WO2009139396A1

WO2009139396A1 - Image forming material, and authenticity judgment device and authenticity judgment method

Info

Publication number: WO2009139396A1
Application number: PCT/JP2009/058871
Authority: WO
Inventors: 森永匡; 木村健一
Original assignee: 独立行政法人国立印刷局
Priority date: 2008-05-01
Filing date: 2009-05-01
Publication date: 2009-11-19
Also published as: JP5131789B2; JPWO2009139396A1

Abstract

Disclosed are an image forming material, and an authenticity judgment device and an authenticity judgment method in which an image visually hidden in a printed image appears by overlapping the image with a specific filter or a film, or a printed image changes by angling printed matter integrally formed with a filter or a film, etc. in the field of valuable printed matter such as bank notes, passports, marketable securities, identification cards, credit cards, laissez-passers, etc. which are secured printed matter requiring an anticounterfeit effect. In particular, there is provided an image forming material which forms an image by using a second image formed in a pitch slightly different from a pitch of a first image by using a transparent material or a material of a color different from a color of a material forming the first image at a time of regular reflection, on the first image formed by congregating convex shape printing elements in a predetermined pitch and convex shape pixels by using a material having a color flip-flop characteristic such as a pearl pigment or a liquid crystal material, etc. Further, the printing elements are configured to control a change of movement of a moiré image and a change of a shape by slightly changing each image pixel forming the moiré, and suppress distortion occurring in the moiré image to a minimum and control depth perception of the moiré and speed of the change by adjusting the pitch between the images.

Description

Specification

Title of invention: Image forming body, authenticity determination tool and authenticity determination method

[0001] The present invention is particularly useful in the field of valuable printed matter such as banknotes, passports, securities, identification cards, cards, and passports, which are security printed matter that requires anti-counterfeiting effects. Anti-counterfeiting, where the concealed image appears by overlaying a specific filter film, or the printed image is changed by tilting the printed material formed integrally with the filter, film, etc. Or an authenticity determination image forming body, an authenticity determination tool, and an authenticity determination method.

Background art

[0002] Conventionally, using a parallax barrier, a lenticular lens, or a hologram, etc., realizing a moving-image effect in which an image formed on a flat surface moves according to the observation angle, a three-dimensional effect is felt. There is an image forming body that achieves special visual effects such as Tari.

[0003] Among these, a technology that realizes a moving image effect and a three-dimensional effect by using interference fringes that appear when two image lines, pixels, patterns, etc. having different pitches interfere with each other. (For example, see Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).

[0004] In addition to the feature that the image that appears due to this moire has a three-dimensional effect and the movement when tilted is extremely smooth, it is often formed by repeating the same image at a constant pitch. Therefore, it is relatively easy to produce images, and it is suitable for mass production in that the same image appears relatively stably without strict management of reprinting. Have.

[0005] In addition, the unique three-dimensional expression and uniqueness of movement that this moire has are applied as authenticity determination elements in precious printed matter, and realized in a method different from the conventional parallax barrier method and lenticular method. The applicant has applied for this technology in the past (see, for example, Patent Document 3). Also, two-color printing composed of halftone dots In prints with more than 2 colors, depending on the arrangement of halftone dots on the prints of the respective colors, moire occurs on the prints due to interference of each halftone dot. Therefore, the occurrence of this moire is suppressed in general commercial printing. Many printing technologies are used

[0006] As an example of a technique for suppressing the occurrence of moiré, in order to suppress excessive interference between halftone dots on each printing plate, the number of halftone dots on each printing plate is changed, or the halftone dots on each printing plate are changed. A technique for changing the arrangement angle is mentioned. Another special printing technique is the FM screen that expresses the density based on the density of halftone dots without using the AM screen itself that expresses the density based on the size of the halftone dots.

[0007] As described above, the moire generated on the printed material is generally a part of the quality abnormality to be suppressed, but there is also a technology that uses this moire as an authenticity determination element. To do.

[0008] As an example of a technique that uses moiré as a true / false discrimination element, a background image composed of halftone dots having a certain number of lines and angles, and the extent to which discrimination is impossible when observed visually Technology for producing a print image composed of a background image and a latent image composed of halftone dots and lines with slightly different lines and angles, and the latent image of the print image or the background image and the line. By using the discriminating film with a different number of lines as a discriminating tool and overlaying the printed image, the fact that a latent image is generated by moire on the discriminating film is used. is there. In this case, it is common to produce a discriminating film at a pitch according to a certain rule with respect to the pitch of the background image or the latent image, thereby increasing the visibility of moire.

