WO2010006473A1 - 一种防除植物霜冻害的风扇系统控制方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种防除植物霜冻害的风扇系统控制方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010006473A1
WO2010006473A1 PCT/CN2008/001584 CN2008001584W WO2010006473A1 WO 2010006473 A1 WO2010006473 A1 WO 2010006473A1 CN 2008001584 W CN2008001584 W CN 2008001584W WO 2010006473 A1 WO2010006473 A1 WO 2010006473A1
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Prior art keywords
temperature
fan system
inversion layer
fan
plant
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PCT/CN2008/001584
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡永光
李萍萍
王秀红
张西良
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JIANGSU YINCHUNBIYA TEA RESEARCH INSTITUTE Co Ltd
Jiangsu University
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JIANGSU YINCHUNBIYA TEA RESEARCH INSTITUTE Co Ltd
Jiangsu University
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Application filed by JIANGSU YINCHUNBIYA TEA RESEARCH INSTITUTE Co Ltd, Jiangsu University filed Critical JIANGSU YINCHUNBIYA TEA RESEARCH INSTITUTE Co Ltd
Priority to US13/054,141 priority Critical patent/US8701341B2/en
Publication of WO2010006473A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010006473A1/zh
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protection of plants
    • A01G13/08Mechanical apparatus for circulating the air

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of monitoring and control of agricultural meteorological disasters.
  • the invention relates to a fan system control method and device for preventing plant frost damage, in particular to comprehensively controlling the critical temperature of plant frost damage and the inverse temperature difference between the upper and lower parts of the inland atmosphere inversion layer, and controlling the fan system to operate automatically. Background technique
  • the frost damage of agricultural and forestry plants has its particularity, and the degree of freezing damage depends on the meteorological conditions of low temperature and biological freeze tolerance.
  • the occurrence of frost damage is often in the early spring under the temperature condition. At this time, because the plant absorbs a lot of solar radiation during the day, it radiates to the sky at night, causing the near-earth temperature to drop rapidly, forming a high and low inversion temperature in the air temperature field. phenomenon.
  • the existing plant fan anti-frost system relies only on a critical low temperature or a certain temperature experience as a control condition for the frost system to start.
  • the anti-frost fan system used in Japan generally uses the temperature at the canopy of the tea tree or the low temperature of the tea garden as the condition for starting the fan system. The empirical value of this temperature is about 3 °C.
  • JP2007000096, JP2000050749, and JP10113076 disclose an axial flow fan for Japanese tea garden and orchard frost protection, and also do not relate to a control method and apparatus for a fan system.
  • Hu Yongguang et al. (2007) publicly reported an overhead fan anti-frost system with an axial fan as the core component. The wind speed distribution characteristics, temperature distribution and temperature rise effect of the system's active area were tested, but not involved. Control method and device for overhead fan anti-frost system. Li Pingping et al.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an effective method for avoiding the misoperation or empty operation of the plant anti-frost fan system in view of the defects of the existing control method of relying only on a critical low temperature, wind speed or temperature empirical value as the starting condition of the plant anti-frost fan system. Control method and device.
  • the method and apparatus for controlling a fan system for controlling plant frost damage of the present invention take into consideration the biological freeze resistance characteristics of the plant itself and specific inversion weather conditions. It mainly includes the following contents:
  • the fan system control method for controlling plant frost damage is: when the temperature of the plant canopy is lower than the critical low temperature setting value, and the inverse temperature difference between the upper and lower parts of the inversion layer is greater than the set inverse temperature difference threshold, the automatic start Fan system, otherwise the fan system is automatically turned off.
  • the set inverse temperature difference threshold is preferably between 1.5 and 6.0 °C to accommodate different inversion temperatures and fan mounting heights.
  • the fan system control device for controlling plant frost damage mainly includes a temperature sensor 5 disposed above the inversion layer 8 of the near-earth atmosphere, a temperature sensor 7 and a controller 4 below the inversion layer 8; and a temperature sensor for real-time detection Temperature, and transfer temperature information to the controller; the controller is used to receive temperature information, perform data analysis, and automatically control the start and shutdown of the fan according to preset conditions.
