacturing and operation, reducing weight, overall dimensions and cost of unit and increasing ecological safety of unit.

41 cl, 16 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a power system and can be used in heat generating plants designed for heating and hot water supply of industrial and residential buildings and premises.

Known heat-generating installation containing a liquid-liquid heat exchanger with a vertical cylindrical tubular body and placed in it a heat exchanger element in the form of a tubular spiral connected to the supply and exhaust lines of the heated fluid, a circulation pump and a boiler unit, which is made in one piece with the body of the specified heat exchanger a vertical cylindrical tubular body, inside of which there is a cylindrical flame tube mounted longitudinally and coaxially with respect to the body to a gas boiler with the formation of a gas burner and a contact heat exchanger located in the upper part of the boiler body with a water atomizer connected to the outlet of the circulation pump, with the lower part of the contact heat exchanger communicating with the specified annular cavity, to the lower part of which the input of the circulation pump is connected, and the heat-exchange element of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is installed in the specified annular cavity (patent RU 2013710, IPC F24H 1/10, publ. May 30, 1994).

Closest to the proposed heat-generating installation, the technical essence is the heat-generating installation adopted for the prototype, comprising a liquid-liquid heat exchanger with a housing, the internal cavity of which is filled with a heating fluid, and a heat exchanger element located in the housing and connected to the heating fluid inlet and outlet lines , a circulation pump, the input of which is connected to the lower part of the inner cavity of the casing of the specified heat exchanger, and a boiler unit comprising and integrally with the casing of said heat exchanger, a vertical cylindrical tubular casing with a cover and an outlet pipe for exhausting combustion products, a combustion chamber with a tubular casing mounted longitudinally in the boiler casing with the formation of an annular heat-exchange cavity with a closed lower end between the latter and the casing of the combustion chamber, serving as an inner cavity of the specified heat exchanger, a spiral heat exchanger installed in the specified annular cavity, a gas burner installed in the combustion chamber and connected to the gas and air supply lines to it and installed in the upper part of the boiler unit above the combustion chamber, a contact heat exchanger with a condenser of water vapor rising during operation of the installation together with the combustion products from the combustion chamber to the exhaust pipe, and a group of water nozzles forming a water spray connected to the outlet of the circulation pump and installed above the specified contact heat exchanger, made in the form of a duct with a sieve-shaped bottom, filled with backfill from Rashig rings, ceramics balls, etc. (Patent GB 2166853, IPC F24H 1/10, publ. 05/14/1986).

The presence in the known installations of a bulky and massive heat exchanger with backfill complicates the design of these plants and increases their weight and dimensions. In turn, the complexity of the design complicates the manufacture and increases the cost of the heat-generating installation, and the increase in weight and dimensions complicates its transportation and installation and narrows the scope of the installation, because It does not allow to place it in enclosed spaces and in open areas with a small usable area and restrictions on the weight of the installed equipment.

At the same time, the known plants have a low efficiency of using heat energy released during gas combustion in the boiler, due to the fact that the contact heat exchanger is located at a great distance from the gas burner, in connection with which the combustion products come to it at a lower temperature, and the water is heated it is carried out only through the backfill of the combustion products and the heat given off by the body of the combustion chamber, while a significant part of the thermal energy released during combustion remains unused gas in the boiler. The efficiency of using the indicated heat energy in known installations is also reduced due to the fact that the water entering the contact heat exchanger sprayer is cooled during its circulation from the annular cavity of the boiler to the specified sprayer, as well as due to the formation of a combustion chamber in contact with heating water on the outside scale, which reduces heat transfer from the housing of the combustion chamber to the heating fluid. Due to the low efficiency of the use of thermal energy released during gas combustion in the boiler, the specific gas flow rate required to heat a unit volume of water (for example, 1 m ³ ) to a predetermined temperature increases and the efficiency of the installation decreases.

However, in known installations, the evaporation of the liquid leaving the water supply nozzles is carried out at a great distance from the combustion chamber, as a result of which the efficiency of the combustion process of the gas-air mixture is reduced, which is expressed in a decrease in the completeness of combustion of the latter and an increase in the content of harmful impurities in the combustion products entering the atmosphere through output pipe of the boiler.

In addition, the material of the filling in the form of ceramic balls used in the contact heat exchanger of known installations during the operation of the installation is gradually destroyed by sharp temperature changes, which necessitates the periodic replacement of this material, which complicates the operation of the installation and increases the cost of production of hot water by the installation. However, in the process of destruction of the backfill material, a slurry is formed that is capable of partially or completely blocking the narrow gaps between the tubular spiral of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger, the housing of the latter and the flame tube in the installation according to the aforementioned patent RU 2013710, as a result of which water is supplied to the water spray contact heat exchanger can significantly decrease until the complete cessation, which ultimately reduces the reliability of the installation. In the installation of the prototype GB 2166853, the specified slurry settles on the bottom of the boiler body, which necessitates periodic cleaning of the bottom of the boiler body from the slurry, which complicates the operation of the installation and increases the cost of production of hot water by the installation.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a heat-generating installation, the design of which does not contain a contact heat exchanger with backfill and at the same time improves the efficiency of use of thermal energy released during gas combustion in the boiler unit and reduces the content of harmful impurities in the combustion products entering the atmosphere through the outlet pipe of the boiler unit.

The technical result obtained by the practical use of the invention is to reduce the specific gas flow rate required to heat a single volume of water (for example, 1 m ³ ) to a predetermined temperature, and to increase the efficiency of the installation, which is achieved by increasing the efficiency of use of thermal energy released during combustion gas in the boiler. However, the technical result of the invention is to simplify the design and manufacture, as well as reducing the weight, dimensions and cost of the heat generating installation by eliminating from its design a bulky and massive contact heat exchanger with backfill. The technical result of the invention is also to increase the environmental safety of the installation, provided by reducing the content of harmful impurities in the combustion products entering the atmosphere through the outlet pipe of the boiler. In addition, the technical result of the invention is to simplify the operation of the installation and reduce the cost of producing hot water by the installation by eliminating the inherent need for the prototype to periodically replace the backfill material in the contact heat exchanger and to clean the bottom of the boiler body from sludge. The technical result of the invention is also to simplify the transportation and installation of the heat generating installation and expand the scope of its application, which is achieved by reducing the weight and dimensions of the installation, which allows transporting the latter even on machines with low load capacity and placing the installation in closed rooms with limited usable area and small height, and in open places (for example, on roofs, in yards, in niches and extensions of buildings and structures) with weight restrictions / Or size installed on their equipment.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in the heat-generating installation according to the first embodiment, containing a liquid-liquid heat exchanger with a body, the internal cavity of which is filled with a heating liquid, and a heat-exchange element placed in the specified body and connected to the supply and discharge lines of the heated liquid a pump, the inlet of which is connected to the internal cavity of the housing of the specified heat exchanger, preferably to the lower part of the latter, and a boiler unit containing vertical or close to a tikal housing with a lid and a pipe for exhausting combustion products, a combustion chamber with a cylindrical tubular housing mounted longitudinally in the boiler body with the formation of a ring heat exchange cavity with a closed lower end between the latter and the combustion chamber body, a spiral heat exchanger installed in the specified annular cavity, gas burner installed in the combustion chamber and connected to the lines for supplying gas and air to it, and a water supply nozzle installed in the upper part of the boiler body and Connected to the outlet of the circulation pump, unlike the prototype, according to paragraph 1 of the claims, a liquid-liquid heat exchanger is installed under the boiler and connected with its upper part to the lower part of the boiler with a message to the upper part of the internal cavity of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger housing the combustion chamber the boiler and the location of the mentioned level of the heating fluid below the combustion chamber, and the spiral heat exchanger serves to heat the fluid supplied by the circulation pump to the water supply a nozzle, and is connected at its lower end to the outlet of the circulation pump, and the upper end to a water supply nozzle, the outlet of which is connected to the combustion chamber of the boiler, while the inlet of the pipe for exhausting combustion products is connected to the annular heat exchange cavity of the boiler, preferably to the lower part of the latter, in a through hole is made in the upper part of the combustion chamber body, and the water supply nozzles are placed in the specified hole and directed tangentially to the combustion chamber body with the possibility of movement the liquid leaving the specified nozzle in a spiral spiral down the inner wall of the combustion chamber body, the upper end of which is located in the upper part of the boiler unit with an end gap relative to the cover of the latter, which ensures passage of combustion products through it from the combustion chamber into the annular heat-exchange cavity of the boiler. In this case, the gas burner may have a cylindrical shape, may be located coaxially to the body of the combustion chamber, and may be configured to form a flame with heat radiation directed predominantly radially from the gas burner to the inner surface of the body of the combustion chamber. With this embodiment and arrangement of the gas burner, it is advisable that its upper end be located under the water supply nozzle near the latter, the gas burner is preferably made in the form of a slit or infrared gas burner, and the boiler body has a cylindrical shape and is located coaxially to the body of the combustion chamber, Therefore, it is advisable that the walls of the boiler body and the combustion chamber body facing the spiral heat exchanger be located near the turns of the latter with the formation of I wait for the indicated turns and the mentioned walls of the boiler body and the combustion chamber of the spiral channel for the passage of combustion products from the combustion chamber to the inlet of the pipe to exhaust combustion products.

The spiral heat exchanger of the boiler unit can be made of corrugated tube, and the boiler body and its cover can be surrounded by a casing with the formation of an air cavity between the boiler and the specified casing integrated in the air supply line to the gas burner with the possibility of the supplied air flowing through the specified air cavity in the direction from upper to the lower part of the latter, while the specified air cavity has the shape of an annular cavity in the area of the boiler body.

The installation can be equipped with a condensate collecting and cleaning tank, in which the lower part is filled with a water-purifying material, preferably a deoxidizer, such as chalk, and communicates above the level of the specified material with the lower part of the internal cavity of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger, and the upper part communicates through a hydraulic shutter with the lower part of the annular heat exchange cavity of the boiler with the possibility of discharge from the last condensate into the indicated tank by gravity and made with an overflow hole connected to the drain line and located at the same level with the maximum level of the heating fluid in the specified heat exchanger.

The water nozzles of the boiler can be made tapering to its outlet.

In addition, the spiral heat exchanger of the boiler can be made of a cylindrical tube, and the water supply nozzles can be made cylindrical with an inner diameter equal to the inner diameter of the specified tube, while the water supply nozzles can be made integrally with the upper end of the spiral heat exchanger or can be combined with the aforementioned opening of the combustion chamber housing, which in this case should be made tangentially to the inner surface of the combustion chamber housing and hermetically connected the outside of the latter with the upper end of the spiral heat exchanger.

The water supply nozzles of the boiler can be directed downward at a predetermined angle to the horizontal plane, not exceeding 30 °.

The body of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger can be tubular and can be positioned longitudinally and preferably coaxially with the body of the boiler with the location of the inlet of the heat exchange element of the heat exchanger in the lower part, and the output in the upper part of the latter, while the body of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger can be made in one piece with the housing of the combustion chamber.

In addition, the body of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger can be made tubular and can be located perpendicular to the body of the boiler. In this case, the installation can be equipped with at least one additional boiler unit and, accordingly, one or more additional circulation pumps, the number of which is equal to the number of additional boiler units, moreover, all boiler units of the installation are identical in design and for each additional boiler unit the lower part is connected to the upper part of the heat exchanger housing "Liquid-liquid" with the combustion chamber communicating with the upper part of the inner cavity of the housing of the specified heat exchanger, and the lower end is helically of the heat exchanger is connected to the outlet of one of the additional circulation pumps, the input of which is connected to the lower part of the inner cavity of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger body, while the output of each additional circulation pump is connected to the spiral heat exchanger of only one additional boiler unit.

