WO2009152853A1 - Collecte d'émissions de carbone - Google Patents

Collecte d'émissions de carbone Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009152853A1
WO2009152853A1 PCT/EP2008/057684 EP2008057684W WO2009152853A1 WO 2009152853 A1 WO2009152853 A1 WO 2009152853A1 EP 2008057684 W EP2008057684 W EP 2008057684W WO 2009152853 A1 WO2009152853 A1 WO 2009152853A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
lake
sewage
pollution
algae
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2008/057684
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kenneth J. Hsu
Original Assignee
Hsu Kenneth J
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hsu Kenneth J filed Critical Hsu Kenneth J
Priority to PCT/EP2008/057684 priority Critical patent/WO2009152853A1/fr
Publication of WO2009152853A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009152853A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/84—Biological processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/95—Specific microorganisms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C02F2101/166—Nitrites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to the collection of carbon emissions to reduce atmospheric pollution and to alleviate global warming; to de-nitritize sewage-treatment discharges for recycling as source of drinking water, especially in regions of high cancer-incidence; to eliminate algal pollution and excessive nutrients for the rehabilitation of polluted lakes; to breed and harvest cyanobacteria in lakes for biofuel; to de-nitritize surface water for groundwater recharge while the use of surface land is retained.
  • the patent teaches the design of a system of an integrated hydrologic circuit to collect industrially produced carbon emissions to reduce atmospheric pollution and to alleviate global warming; for the de-nitritization of sewage-treatment discharges to render them suitable for recycling as source of drinking water, for the elimination of algal pollution and of excessive nutrients in order to rehabilitate polluted lakes; for harvesting cyanobacteria in lakes for the production of biofuel; and for the de-nitritization of surface water to be recharged underground.
  • the industrially produced carbon emissions are to be collected by a pipe-line system to transport the emissions to water-conditioners at a sewage-disposal plant, or water-conditioning grids laid on lake bottom near shore, or to algal-farming ponds in a lake, with the purpose to acidize the treated sewage water or the polluted lake. Seedlings of diatoms are introduced to acidized water for their proliferation, while the growth of polluting algae is suppressed because of the acidity which is to be always kept slightly acidic.
  • a part of the polluted lake is enclosed as algae-farming ponds, into which the industrially produced emissions are introduced to acidize the algae-infested lake water and to exterminate the algae, which are to be filtered out as raw material for biofuel.
  • IR-hydrotransistors or R-hydrotransistor With the use of IR-hydrotransistors or R-hydrotransistor, de-nitritized sewage- treatment discharges or lake water could be recharged underground, while the use of the surface land above the hydrotransistors is not lost.
  • Goundwater recharge can be carried out without the loss of the use of surface land.
  • the restriction of carbon emissions is hindering economic developments of especially those of developing countries. China released last year, for example, 6 billion tons of the emissions, and the Government has been under pressure to limit the constructions of coal-electricity works, cement plants, and other polluting factories. Such limitations can be removed if carbon emissions are not discharged to the atmosphere
  • Sewage-treatment discharges are another kind of hateful waste. They should not be re-used because their high nitrite-content, ranging usually from 0.100 to 1.000 mg/1 nitrite-N, far greater than the Chinese guideline value of 0.020 mg/1 nitrite-N for groundwater recharge. With no official restriction on discharge concentration, the treatment-work waters are either freely discharged to contaminate the surface waters, or sold for irrigation to pollute the groundwater. The consequence of a century of global nitrite-pollution since the first modern sewage-treatment plant was first built is the high cancer-mortality rate of 6 million persons per year, 5-10 times more than that at the beginning of the 20 th Century.
  • This patent teaches an integrated approach to make a profitable business to convert wastes into resources, while the degraded environments are rehabilitated.
  • the patent teaches the collection of industrially produced CO 2 , to be sold as a chemical reagent to combat pollution, and to de-nitritize sewage-treatment discharges so that they can meet the guideline for groundwater-recharge and to be re-used as water-resources.
  • the patent further teaches a method for groundwater-recharge can turn wasteland into crop fields, meadows, parks, and expensive real-estates, to alleviate the water shortages in arid regions to resist desertification..
  • Nitrite-pollution and alkalinization of surface waters are two most serious problems of environmental degradation. Nitrite and alkalinity both come from sewage-treatment works. The currently technology was invented in 1912. Instead of removal of organic debris by filtration, biodegradation under oxidizing condition is the standard practice. The consequence is the production of dissolved nitrite to cause the serious health hazard of nitrite-pollution. Nitrite is produced in sewage-treatment process because of the biodegradation technique. I have invented instead F-hydrotransistors for the filtration of waste-water, and water-conditioning to change the pH of the filtered in order to initiate the biologic cleansing to eliminate dissolved pollutants (PCT2004/000372; PCT/CH 2006/000002).