  • the temperature sensor 5 above the inversion layer 8 is arranged in the range of 4 to 10 m above the inversion layer 8 and vertically, for detecting the temperature t1 above the inversion layer 8 in real time;
  • a temperature sensor 7 below the inversion layer 8 is provided for detecting the temperature t2 below the inversion layer 8 in real time, and the difference between t1 minus t2 is the measured inverse temperature difference.
  • the controller 4 After the temperature information collected by the temperature sensor 5 above the inversion layer 8 and the sensor 7 below the inversion layer 8 is transmitted to the controller 4, it is automatically compared with the critical low temperature set value and the inverse temperature difference threshold in the controller 4: if t2 is smaller than the plant The critical low temperature setting, and the measured inverse temperature difference is greater than the inverse temperature difference threshold, the fan system is started, otherwise the fan system is turned off.
  • the plant canopy temperature is effectively increased by 1 ⁇ 4 °C to prevent and reduce the frost damage of the plant; since the square and the device compare the inverse temperature difference between the upper and lower parts of the inversion layer in real time, the frostproof fan system can be reliably ensured.
  • Running in the case of inversion thus avoiding the fact that the startup system will blow the upper cold air to the plant without the presence of inversion.
  • the plant frost damage is aggravated, causing greater damage to the freezing damage; on the other hand, setting the inverse temperature difference threshold allows the frost-proof fan system to blow warmer air above the inversion layer to the low-temperature plant crown under sufficient inversion strength.
  • the fan system control method and device for preventing plant frost damage can not only effectively prevent and mitigate frost damage, but also improve the yield and quality of agricultural and forestry plants, and advance the market to ensure a stable supply of agricultural and forestry products.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a fan system device for controlling plant frost damage, wherein 1 is an axial fan, 2 is a rotating pan, 3 is a column, 4 is a controller, 5 is an temperature sensor above the inversion layer, 6 is a plant, 7 is The temperature sensor below the inversion layer and 8 are the inversion layer.
  • the parameters of the anti-frost fan system used are as follows: Fan rotation diameter 900 mm, speed 998 r/min, installation height 7 m, installation depression angle 20°, swing head range 90°, swing period 2 min, drive motor power 3 KW.
  • the control device of the anti-frost fan system mainly comprises two temperature sensors 5, 7 and a controller 4, as well as a box, an AC contactor, a leakage protector and the like.
  • the fan 1 is connected to the column 3 through the rotating pan/tilt 2, and the temperature sensor 5 above the inversion layer 8 is installed at the height where the fan 1 is located, and is far away.
  • the fan 1 avoids the influence of the fan 1 after it is started; the temperature sensor 7 under the other inversion layer 8 is installed at the canopy height (about 1.2 m) of the tea tree 6 in the action area of the fan 1.
  • the controller 4 in the critical low temperature setpoint determined to 2 ° C; taking into account the new buds and leaves of early spring cold easily, the inverse The temperature difference threshold is set to 2 °C.
  • frost In the evening when the temperature is in the spring, it is easy to appear frost.
  • the temperature sensor 7 detects that the temperature at the canopy of the tea tree is 1.5 °C and the temperature at the height of 7 m is 5.2 °C, the fan 1 has been automatically started and is in operation, and no frost appears on the tea tree.
  • the fan 1 In operation, when the temperature at the canopy of the tea tree is detected to be greater than 2 °C, the fan 1 automatically stops running. In the early morning of the second day, as the inversion layer 8 disappeared, the temperature difference between the upper and lower parts of the inversion layer was less than the threshold set value of 2 °C, and the fan automatically stopped running.
  • the fan has a diameter of 2000 mm, a speed of 730 r/min, and a mounting height of 10 m.
  • the installation angle is 20°
  • the swing head range is 180°
  • the swing period is 4 min
  • the drive motor power is 15 KW.