[0009] This technology makes it very easy for a manufacturer equipped with a plate making facility to produce a printed matter having a certain level of security, and for a user, a simple discrimination. It is a technology that can perform true / false discrimination only with tools. Therefore, it is known in the field of security printing and has been widely used. [0010] In addition, when observing a latent image by moire, strange perspectives often occur regardless of the pattern printed on the plane. The image originally generated by moire is an image generated by the interference of light. Therefore, a part that is in focus and a part that is not in focus are generated to express strong shading. Depending on the image, the images observed by the left and right eyes are slightly different, so-called parallax facilitates this perspective.

[001 1] Generally, moire is an interference fringe that appears when two lines, pixels, or patterns with different pitches interfere with each other. In many cases, it is a simple pattern (see, for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 4).

[0012] In addition, as a method different from the conventional parallax barrier method and lenticular method, characters by moiré can be created by overlapping a specific image line structure and a plurality of dots previously applied by the present applicant. Applying the unique expression of movement and the uniqueness of movement that moire has as a true / false discrimination element in valuable prints by forming a specific mark by moire between specific perforation groups. (For example, see Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 5).

[0013] As described above, images that can be expressed using moire are not limited to simple lines, curves, squares, circles, etc., and can form complex shapes such as letters and marks. It is. In addition, such moire can be observed with perspective due to binocular parallax when a transparent layer is sandwiched or formed using the lens effect as in the parallax barrier method or lenticular method. . In this way, the image line composition technology that uses moiré is a technology that uses moiré, which was previously recognized as an abnormal print quality, as a technology that changes the authenticity determination element and image. This is a technology that is used as a discriminating element and has a design effect that is shown to the user. Prior art documents

Patent Literature

[0014] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent No. 3 1 3 1 7 7 1 Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2 0 0 5-1 9 3 5 0 1

Patent Document 3: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2 0 0 7-2 2 3 3 0 8

Patent Document 4: Japanese Patent No. 2 8 0 2 4 8 4

Patent Document 5: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2 0 0 5-2 2 5 0 5 7

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

[0015] The technique described in Patent Document 1 is a technique for causing a solid moiré pattern to appear by the parallax barrier method. However, as long as the parallax barrier method is used, the technique described in FIG. A transparent layer is indispensable between the second pattern, and in order to achieve a smooth animation effect, there is a problem that the thickness of the second pattern far exceeds that allowed for general prints.

[0016] The technology described in Patent Document 2 is a technology that uses a lens effect of a convex lens to make a three-dimensional moire pattern appear in a so-called lenticular method, but it is clearer than the technology in Patent Document 1. Although it has the feature that a pattern can be formed, a certain distance is required for focusing between the lens and the pattern, and a thickness is required as in the technique of Patent Document 1, and the lens itself is Must be transparent or translucent. In addition, if the lens is affixed, the process is often complicated.

[0017] The technique described in Patent Document 3 has a glossy material on a first image that is an aggregate of convex shaped lines arranged at a predetermined pitch, and a material having a gloss different from that of the first image. Unlike the first image

This is a technique for constructing a three-dimensional moire forming body by superimposing second images formed at a pitch of Unlike the technologies of Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, the first image and the second image are in close contact, and no transparent layer or lens layer is required, and the thickness is extremely thin. Changes in brightness that occur when a convex image line or pixel is regularly reflected, so-called light / dark flip-flops are used, so the latent image is bright when the convex image shines brightly or not. Is expressed only by the contrast of light and dark, changes in hue and saturation, so-called color It was impossible to give a change of tone.

[0018] In addition, holograms are known as a technique that has a moving effect and can display a three-dimensional image, but its manufacturing and processing steps are complicated, and it is extremely expensive compared to printed matter. There is a problem that there is. In many cases, an evaporated aluminum film is used, so that the appearance is a unique metallic tone and the color tone is limited.

[0019] As described above, an image using a moire having a moving image effect or a three-dimensional visual effect requires a transparent layer or thickness, and color expression is impossible or limited. There was a problem such as being expensive or expensive.

