WO2010007192A1

WO2010007192A1 - Bench for the manufacture, by means of moulding, of prestressed concrete components

Info

Publication number: WO2010007192A1
Application number: PCT/ES2009/070162
Authority: WO
Inventors: Francisco Javier MARTÍNEZ DE CASTAÑEDA; Manuel Cidoncha Escobar
Original assignee: Pacadar S.A.
Priority date: 2008-06-02
Filing date: 2009-05-20
Publication date: 2010-01-21
Also published as: ES2330072B1; ES2330072A1

Abstract

Said bench constitutes an elongated rigid structure which has at its ends arrangements for guiding, tensioning and securing cables (C) and with respect to which an open mould (M) for receiving a concrete mixture is located, being positioned between the guiding, tensioning and securing arrangements so as to be passed through longitudinally by the cables (C), across the concrete mixture, so as to remain incorporated in the concrete component (H) formed upon solidification of the mixture. It comprises rigid modules (B1-B4, B5-B8) which can be joined together so as to form one or more rigid rows (F1, F2) able to withstand the compressive forces necessary for tensioning the cables (C) and is adjustable longitudinally by means of the selection and joining together of a given number of modules (B1-B4, B5-B8) depending on the length of the concrete component (H) to be manufactured.

Description

Bench for the manufacturing by molding of prestressed concrete elements

Technical sector

The present invention concerns in general a bench for the manufacturing by molding of prestressed concrete elements, in particular flat or elongated elements, such as beams, capable of withstanding the stresses of the prestressing, and in particular a modular bank adjustable in length for adapt to the length of the concrete element to be manufactured, by means of the selection and coupling of a certain number of rigid modules.

State of the prior art

The benches for the manufacturing by molding of prestressed concrete elements known to date are fundamentally of two types:

one . - Benches formed by fixed structures on which the molds are supported, supporting in this case the prestressing efforts of said fixed structures.

2. - Molds capable of resisting the prestressing efforts by being reinforced with a metal structure or by being manufactured with a suitable material.

From patent EP0439399B1 one of said fixed structures is known formed by a rigid frame constituted by two stringers held in parallel by separators, on which a mold is arranged, and by mechanically independent end heads of the mold, one of which is fixed and the other is removable.

On the other hand, the patent EP0064377B1 proposes to couple in series some mold units, for example about 3 m. long, between two base units or tensioning bank of prestressing cables. The mold units are coupled together, with the bank units at the ends, preferably crossing the entire assembly with a steel cable or bar, which allows the units to be transported to

The manufacturing area of the parts and once there assemble a mold structure of about 10Om. The mold units proposed in said patent are included in those indicated above as capable of withstanding prestressing efforts.

Explanation of the invention

It seems necessary to offer an alternative to the state of the art in the form of a bench that allows to manufacture pieces or elements of concrete of very different types, especially as far as its length is concerned, changing only the type of

REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) mold, without the molds used being designed to withstand prestressing efforts.

For this, the present invention concerns a bench for the manufacturing by molding of prestressed concrete elements, of the type that constitutes an elongated rigid structure comprising at its ends guide, tensioning and anchoring configurations of cables, and with respect to which at least one mold is arranged open at least one of its sides, generally from above, for the reception of a concrete mixture, positioned between said guiding, tensioning and anchoring configurations so that it is crossed longitudinally by said cables, through of the concrete mixture, to be integrated in the resulting concrete element when solidifying said mixture.

Unlike the conventional proposals, the bank proposed by the invention is modular, comprising rigid modules that can be coupled together to form at least one rigid row resistant to the compressive stresses necessary to tension said cables, and is adjustable in length by means of the selection and coupling of a certain number of said modules depending on the length of the concrete element to be manufactured.

It is thus possible not to waste sections of cable, in general of active steel, as was the case with conventional banks formed by fixed structures, when the length of them was greater than that of the element to be manufactured.