  • the control device composition and the temperature sensor setting method of the anti-frost fan system are the same as those in the first embodiment.
  • the specific parameters are as follows: Since the height of the apple tree is up to 4 m, the frost resistance is strong, and the critical low temperature of frost damage is about -1.5 ⁇ Therefore, using the anti-frost fan system control method and apparatus of the present invention, the critical low temperature setting value of the apple tree canopy is determined to be -1.5 'C, and the temperature sensor 5 below the inversion layer is set to a height of 4 m.
  • the inverse temperature difference threshold can be set to 3, and the temperature sensor 5 above the inversion layer is installed at a height of 10 m .
  • the present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, and the invention is intended to cover various modifications and equivalents thereof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
  • Greenhouses (AREA)

Description

一种防除植物霜冻害的风扇系统控制方法及装置 技术领域
本发明属于农业气象灾害监测与控制领域。 涉及一种防除植物霜冻害的风扇系统控制方 法及装置, 特别是综合植物霜冻害发生的临界温度和近地大气逆温层上下方的逆温差两个因 素, 控制风扇系统自动运行。 背景技术
早春的晚霜冻害和冬期的低温冻害给农林植物生产带来严重危害。 农林植物霜冻害的发 生有其特殊性, 冻害的程度取决于低温的气象条件和生物学耐冻敏感性。 首先, 霜冻害的发 生往往是在早春逆温条件下,此时由于植物白天吸收大量太阳辐射,在晚间不断向天空放射, 导致近地气温快速下降, 形成空气温度场上高下低的逆温现象。 其次, 植物抗寒性最差时机
(如芽叶萌动期)恰逢晚霜频发期。 充分利用逆温的温度场分布特点, 通过机械(如风扇) 扰动近地逆温层空气, 将上方高温空气导入下方植物冠层, 有效提高其温度, 避免和减轻霜 害的同时可使植物产品的成熟期提前。 然而, 如何确定风扇防霜冻系统启动和关闭的时机是 该领域研究的重点和难点问题。
经过检索, 现有的植物风扇防霜冻系统仅仅依赖于一个临界低温或某一温度经验值作为 防霜冻系统启动的控制条件。 例如, Snyder (2005 ) 公开报道了欧美的果园和葡萄园防霜风 扇系统启动温度为小于 0 Ό ; 将风速作为判定风扇系统是否启动的条件, 当风速大于 2.5 m/s 时, 即关闭风扇系统。 在日本应用的防霜风扇系统, 一般是将位于茶树冠层或是茶园低洼处 的温度作为风扇系统启动的条件, 该温度的经验值约为 3 °C。 Ribeiro (2006) 公开报道了利 用能量平衡原理来评价风扇系统运行后温升的效果; 并以地面 1.5 m高处的温度低于临界温 度作为风扇系统启动的条件。 