With this installation, it can be equipped with a condensate collection and purification tank, in which the lower part is filled with a water-purifying material, preferably a deoxidizing agent, such as chalk, and communicates above the level of this material with the lower part of the internal cavity of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger, and the upper part communicates through a hydraulic shutter with the lower part of the annular heat-exchange cavity of each boiler unit with the possibility of discharge from the last condensate into the indicated tank by gravity and is made with a water outlet connected to the drain line and located at the same level as the maximum level of the heating fluid in the specified heat exchanger.

The heat exchange element of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger can be made in the form of a tubular spiral.

In another embodiment of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger, an end cavity can be made at each end of its body, separated from the rest of the internal cavity of the specified heat exchanger by a transverse partition with holes, and the heat exchanger element of the specified heat exchanger can be made in the form of a bundle of heat exchanger tubes located longitudinally to the body heat exchangers uniformly distributed over the cross-sectional area of the inner cavity of the specified housing and hermetically connected at their ends with TIFA transverse partitions said end cavities, one of which is connected to the supply line, and the second - to a heated liquid discharge line.

In addition, the liquid-liquid heat exchanger can be made with the possibility of heating water for the heating system and separately for the hot water supply system, for which it can be equipped with two supply lines and two drain lines of the heated fluid and connected using one supply line and one exhaust lines, respectively, to the outlet and entrance of the heating system and using the second supply line and the second branch line, respectively, to the outlet and entrance of the hot water supply system, while at each end of the housing specified heat the exchanger has an end cavity separated from the rest of the inner cavity of the specified heat exchanger by a transverse partition with holes and divided into two separate compartments, and the heat exchanger element of the specified heat exchanger is made in the form of a bundle of heat exchanger tubes located longitudinally to the heat exchanger body, uniformly distributed over the cross-sectional area of the inner cavity of the specified body and hermetically connected at their ends with the holes of the transverse partitions of said end cavities, m at one of the indicated end cavities, each compartment is connected to one of the indicated supply lines of the heated fluid, and at the second of these end cavities, each compartment is connected to one of the specified supply lines of the heated fluid, while the compartment connected to the water supply line with the output of the heating system is connected by said heat exchange tubes to a compartment connected to the drainage line of the heated fluid to the input of the heating system, and the compartment connected to the water supply line from the outlet of the hot water system zheniya, said heat exchange tubes is connected with a compartment coupled to the heated liquid discharge line to the input of the hot water system.

In another embodiment, the liquid-liquid heat exchanger can be configured to heat water for the heating system, separately for the hot water supply system and separately for the ventilation system, for which it can be equipped with three supply lines and three drain lines of the heated fluid and connected to using one supply line and one drain line respectively to the output and input of the heating system, using a second supply line and a second drain line, respectively, to the output and input of the hot water system and using the third supply line and the third exhaust line, respectively, to the outlet and entrance of the ventilation system, while at each end of the casing of the specified heat exchanger an end cavity is made, separated from the rest of the internal cavity of the specified heat exchanger by a transverse partition with openings and divided into three separate compartments, and the heat exchange element of the specified heat exchanger is made in the form of a bundle of heat exchange tubes located longitudinally to the heat exchanger body, uniformly distributed across a cross-section of the inner cavity of the specified case and hermetically connected at its ends with the holes of the transverse partitions of the indicated end cavities, moreover, at one of the indicated end cavities, each of the compartments is connected to one of the indicated supply lines of the heated fluid, and at the second of the specified end cavities, each of the compartments is connected to one of the indicated drainage lines of the heated fluid, while the compartment connected to the water supply line from the outlet of the heating system is connected by said heat exchange tubes with a compartment connected to the drainage line of the heated fluid to the inlet of the heating system, a compartment connected to the supply line of water from the outlet of the hot water supply is connected by said heat exchange tubes to a compartment connected to the drainage line of the heated fluid to the inlet of the hot water supply, and the compartment, connected to the water supply line from the outlet of the ventilation system, connected by said heat exchange tubes to a compartment connected to the drain line of the heated fluid to the input of the ventilation system.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in the heat-generating installation according to the second embodiment, containing a liquid-liquid heat exchanger with a body, the internal cavity of which is filled with a heating liquid, and a heat-exchange element placed in the specified body and connected to the supply and discharge lines of the heated liquid a pump, the inlet of which is connected to the internal cavity of the housing of the specified heat exchanger, preferably to the lower part of the latter, and a boiler unit containing vertical or close to tikal cylindrical tubular casing with a pipe located in its upper part for removal of combustion products, a combustion chamber located inside the boiler unit, a gas burner installed in the combustion chamber and connected to the gas and air supply lines to it, and installed in the upper part of the boiler unit above combustion chamber is a condenser of water vapor rising during operation of the installation together with the combustion products from the combustion chamber to the said pipe for removal of combustion products, and at least one a water supply nozzle connected to the outlet of the circulation pump, unlike the prototype, according to paragraph 23 of the claims, a liquid-liquid heat exchanger is installed under the boiler and connected with its upper part to the lower part of the boiler with a message to the upper part of the internal cavity of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger with the combustion chamber of the boiler unit and the location of the mentioned level of the heating fluid below the combustion chamber, each water supply nozzle is installed with the possibility of draining out of it liquid into the combustion chamber of the boiler unit, and the condenser of water vapor is made in the form of a closed hollow body tapering downward, mounted above a gas burner with a radial clearance in relation to the boiler body, allowing passage through it of combustion products rising from the combustion chamber to the mentioned pipe to exhaust combustion products , and liquid flowing from each water supply nozzle into the combustion chamber, while the hollow body is equipped with a condensate collector installed underneath it, which can be stacked condensate from the hollow body and equipped with a drain line, the outlet of which communicates with the internal cavity of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger, the internal cavity of the hollow body communicates with the output of the circulation pump, and each of the water supply nozzles is fixed in the upper side of the specified hollow body, is connected to the outlet of the circulation pump through the internal cavity of the hollow body and is directed tangentially to the boiler body with the possibility of movement of the fluid emerging from the specified nozzle in a spiral spiral of the inner wall of the housing of the boiler unit, wherein when the boiler with several of the water supply nozzles are arranged relative to the housing past boiler ensuring the possibility of movement of said fluid exiting the nozzles on the inner wall of boiler housing in one direction. In this case, the gas burner may have a cylindrical shape, can be located coaxially to the boiler body and can be configured to form a flame with heat radiation directed mainly radially from the gas burner to the inner surface of the boiler body. With this embodiment and arrangement of the gas burner, it is advisable that the lower end of the hollow body is located near the upper end of the gas burner, and the latter is preferably made in the form of a slit or infrared gas burner.

The installation may be equipped with a condensate collecting and cleaning tank, in which the lower part is filled with a water-purifying material, preferably a deoxidizer, such as chalk, and communicates above the level of the specified material with the lower part of the internal cavity of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger, and the upper part communicates through a hydraulic shutter with a drain line of the condensate collector of the hollow body of the boiler with the possibility of draining the condensate from the said condensate collector into the indicated tank by gravity and is made with overflow tverstiem connected to a drain line and located at the same level as the maximum level of the heating fluid in said heat exchanger.

Mentioned hollow body can be made in the form of a boiler located coaxially with the housing, facing down and made in full or truncated form of a body of revolution, for example, a cone, segment of a sphere or an ellipsoid, etc., while the axis of said body of revolution can be installed hermetically entering into the last pipe for the said message of the internal cavity of the specified hollow body with the outlet of the circulation pump with the location of the lower end of the specified pipe near the lower wall of the specified body of revolution. In another embodiment of the body of revolution, its upper wall can be made in the form of a cavity, coaxial with the latter and facing downward, to ensure smooth narrowing of the internal cavity of the said body of rotation in the radial direction from the axis to the periphery of the latter, while an axial hole is made for the said upper wall communication of the internal cavity of the specified hollow body with the output of the circulation pump.

In addition, a part of said hollow body interacting with combustion products rising during operation of the installation from the combustion chamber to said pipe for exhausting combustion products can be made corrugated with the arrangement of corrugations preferably longitudinally with respect to the boiler body.

Each water supply nozzle of the boiler can be directed downward at a given angle to the horizontal plane, not exceeding 30 °.

The body of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger can be tubular and connected longitudinally and preferably coaxially with the body of the boiler with the location of the inlet of the heat exchanger element of the specified heat exchanger in the lower part, and the outlet in the upper part of the latter, while the body of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger can be made in one piece with the body of the boiler.

In another embodiment, the housing of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger can be tubular and connected to the boiler body perpendicular to the latter. In this case, the installation can be equipped with at least one additional boiler unit and, accordingly, one or more additional circulation pumps, the number of which is equal to the number of additional boiler units, moreover, all boiler units of the installation are identical in design and for each additional boiler unit the boiler body is connected with its lower part to the upper part of the housing of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger with the combustion chamber communicating with the upper part of the inner cavity of the housing of the specified heat exchanger ka, and each water supply nozzle is connected through the internal cavity of the said hollow body to the outlet of one of the additional circulation pumps, the input of which is connected to the lower part of the inner cavity of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger body, while the output of each additional circulation pump is connected to each of the water supply nozzles only one additional boiler unit.

With this installation, it can be equipped with a condensate collection and purification tank, in which the lower part is filled with a water-purifying material, preferably a deoxidizing agent, such as chalk, and communicates above the level of this material with the lower part of the internal cavity of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger, and the upper part communicates through a hydraulic lock with a drain line of the condensate collector of the hollow body of each boiler unit with the possibility of draining the condensate from the said condensate collector into the indicated tank edema and provided with an overflow opening connected to a drain line and located at the same level as the maximum level of the heating fluid in said heat exchanger.

The liquid-liquid heat exchanger included in the installation according to the second embodiment has an identical design with the same heat exchanger included in the installation according to the first embodiment, which is reflected in the claims, in which the essential features of clauses 38-41 relating to the second installation embodiment are completely identical to the essential features in paragraphs 19-22 relating to the first installation option.

The implementation of the heat-generating installation according to the first embodiment in accordance with paragraph 1 of the claims and according to the second embodiment in accordance with paragraph 23 of the claims makes it possible to exclude the bulky and massive contact heat exchanger with backfill from the design of this installation, and to increase the efficiency of the use of thermal energy generated during gas combustion in the boiler , and reduce the content of harmful impurities in the combustion products entering the atmosphere through the outlet pipe of the boiler.

The efficiency of using thermal energy released during gas combustion in the boiler is increased in each of the options of the proposed installation due to the location of the contact heat exchange zone directly in the combustion chamber of the boiler. With this arrangement of the contact heat exchange zone, the heating of the liquid leaving the water supply nozzle occurs when the latter directly contacts the flame of the gas burner (radiant heat transfer) and hot products of combustion, and in the first embodiment of the proposed installation also with the hot surface of the inner wall of the body of the combustion chamber, which allows increase the temperature of the heating liquid filling the liquid-liquid heat exchanger.

At the same time, the efficiency of the use of thermal energy released during gas combustion in the boiler unit is also increased by providing the possibility for the liquid leaving the water supply nozzle to spiral downward along the inner wall of the combustion chamber body - in the first embodiment or of the boiler unit - in the second installation variant, which increases the contact area and time unit volume of liquid (e.g., 1 cm ³⁾ with a gas burner flame and hot combustion products, as in the first embodiment of inventive apparatus also hot inner wall surface of the combustion chamber body, whereby, ultimately, increases the temperature of the heating fluid in the heat exchanger "liquid-liquid".