  • Those inventions constitute the IHC process of sewage-treatment.
  • the new system has the advantage that organic debris are not degraded to produce nitrite-pollution, because they are largely is removed by filtration.
  • the solid waste can be processed to yield bio-fertilizers.
  • the filtered water could be acidized through a mixing with carbon emissions. Acidized treated water could be discharged as scenic water to streams and canals.
  • Another part is a resource to be used for the cleaning of polluted lakes, and as a resource for the breeding and harvesting of algae for biofuel.
  • the process of automatic biologic cleansing is based upon the principle that the ecological environment of a polluted water is changed, when the water is rendered slightly acidic.
  • the growth of polluting algae is suppressed when the pH of the water is below 6.5, and they are exterminated when the pH falls below 5.8.
  • diatoms are the dominant plankton in the nutrient-rich water.
  • organic nitrogen is changed first to ammonia and then oxidized to nitrite and nitrate. The nitrogen compounds are thus consumed by diatoms or reduced to nitrogen by bacteria.
  • the nitrite-concentration of the acidized pollution can be reduced, within several weeks, to a concentration of less than 0.010 mg/1 nitrite-N, becoming thus suitable for water- recycling, either as drinking water, or as a source of ground water recharge. Sewage-treatment charges are thus turned into usable water-resources.
  • the efforts at Dianchi one of the Three Lakes, can be cited to exemplify the current failures.
  • the lake has an area of about 300 km 2 , and a volume of 1.5 billion m 3 ; the polluted waters all belong to Grade Sub- V, the worst possible classification of pollution.
  • the drainage basin is almost 10 times as large.
  • the influxes from the more than 20 streams are 0.7 billion m 3 , and most of those also belong to Grade Sub-V.
  • Anti-pollution measures since 1970 include those to minimize the pollution of influx and to control the algal growth in the lake. All those efforts to improve the quality of Dianchi water have been futile, while the Dianchi pollution is getting worse every year. Billions have been spent, but the lake water is now unsuited for drinking.
  • Dianchi lake has to be cleaned up, and the lake water de- nitritized for recycling as the source of drinking water.
  • the growth of the polluting algae is reduced when the pH of the water becomes less than 7, and that the algae are exterminated when the pH is about 5.8.
  • the dissoluition of CO 2 in polluted water reduce its pH value.
  • the collection of industrially produced carbon emissions is thus the best recipe to prevent algal pollution. It is as simple as that.
  • the blue-green and green algae cause pollution, whereas the diatoms do not, even though both proliferate in nutrient-rich environment.
  • the difference is that the polluting algae are not consumed by aquatic organisms. When those algae die, their dead remains are decomposed, consuming dissolved oxygen, and releasing N and P back to water. Adding the new influx to last year's harvest, the nutrients are gradually enriched, year after year. A critical limit could be reached when the algae multiply explosively; they bloom.
  • the diatoms in contrast, are the feed for shrimps, fish and other aquatic organisms. Their digested remains would be excreted as in fecal pellets that sink to water bottom.
  • Alkaline waters heavily polluted with algae are converted to clear water after filtration by hydrotransistors.
  • the growth of diatoms after the acidization of filtered water would reduce the nutrients and eliminate the hazardous nitrite.
  • An IHC system, ccombining filtration and a biologic cleansing is thus the best cure for the algal pollution of the Three Lakes of China.
  • Water-conditioning grids are useful in acidizing the lake water under large areas of lake shores; grids of square-kilometer size can be constructed.
  • For point sources of acidization we invented acidization by water-conditioners. Water is pumped in and out of a large tank, in which it is mixed with CO 2 flowing into a Venturi tube. There is a pH-meter tied to the outflow, so that the pH of the acidized water could be kept constant through an automatic control of the CO 2 flow-rate out of its source.
  • water- conditioners are useful when acidized waters are to be transported to another area. Water- conditioners can also be carried by mobile unit to acidize polluted water at various locations of a lake.
  • Carbon emissions are waste-gases, and they are commonly released to pollute the atmosphere, and their greenhouse-effect has caused global warming.
  • the sequestration of carbon emissions is thus becoming an industry.
  • a current method is to store CO 2 underground.
  • the technology is costly, not to mention the danger of accidental acidization of limestones that might produce catastrophic CO 2 release.
  • the acidization of the lake water will exterminate the algae, and their dead remains are to be filtered out by F-hydrotransistors built on shore.
  • the filtered water is discharged, while the pH of the discharged is monitored to be kept at a value below 6.5 to prevent the re-growth of algae.
  • cyanobacteria The growth rate of cyanobacteria is amazing. Our experiments show that 0.5-2 kg of CO 2 could acidize one ton of alkaline water to a pH value of 6-6.5. The cyanobacteria, are killed almost instantly if the pH of the water is reduced to 5.8, when diatoms should become the dominant plankton. The dead remains of the cyanobacteria are filtered out by hydroitransistors and to be used as raw material for biofuel.