[0020] The present invention aims to solve the above-described problem, and provides a printed matter in which a moire pattern is observed with a moving visual effect or a three-dimensional visual effect, and in addition, a rich color expression is possible. The objective is to provide a very thin and inexpensive material without the need for a special substrate such as a transparent layer or a lens. Further, the moiré images that appear with the techniques described in Patent Documents 1, 3, 4, and 5 all have a drawback that the image itself is hardly changed. For example, an image appearing in moiré is obtained by moving one of the two images necessary to form the moiré image, or by changing the observation angle by the observer. Although the images appear to move slowly, most of them are straight lines, curves, letters, marks, etc. that simply move parallel to the top, bottom, left, and left. In many technologies, the position of the moire changes. Although the shape of the moire itself does not change

[0021] The present invention is intended to solve the above-described problems, and is a technique for freely controlling moire, specifically, each of the image elements forming the moire. By controlling the change in the movement and shape of the moiré image by adjusting the pitch, the distortion between the moiré images can be minimized by adjusting the pitch between the images. This is a technology to control image quality, and provides image forming bodies, image authenticators, authenticity determination tools, and authenticity determination methods related to image lines and pixels for generating moiré images, image structures related to the structure and arrangement of marks and characters, etc. Provide.

Means for solving the problem

[0022] In an environment in which light is incident from a certain direction, the convex structure having a raised top has a regular regular reflection of light around a plane that is normal to the incident light. When this convex structure has a certain degree of light reflectivity, the specular reflection surface gives a visual impression that the light is not normal to the surface. Give an image as if it is no longer visible or as if the area is small. This effect is enhanced when a glossy convex structure is brought into close contact with each other to form a convex aggregate.

[0023] For example, when a convex line of glossy shapes is continuously arranged in parallel at a constant pitch, and light is irradiated to the convex parallel lines from a certain incident direction, it is as if visually convex. It looks as if all surfaces of the shape are specularly reflecting light. Even when the incident direction of light on this base material is changed, the entire surface looks as if it is simply specularly reflected, but the surface where the incident light is in the normal direction is actually seen. Only selectively specularly reflects light, and each reflecting surface corresponds to the position in the incident direction of light.

[0024] On the other hand, when an image line is formed on an image line having a certain reflectivity with respect to light with an ink having a lower reflectivity than the image line, the difference in reflectivity with respect to light Thus, the image line is a positive image line, the image line formed with low-reflectance ink is a negative image line, and the image line is extremely negative as a negative image line due to the difference in relative reflection characteristics in the regular reflection region. It comes out clearly.

[0025] This phenomenon reflects light compared to the case of a general colored ink that changes only the lightness when reflecting light, or when a line is formed with metallic ink such as gold or silver. When the image line is formed using a material having a color flip-flop such as a pearl pigment or liquid crystal material, the change in color tone is added to the difference between mere brightness and darkness. In addition to improving the Lee layer, it is possible to impart rich colors.

[0026] As described above, according to the present invention, in a set of convex lines or pixels, incident light Two phenomena are used: a phenomenon in which the surface that reflects light strongly according to the angle changes, and a phenomenon in which a strong color changes due to a combination of different materials, resulting in strong colors.

[0027] That is, on a first image formed by a set of convex pixels having a predetermined pitch using a material having a force-ra flip flop such as a pearl pigment or a liquid crystal material, The second image formed with a slightly different pitch from that of the first image is formed using a material having a color different from the color at the time of specular reflection of the material forming the first image.

[0028] With this, when light is incident on the image forming body, only the surface that is normal to light out of the surface of the convex image line or pixel strongly reflects the light. Depending on the shape line or the presence or absence of a second image on the pixel, the intensity of the color changes.

[0029] Since the first image and the second image are formed at slightly different pitches, the intensity of the color appears as a moire pattern having a certain regularity. In addition, when the printed material is tilted, the incident direction of light changes, so that the light reflecting surface on the convex surface of the image moves, and the moire pattern appears to move accordingly.

[0030] The image forming body in the present invention is an image forming body having a first image and a second image on a base material, wherein the first image is made of a material having color flip-flop properties. Convex-shaped first elements arranged in a plurality of regular pitches, the second image is transparent or a material having a color different from the color when the first image is regularly reflected by the convex shape A plurality of second elements arranged at regular pitches different from the first element, and the second element is formed on the substrate and / or the first element .