In addition, the efficiency of heat energy generated during gas combustion in the boiler is increased in the first embodiment of the proposed installation also due to the fact that it provides preliminary heating of the liquid entering the contact heat exchange zone of the boiler, carried out in a spiral heat exchanger with hot combustion products, passing from the combustion chamber through the annular heat exchange cavity of the boiler. In the second embodiment of the proposed installation, the efficiency of using thermal energy released during gas combustion in the boiler unit is also increased due to the deep condensation of water vapor mixed with the combustion products on the condenser, made in the form of a closed hollow body tapering downward, equipped with a condensate collector and installed in close proximity from the combustion chamber. As a result of this condensation of water vapor, it is possible to obtain a high temperature condensate used as a heating liquid in a liquid-liquid heat exchanger.

In the first embodiment of the proposed installation, the elimination of the inherent characteristic of the prototype of the possibility of scale formation on the walls of the housing of the combustion chamber and the associated reduction in heat transfer of the said housing also helps to increase the efficiency of use of thermal energy released during gas combustion in the boiler unit. The exclusion of the specified scale is ensured due to the absence of heating fluid in the annular heat exchange cavity of the boiler, which is achieved by placing the liquid-liquid heat exchanger under the boiler with the location of the heating fluid level in the heat exchanger below the combustion chamber. In the second embodiment of the proposed installation, scale on the inner wall of the boiler unit is excluded due to the fact that the specified housing is protected from the flame of a gas burner by a liquid flowing downward along the inner wall of the specified housing, so that the latter has a low temperature.

However, the introduction into the design of the proposed installation according to the first embodiment of the preferred distinguishing features contained in dependent claims 2-8 of the claims provides an additional increase in the efficiency of use of the thermal energy released during gas combustion due to:

- enhancing the heating of the liquid exiting the water supply nozzle by the heat emitted by the flame of the gas burner, as well as the heat of the hot combustion products and the body of the combustion chamber, for which the gas burner has a cylindrical shape, is coaxial to the body of the combustion chamber and is configured to form a flame with thermal radiation, directed mainly radially from the gas burner to the inner surface of the combustion chamber body, and the upper end of the gas burner is located under the water supply nozzle close to the latter, the gas burner being preferably in the form of a slit or infrared gas burner;

- enhancing the heating of the liquid passing through the spiral heat exchanger by increasing the amount of heat transferred by the combustion products to the turns of the spiral heat exchanger and, accordingly, the liquid circulating through them, for which the boiler unit has a cylindrical shape and is located coaxially to the body of the combustion chamber, while the walls of the boiler body and the combustion chamber body facing the spiral heat exchanger are located near the turns of the latter with the formation between the said turns and the said walls the boiler body and the combustion chamber of the spiral channel for the passage of combustion products from the combustion chamber to the inlet of the outlet pipe, and the spiral heat exchanger is made of corrugated tube;

- the use of thermal energy released during gas combustion in the boiler to heat the air entering the gas burner in order to increase the efficiency of the combustion process of the gas-air mixture, which is expressed in increasing the completeness of combustion of the latter and reducing harmful impurities in the combustion products entering the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe of the boiler, why the boiler unit body and its cover are surrounded by a casing with the formation of an air cavity between the boiler and the specified casing integrated into the air supply line to ha a burner with the possibility of movement of the supplied air through the specified air cavity in the direction from the upper to the lower part of the latter, while the specified air cavity in the area of the boiler body is in the form of an annular cavity;

- cleaning and using hot condensate as a heating fluid generated during installation in the annular heat exchange cavity of the boiler, for which the installation is equipped with a tank for collecting and cleaning said condensate, in which the lower part is filled with a water purifying material, preferably a deoxidizer, such as chalk, and is communicated above the level of the specified material with the lower part of the internal cavity of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger, and the upper part communicates through a hydraulic shutter from the bottom hour Strongly annular heat exchange of boiler cavity to drain condensate from the latter into said container by gravity.

In addition, the introduction into the design of the proposed installation according to the second embodiment of the preferred distinguishing features contained in dependent claims 24-28 and 31 of the claims provides an additional increase in the efficiency of use of the thermal energy released during gas combustion due to:

- enhancing the heating of the liquid exiting the nozzle from the gas burner flame, as well as the heat of the hot combustion products and the hot boiler body, for which the gas burner has a cylindrical shape, is located coaxially to the boiler body and is configured to form a flame with heat radiation directed mainly radially from the gas burner to the inner surface of the boiler body, and the lower end of the hollow body acting as a water vapor condenser is located near the upper end of the gas burner, and the gas burner is preferably in the form of a slit or infrared gas burner;

- the use of hot condensate as a heating fluid resulting from the condensation of water vapor mixed with combustion products, for which the hollow body, which acts as a water vapor condenser, is equipped with a condensate collector installed under it, having a drain line, the outlet of which communicates with the internal cavity of the heat exchanger " liquid-liquid ”directly or through a container for collecting and purifying condensate;

- intensification and more complete condensation of water vapor by increasing the working surface of the water vapor condenser in contact with water vapor, for which the water vapor condenser is made in the form of a boiler located coaxially with the housing, facing down and made in full or in truncated form of a hollow closed rotation body, for example, a cone, a segment of a sphere or an ellipsoid, etc., while a part of the water vapor condenser interacting with the combustion products rising during operation of the installation from the combustion chamber pressure to the outlet pipe, made corrugated with the location of the corrugations, preferably longitudinally with respect to the body of the boiler.

Achieved in the proposed installation, an increase in the efficiency of use of thermal energy released during gas combustion in the boiler, provides an increase in the efficiency of the heat generating installation and the achievement of the technical result of the invention, which is expressed in the reduction of the specific gas flow rate required to heat a unit volume of water (for example, 1 m ³ ) to set temperature, and increasing the efficiency of the installation.

The evaporation of the liquid leaving the water supply nozzle, carried out in the proposed installation directly in the combustion chamber, allows to increase the efficiency of the combustion process of the gas-air mixture, which is expressed in an increase in the completeness of combustion of the latter and a decrease in the content of harmful impurities in the combustion products entering the atmosphere through the outlet pipe of the boiler, due to which ensures the achievement of the technical result of the invention, expressed in increasing the environmental safety of the installation.

However, the exclusion of the bulky and massive contact heat exchanger with backfill, which takes place in the prototype, ensures the achievement of the technical result of the invention, which is expressed in simplifying the design and manufacture of the heat-generating installation, as well as in simplifying the operation of the installation and reducing the cost of production of hot water by eliminating inherent in the prototype of the need for periodic replacement of the filling material in the contact heat exchanger and cleaning the bottom of the boiler body from sludge, resulting from the destruction of the material backfill.

In addition, the exclusion of a contact heat exchanger with filling allows you to reduce the weight and dimensions of the heat generating installation and thereby provides the technical result of the invention, which is expressed in simplifying the transportation and installation of the heat generating installation and in expanding the scope of its application.

At the same time, the introduction into the design of the proposed installation of the preferred distinguishing features contained in dependent claims 17 and 36 of the claims makes it possible to perform the installation in a cascade scheme with several boiler units identical in design, which makes it possible to increase the thermal power of the installation and makes it possible to control the indicated power in wide limits in accordance with the changing demand on the part of hot water consumers connected to the heat exchanger "liquid-liquid".

In addition, the introduction into the design of the proposed installation of the preferred distinguishing features contained in dependent paragraphs 21, 22, 40 and 41 of the claims, provides the ability to perform the installation with separate heating of water for different hot water consumption systems, in particular for heating systems, hot water systems and ventilation system, which can significantly reduce the number of valves, valves, circulation pumps, instrumentation and other equipment in the installation, which simplifies its design, manufacture and operation, and at the same time reduces its weight, dimensions and cost.

The variants of a heat generating installation presented in the invention form a single inventive concept and meet the requirement of the unity of the invention, since both options are aimed at solving the same problem - the creation of a heat generating installation, the design of which does not contain a contact heat exchanger with backfill and provides an increase in the efficiency of use of thermal energy released when gas combustion in the boiler, and a decrease in the content of harmful impurities in the combustion products entering the atmosphere through h the outlet pipe of the boiler, and these options allow you to get the same technical result - reducing the specific gas flow rate required for heating a unit volume of water (for example, 1 m ³ ) to a predetermined temperature, increasing the efficiency and environmental safety of the installation, simplifying manufacturing and reducing the cost of the heat-generating installation by simplifying its design, simplifying the operation of the installation and reducing the cost of production by the installation of hot water, as well as simplifying the protractor Installation and installation of a heat generating installation and expansion of its scope. Moreover, the specified technical result obtained when using the first variant of the proposed installation differs from the same technical result obtained when using the second variant of the proposed installation, only a quantitative measure. Moreover, the second variant of the proposed installation is preferable to its first variant with respect to the technical result, which is expressed in simplifying the design of the installation. At the same time, in the first variant of this installation, heating of the air supplied to the gas burner and preliminary heating of the liquid in the spiral heat exchanger are ensured, which increases the efficiency of using the thermal energy released during gas combustion in the boiler, and makes this installation option preferable to its second variant in in relation to the technical result, which is expressed in a decrease in the specific gas consumption, and an increase in the efficiency of the installation.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

- figure 1 is a General view of the heat-generating installation according to the first embodiment, in which the heat exchanger "liquid-liquid" body is connected longitudinally and coaxially with the body of the boiler, and the heat exchange element is made in the form of a tubular spiral;

- figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1;

- figure 3 is a fragment of a variant of the installation shown in figure 1, in which the installation is equipped with a container for collecting and cleaning condensate, and the heat exchanger "liquid-liquid" body is connected longitudinally and coaxially with the body of the combustion chamber, and the heat exchange element is made in the form tube bundle;

- figure 4 is a variant of a section aa in figure 1;

- figure 5 is a view along arrow B in figure 2;

- Fig.6 is a fragment of a variant of the installation shown in Fig.1, in which the case of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is located perpendicular to the boiler body, and the heat exchange element is made in the form of a tube bundle;

- Fig.7 is a cross-section BB in Fig.6, corresponding to the installation according to the first embodiment, made with several boilers;

- on Fig - a General view of the heat generating installation according to the second embodiment, in which the heat exchanger "liquid-liquid" body is connected longitudinally and coaxially with the body of the boiler, and the heat exchange element is made in the form of a tube bundle;

- figure 9 is a cross section GG in Fig;

- figure 10 is an embodiment of a water vapor condenser in the installation according to the second embodiment;

- figure 11 is a section DD in Fig;

- in Fig.12 is a view along arrow E in Fig.8;

- in Fig.13 is a variant of the installation shown in Fig.8, made with several boiler units and with a liquid-liquid heat exchanger, in which the housing is connected to the bodies of the boiler units perpendicular to the latter, and the heat exchange element is made in the form of a tubular spiral;

- Fig.14 is an embodiment of a liquid-liquid heat exchanger with separate heating of water for a heating system and a hot water supply system;

- Fig. 15 is an embodiment of a liquid-liquid heat exchanger with separate heating of water for a heating system, a hot water supply system and a ventilation system;

- in Fig.16 - section FJ in Fig.15.

According to the first embodiment, the proposed heat-generating installation comprises a boiler unit 1 (Fig. 1), a liquid-liquid heat exchanger 2, and a circulation pump 3.

The boiler unit 1 contains a vertical or close to vertical tubular body 4 with a blind cover 5 and an outlet pipe 6, which serves to divert combustion products from the boiler unit 1 into the atmosphere, a combustion chamber 7 with a cylindrical tubular body 8 mounted longitudinally in the body 4 with the formation between the body 8 and the casing 4 of the annular heat-exchange cavity 9 with the bottom closed, the spiral heat exchanger 10 installed in the annular cavity 9, a gas burner 11 installed in the combustion chamber 7 and connected to the supply lines 12 and 13 to s gas and air, respectively, and the water supply nozzle 14 connected to the upper end of the helical coil 10 and its outlet communicating with the combustion chamber 7.