  • the invention of IR-hydrotransistor permits groundwater recharge without the use of surface land.
  • the hydrotransistor is essentially a layer of porous sediment buried at a shallow depth. After water is pumped into the layer, it could seep underground, down at a rate of about 1 m per through silty sediments in the vadose zone. During the slow seepage underground from the hydrotransistor, water is at the same also drawn up from the by the capillary pressure of the overlying sediment. Soil is thus wetted for water to nurture the roots, so that crops or other vegetation are irrigated.
  • Our experiments at Minqin, Kansu indicated that the expenditure for irrigation is only about 1 A to 1/3 that needed for drip- irrigation on the surface.
  • An additional advantage is the preservation of the use of surface land for crop fields, meadows, parks, woodlands, etc..
  • F-hydrotransistors In Where muddy flood-harvests are to be recharged, filtration by F-hydrotransistors is necessary.
  • F-hydrotrantransistors in steel-caged packages. Smaller ones, capable of filtering 1000 tons of water daily, can be placed inside a building. The filtered water pumped out of an F-hydrotransistor can flow into R-hydrotransistors, which are installed under the building for groundwater recharge.
  • R-hydrotransistors With the installation of F- hydrotransistors in the basement of, and R-hydrotransistors buried under, buildings, the surface land can be used for real-estate development in cities.
  • the integrated system should include: 1) a new type of sewage-treatment works constructed according to the IHC principle of waste-water treatment, 2) water-conditioners to mix carbon emissions to with discharges from sewage-treatment works, 3) water-conditioning grids to be built on lake bottom to receive acidized treated waters to for the biologic self-cleansing of the polluted, 4) alga- culture ponds where algae are bred and harvested, 5) an IHC system with F-hydrotransistor to harvest algal remains for biofuels, while the filtered water after acidization returns to the lake to go through biologic cleansing, 6) an IHC system of R-hydrotransistors for the recharge of the de-nitritized lake water underground.
  • Acidized water to be used to kill the polluting algae of Taihu should have a pH of 5.8 or less.
  • the discharges from current sewage-treatment works should be transported, after their acidization, by a pipeline system to be discharged into a lake.
  • the acidic water could be pumped into the perforated pipes of a acidizing grid on the lake shores, or it could flow into alga-culture ponds to exterminate the blue-green and green algae in the polluted lake water, and to harvest their dead remains for biofuels.
  • the filtered water is transported to that part of the lake that is marked out for rehabilitation.
  • the lake water should again be suitable to be a healthy source of water-supply, or of groundwater recharge.
  • the budget for the rehabilitation of lakes should include mainly 1) the construction cost of a system for collecting and treating waste waters, 2) the construction cost of a system for collecting and dispensing carbon emissions, 3) the construction cost of the IHC systems and 4) the operating costs of the IHC system
  • the construction costs of an IHC system are mainly for F-hydrotransistors for filtration and R-hydrotransistors for groundwater recharge.
  • F-hydrotransistors at a unit cost of 1 million yuan to process 1000 tons of waste or polluted water per day, equivalent to a construction cost of about 1000 Yuan per ton per day of processing.
  • Four thousand hydrotransistors could process 4 million tons of waste and polluted water per day, or about 1.3 billion tons per year.
  • the 5 billion m 3 of the Taihu and the 3 billion m 3 influx could be processed in about 5 years at a cost of about 5-10 billion yuan for building hydrotransistors.
  • Clean water has not only aesthetic values; it can also be translated in terms of financial returns. At the rate of million cubic meters per day, the earnings from urban water- supply from would be billion in a number of years. At the same, the expenses for diverting water from the Yangtze River for urban supply would be spared.
  • Clean air is not only good for the well-being of people; clean air could be translated in terms of carbon trading values.
  • China produces 6 billion tons of carbon emissions, with a carbon trading value of 1.5 trillion yuan.
  • the small fraction that is sequestrated to combat the Taihu pollution should have a carbon-trading value of a billion yuan or more.
  • the health benefit is difficult to estimate.
  • the cancer-mortality rate could be reduced to half or less.
  • Each year, thousands of lives and many millions of medical costs could thus be saved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention porte sur la collecte d'émissions de carbone pour réduire la pollution atmosphérique et pour atténuer le réchauffement climatique ; pour effectuer la dénitratation des décharges de traitement des eaux usées pour un recyclage en tant que source d'eau potable, notamment dans des régions de forte incidence du cancer ; pour éliminer la pollution par les algues et des nutriments en excès pour la réhabilitation de lacs pollués ; pour faire se reproduire et récolter des cyanobactéries dans les lacs pour du biocarburant ; et pour effectuer la dénitratation de l'eau superficielle pour une recharge d'eau souterraine pendant que l'utilisation de l'eau de surface est retenue.
PCT/EP2008/057684 2008-06-18 2008-06-18 Collecte d'émissions de carbone WO2009152853A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2008/057684 WO2009152853A1 (fr) 2008-06-18 2008-06-18 Collecte d'émissions de carbone