专利号为 US4753034、 US5244346和 US4501089的美国专利, 分别公开了利用离心风机将下方冷空气抽至上方、 利用轴流风机或是附带离心风机将上方暖 空气吹向下方的装置, 用于果树和葡萄霜冻害的防除, 但均未涉及风扇系统的控制方法及装 置。 专利号为 JP2007000096、 JP2000050749和 JP10113076的日本专利, 公开的用于日本茶 园和果园防霜的轴流风扇, 也未涉及风扇系统的控制方法及装置。在中国, 胡永光等(2007) 公开报道了以轴流风扇为核心部件的高架风扇防霜系统, 对系统作用区域的风速分布特征、 温度分布和温升效果, 进行了试验研究, 但未涉及高架风扇防霜系统的控制方法及装置。 李 萍萍等 (2008) 公开报道了早春逆温条件下茶园近地温度时空分布特征, 只是为基于空气扰 动法的高架防霜风扇系统应用的可行性提供充分实证。 事实上, 仅仅依赖一个温度或风速作为系统启动的条件, 若无逆温现象存在, 启动系统 会把上方冷空气吹向植物, 此时反而加重植物霜冻害(误操作), 造成更大的冻害损失; 当逆 温差 (近地大气逆温层上方与植物冠层处空气温度之差) 小于一定值时开启系统, 则效果不 明显(空操作), 造成能源浪费。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于: 针对现有仅仅依赖一个临界低温、 风速或温度经验值作为植物防霜 冻风扇系统启动条件的控制方法的缺陷, 提出一种避免植物防霜冻风扇系统误操作或空操作 的有效控制方法和装置。
为了达到以上目的, 本发明的防除植物霜冻害的风扇系统控制方法及装置, 同时考虑了 植物自身的生物学耐冻特性和特定的逆温气象条件。 主要包括以下内容:
根据植物临界低温和逆温层上下方的逆温差两个因素, 确定风扇防霜冻系统启动和关闭 时机, 其技术方案为:
所说的防除植物霜冻害的风扇系统控制方法, 是: 当植物冠层处温度低于其临界低温设 定值, 且逆温层上下方的逆温差大于设定的逆温差阈值时, 自动启动风扇系统, 否则自动关 闭风扇系统。设定的逆温差阈值优选在 1.5~6.0 °C之间, 以适应不同的逆温强度和风扇安装高 度。
所说的防除植物霜冻害的风扇系统控制装置, 主要包括设置在近地大气逆温层 8上方的 温度传感器 5、逆温层 8下方的温度传感器 7和控制器 4; 温度传感器用于实时检测温度, 并 将温度信息传输到控制器; 控制器用于接收温度信息, 进行数据分析, 并根据预设条件自动 控制风扇的启动和关闭。
例如,根据不同类型农林植物的生长高度,在逆温层 8上方垂直距离地面 4~10 m范围内, 设置逆温层 8上方温度传感器 5, 用于实时检测逆温层 8上方的温度 tl ; 在逆温层 8下方, 即植物冠层处, 设置逆温层 8下方温度传感器 7用于实时检测逆温层 8下方的温度 t2, tl减 去 t2的差值即为实测逆温差值。逆温层 8上方温度传感器 5和逆温层 8下方传感器 7采集的 温度信息传输到控制器 4后, 与控制器 4中临界低温设定值和逆温差阈值自动进行比较: 如 果 t2小于此植物的临界低温设定值, 且实测逆温差大于逆温差阈值, 就启动风扇系统, 否则 关闭风扇系统。
通过本控制方法及装置, 有效提高植物冠层温度 1~4 °C , 防止和减轻植物霜冻害; 由于 该方及装置通过实时比较逆温层上下方的逆温差, 确保防霜风扇系统能可靠运行在逆温出现 的场合, 从而避免了在没有逆温现象存在的情况下, 启动系统会把上方冷空气吹向植物, 反 而加重植物霜冻害, 造成更大的冻害损失; 另一方面, 设定逆温差阈值可以使防霜风扇系统 在足够的逆温强度下, 将逆温层上方较暖空气吹至低温的植物冠层处, 从而避免逆温强度较 弱时,防霜风扇系统作用效果不明显造成的能源浪费, 同时延长了防霜风扇系统的使用寿命。 防除植物霜冻害的风扇系统控制方法及装置不仅可以有效防除和减轻霜冻害, 而且可以提髙 农林植物的产量和品质、 提前上市期, 保证农林产品的稳定供应。
附图说明