A heat exchanger 2 is installed under the boiler unit 1, connected with its upper part to the lower part of the boiler unit 1, and is preferably provided with a cylindrical tubular body 15, the inner cavity 16 of which is filled with heating fluid 17. A heat exchange element 18 is placed in the inner cavity 16 of the housing 15, through which the heated fluid circulates. At the heat exchange element 18, the inlet 19 is connected to the cold water supply line 20 from the water supply network and / or from the outlet of the heating system and / or hot water supply system and / or ventilation system (not shown), and the outlet 21 to the outlet line 22 connected with the entrance of the heating system and / or hot water system, and / or ventilation system. Moreover, a discharge line 23 is connected to the inner cavity 16 of the housing 15 of the heat exchanger 2, connecting the cavity 16 to the inlet of the circulation pump 3. The upper part of the said housing 15 is connected to the lower part of the housing 4 of the boiler unit 1 and the housing 8 of the combustion chamber 7 with a message the upper part of the internal cavity 16 of the housing 15 with the combustion chamber 7 and the location of the heating liquid level in the specified cavity 16 below the combustion chamber 7, and in the outlet line 23 there is an adjustment valve 24, which also serves to shut off line 23 when removing the circulation pump 3.

In boiler unit 1, a spiral heat exchanger 10 serves to preheat the liquid supplied by the circulation pump 3 from the inner cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 to the water supply nozzle 14, and is connected at its lower end to the outlet of the circulation pump 3, and the input of the outlet pipe 6 is connected to the lower part of the annular cavity 9 At the same time, a through hole 25 is made in the upper part of the housing 8 of the combustion chamber 7 (Fig. 2), and the water supply nozzles 14 are placed in the indicated hole 25 of the housing 8 and is directed tangentially to the latter with the provision the possibility of movement of the liquid emerging from the nozzle 14 in a spiral downward along the inner wall of the housing 8, the upper end of which is located in the upper part of the housing 4 of the boiler unit 1 with an end gap relative to the cover 5, which allows passage through the specified gap of the combustion products from the combustion chamber 7 into the annular cavity 9.

To enhance the heating of the liquid leaving the water supply nozzle 14 by the heat emitted by the flame of the gas burner 11, as well as the heat of hot combustion products rising up the combustion chamber 7, and the heat of the housing 8, the gas burner 11 has a cylindrical shape, is coaxial to the housing 8 and is made with the possibility of forming a flame with thermal radiation directed mainly radially from the gas burner 11 to the inner surface of the housing 8 of the combustion chamber 7, and the upper end of the gas burner 11 is located under the hydrogen conductive nozzle 14 close to the latter. For the same purpose, the gas burner 11 is preferably made in the form of a slit or infrared gas burner.

However, to enhance the heating of the fluid passing through the spiral heat exchanger 10, the housing 4 of the boiler unit 1 has a cylindrical shape and is located coaxially to the housing 8 of the combustion chamber 7, while the walls of the housing 4 and the housing 8 facing the spiral heat exchanger 10 are located near the turns the latter with the formation between the said turns and the said walls of the housing 4 and the housing 8 of the spiral channel 26 for the passage of combustion products from the combustion chamber 7 to the inlet of the outlet pipe 6. For the same purpose, a spiral heat exchanger 10 can be made of corrugated tube (not shown), which allows to increase the area of its working surface and to strengthen due to this the heating of the liquid passing through it.

To ensure mixing of the gas entering line 12 with the air entering line 13, an ejection nozzle 27 is installed at the outlet of line 12, facing its outlet towards the mixing nozzle 28, at which the inlet communicates with the outlet of line 13, and the outlet with gas burner 11. In this case, to increase the efficiency of the combustion process of the gas-air mixture, the boiler unit 1 is configured to heat the air supplied through line 13 to the gas burner 11. For this, the housing 4 of the boiler unit 1 and its cover 5 are surrounded by a casing 29 with between the boiler 1 and the casing 29 of the air cavity 30, built into the line 13 for supplying air to the gas burner 11 with the possibility of movement of the supplied air through the air cavity 30 in the direction from the upper to the lower part of the latter, while in the area of the housing 4 of the boiler 1 of the air cavity 30 has the shape of an annular cavity.

To ensure the removal of condensate from the annular cavity 9 formed during the condensation of water vapor mixed with the combustion products, the lower part of the cavity 9 may be provided with a drain line (not shown), communicating, for example, with the internal cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2, or with a sewer, or with any container for sludge and condensate cleaning (not shown). However, in order to increase the efficiency of the installation by cleaning the specified condensate and then using it as a heating liquid, the installation can be equipped with a tank 31 (Fig. 3) for collecting and cleaning the condensate 32 formed in the annular cavity 9 of the boiler unit 1 in the process installation work. The lower part of the tank 31 is filled with water-purifying material 33, preferably a deoxidizer, such as chalk, and communicates above the level of the material 33 with the lower part of the inner cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 through the filter 34, and the upper part of the tank 31 communicates through a hydraulic shutter 35 with the lower part of the annular heat exchange cavity 9 of the boiler unit 1 with the possibility of discharge from the last condensate into the indicated tank 31 by gravity. In the upper part of the tank 31 there is an overflow hole 36 located at the same level with the maximum level of the heating fluid 17 in the heat exchanger 2. In this case, the overflow hole 36 is connected to a drain line 37 connected, for example, to a sewer or a special tank for sludge and cleaning (not shown).

The water supply nozzles 14 can be made tapering to its outlet (figure 2), and in the manufacture of a spiral heat exchanger 10 from a cylindrical tube of nozzles 14 can be made cylindrical (figure 4) with an inner diameter equal to the inner diameter of the tube from which the spiral heat exchanger is made 10. Moreover, the upper end of the spiral heat exchanger 10, i.e. nozzles 14 can be made integral with the upper end of the spiral heat exchanger 10, as shown in figure 4.

To simplify the design of the boiler unit 1 in any of the above embodiments of the water supply nozzle 14, the latter can be structurally combined with the hole 25 (FIG. 2) of the housing 8. In this case, the hole 25 is made in the form of a tapering or cylindrical water supply nozzle 14 directed tangentially to the inner the surface of the housing 8, and is hermetically connected to the outside of the housing 8 with the upper end of the spiral heat exchanger 10.

In any of the described embodiments of the water supply nozzle 14, the latter can be directed downward at a given angle α (Fig. 5) to a horizontal plane not exceeding 30 °. The optimal angle α is determined by calculation and / or experimentally, based on the conditions for ensuring the maximum temperature of the heating fluid 17 in the heat exchanger 2, as well as the most complete combustion of the gas-air mixture with a minimum content of harmful impurities in the combustion products at a given volumetric flow rate and a given gas-air component composition the mixture entering the gas burner 11, as well as at a given volume of the heating fluid 17 in the heat exchanger 2 and the volumetric supply of fluid to cage 14 and to the input 19 of the heat exchanger element 18 of the heat exchanger 2 and the predetermined geometric parameters of the boiler 1 and the heat exchanger 2, affecting the combustion process of the gas-air mixture and heat transfer processes occurring in the boiler 1 and the heat exchanger 2. It is advisable to choose this value of the specified angle α, in which adjacent turns of a spiral-shaped flow moving from the nozzle 14 exit along the inner wall of the housing 8 of the combustion chamber 7 merge with each other at their borders, forming a continuous and uniform thickness, the fluid flow on the inner wall of the specified housing 8. With this fluid flow through the housing 8, uniform heating of the liquid is ensured and almost all the thermal energy released during the combustion of the gas-air mixture in the combustion chamber 7 is used to heat the liquid, which ensures maximum installation efficiency.

The housing 15 of the heat exchanger 2 can be located longitudinally and preferably coaxially with the housing 4 of the boiler unit 1 (figure 1) with the location of the input 19 of the heat exchanger element 18 in the lower part of the heat exchanger 2, and the outlet 21 in the upper part of the latter. In this case, the specified housing 15 can be connected to the housing 4 of the boiler 1 and the housing 8 of the combustion chamber 7 by means of a detachable (eg, flange) connection 38. It is also possible to execute the housing 15 of the heat exchanger 2 in one piece with the housing 8 of the combustion chamber 7 from one pipe (Fig. .3) connected to the housing 4 of the boiler unit 1 by means of a detachable (e.g. flange) connection 39.

However, the housing 15 of the heat exchanger 2 can be located perpendicular to the housing 4 of the boiler 1 (Fig.6). In this case, the housing 15 can be connected via a detachable (for example, flange) connection 40 with the housing 4 of the boiler 1 and with the housing 8 of the combustion chamber 7.

With a perpendicular arrangement of the housing 15 of the heat exchanger 2 relative to the housing 4 of the boiler unit 1 in order to increase the thermal power of the installation and to provide the ability to regulate the specified power over a wide range in accordance with the changing demand on the part of consumers of hot water connected to the outlet line 22 of the heat exchanger 2, the installation can be equipped with at least one additional boiler unit 41 (Fig.7) and, accordingly, one or more additional circulation pumps 42, the number of which equal to the number of additional boiler units 41. All additional boiler units 41 are identical in design to boiler unit 1 and for each of them the lower part is connected to the upper part of the housing 15 of the heat exchanger 2 with the combustion chamber 7 communicating with the upper part of the inner cavity 16 of the housing 15 of the heat exchanger 2, and the lower end spiral heat exchanger 10 is connected to the output of one of the additional circulation pumps 42, the input of which is connected to the lower part of the inner cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 through an additional outlet line 43 last the one in which the control valve 44 is installed, which also serves to close the line 43 when dismantling the circulation pump 42. Moreover, the output of each additional circulation pump 42 is connected to the spiral heat exchanger 10 of only one additional boiler unit 41, i.e. each of the additional circulation pumps 42 is paired with only one additional boiler unit 41. In addition, the installation can be equipped with a common capacity for all boiler units 31 for collecting and cleaning condensate 32 and a common drain line 45 through which the lower part of the annular cavity 9 of each of boiler units 1 and 41 are connected to the upper part of the tank 31 through a hydraulic shutter 35 with the possibility of gravity draining into the tank 31 of condensate from the cavity 9 of each of the boiler units 1 and 41 along line 45. Moreover, the tank 31 has the upper part made with an overflow hole 36 connected to the drain line 37, and the lower part is filled with water treatment material 33 and communicates above the level of the latter with the lower part of the inner cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 through the filter 34.

In the second embodiment, the heat generating installation comprises a boiler unit 46 (Fig. 8), a liquid-liquid heat exchanger 2 located under it with a discharge line 23, and a circulation pump 3 connected by its inlet to the line 23 in which the control valve 24 is installed. the heat exchanger 2 is connected with its upper part to the lower part of the boiler unit 46, which contains a vertical or close to vertical cylindrical tubular body 47 with an outlet pipe 48 located in its upper part, which serves to discharge products with yelling from the boiler unit 46 to the atmosphere, the combustion chamber 49 located inside the housing 47, a gas burner 11 installed in the combustion chamber 49 and connected to the lines 12 and 13 for supplying gas and air, respectively, and a condenser installed in the upper part of the housing 47 of the boiler unit 46 50 water vapor and at least one water supply nozzle 51 connected to the outlet of the circulation pump 3 and installed with the possibility of draining the liquid leaving it on the inner wall of the housing 47 through the combustion chamber 49 into the inner cavity 16 heat exchanger 2.