For a preferred embodiment, the bank proposed by the present invention comprises said determined number of rigid modules coupled to each other forming two of said rigid rows, placed substantially parallel to each other to arrange the mold or molds between them. Although for an embodiment the modules are of the same length, for

What can be exchanged with each other, for another embodiment the bank comprises modules of different lengths, in which case the bank is not only adjustable in length by means of the selection of a certain number of modules, but also by the selection and coupling of modules of different length, that is, taking into account the different length of each module selected to finally add, when connecting the selected modules in series, the desired total length.

The bank proposed by the present invention is also adjustable in width, for which it comprises a means of regulating width provided to enable the approach-distance of said rows from each other, and thus the separation between them. This achieves that the width of the bank adapts to that of the mold or molds used.

REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) For an exemplary embodiment, the elongated rigid structure of the bench simply acts as a support base for the mold, the latter being arranged thereon, in which case only a single rigid row of modules coupled to each other would need to be formed (although more rows of modules and arrange the mold on them).

For another example of alternative embodiment, the rigid structure defines a path that encompasses and surrounds the mold inside, for which the formation of the two rows of modules mentioned above is required, and in this case the mold can be arranged directly on the ground or on a floor-mounted floor, that is to say without contact with the modules that make up the bank, or use the rigid structure also as a support structure, settling the mold, or structural parts of it, on some supports of the bank that can be part of the modules themselves or on a flattened base or base, of complete or modular constitution, in contact with the modules. The bank proposed by the present invention is intended to be used with a mold of integral constitution, or with a modular mold formed by a certain number of mold units coupled to each other, in a number selected according to the length of the concrete element to be manufactured

A procedure for using the proposed bank consists of placing, on or inside the bank (depending on the example of embodiment), a mold with the appropriate geometry to the piece to be manufactured. Subsequently, the cables are tensioned between the guiding, tensioning and anchoring configurations arranged at the ends of the bench, after which concrete is poured onto the mold and when it acquires the necessary resistance, the tension of the cables is eliminated by transferring it to the element manufactured that is prestressed at that time.

To change the length of the bench, one of the intermediate modules and their corresponding part of the mold are removed or moved, in the event that it is also modular. To complete the change in length, the guiding, tensioning and anchoring configuration is moved to the position where the hole has originated.

Said guiding, tensioning and anchoring configurations can be very diverse, from configurations defined in specific modules that can only be used as end modules of the bank, to being defined or constituted in removable elements that can be fixed to any of the modules of the bank, so that by removing any of the intermediate modules to reduce the length of the bench, for example one or more of the removable elements, it can

REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) Dismount from the module or modules in which they were fixed and mounted on another module or modules. Said elements are, for an exemplary embodiment, crossbars or heads, which incorporate the known cable tensioning mechanisms, which can each be fixed at the ends of two modules, one of each row, or at masts or intermediate elements to be fixed at the ends of two modules.

The bank proposed by the present invention has a large number of advantages over conventional ones, among which are those listed below:

- As it is a modular bench, it is easy to move your location both inside an installation and in different places.

- The joint cost of all the molds is reduced since it is not necessary that they have the ability to withstand each one of the prestressing efforts.

- Its use allows to temporarily increase the capacity of different facilities or adapt to the specific production needs at all times, since the modules are versatile to be able to divide or mix forming different banks.

- As it is a modular bench, it can be previously manufactured in the workshop by shortening the deadlines for the installation of pre-fabricated pre-fabricated parts. - Thanks to its modular nature, it is possible to carry out extensions of a bank initially built if necessary, simply by manufacturing more modules. Therefore, the initial investment can be reduced and expanded as needed.

- It is possible to adapt the bank to the specific needs of each manufacturing or installation. It is possible to mount a long bench for the realization of two pieces, by means of the use of two molds or one single divided into two parts, or two short benches on which to manufacture in each one of them a piece.

- The cost of changing the length or width of the bank is greatly reduced as it is a modular design. - The bench can be made with different materials such as concrete and steel in a way that optimizes the use of each material.

- The structure of the modular bench itself can serve as work gateways, for some examples of realization for which the modules have the height and width suitable for the transit of people.

REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) Brief description of the drawings

The foregoing and other advantages and features will be more fully understood from the following detailed description of some examples of embodiment with reference to the attached drawings, which should be taken by way of illustration and not limitation, in which:

Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of the bank proposed by the invention for an exemplary embodiment;

Fig. 2a is a plan view of the bank of Fig. 1;

Fig. 2b is a view analogous to that of Fig. 2a but where the width of the bank has been regulated, reducing the separation between the two rows of modules illustrated;

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the bank illustrated according to Fig. 2 housing a modular mold inside;

Fig. 4 is a side elevation view of a section taken through the plane indicated by the D-D line in Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the bank taken through the plane indicated by the line A-A in Fig. 2a;

Fig. 6 is a front elevation view of the bank of Fig. 1, according to the direction of

The arrow B, where a concrete element has been added as it would be positioned with respect to the openings of the guiding, tensioning and anchoring configurations, for the passage of the prestressing cables through it through different portions thereof;

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the bench and the mold of Fig. 3, taken through the plane indicated by line C-C, where the concrete element once manufactured has also been represented; Fig. 8 shows a cross section analogous to that of fig. 7 but for another embodiment for which the bank supports a different mold, and in which an upper mold that forms the shape of the upper face of the concrete element has also been represented;

Fig. 9a is an elevation view of a solid block used as a module of the bank proposed by the invention, for an exemplary embodiment;

Fig. 9b is a plan view of the block illustrated by Fig. 9a; Y

Fig. 9c is a cross-sectional view of the block of Fig. 9a taken through the plane indicated by line A-A.

Detailed description of some embodiments

Referring firstly to Figs. 1, 2a and 2b, in them you can

REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) appreciate the bank proposed by the present invention for an embodiment for which it is formed by eight rigid modules B1-B8 coupled in series forming two parallel rigid rows F1, F2.

For the illustrated embodiments, modules B1-B4, B5-B8 are barrier elements, specifically fences in Figs. 1 to 8, generally metallic, or solid parallelepipedic blocks in Figs. 9a to 9c, in general made of concrete, although for other exemplary embodiments, not illustrated, the modules can be of another class as long as they resist the prestressing efforts.

For the illustrated embodiment example, modules of four different lengths have been arranged, the length of each pair of facing modules of each of the rows F1, F2 being coincident, that is, of the pairs B1 -B5, B2-B6, B3- B7 and B4-B8.

As described previously, the length of the bank B is adjustable by coupling more or less modules, of greater or lesser length, which may be different (as illustrated in said Figs. 1, 2a and 2b) or equal in length (exemplary embodiment).

In Figs. 2a and 2b the same bank B can be seen for two different widths, representing in Fig. 2b a smaller width obtained by having moved row F1, in approach, towards row F2, to adapt to a mold of a width smaller than the which would be arranged in bank B in the position illustrated by Fig. 2a.

Said displacement is possible thanks to regulation means comprising guiding means G1, G2 on which the modules B1 -B4, B5-B8 are arranged, to enable their displacement according to the direction of the arrows indicated in Fig. 2b, thus regulating the separation between rows F1, F2, and therefore the width of bank B.

In Figs. 2a, 2b, 3 and 4 a series of transverse guide elements G1 are appreciated, which are part of said guiding means. One of said guide elements G1, in the form of a beam or slat, can be seen in Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8, in which it is also appreciated how the base of the modules (in particular in said figures the opposite modules B1 -B5 and B2-B6) define guide members G2 coupled to the guide element G1 so that they can slide on it.

In Fig. 4 several of said guide members 2 can be seen coupled to respective guide elements G1. In general, modules B1-B6 are also longitudinally movable in order to allow the separation or annexation of any of them to the modular bench for,

REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) respectively, form a bank of smaller or greater length.

In Fig. 6 you can see the guiding, tensioning and anchoring configurations arranged at one of the ends of the bench B, which are formed by two crossbars or heads E1, E2 arranged transversely to rows F1, F2, and fixed at the ends of modules B1, B5, at different heights. An analogous arrangement is mounted at the other end of the bank B, as indicated in Figs. 1, 2a, 2b, 3 and 4, where two other crossbars or heads E3, E4 are attached to the ends of modules B4, B8, also at different heights.