[0031] The image forming body according to the present invention is characterized in that the first element is a convex first image line, and the second element is a second image line.

The image forming body in the present invention is characterized in that the first element is a first pixel having a convex shape, and the second element is a second pixel.

[0033] In the image forming body according to the present invention, when the first image or the second image further includes a third image, and the first image includes the third image, The pitch of the third element is different from the pitch of the first element in the first image, and if the second image contains the third image, the pitch of the third element in the third image is It differs from the pitch of the second element in the second image.

[0034] In the image forming body according to the present invention, the first image or the second image is divided into a plurality of regions. Each of the first elements or the second images in the plurality of divided regions The elements are characterized by the same or different pitch.

[0035] In the image forming body according to the present invention, a plurality of regular pitches in the first element or regular pitches in the second element are arranged in a predetermined pitch, or a plurality of pitches are continuously different. It is characterized by being arranged.

The image forming body according to the present invention is characterized in that the first image line and the Z or second image line have the same or partly different image line width.

The image forming body according to the present invention is characterized in that the first pixel and the Z or second pixel have the same or different pixel area.

The image forming body according to the present invention is characterized in that the second image line has a parallel or predetermined angle to the first image line.

[0039] In the image forming body according to the present invention, the material having the color flip-flop property includes at least one of a scaly My pigment, a scaly metal pigment, a glass flake pigment, and a cholesteric liquid crystal pigment. It is characterized by. The image-forming body in the present invention is a pigment having a planar orientation, in which a scaly My pigment, a scaly metal pigment, a glass flake pigment, or a cholesteric liquid crystal pigment is subjected to a water- and oil-repellent surface treatment. It is characterized by.

[0040] The image forming body in the present invention has a first base material and a first image formed on at least a partial region of the surface of the first base material. An image element, a second first image element, and a first image group composed of at least one first image element consisting of n, _n, (where n is a natural number of 2 or more), The first image group is such that the first image elements with different shapes or angles are compressed at the same reduction ratio in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction, or both directions, and the first image elements do not overlap each other. Further, it is characterized by being arranged continuously at a regular first pitch and having regularity in the degree of change between adjacent first image elements.

[0041] The image forming body according to the present invention is characterized in that the first image element has an image line structure or a pixel structure.

[0042] In the image forming body according to the present invention, the first image element in one first image group among the first image groups formed by arranging at least one of the first image elements has a regular first pitch. Alternatively, it is characterized by being changed at a constant rate.

[0043] In the image forming body according to the present invention, when the regular first pitch is at least two or more first image groups, the pitches of the first image groups are different from each other. It is characterized by.

[0044] The authenticity discriminating tool in the present invention is an authenticity discriminating tool for performing authenticity discrimination of the image forming body, and is formed on the second base material and at least a part of the surface of the second base material. The second image is formed by arranging at least one second image group composed of second image elements, and the second image group includes a second image element and a rule. The second pitch of the first image element in the first image is different from the second pitch of the second image element in the second image. The first substrate and the second substrate are overlapped so that the images overlap, and the moire image is made visible.

[0045] The authenticity determination tool according to the present invention is characterized in that the second image element has an image line structure or a pixel structure.

[0046] The authenticity discriminating tool according to the present invention is characterized in that the regular second pitch is changed at a constant pitch or a constant pitch.

[0047] In the authenticity discriminating tool according to the present invention, when at least two second image groups having a regular second pitch are arranged, the pitches of the second image groups are different from each other. It is characterized by that.

[0048] In the authenticity determination tool according to the present invention, the second base material is transparent or translucent.

[0049] In the authenticity determination tool of the present invention, the second base material is opaque and formed on the second base material The second image thus formed has an image line structure or a transmissive portion of a pixel structure having a pitch different from that of the first image element in the first image.

[0050] The authenticity determination method according to the present invention is an authenticity determination method in which an image forming body is determined by an authenticity determination tool using an authenticity determination tool, wherein the direction of the first pitch of the first image and the second image The first base material and the second base material are overlapped so that the first image and the second image overlap in the same direction of the second pitch, and the first base material and the second base material are overlapped in the first image. The pitch direction of the first image element and the pitch direction of the second image element in the second image are moved in parallel, and it is genuine when the moiré image is visible, and is counterfeit when the moiré image is not visible. It is characterized by discriminating that it is a product.