The housing 15 of the heat exchanger 2 is connected with its upper part to the lower part of the housing 47 of the boiler unit 46 with the message of the upper part of the internal cavity 16 of the housing 15 with the combustion chamber 49 and the location of the level of the heating fluid 17 in the specified cavity 16 below the combustion chamber 49.

The condenser 50 is made with the possibility of contact of its side surface with water vapor rising during operation of the installation together with the combustion products from the combustion chamber 49 to the outlet pipe 48. In this case, the condenser 50 is made in the form of a tapering closed hollow body 52 mounted above the gas burner 11 s radial clearance in relation to the housing 47 of the boiler unit 46, providing passage through it of combustion products rising from the combustion chamber 49 to the outlet pipe 48, and liquid draining from each water supply nozzle 51 to the combustion chamber 49. The hollow body 52 is provided with a condensate collector 53 mounted under it, arranged to drain condensate into it from the hollow body 52 and provided with a drain line 54, the outlet of which communicates with the internal cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2, the internal cavity 55 of the hollow body 52 communicates with the output of the circulation pump 3, and each of the water supply nozzles 51 is fixed in the upper lateral part of the hollow body 52, connected to the output of the circulation pump 3 through the internal cavity 55 of the hollow body 52 and is directed tangentially to the body su 47 boiler unit 46 (Fig.9) with the possibility of movement of the liquid emerging from the nozzle 51 in a spiral downward along the inner wall of the housing 47 of the boiler unit 46. When the boiler unit 46 with several water supply nozzles 51, the latter are placed uniformly along the perimeter of the cross section of the condenser 50 and are relatively the housing 47 of the boiler unit 46 with the possibility of movement of the fluid leaving the nozzles 51 along the inner wall of the specified housing 47 in one direction.

To enhance the heating of the liquid leaving each water supply nozzle 51 as it passes through the combustion chamber 49, the gas burner 11 has a cylindrical shape and is located coaxially to the housing 47 of the boiler unit 46, while the gas burner 11 is configured to form a flame with thermal radiation directed mainly radially from a gas burner 11 to the inner surface of the housing 47 of the boiler unit 46, and the lower end of the hollow body 52 is located near the upper end of the gas burner 11. For the same purpose, the gas burner 11 flax preferably in the form of a slit or infrared gas burner.

The condensate collector 53 can have a different design, in particular, it can be made in the form of a round pan, bowl, funnel, etc., and its drain line 54 may have direct communication with the internal cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2, in which the specified line goes down through the gas burner 11 (figure 10) with the possibility of draining the condensate from the collector 53 directly into the internal cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 without cleaning the condensate from harmful impurities. In another embodiment, in order to increase the efficiency of the installation by cleaning the condensate discharged from the specified collector 53 from harmful impurities, the installation can be equipped with a tank 31 (Fig. 8) for collecting and cleaning the condensate, in which the lower part is filled with water-purifying material 33, preferably a deoxidizer, for example, in chalk, and communicates above the level of the specified material with the lower part of the inner cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 through the filter 34, and the upper part communicates through a hydraulic shutter 35 with the drain line 54 of the collector to condensate 53 with the possibility of draining the condensate from the specified collector 53 into the tank 31 by gravity and made with an overflow hole 36 connected to the drain line 37 and located at the same level with the maximum level of the heating fluid 17 in the heat exchanger 2. In this case, the drain line 54 of the condensate collector 53 is communicated with the internal cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 through the water seal 35, the tank 31 and the filter 34, and the drain line 37 of the tank 31 can be connected, for example, with a sewer or a special tank for sludge and cleaning (not shown). The drain line 54 of the condensate collector 53 can be directed laterally from the bottom of the specified collector 53 with a slight downward inclination and can pass through a hole in the wall of the housing 47 of the boiler unit 46 with subsequent rotation towards the hydraulic lock 35 (not shown). In another embodiment, the drain line 54, it can pass through a gas burner 11 (Fig. 8) with the outward exit from the housing 47 of the boiler unit 46 and subsequent connection with a water seal 35.

The hollow body 52 may have a different geometric shape of the working surface interacting with the combustion products exiting the combustion chamber 49 into the exhaust pipe 48. It can be made, for example, in the form of a boiler unit 46 located coaxially with the housing 47, facing down and made in full or a truncated view of a body of revolution 56, for example, a cone, a segment of a sphere or an ellipsoid, and the like.

By way of example, said rotation body 56 is shown in FIG. 8 as a truncated cone. This embodiment of the rotation body 56 is probably the easiest to manufacture technologically. On the axis of the body of revolution 56 is installed hermetically entering the inside of the last pipe 57, in which the upper end is connected to the outlet of the circulation pump 3, and the lower end is located near the lower wall of the body of revolution 56.

In another embodiment of the body of revolution 56, its upper wall 58 (FIG. 10) can be made in the form of a cavity coaxial with the latter and facing downward to ensure smooth narrowing of the internal cavity 55 of the body of revolution 56 in the radial direction from the axis to the periphery of the latter. In this case, an axial hole 59 is made in the upper wall 58 for communicating the specified internal cavity 55 with the output of the circulation pump 3.

However, in any embodiment of the hollow body 52 with the aim of intensification and more complete condensation of water vapor by increasing the working surface of the hollow body 52 that comes into contact with water vapor contained in the combustion products, the part of the hollow body 52 interacting with the combustion products , rising during operation of the installation from the combustion chamber 49 to the outlet pipe 48, can be made corrugated. In this case, the side wall of the hollow body 52 is made with corrugations, preferably located longitudinally relative to the housing 47 of the boiler unit 46. As an example of the implementation of such an improvement, Figs. 8, 9 and 11 show an embodiment of a water vapor condenser 50 in the form of a hollow body 52 having the shape of a truncated cone, the side wall of which is made corrugated with longitudinal corrugations 60.

Each water nozzle 51 can be directed downward at a predetermined angle β (Fig. 12) to a horizontal plane not exceeding 30 °. The optimal value of the angle β is determined in the same way as the value of the angle α (figure 5) in the first embodiment of the proposed installation. When executing a boiler unit 46 with several water supply nozzles 51, the latter can be installed on the condenser 50 with the specified angle β equal or different in magnitude. In this case, it is advisable to choose a value of the indicated angle β for each of the nozzles 51, at which the fluid flows coming from different nozzles 51 do not overlap and at the same time merge with each other at their boundaries, ensuring a continuous and uniform thickness the fluid flow on the inner wall of the housing 47 of the boiler 46. With this fluid flow through the housing 47, the fluid is uniformly heated and almost all the thermal energy released during the combustion of the gas-air mixture in the combustion chamber 49 is used etsya liquid heating that provides the maximum efficiency of the installation.

The housing 15 of the heat exchanger 2 is made tubular and can be located longitudinally and preferably coaxially with the housing 47 of the boiler unit 46 or perpendicular to it. With a longitudinal arrangement of the housing 15 relative to the housing 47 (Fig. 8), the inlet 19 of the heat exchange element 18 is located in the lower part of the heat exchanger 2, and the outlet 21 is in the upper part of the latter. In this case, the housing 15 of the heat exchanger 2 can be made in one piece with the housing 47 of the boiler unit 45 from one pipe (figure 10) or can be connected to the specified housing 47 by means of a detachable (for example, flange) connection 61 (Fig. 8).

When the housing 15 of the heat exchanger 2 is perpendicular to the housing 47 of the boiler unit 46 (FIG. 13), the housing 15 can be connected to the housing 47 by means of a detachable (eg, flange) connection 62. Moreover, as in the case of installation according to the first embodiment, with one or several additional boiler units 41 (Fig. 7), the installation according to the second embodiment may also be equipped with at least one additional boiler unit 63 and, accordingly, one or more additional circulation pumps 42, the layer of which is equal to the number of additional boiler units 63. The additional boiler units 63 are identical in design to the boiler unit 46 and for each of them the housing 47 is connected by its lower part via a detachable connection 62 to the upper part of the housing 15 of the heat exchanger 2 with the combustion chamber 49 communicating with the upper part of the internal cavity 16 the housing 15 of the heat exchanger 2, and each water supply nozzle 51 is connected through the internal cavity 55 of the hollow body 52 to the output of one of the additional circulation pumps 42, the input of which is connected to the lower part the inner cavity 16 of the housing 15 of the heat exchanger 2 through an additional discharge line 43 of the latter, in which an adjustment valve 44 is installed. Moreover, the output of each additional circulation pump 42 is connected to each of the water supply nozzles 51 of only one additional boiler unit 63, i.e. each of the additional circulation pumps 42 is paired with only one additional boiler unit 63. In addition, the installation can be equipped with a common tank 31 for collecting and cleaning condensate 32 for all boiler units and a common drain line 64 through which the drain line 54 of the condensate collector 53 is hollow body 52 of each of the boiler units 46 and 63 is connected to the upper part of the tank 31 through a hydraulic shutter 35 with the possibility of gravity draining into the tank 31 of condensate from the specified condensate collector 53 of each of the boiler units 46 and 63 a drain line 64. In this case the upper part of the tank 31 is provided with an overflow opening 36 connected to drain line 37, and the lower portion is filled vodoochischayuschim pictures 33 and above the latter communicates with the bottom of the inner cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 through the filter 34.

The proposed installation is also characterized by the following design features common to both of its variants.

Due to the low temperature of the combustion products at the outlet of each boiler unit of the installation and the low content of harmful impurities in these products, the pipe 6 or 48 for the removal of combustion products can be made in the form of a short pipe when the installation is located on an open area, for example, on a roof, in the yard or in a niche . If the installation is located indoors, the specified pipe 6 or 48 is made in the form of a chimney extending upward from the specified room.

To ensure a given speed of circulation of the heated fluid through the heat exchanger 2 to consumers of hot water (heating system, and / or hot water supply, and / or ventilation system), a circulation pump 65 (Figs. 1, 8) with a filter 66 can be installed in line 20 his entrance. In addition, to provide a predetermined volumetric air supply to the gas burner 11, a fan 67 can be installed at the inlet of the air supply line 13, and to enable adjustment within the specified limits of the volumetric gas supply to the gas burner 11, an adjustment device 68 can be installed gas supply, the input of which is connected to the pipeline 69 of the gas network.

In each installation option, the heat exchange element 18 of the heat exchanger 2 can be made in the form of a tubular spiral 70 (Fig.1, 13) or in the form of a bundle of heat exchange tubes 71 (Fig.3, 6-8, 14-16), uniformly distributed over the transverse end sections of the inner cavity 16 of the housing 15 of the heat exchanger 2 and arranged longitudinally to the housing 15. When the heat exchange element 18 is made in the form of a tube bundle 71, end cavities 72 and 73 are made at the ends of the housing 15 of the heat exchanger 2 (Figs. 3, 8), the first of which is connected to the input 19, and the second with the output 21 of the heat exchange element nta 18. The end cavities 72 and 73 are separated from the rest of the internal cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 by transverse partitions 74 and 75, respectively, in each of which holes 76 and 77 are made, evenly distributed over the area of the partition in which they are made, and the ends of the tubes 71 are hermetically sealed connected to said holes 76 and 77.

In order to simplify the design, manufacture and operation of the installation, as well as to reduce its weight and dimensions by reducing the number of valves, taps, circulation pumps, instrumentation and other equipment in the installation, the latter can be performed with separate heating of water for different systems hot water consumption, in particular for the heating system, hot water system and ventilation system. To enable separate supply of the heating system and the hot water system with hot water produced by the installation, the heat exchanger 2 with heat exchange tubes 71 can be configured to heat water for the heating system and separately for the hot water system. To this end, said heat exchanger 2 can be equipped with two supply lines 78 and 79 (Fig. 14) and two heated fluid removal lines 80 and 81 and connected via the supply line 78 and the removal line 80 to the output and input of the heating system and using the line 79 supply and line 81 branch respectively to the exit and entrance of the hot water system. In this case, the end cavity 72 is divided into two separate compartments 82 and 83, the first of which is connected to the line 78, and the second to the line 79 for supplying the heated fluid. Accordingly, the end cavity 73 is divided into two separate compartments 84 and 85, the first of which is connected to line 80, and the second to line 81 of the outlet of the heated fluid. While the compartments 82 and 83 of the end cavity 72 are connected by heat exchange tubes 71, respectively, to the compartments 84 and 85 of the end cavity 73, and booster circulation pumps 86 and 87 are respectively installed in lines 78 and 79.