The crossbars or heads E1 -E4 have been represented schematically, but they have conventional mechanisms (not illustrated) necessary for the mentioned tensioning and anchoring functions.

It can be seen in Fig. 6 how each crossbar E1 -E4 defines a series of through holes A, which are coincident and are facing each other between the crosspieces of each end of the bank B, that is, those of E1 with those of E3, and those of E2 with those of E4, for the passage through the cables C.

Said cables C are illustrated by broken lines in Fig. 4, where the tensile stresses to which they are subjected are indicated by arrows.

In Fig. 7, the holes O defined in the concrete element H made, in this case a beam H, after the insertion of the cables C.

Obviously, if it is desired to integrate prestressing cables C only at a height of the concrete element H, only the use of a crossbar by the end of the bank B is required.

In Fig. 6 it is also observed how the upper crossbar E1 is inclined, in order to adapt to the shape of the concrete element H to be manufactured. The arrangement of means for regulating (not illustrated) of the inclination and height of any of the crossings E1 -E4 is contemplated in order to adapt to different forms of concrete elements H and different types of M molds and heights to the which are available. In Figs. 3 and 4 the same bank B of Figs. 1 and 2a, but once housed inside, between its rows F1, F2, a mold M, which in this case is modular and is formed by five units of mold Um1 -Um5 coupled in series, and open superiorly to receive Ia concrete mix.

For the exemplary embodiment illustrated by Fig. 7, which is a section of the assembly illustrated in Fig. 4 according to line C-C, the bank B comprises supports P

(also noticeable in Figs. 2a and 2b) on which some parts settle

REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) structural units of the mold units, in this case the unit Um3 is appreciated. Said structural parts Me in said Fig. 7 are squares that support, by their inclined face, the sides of the mold unit, in this case Um3, although for another embodiment, not illustrated, the structural parts can be of Different nature and form.

For another exemplary embodiment, such as that illustrated in Fig. 8, the bank B comprises a So or flat base, of integral or modular constitution, on which to arrange the M mold or Um1-Um5 mold units, specifically Fig. 8 shows the mold unit Um3, which is different from the example of embodiment of Fig. 7.

In said Fig. 8 another element necessary to manufacture a concrete element H is illustrated as illustrated in Figs. 6, 7 and 8, specifically this is an upper mold unit U'm3 that forms the shape of the upper face of the concrete element H, and which is fixed to the lower mold unit Um3. Said upper mold has been obviated in the rest of the figures for reasons of clarity.

Finally in Figs. 9a to 9c illustrates the exemplary embodiment discussed above for which each of the modules B1-B8 is a solid block, in this case parallelepipedically.

Specifically in said Figs. 9a to 9c s is illustrated by way of representation of all blocks B1-B8, block B1 which, as can be seen, includes a joining system comprising:

- two metal sheets J1, J2, each of which joined to one of its smaller faces, each sheet J1, J2 defining in each of its corners a through hole coinciding with a through hole of the sheet of another block arranged attached for its coupling,

- a series of fasteners formed by threaded studs T to be introduced in said through holes, and nuts F to be screwed at each end of said studs T to press said plates J1, J2 attached to each other, and

- Cv cavities defined in areas of said block B1 (in this case in their larger faces) that communicate with said plates J1, J2 in the areas where said holes are located, to allow the introduction of studs T and nuts F, and the operation of screwing them.

Eh Figs. 9a and 9b also shows how the block B1 illustrated there (and also the rest of the blocks of the bank B) comprises inserts I on its upper face, for fixing corresponding hooks or gripping devices (not shown) for lifting and transfer.

REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) A person skilled in the art could introduce changes and modifications in the described embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26)

Claims

1 .- Bench for the fabrication by molding of prestressed concrete elements, of the type that constitutes an elongated rigid structure that comprises at its ends guidance, tensioning and anchoring configurations of cables (C), and with respect to which it is arranged at least one mold (M), opened on at least one of its sides for the reception of a concrete mixture, positioned between said guide, tension and anchor configurations so that it is crossed longitudinally by said cables (C), through The concrete mixture, to be integrated in the resulting concrete element (H) when solidifying said mixture, characterized in that it comprises rigid modules (B1-B4, B5-B8) that can be coupled together to form at least one rigid row (F1, F2) resistant to the compression efforts necessary to tension said cables (C), said bank (B) being adjustable at least in length by means of the selection and coupling of at least a certain number of di The modules (B1-B4, B5-B8) depending on the length of the concrete element (H) to be manufactured.

2. Bank according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises said determined number of rigid modules (B1-B4, B5-B8) coupled together forming two of said rigid rows (F1, F2), placed substantially parallel to each other to arrange between they said mold (M), which is at least one.

3. Bank according to claim 1, characterized in that said modules (B1-B4, B5-B8) are all of the same length.

4.- Bank according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises modules (B1 -B4, B5-B8) of different lengths, said bank (B) being adjustable in length by means of the selection and coupling of modules (B1 -B4, B5 -B8) of different length.

5. Bank according to claim 2, characterized in that said guiding, tensioning and anchoring configurations comprise at least two structural elements (E1 -

E2, E3-E4), at least one per configuration, arranged transversely to said rows (F1, F2) and fixed, respectively, to first and second ends of the rows (F1, F2).

6. Bank according to claim 5, characterized in that said structural elements (E1-E2, E3-E4), which are at least two, are crossbars or heads, each of which defines a series of through holes (A) , which are coincident and are facing each other (E1, E3 or E2, E4), one of each guiding, tensioning and anchoring configuration, for the passage through said cables

REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) (C).

7. Bank according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said modules (B1-B4, B5-B8) are barrier elements.

8. Bank according to claim 7, characterized in that said barrier elements (B1-B4, B5-B8) are fences.

9. Bank according to claim 7, characterized in that said barrier elements (B1-B4, B5-B8) are solid blocks.

10. Bank according to claim 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that said barrier elements are metallic or concrete.

1 1 .- Bank according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises means for regulating the width of said bank (B) provided to enable the approach-distancing of said rows (F1, F2) from each other, and thus the separation between them .

12. Bank according to claim 1, characterized in that said means for regulating the width of the bank (B) comprise guiding means (G1, G2) on which said modules are arranged (B1 -B4, B5-B8 ), to enable the displacement of the modules (B1-B4, B5-B8) in at least one transverse direction to regulate the separation between said rows (F1, F2).

13. Bank according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said mold (M) is also modular, being formed by a certain number of mold units (Um1 -Um5) coupled, said number being selected as a function of the length of the element of concrete (H) to be manufactured.

14. Bank according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises supports (P) on which to seat structural parts (Me) of said mold (M) or mold units (Um1 -Um5).

15. Bank according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a solera (So) or flattened base, of integral or modular constitution, on which to arrange said mold (M) or mold units (Um1 -Um5).

16. Bank according to claim 9, characterized in that each of said solid blocks (B1-B4, B5-B8) is parallelepipedic and includes a joining system comprising at least:

- two metal plates (J1, J2), each of which joined to one of its smaller faces, each sheet (J 1, J2) defining in each of its corners a through hole coinciding with a through hole of the sheet of another block arranged attached for coupling,

- a series of fasteners formed by threaded studs (T)

REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) to be introduced into said through holes, and nuts (F) to be screwed on each end of said studs (T) to press said plates (J 1, J2) attached to each other, and

- cavities (Cv) defined in areas of said block (B1 -B4, B5-B8) that communicate with said plates (J1, J2) in the areas where said holes are located, to allow the introduction of said studs (T ) and nuts (F), and the operation of screwing them.

17.- Bank according to claim 16, characterized in that each of the modules (B1 -B4, B5-B8) comprises inserts (I) on its upper face, for fixing corresponding hooks or gripping devices for lifting and transfer.

REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26)