[0051] An image forming body according to the present invention is an image forming body including a first image and a second image, wherein the first image includes a first first image element, a second first image element, ■ ·

At least one first image group composed of n-th (n is a natural number greater than or equal to 2) first image elements, and the first image group has different shapes or angles. One image element is compressed at the same reduction ratio in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction, or in both directions, and is arranged continuously at a regular first pitch so that the first image elements do not overlap each other. The degree of change between the first image elements is regular, the second image has a second image group composed of the second image elements, and the second image group has a second image element, The first image element in the first image is different from the first pitch in the first image, and the second image element in the second image is different in the second pitch. The second image is formed on at least a part of the surface of one substrate. The first image and the second image are formed in at least a part of the surface of the two base materials, the first pitch direction of the first image and the second pitch direction of the second image are the same direction. The first base material and the second base material are laminated so that they overlap.

[0052] The image forming body in the present invention is an image forming body comprising a first image and a second image, wherein the first image includes a first first image element, a second first image element, ■ ·, η (where n is a natural number greater than or equal to 2) first image groups composed of at least one first image group, each of which has a shape or an angle Different first image elements are compressed at the same reduction ratio in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction, or in both directions, and are arranged continuously at a regular first pitch so that the first image elements do not overlap each other. The degree of change between adjacent first image elements is regular, the second image has a second image group composed of second image elements, and the second image group is a second image group. The elements are arranged continuously at a regular second pitch, the first pitch of the first image element in the first image is different from the second pitch of the second image element in the second image, Either one of the second images is formed on at least a part of the surface of either one of the front and back surfaces of the first substrate, and the other of the first image and the second image is the first substrate. The first pick of the first image is applied to at least some areas on the other surface of the front and back. And the direction of the second pitch of the second image are the same direction, and the first image formed on the first substrate overlaps the opposite side of the second substrate on which the second image is formed It is characterized by being formed.

The image forming body in the present invention is characterized in that the first image element and the second image element have a line structure or a pixel structure.

The image forming body according to the present invention is characterized in that the regular first pitch and the regular second pitch are formed by changing the pitch at a constant rate or a constant rate.

[0055] In the image forming body according to the present invention, each of the first image groups has a regular first pitch and a regular second pitch when at least two or more first image groups are arranged. The pitches of the first image elements are different from each other.

[0056] The image-forming body in the present invention is characterized in that the first substrate and the Z or second substrate are transparent or translucent.

The invention's effect

[0057] In the image forming body of the present invention, the moire pattern appears to move gently according to the change in the angle of light incident on the latent image.

[0058] In the image forming body of the present invention, it is possible to form an extremely thin film. A lens is not required, and it can be formed at low cost using only a general printing material marketed using ordinary paper as a base material.

[0059] The moire pattern that the image forming body of the present invention appears in the regular reflection region reflects the color of the base material or the convex line, the object color of the pixel, and the interference color of pearl in the convex line. Color expression is possible.

[0060] In the present invention, the moire pattern can easily control the feeling of depth and the nearness by adjusting the pitch of the first image or the second image. An effective stereoscopic effect can be imparted.

[0061] In addition, the present invention is not limited to a metallic color tone like a hologram, and the color of a convex image line or substrate can be colored in any color including colorless. Therefore, the selectivity of hue is extremely high, and it can be arranged in the printed material without a sense of incongruity. This is a major difference between holograms and their effects. In addition, by using the image forming body obtained by the present invention, it is possible to realize an animation that expresses movement by changing the moire itself, which has been impossible in the past, and in addition, changes little by little. Stereoscopic images can be expressed by organically combining moire images and binocular parallax.

[0062] When the image forming body obtained by the present invention is viewed without overlapping one image line for interference, it can be viewed only as a collection of image lines or pixels, and the presence of a moire image is confirmed. Therefore, the image forming body of the present invention is printed on the background pattern of the security printed matter, and a filter film on which interference lines are printed as necessary, or a lenticular with a specific number of lines. It is possible to confirm the moiré image that appears by superimposing one or a microlens array, etc., and use it as a reference for discrimination of authenticity.