To enable separate supply of the heating system, hot water supply system and ventilation system with hot water generated by the installation, the heat exchanger 2 with heat exchange tubes 71 can be configured to heat water for the heating system, separately for the hot water supply system and separately for the ventilation system. To this end, said heat exchanger 2 can be provided with three supply lines 78, 79 and 88 (Fig. 15) and three heated fluid removal lines 80, 81 and 89 and is connected to the output and input of the heating system using the supply line 78 and the exhaust line 80, respectively. , using the supply line 79 and the drain line 81, respectively, to the outlet and entrance of the hot water supply system, and using the supply line 88 and the exhaust line 89, respectively, to the outlet and entrance of the ventilation system, made, for example, in the form of at least one air heater 90 provided with a feed in zduh fan 91 and the outlet 92 of the heated air supplied into the room and / or drying chamber (not shown). In this case, the end cavity 72 is divided into three separate compartments 82, 83 and 93, the first of which is connected to line 78, the second to line 79, and the third to line 88 of the heated fluid supply. Accordingly, the end cavity 73 is divided into three separate compartments 84, 85 and 94, the first of which is connected to line 80, the second to line 81, and the third to line 89 of the outlet of the heated fluid. In this case, the compartments 82, 83 and 93 of the end cavity 72 are connected by heat exchange tubes 71, respectively, to the compartments 84, 85 and 94 of the end cavity 73, in the lines 78, 79 and 88, booster circulation pumps 86, 87 and 95 are installed, and the compartments 82, 83 and 93 and compartments 84, 85 and 94, respectively, of the end cavities 72 and 73 can be made in the form of sectors of these cavities, separated from each other by radial partitions 96 (Fig. 16).

To enable compensation of the volume of the heating fluid carried away in the vapor state through the outlet pipe 6 or 48, as well as lost when the condensate 32 is drained into the drain line 37 and as a result of leaks through leaks, the proposed installation in each of its variants can be equipped with a device for automatic feeding of the heat exchanger 2 with a liquid (not shown) connected to the inner cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 and configured to automatically feed the heat exchanger 2 with liquid w while reducing it in the heating liquid 17 level below a predetermined minimum value to the termination of said feeding when the level of the heating fluid predetermined maximum value.

The installation can be equipped with a support frame (not shown), and in the case of external use of the specified installation, it can also be equipped with a protective insulated casing (not shown).

The heat generating installation according to the first embodiment of its execution works as follows.

During combustion of the gas-air mixture entering the burner 11, heat radiation from the flame of the burner 11 is generated in the combustion chamber 7, directed radially to the inner surface of the housing 8 of the combustion chamber 7. At the same time, liquid is supplied from the lower part of the inner cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 by means of a circulation pump 3 through a spiral heat exchanger 10 to the water supply nozzle 14.

Due to the tangential orientation of the nozzle 14 relative to the housing 8 of the combustion chamber 7 and under the influence of gravity, the fluid exiting the nozzle 14 in the form of a jet makes a spiral motion from top to bottom on the inner surface of the specified housing 8 and heats up under the influence of thermal radiation energy flame gas burner 11, having a temperature of the order of 1200-1500 ° C, from rising up along the combustion chamber 7 hot combustion products having a temperature of about 900-1200 ° C, and from ca 8 having a comparatively low temperature of about 100-150 ° C due to the fact that the body 8 is closed by the gas burner 11 and the water from the hot combustion products flowing on the inner wall thereof. The spiral motion of the liquid along the inner surface of the housing 8 of the combustion chamber 7 increases the area and duration of direct contact of a unit volume of the fluid passing through the nozzles 14 (for example, 1 cm ³ ) with the flame of the gas burner 11 and hot combustion products, thereby increasing the temperature of the heating fluid 17 heat exchanger 2 and, accordingly, the efficiency of using thermal energy released during combustion of the gas-air mixture in the chamber 7 increases.

Coming upward from the chamber 7, the combustion products pass through the end gap between the housing 8 and the cover 5, after which they turn down and at a temperature of about 600-800 ° C enter a spiral channel 26, passing through which at a temperature of about 50-90 ° C the entrance of the outlet pipe 6, through which it is discharged into the atmosphere. During this movement, the hot combustion products heat the lid 5 and the spiral heat exchanger 10, as well as the housing 4 of the boiler unit 1 and the housing 8 of the combustion chamber 7. As a result of the heat exchange inside the boiler 1, the liquid entering the water supply nozzle 14 is preheated in a spiral heat exchanger 10 to a temperature of the order of 80-90 ° C, and the air entering the gas burner 11 from the supply line 13 (for example, from the fan 67) through the annular cavity 30 is preheated with heat coming from covers 5 and cases 4.

After heating in the chamber 7, part of the liquid entering the combustion chamber 7 from the nozzle 14 flows down the inner wall of the housing 8 of the chamber into the inner cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 and becomes the heating fluid 17 of the heat exchanger, which is used to heat the water supplied by the circulation pump 65 from the supply line 20 to the input 19 of the heat exchange element 18 of the heat exchanger 2 and exhaust after heating from the output 21 of the specified element 18 along the discharge line 22 to the consumers of hot water. Another part of the liquid entering the combustion chamber 7 from the nozzle 14, under the influence of thermal radiation of the flame of the gas burner 11 and hot combustion products, evaporates and in the form of water vapor mixed with the combustion products, enters from the combustion chamber 7 into the annular cavity 9. In this case, the predominant part of these water vapor condenses on the inner wall of the housing 4, the coils of the spiral heat exchanger 10 and the inner wall of the chimney 6, and a small part of these water vapor, not having time to condense, is carried away and the annular cavity 9 together with the products of combustion into the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe 6. Due to the condensation of water vapor, the combustion products are dehydrated and at the same time give their heat to the condensate, so that the combustion products coming out of the pipe 6 are practically invisible and have a low temperature, due to than not fire hazard, which can significantly reduce the height of the outlet pipe 6.

Hot condensate resulting from the indicated condensation of water vapor in the annular cavity 9 and the outlet pipe 6 flows to the bottom of the annular cavity 9, from where it flows by gravity along a drain line (not shown), for example, into the internal cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2, replenishing the volume of the heating liquid 17 in the latter, or into the sewer, or into some container for sludge and purification of condensate (not shown). In a plant equipped with a tank 31 (FIG. 3), hot condensate flows by gravity to the indicated tank 31 through a hydraulic shutter 35, blocking the passage of combustion products from the annular cavity 9 into the tank 31. In the tank 31, the condensate 32 settles and is cleaned of impurities during the sludge mainly from oxides CO and CO _2, and through a filter 34 which excludes ingress of material 33 in a heating liquid 17, enters the bottom of the inner cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2, where it is used as a heating fluid 17. as container 31 and the heat exchanger 2 I lyayutsya communicating vessels, the condensate 32 in the vessel 31 and a heating fluid 17 in heat exchanger 2 are flush. With the beginning of the rise in the level of the heating fluid 17 in the heat exchanger 2 above the permissible maximum level, the condensate 32 begins to flow from the tank 31 through the overflow hole 36 into the drain line 37, through which it is drained, for example, into a sewer or special tank, thereby eliminating a further rise in the level of the heating fluid 17 in the heat exchanger 2.

When the heat-generating installation, made according to the second embodiment, is used, the liquid from the lower part of the inner cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 is supplied through the nozzle 57 through the nozzle 57 (Fig. 8) or through the axial hole 59 (Fig. 10) into the inner cavity 55 of the condenser 50. After hitting the bottom of the indicated cavity 55, the liquid flows radially along the lower and side walls of the condenser 50, cooling the latter, and enters the water supply nozzles 51. At the same time, at the outlet of each nozzle 51 a liquid stream is formed, directed tangentially to the inner wall of the housing 47 of the boiler unit 46. Due to the indicated tangential direction of the jet and the action of its own gravity, the liquid exiting from each nozzle 51 spirals downward along the inner wall of the housing 47 towards the inner cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 and heats up under the influence of heat energy radiation from the flame of the gas burner 11 and from hot combustion products rising up along the combustion chamber 49. Part of the liquid thus heated enters the internal floor part 16 of the heat exchanger 2 and becomes the heating fluid 17 of the specified heat exchanger, which is used to heat the water supplied by the circulation pump 65 from the supply line 20 to the inlet 19 of the heat exchange element 18 of the heat exchanger 2 and removed after heating from the output 21 of the specified element 18 along the discharge line 22 to consumers of hot water. Another part of the heated liquid under the influence of the specified thermal radiation evaporates and is mixed with combustion products in the form of water vapor. In this case, water vapor mixed with the combustion products rises upward along the combustion chamber 49 and condenses upon contact with the cooler working surface of the condenser 50, which is cooled from the side of the inner cavity 55 of the latter by the liquid supplied by the circulation pump 3 to the bottom of the cavity 55 from the bottom of the inner cavity 16 heat exchanger 2, where the temperature of the heating fluid 17 has the lowest value. The resulting hot condensate flows from the hollow body 52 into the condensate collector 53, from where it flows by gravity along the drain line 54 into the internal cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 (Fig. 10), replenishing the volume of the heating liquid 17 in the latter. In the installation equipped with a tank 31 (Fig. 8), hot condensate flows by gravity along the drain line 54 into the indicated tank 31 through a hydraulic shutter 35, which blocks the passage of combustion products from the boiler unit 46 into the tank 31. In the tank 31, the condensate 32 settles during the sludge cleaned from oxides CO and CO ₂ through a filter 34 and enters the bottom of the inner cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2, where it is used as a heating fluid 17. With the start of recovery level of the heating fluid 17 in heat exchanger 2 above the permissible maximum level of condensation 32 starts to flow from the tank 31 through the overflow opening 36 in the drain line 37, on which fuses, e.g., in sewers or special container, thereby avoiding a further rise in the level of the heating fluid 17 in heat exchanger 2.

When performing the installation according to the first embodiment with additional boiler units 41 (Fig. 7) or according to the second embodiment - with additional boiler units 63 (Fig. 13), the above-described installation procedure for each of its variants is preserved. Moreover, in the installation according to the first embodiment, hot condensate formed in the annular cavities 9 of the boiler units 1 and 41 is discharged along a common drain line 45, and in the installation according to the second embodiment, the hot condensate flowing in the boiler units 46 and 63 from the hollow bodies 52 into their condensate collectors 53, is discharged along a common drain line 64. The condensate discharged via any of the lines 45 and 64 flows through a hydraulic shutter 35 into a common tank 31, from which, after purification from CO and CO ₂ oxides, it passes through a filter 34 to the lower part of the internal cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 where ispo can be used as a heating liquid 17. Depending on the value of the set temperature of the heated water, which must be provided at the outlet 21 of the heat exchanger 2, for a given value of the volumetric supply of the source water to the input 19 of the latter, it can change as the value of the volumetric supply of the gas-air mixture to the gas burner 11 of each boiler unit of the installation, and the number of working boiler units of the latter.