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2008/057684 WO2009152853A1 (fr) 2008-06-18 2008-06-18 Collecte d'émissions de carbone

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009152853A1 true WO2009152853A1 (fr) 2009-12-23

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120115201A1 (en) * 2009-03-13 2012-05-10 Adams D Jack Methods and Systems for Producing Biomass and/or Biotic Methane Using an Industrial Waste Stream
US20130140230A1 (en) * 2009-10-09 2013-06-06 Christopher Ott Novel systems and methods for converting gaseous byproducts of wastewater treatment into energy
WO2014052308A1 (fr) * 2012-09-25 2014-04-03 Tarim Resource Receycling Co. Parcs urbains pour recyclage des ressources et révolution écologique

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996013970A1 (fr) * 1994-11-08 1996-05-17 Ecological Systems, Inc. Procede d'epuration d'eau au moyen d'un tapis d'algue
WO2005007586A1 (fr) * 2003-07-17 2005-01-27 Hsu Kenneth J Processus pour arreter la croissance des algues vertes dans des systemes aqueux
DE102006028485A1 (de) * 2006-06-21 2007-12-27 Eta Ag Engineering Verfahren zum Aufbau eines Säure-Puffers in Oberflächengewässer
WO2008064722A2 (fr) * 2006-12-01 2008-06-05 Hsu Kenneth J Hydrotransistors et circuits hydrologiques intégrés
WO2008107019A1 (fr) * 2007-03-07 2008-09-12 Hsu Kenneth J Système de traitement de l'eau

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996013970A1 (fr) * 1994-11-08 1996-05-17 Ecological Systems, Inc. Procede d'epuration d'eau au moyen d'un tapis d'algue
WO2005007586A1 (fr) * 2003-07-17 2005-01-27 Hsu Kenneth J Processus pour arreter la croissance des algues vertes dans des systemes aqueux
DE102006028485A1 (de) * 2006-06-21 2007-12-27 Eta Ag Engineering Verfahren zum Aufbau eines Säure-Puffers in Oberflächengewässer
WO2008064722A2 (fr) * 2006-12-01 2008-06-05 Hsu Kenneth J Hydrotransistors et circuits hydrologiques intégrés
WO2008107019A1 (fr) * 2007-03-07 2008-09-12 Hsu Kenneth J Système de traitement de l'eau

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
WILHELM ET AL: "The Regulation of Carbon and Nutrient Assimilation in Diatoms is Significantly Different from Green Algae", PROTIST, FISCHER, JENA, DE, vol. 157, no. 2, 13 June 2006 (2006-06-13), pages 91 - 124, XP005446034, ISSN: 1434-4610 *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120115201A1 (en) * 2009-03-13 2012-05-10 Adams D Jack Methods and Systems for Producing Biomass and/or Biotic Methane Using an Industrial Waste Stream
US20130140230A1 (en) * 2009-10-09 2013-06-06 Christopher Ott Novel systems and methods for converting gaseous byproducts of wastewater treatment into energy
US9023209B2 (en) * 2009-10-09 2015-05-05 Silver Fish Llc Systems and methods for converting gaseous byproducts of wastewater treatment into energy
WO2014052308A1 (fr) * 2012-09-25 2014-04-03 Tarim Resource Receycling Co. Parcs urbains pour recyclage des ressources et révolution écologique
CN104812712A (zh) * 2012-09-25 2015-07-29 塔里木资源循环利用公司 用于资源再循环和绿色革命的城市公园

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