[0063] Further, the interference image line was printed by using it as an integrated printed material such as a parallax barrier or a lenticular printed material instead of using it separately from the interference image line as described above. Even without holding the filter, you can see the changing moire simply by tilting the print. Brief Description of Drawings

[FIG. 1] (a) shows an image line structure of a first image constituting an image forming body according to an embodiment of the present invention. (B) shows the image line structure of the second image constituting the image forming body according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[Fig. 2] (a) shows the overlay position of the first and second images. (B) shows the A—A ′ cross section shown in (a), as viewed from the side.

[Fig. 3] (a) shows L *, a *, and b * values according to the light reception angle of general silver ink.

(b) shows L *, a *, and b * values according to the light receiving angle of colored pearl ink with color flip-flop.

[Fig. 4] Shows L *, a *, and b * values for each light receiving angle of colorless pale ink with color flip-flop.

FIG. 5 shows the principle of visual recognition of an image forming body in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 shows an image line configuration of a first image constituting the image forming body in Example 1.

FIG. 7 shows an image line configuration of a second image constituting the image forming body in Example 1.

[FIG. 8] (a) shows an image visually recognized when the image forming body of Example 1 is observed with diffusely reflected light. (B) shows an image visually recognized when the image forming body of Example 1 is observed with specular reflection light.

[Fig. 9] (a) shows an image that is seen when the image forming body is observed with specularly reflected light when it is slightly tilted toward the light source side with respect to the incident light. When observing an image forming body with reflected light, it shows an image that is visually recognized when viewed horizontally with respect to incident light, and (c) shows when observing the image forming body with specularly reflected light. Shows an image that can be seen when tilted slightly toward the viewer with respect to the incident light.

FIG. 10 shows the principle of generating perspective in the three-dimensional moire pattern of the image forming body in one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 shows the image line configuration of the first image constituting the image forming body in Example 2. FIG. 12 shows the image line configuration of the second image constituting the image forming body in Example 2. [FIG. 13] (a) shows an image observed when the image forming body of Example 2 is observed with diffusely reflected light. (B) shows an image visually recognized when the image forming body of Example 2 is observed with specular reflection light.

[FIG. 14] (a) shows an image that is viewed when the image forming body is observed with specularly reflected light when it is slightly tilted toward the light source side with respect to the incident light. When observing the image forming body with the reflected light, when viewed horizontally with respect to the incident light, it shows an image that is visually recognized, and (c) is when observing the image forming body with the regular reflection light, Shows an image that can be seen when tilted slightly toward the viewer with respect to the incident light.

FIG. 15 shows the image line configuration of the first image constituting the image forming body in Example 3.

FIG. 16 shows L *, a *, and b * values for each light receiving angle of the colored pearl ink having the force-latch flip-flop property that formed the first image in Example 3.

FIG. 17 shows an image line configuration of a second image constituting the image forming body in Example 3.

FIG. 18 (a) shows an image observed when the image forming body of Example 3 is observed with diffusely reflected light. (B) shows an image visually recognized when the image forming body of Example 3 is observed with specular reflection light.

FIG. 19 shows a pixel configuration of a first image constituting the image forming body in Example 4.

FIG. 20 shows a pixel configuration of a second image constituting the image forming body in Example 4.

FIG. 21 (a) shows an image observed when the image forming body of Example 4 is observed with diffusely reflected light. (B) shows an image visually recognized when the image forming body of Example 4 is observed with specular reflection light.

FIG. 22 shows the image line configuration of the first image constituting the image forming body in Example 5. FIG. 23 shows an image line configuration of a second image constituting the image forming body in Example 5.

[FIG. 24] (a), (b), and (c) are enlarged views of each part in FIG.

FIG. 25 shows a principle when a three-dimensional moire of an image forming body causes an inversion phenomenon in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 26 (a) shows an image observed when the image forming body of Example 5 is observed with diffusely reflected light. (B) shows an image visually recognized when the image forming body of Example 5 is observed with specular reflection light.

FIG. 27 shows the image line configuration of the first image constituting the image forming body in Example 6.

FIG. 28 shows an image line configuration of a second image constituting the image forming body in Example 6.

FIG. 29 (a) shows an image observed when the image forming body of Example 6 is observed with diffuse reflected light. (B) shows an image visually recognized when the image forming body of Example 6 is observed with specular reflection light.