The volumetric flow of fluid from the inner cavity 16 of the heat exchanger 2 to the water supply nozzle 14 of the boiler unit 1 - according to the first installation option or to each water supply nozzle 51 of the boiler unit 46 - according to the second installation variant can be controlled within specified limits using a valve 24. The specified volumetric fluid flow in each additional the boiler unit 41 or 63 is carried out using a valve 44. In this case, the volumetric supply of gas and air to the gas burner 11 can be controlled within predetermined limits, respectively, using the device 68 Rovkov gas supply and the fan 67, the volumetric air flow at the outlet can be varied within a predetermined range by adjusting the number of operating revolutions of said fan body.

When separately heating water for the heating system and the hot water supply system (Fig. 14), cold water from the outlet of the heating system is supplied via line 78 using a circulation pump 86 to the compartment 82 of the end cavity 72 of the heat exchanger 2 and to the heat exchange tubes 71 communicating with each other compartments 82 and 84, flows towards the compartment 84, heating up from the heating fluid 17 surrounding these tubes 71. From the compartment 84, the heated water enters the heating system via line 80. At the same time, cold water from the outlet of the hot water supply system and / or from the water supply network is supplied via line 79 with the aid of a circulation pump 87 to the compartment 83 of the end cavity 72 of the heat exchanger 2 and through the heat exchange tubes 71 communicating with each other compartments 83 and 85, flows side of compartment 85, from where heated water enters line 81 to the inlet of the hot water system.

When separately heating water for a heating system, a hot water supply system and a ventilation system (Fig. 15), a separate heating of cold water supplied to the heat exchanger 2 from the outlet of the ventilation system is added to the above-described separate heating of water for the first two of these systems of hot water consumers 88 by means of a circulation pump 95. The specified cold water enters the compartment 93 of the end cavity 72 of the heat exchanger 2 and flows through the heat transfer tubes 71 communicating with each other compartments 93 and 94 towards the compartment 9 4, from where the heated water flows through line 89 to the inlet of the ventilation system.

The implementation of the proposed installation with the location of the contact heat exchange zone directly in the combustion chamber of the boiler allows to exclude from its design the bulky and massive contact heat exchanger with filling, which takes place in the prototype, which simplifies the manufacture, transportation, installation and operation of the installation and provides the possibility of its placement in places having restrictions on the usable area or on the weight of the installed equipment (for example, in basements, in yards, in extensions, n on the roofs or in niches of buildings or structures), which expands the scope of practical application of the proposed installation.

Provided in the proposed installation, the heating of water directly from the flame of a gas burner with the movement of the heated liquid in the area of the combustion chamber in a spiral allows to increase the temperature of the heating liquid filling the liquid-liquid heat exchanger. At the same time, the evaporation of water flowing directly inside the combustion chamber increases the efficiency of the combustion process of the gas-air mixture, which is manifested in an increase in the completeness of the combustion of the latter and a decrease in the content of harmful impurities in the combustion products entering the atmosphere through the outlet pipe of the boiler. In addition, in the first embodiment of the installation, the efficiency of the combustion process of the gas-air mixture is also increased by preheating the air supplied to the gas burner, and the efficiency of the installation is also improved by preheating the water in a spiral heat exchanger before the water enters the combustion chamber. In the second embodiment of the installation, the efficiency of its operation is also increased due to the deep condensation of water vapor mixed with the combustion products, carried out near the combustion chamber to produce a condensate with a high temperature, which is purified from harmful impurities and then used as a heating liquid. However, the placement of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger under the boiler with the location of the heating liquid level in the specified heat exchanger below the combustion chamber eliminates the contact of the heating fluid with the combustion chamber body in the proposed installation, which eliminates the formation of scale characteristic of the prototype on the outer wall of the specified housing and associated with this reduction in heat transfer of the latter. The indicated advantages of the proposed installation provide an increase in the efficiency of use of thermal energy released during gas combustion in the boiler, and, accordingly, a decrease in gas consumption, which, in turn, increases the cost-effectiveness of the installation and reduces the cost of the hot water generated by the installation.

In general, the present invention allows to create a compact, lightweight and highly economical heat generating unit with reduced gas consumption, low operating costs and low content of harmful emissions into the atmosphere. With one “liquid-liquid” heat exchanger, the installation can have a whole cascade of boiler units connected to it, which allows switching the required number of boiler units on and off to change the thermal capacity of the installation over a wide range in accordance with the changing current consumption of hot water at the outlet of the installation. At the same time, the housing of the combustion chamber in the proposed installation, in contrast to the installation of the prototype, is not a "fire tube", since it is protected from heating to high temperatures by washing the liquid coming from the water supply nozzle against its inner wall. Due to this, the housing of the combustion chamber has high durability and does not require expensive heat-resistant materials for its manufacture.

Claims (41)