图 1为防除植物霜冻害的风扇系统装置示意图, 其中 1为轴流风扇、 2为转动云台、 3为 立柱、 4为控制器、 5为逆温层上方温度传感器、 6为植物、 7为逆温层下方温度传感器、 8 为逆温层。 具体实施方式
实施例一
以茶园高架防霜风扇系统的控制为例, 来说明该方法及装置的具体实施方式。
使用的防霜风扇系统参数如下: 风扇回转直径 900 mm, 转速 998 r/min, 安装高度 7 m, 安装俯角 20°, 摆头范围 90°, 摆动周期 2 min, 驱动电机功率 3 KW。
该防霜风扇系统的控制装置主要包括 2个温度传感器 5、 7和控制器 4、 还有箱体、 交流 接触器、 漏电保护器等。 在图 1所示的防除植物霜冻害的风扇系统装置中, 风扇 1通过转动 云台 2连接在立柱 3上, 将一个逆温层 8上方温度传感器 5安装在风扇 1所处的高度, 且远 离风扇 1, 避免风扇 1启动后对它的影响; 将另外一个逆温层 8下方温度传感器 7安装于风 扇 1作用区域内茶树 6冠层高度(约 1.2 m)处。 由于茶树品种在低于 2 °C时, 即表现出轻微 冻害,所以在控制器 4中将临界低温设定值确定为 2 °C ;考虑到早春新出茶芽和叶极易受冻, 将逆温差阈值设定为 2 °C。
在春季逆温出现的傍晚,极易出现霜冻。当温度传感器 7检测到茶树冠层处温度为 1.5 °C , 7 m高处温度为 5.2 °C时,风扇 1己经自动启动,处于运行状态,茶树上未出现霜冻。运行中, 当检测到茶树冠层处温度一旦大于 2 °C , 风扇 1 自动停止运行。 第二日凌晨, 由于逆温层 8 消失, 逆温层上下方的温度差小于阈值设定值 2 °C, 风扇自动停止运行。
实施例二
以苹果园防霜风扇系统的控制为例, 继续说明该方法及装置的具体实施方式。
使用的防霜风扇系统参数如下:风扇回转直径 2000 mm,转速 730 r/min,安装高度 10 m, 安装俯角 20°, 摆头范围 180°, 摆动周期 4 min, 驱动电机功率 15 KW。
该防霜风扇系统的控制装置组成与温度传感器设置方法同实施例一, 具体参数如下: 由于苹果树高度可达 4 m, 其耐冻性较强, 发生冻霜害的临界低温约为 -1.5 Γ, 因此, 使 用本发明的防霜风扇系统控制方法及装置,需将苹果树冠层的临界低温设定值确定为 -1.5 'C, 逆温层下方的温度传感器 5设定高度为 4 m。 逆温差阈值可设定为 3 , 逆温层上方温度传 感器 5安装高度为 10 m。 本发明不限于这些公开的实施方案, 本发明将覆盖在专利书中所描述的范围, 以及权利要求范围的各 种变型和等效变化。

Claims

权利要求
1、一种防除植物霜冻害的风扇系统控制方法, 其特征在于, 当植物冠层处温度低于其临 界低温设定值, 且逆温层上下方的逆温差大于设定的逆温差阈值时, 自动启动风扇系统, 否 则自动关闭风扇系统。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的防除植物霜冻害的风扇系统控制方法, 其特征在于: 设定的逆 温差阈值在 1.5~6.0 °C之间。
3、一种实现权利要求 1所述的防除植物霜冻害的风扇系统方法的控制装置,其特征在于: 主要包括设置在近地大气逆温层(8)上方的温度传感器(5)、 逆温层(8)下方的温度传感 器(7)和控制器(4); 温度传感器(5)和(7)用于实时检测温度, 并将温度信息传输到控 制器(4); 控制器(4)用于接收温度信息, 进行数据分析, 并根据预设条件自动控制风扇的 启动和关闭。
4、根据权利要求 3所述的防除植物霜冻害的风扇系统控制装置, 其特征在于:逆温层上 方的温度传感器设置点为距离地面垂直上方 4~10 m范围。
5、根据权利要求 4所述的防除植物霜冻害的风扇系统控制装置, 其特征在于:逆温层下 方的温度传感器设置于植物冠层处。
6、根据权利要求 3所述的防除植物霜冻害的风扇系统控制装置, 其特征在于: 所说的预 设条件是: 如果逆温层下方的温度小于临界低温设定值, 且实测逆温差大于设定的逆温差阈 值, 就启动风扇系统, 否则关闭风扇系统。
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