1. A heat-generating installation containing a liquid-liquid heat exchanger with a housing, the internal cavity of which is filled with heating liquid, and a heat exchange element located in the housing and connected to the supply and exhaust lines of the heated fluid, a circulation pump, the input of which is connected to the internal cavity of the housing the specified heat exchanger, preferably to the lower part of the latter, and a boiler unit containing a vertical or close to vertical housing with a lid and a pipe for exhausting combustion products, to a combustion measure with a cylindrical tubular casing installed longitudinally in the boiler casing with the formation of an annular heat-exchange cavity with a closed lower end between the last and the casing of the combustion chamber, a spiral heat exchanger installed in the specified annular cavity, a gas burner installed in the combustion chamber and connected to the supply lines to gas and air, and a water supply nozzle installed in the upper part of the boiler unit and connected to the outlet of the circulation pump, characterized in that a liquid-liquid heat exchanger is installed under the boiler unit and is connected with its upper part to the lower part of the boiler unit with a message from the upper part of the internal cavity of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger body to the combustion chamber of the boiler and the location of the said heating liquid level below the combustion chamber, and the spiral heat exchanger serves to heating the fluid supplied by the circulation pump to the water supply nozzle, and is connected by its lower end to the outlet of the circulation pump, and the upper end to the water supply a cage, the outlet of which is connected to the combustion chamber of the boiler unit, while the input of the pipe for exhausting combustion products is connected to the annular heat exchange cavity of the boiler unit, preferably to the lower part of the latter, a through hole is made in the upper part of the combustion chamber body, and the water supply nozzle is placed in the specified hole and directed tangentially to the housing of the combustion chamber with the possibility of movement of the fluid emerging from the specified nozzle in a spiral downward along the inner wall of the housing of the combustion chamber, erhny end of which is located at the top of boiler housing with mechanical clearance relative to the lid of the latter, ensuring the passage therethrough of the combustion products from the combustion chamber into an annular heat exchange chamber boiler. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas burner has a cylindrical shape, is located coaxially to the body of the combustion chamber and is configured to form a flame with thermal radiation directed mainly radially from the gas burner to the inner surface of the body of the combustion chamber. 3. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the upper end of the gas burner is located under the water nozzle near the latter. 4. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the gas burner is made preferably in the form of a slot or infrared gas burner. 5. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the boiler body has a cylindrical shape and is located coaxially to the body of the combustion chamber, while the walls of the body of the boiler and the body of the combustion chamber facing the spiral heat exchanger are located near the turns of the latter with the formation between these turns and the mentioned walls of the boiler body and the combustion chamber of the spiral channel for the passage of combustion products from the combustion chamber to the inlet of the pipe to exhaust combustion products. 6. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the spiral heat exchanger is made of corrugated tube. 7. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the boiler body and its cover are surrounded by a casing with the formation of an air cavity between the boiler and the specified casing integrated in the air supply line to the gas burner with the possibility of movement of the supplied air in the specified air cavity in the direction from the top to the lower part of the latter, while the specified air cavity has the shape of an annular cavity in the area of the boiler body. 8. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a condensate collecting and cleaning tank, in which the lower part is filled with a water-purifying material, preferably a deoxidizing agent, for example, chalk, and communicates above the level of said material with the lower part of the internal cavity of the heat exchanger “liquid” “liquid”, and the upper part communicates through a hydraulic shutter with the lower part of the annular heat-exchange cavity of the boiler with the possibility of discharge from the last condensate into the indicated tank by gravity and is made with overflow from a hole connected to the drain line and located at the same level with the maximum level of heating fluid in the specified heat exchanger. 9. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the water supply nozzles are made tapering to its outlet. 10. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the spiral heat exchanger is made of a cylindrical tube, and the water supply nozzles are made cylindrical with an inner diameter equal to the inner diameter of the specified tube. 11. Installation according to claim 10, characterized in that the water supply nozzles are made in one piece with the upper end of the spiral heat exchanger. 12. Installation according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the water supply nozzles are combined with the aforementioned opening of the combustion chamber housing, which is made tangentially to the inner surface of the latter and is hermetically connected outside the combustion chamber housing with the upper end of the spiral heat exchanger. 13. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the water supply nozzles are directed downward at a given angle to the horizontal plane, not exceeding 30 °. 14. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is tubular and is located longitudinally and preferably coaxially with the boiler body, the inlet of the heat exchange element of the specified heat exchanger located in the lower part, and the outlet in the upper part of the latter . 15. Installation according to 14, characterized in that the housing of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is made integrally with the housing of the combustion chamber. 16. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the body of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is tubular and is perpendicular to the body of the boiler. 17. The installation according to clause 16, characterized in that it is equipped with at least one additional boiler unit and, accordingly, one or more additional circulation pumps, the number of which is equal to the number of additional boiler units, while all the boiler units of the installation are identical in design and of each additional boiler unit, the lower part is connected to the upper part of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger housing with the combustion chamber communicating with the upper part of the internal cavity of the specified heat exchanger housing, and the lower the end of the spiral heat exchanger is connected to the outlet of one of the additional circulation pumps, the input of which is connected to the lower part of the inner cavity of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger housing, the outlet of each additional circulation pump being connected to the spiral heat exchanger of only one additional boiler unit. 18. Installation according to claim 17, characterized in that it is equipped with a condensate collecting and cleaning tank, in which the lower part is filled with a water-purifying material, preferably a deoxidizing agent, for example, chalk, and communicates above the level of said material with the lower part of the internal cavity of the heat exchanger “liquid” “liquid”, and the upper part communicates through a hydraulic shutter with the lower part of the annular heat exchange cavity of each boiler unit with the possibility of discharge from the last condensate into the indicated tank by gravity and is made with a drain hole connected to the drain line and located at the same level with the maximum level of the heating fluid in the specified heat exchanger. 19. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchange element of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is made in the form of a tubular spiral. 20. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that at each end of the housing of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger there is an end cavity separated from the rest of the internal cavity of the heat exchanger by a transverse partition with openings, and the heat exchanger element of the heat exchanger is made in the form of a bundle of heat exchange tubes, located longitudinally to the heat exchanger casing, uniformly distributed over the cross-sectional area of the inner cavity of the casing and hermetically connected at their ends with openings cing said end walls of cavities, one of which is connected to the supply line, and the second - to a heated liquid discharge line. 21. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is configured to heat water for the heating system and separately for the hot water supply system, is equipped with two supply lines and two drain lines of the heated fluid, and is connected using one supply line and one branch line, respectively, to the outlet and entrance of the heating system and using the second supply line and the second branch line, respectively, to the outlet and entrance of the hot water supply system, while at each end of the casing of the specified heat the exchanger has an end cavity separated from the rest of the inner cavity of the specified heat exchanger by a transverse partition with holes and divided into two separate compartments, and the heat exchanger element of the specified heat exchanger is made in the form of a bundle of heat exchanger tubes located longitudinally to the heat exchanger body, uniformly distributed over the cross-sectional area of the inner cavity of the specified housing and hermetically connected at their ends with holes of the transverse partitions of these end cavities, and in one of these end cavities, each of the compartments is connected to one of the indicated supply lines of the heated fluid, and in the second of these end cavities, each of the compartments is connected to one of the specified lines of the heated fluid inlet, while the compartment connected to the outlet water supply line the heating system is connected by said heat exchanger tubes to a compartment connected to the drainage line of the heated fluid to the input of the heating system, and a compartment connected to the water supply line from the outlet of the hot water supply system The unit is connected by the indicated heat exchange tubes to a compartment connected to the drainage line of the heated fluid to the inlet of the hot water supply system. 22. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is configured to heat water for the heating system, separately for the hot water supply system and separately for the ventilation system, provided with three supply lines and three drain lines of the heated fluid and connected using one supply line and one drain line, respectively, to the output and input of the heating system, using the second supply line and the second drain line, respectively, to the output and input of the hot water system and using t an inlet line and a third outlet line, respectively, to the outlet and inlet of the ventilation system, while at each end of the casing of said heat exchanger an end cavity is made, separated from the rest of the inner cavity of said heat exchanger by a transverse partition with openings, and divided into three separate compartments, and the heat exchange an element of the specified heat exchanger is made in the form of a bundle of heat exchange tubes located longitudinally to the heat exchanger body, uniformly distributed over the cross-sectional area inside the early cavity of the specified housing and hermetically connected at its ends with the holes of the transverse partitions of the indicated end cavities, moreover, at one of the indicated end cavities, each of the compartments is connected to one of the indicated supply lines of the heated fluid, and at the second of the specified end cavities, each of the compartments is connected to one from the indicated drainage lines of the heated fluid, while the compartment connected to the water supply line from the outlet of the heating system is connected by said heat exchange tubes to the compartment, connected to the heating fluid inlet line to the heating system input, the compartment connected to the water supply line from the outlet of the hot water supply system is connected by said heat exchange tubes to the compartment connected to the heated fluid outlet line to the inlet of the hot water supply system, and the compartment connected to the supply line water from the outlet of the ventilation system, is connected by said heat exchange tubes to a compartment connected to the drain line of the heated fluid to the inlet of the ventilation system. 23. A heat-generating installation containing a liquid-liquid heat exchanger with a housing, the internal cavity of which is filled with a heating fluid, and a heat exchange element located in the housing and connected to the supply and exhaust lines of the heated fluid, a circulation pump, the input of which is connected to the internal cavity of the housing the specified heat exchanger, preferably to the lower part of the latter, and a boiler unit containing a vertical or close to vertical cylindrical body located in its upper part and a pipe for exhausting combustion products, a combustion chamber located inside the boiler body, a gas burner installed in the combustion chamber and connected to the gas and air supply lines to it, and a condenser of water vapor rising during operation installed in the upper part of the boiler body above the combustion chamber installation together with the combustion products from the combustion chamber to the aforementioned pipe for removal of combustion products, and at least one water supply nozzle connected to the outlet of the circulation pump, characterized The fact that the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is installed under the boiler unit and is connected with its upper part to the lower part of the boiler unit with the message of the upper part of the internal cavity of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger with the combustion chamber of the boiler and the location of the mentioned level of heating liquid below the combustion chamber, each the water supply nozzles are installed with the possibility of draining the liquid leaving it into the combustion chamber of the boiler unit, and the condenser of water vapor is made in the form of a closed floor tapering down body installed above the gas burner with a radial clearance in relation to the boiler body, providing passage through it of combustion products rising from the combustion chamber to the mentioned pipe to exhaust the combustion products, and liquid flowing from each water supply nozzle into the combustion chamber, while the body is equipped with a condensate collector installed under it, located with the possibility of condensate draining into it from the hollow body and equipped with a drain line, the outlet of which is connected to the internal cavity fluid-liquid exchanger, the internal cavity of the hollow body communicates with the outlet of the circulation pump, and each of the water supply nozzles is fixed in the upper lateral part of the specified hollow body, connected to the outlet of the circulation pump through the internal cavity of the hollow body, and is directed tangentially to the boiler body with the possibility the movement of the liquid leaving the specified nozzle in a spiral downward along the inner wall of the boiler unit body, moreover, when the boiler unit is executed with several water nozzles E latter are located relative to the housing with a boiler enable movement of said fluid exiting the nozzles on the inner wall of boiler housing in one direction. 24. The apparatus according to claim 23, wherein the gas burner has a cylindrical shape, is located coaxially to the boiler body and is configured to form a flame with heat radiation directed predominantly radially from the gas burner to the inner surface of the boiler body. 25. Installation according to paragraph 24, wherein the lower end of said hollow body is located near the upper end of the gas burner. 26. Installation according to paragraph 24, wherein the gas burner is made preferably in the form of a slit or infrared gas burner. 27. The apparatus according to claim 23, characterized in that it is provided with a condensate collecting and purifying tank, in which the lower part is filled with a water-purifying material, preferably a deoxidizing agent, for example, chalk, and communicates above the level of said material with the lower part of the internal cavity of the heat exchanger “liquid” “liquid”, and the upper part communicates through a hydraulic shutter with a drain line of the condensate collector of the hollow body of the boiler unit with the possibility of draining the condensate from the said condensate collector into the indicated tank by gravity and made with an overflow hole connected to the drain line and located at the same level with the maximum level of heating fluid in the specified heat exchanger. 28. Installation according to claim 23, characterized in that said hollow body is made in the form of a boiler unit located coaxially with the housing, facing down and made in full or truncated form of a body of revolution, for example, a cone, a segment of a sphere or an ellipsoid, etc. 29. The installation according to p. 28, characterized in that on the axis of the specified body of rotation is installed hermetically inside the last pipe for the said message of the internal cavity of the specified hollow body with the outlet of the circulation pump, while the lower end of the pipe is located near the lower wall of the specified body of rotation. 30. The installation according to p. 28, characterized in that the upper wall of the specified body of revolution is made in the form of coaxial with the latter and the downward facing cavity, providing a smooth narrowing of the inner cavity of the specified body of rotation in the radial direction from the axis to the periphery of the latter, while in the upper an axial hole is made for the wall for said message of the internal cavity of the specified hollow body with the outlet of the circulation pump. 31. The installation according to item 23, wherein the part of said hollow body interacting with the combustion products that rise during operation of the installation from the combustion chamber to said pipe for removing combustion products is made corrugated with the arrangement of corrugations preferably longitudinally with respect to the boiler body. 32. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein each water supply nozzle is directed downward at a predetermined angle to a horizontal plane not exceeding 30 °. 33. The installation according to item 23, wherein the body of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is tubular and connected longitudinally and preferably coaxially with the body of the boiler, while the input of the heat exchange element of the specified heat exchanger is located in the lower part, and the outlet in the upper part of the last . 34. The installation according to p. 33, characterized in that the housing of the heat exchanger "liquid-liquid" is made in one piece with the body of the boiler. 35. Installation according to item 23, wherein the body of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is tubular and connected to the body of the boiler unit perpendicular to the latter. 36. The installation according to clause 35, characterized in that it is equipped with at least one additional boiler unit and, accordingly, one or more additional circulation pumps, the number of which is equal to the number of additional boiler units, while all the boiler units of the installation are identical in design and of each additional boiler unit, the boiler unit body is connected with its lower part to the upper part of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger housing with the combustion chamber communicating with the upper part of the internal cavity of the body of the heat exchanger, and each water supply nozzle is connected through the internal cavity of the said hollow body to the outlet of one of the additional circulation pumps, the input of which is connected to the lower part of the internal cavity of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger body, the output of each additional circulation pump being connected to each of the water supply nozzles only one additional boiler unit. 37. Installation according to clause 36, characterized in that it is equipped with a container for collecting and purifying condensate, in which the lower part is filled with a water purifying material, preferably a deoxidizing agent, for example, chalk, and communicates above the level of said material with the lower part of the internal cavity of the heat exchanger "liquid “liquid”, and the upper part communicates through a hydraulic shutter with a drain line of the condensate collector of the hollow body of each boiler unit with the possibility of draining the condensate from the said condensate collector into the indicated tank TECOM and provided with an overflow opening connected to a drain line and located at the same level as the maximum level of the heating fluid in said heat exchanger. 38. The apparatus according to claim 23, wherein the heat-exchange element of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is made in the form of a tubular spiral. 39. The installation according to item 23, wherein the end cavity is made at each end of the liquid-liquid heat exchanger housing, separated from the rest of the internal cavity of said heat exchanger by a transverse partition with openings, and the heat exchanger element of said heat exchanger is made in the form of a bundle of heat exchange tubes, located longitudinally to the heat exchanger casing, uniformly distributed over the cross-sectional area of the inner cavity of the casing and hermetically connected at their ends with openings river walls of these end cavities, one of which is connected to the supply line, and the second to the drain line of the heated fluid. 40. The installation according to item 23, wherein the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is configured to heat water for the heating system and separately for the hot water supply system, is equipped with two supply lines and two drain lines of the heated fluid, and is connected using one supply line and one branch line, respectively, to the outlet and entrance of the heating system and using the second line of supply and the second branch line, respectively, to the outlet and entrance of the hot water supply system, while at each end of the housing specified heat the exchanger has an end cavity separated from the rest of the inner cavity of the specified heat exchanger by a transverse partition with holes and divided into two separate compartments, and the heat exchanger element of the specified heat exchanger is made in the form of a bundle of heat exchanger tubes located longitudinally to the heat exchanger body, uniformly distributed over the cross-sectional area of the inner cavity of the specified housing and hermetically connected at their ends with holes of the transverse partitions of the specified end cavities, ha in one of these end cavities, each of the compartments is connected to one of the indicated supply lines of the heated fluid, and in the second of these end cavities, each of the compartments is connected to one of the specified lines of the heated fluid inlet, while the compartment connected to the outlet water supply line the heating system is connected by said heat exchanger tubes to a compartment connected to the drainage line of the heated fluid to the input of the heating system, and a compartment connected to the water supply line from the outlet of the hot water supply system eniya, said heat exchange tubes is connected with a compartment coupled to the heated liquid discharge line to the input of the hot water system. 41. The installation according to item 23, wherein the liquid-liquid heat exchanger is configured to heat water for the heating system, separately for the hot water supply system and separately for the ventilation system, provided with three supply lines and three drain lines of the heated fluid and connected using one supply line and one drain line, respectively, to the output and input of the heating system, using the second supply line and the second drain line, respectively, to the output and input of the hot water system and using an inlet line and a third outlet line, respectively, to the outlet and inlet of the ventilation system, while at each end of the casing of said heat exchanger an end cavity is made, separated from the rest of the inner cavity of said heat exchanger by a transverse partition with openings, and divided into three separate compartments, and the heat exchange an element of the specified heat exchanger is made in the form of a bundle of heat exchange tubes located longitudinally to the heat exchanger body, uniformly distributed over the cross-sectional area inside the cavity of the specified housing and hermetically connected at its ends with the openings of the transverse partitions of the indicated end cavities, moreover, at one of the indicated end cavities, each of the compartments is connected to one of the indicated supply lines of the heated fluid, and at the second of the specified end cavities, each of the compartments is connected to one from the indicated drainage lines of the heated fluid, while the compartment connected to the water supply line from the outlet of the heating system is connected by said heat exchange tubes to the compartment, insulated with a line for draining the heated fluid to the input of the heating system, a compartment connected to a line for supplying water from the outlet of the hot water supply is connected by the indicated heat exchange tubes to a compartment connected to a line for draining the heated fluid to the inlet of the hot water supply, and the compartment connected to the supply line water from the outlet of the ventilation system, is connected by said heat exchange tubes to a compartment connected to the drain line of the heated fluid to the inlet of the ventilation system.

Images