[Fig. 30] Fig. 30 shows the image line structure of (a) the base image and (b) the first image that constitute the image forming body in Example 7.

FIG. 31 shows an image line configuration of a second image constituting the image forming body in Example 7.

[FIG. 32] (a) shows an image forming a “P” moire pattern among the second images shown in FIG. (B) shows an image forming a “jj moire pattern” in the second image shown in FIG.

[Fig. 33] (a) and (b) are enlarged views of each part in Fig. 32 (a).

[Fig. 34] (a) and (b) are enlarged views of each part in Fig. 32 (b).

FIG. 35 (a) shows an image observed when the image forming body of Example 7 is observed with diffusely reflected light. (B) shows an image visually recognized when the image forming body of Example 7 is observed with specular reflection light.

FIG. 36 shows an image line configuration of a first image constituting the image forming body in Example 8. [FIG. 37] (a) and (b) are enlarged views of each part in FIG.

FIG. 38 shows an image line configuration of a second image constituting the image forming body in Example 8.

FIG. 39 (a) shows an image that is visually recognized when the image forming body of Example 8 is observed with diffuse reflected light. (B) shows an image visually recognized when the image forming body of Example 8 is observed with specular reflection light.

[FIG. 40] (a) is a line configuration of a first image of an image forming body in an embodiment of the present invention, and (b) is an image group having a first image element constituting the first image.

[FIG. 41] (a) is a reference for the first pitch when the first image element constituting the first image in the embodiment of the present invention has an image line structure, and (b) is the reference for the present invention. The reference of the 1st pitch in case the 1st picture element which constitutes the 1st picture in one embodiment is a pixel structure is shown.

FIG. 42 shows an image line configuration of a second image of the image forming body in one embodiment of the present invention.

[FIG. 43] (a) is a discrimination type of an image forming body in an embodiment of the present invention, (b) is a laminated type in an integrated type, and (c) is a front / back composite type in an integrated type.

[FIG. 44] (a) is a (discrimination type) configuration in which the first image and the second image are overlaid in one embodiment of the present invention, (b) is a method for observing a moire image, and (c) is In the embodiment of the present invention, the first image and the second image are bonded (integrated type), and (d) shows a method for observing a moire image.

FIG. 45 shows a moire image visually recognized in an embodiment of the present invention.

[FIG. 46] (a) is the image line configuration of the first image of the image forming body in Example 9, (b)

) Indicates an image group having a first image element constituting the first image.

FIG. 47 shows an image line structure of a second image of the image forming body in Example 9.

FIG. 48 (a) shows a configuration in which the first image and the second image in Example 9 are overlaid. (B) shows the method for observing moire images.

FIG. 49 shows a moire image visually recognized in Example 9.

FIG. 50 (a) shows the line composition of the first image of the image forming body in Example 10, and FIG. 50 (b) shows an image group having the first image elements constituting the first image.

FIG. 51 shows an image line structure of a second image of the image forming body in Example 10.

[FIG. 52] (a) shows a configuration in which the first image and the second image in Example 10 are superimposed, and (b) shows a method for observing the moire image.

FIG. 53 shows a moiré image visually recognized in Example 10;

FIG. 54 (a) shows the line composition of the first image of the image forming body in Example 11 and FIG. 54 (b) shows an image group having the first image elements constituting the first image.

FIG. 55 shows an image line structure of a second image of the image forming body in Example 11;

[FIG. 56] (a) shows a configuration in which the first image and the second image in Example 11 are superimposed, and (b) shows a method for observing the moire image.

FIG. 57 shows a moiré image visually recognized in Example 11;

FIG. 58 shows a first image of the image forming body in Example 12.

FIG. 59 shows a second image of the image forming body in Example 12.

FIG. 60 (a) shows a configuration in which the first image and the second image in Example 12 are overlaid.

(B) shows a method for observing a moire image.

FIG. 61 shows a moiré image visually recognized in Example 12;

FIG. 62 (a) shows the line composition of the first image of the image forming body in Example 13, and FIG. 62 (b) shows an image group having the first image elements constituting the first image.

FIG. 63 shows an image line structure of a second image of the image forming body in Example 13;

[FIG. 64] (a) shows a configuration in which the first image and the second image in Example 13 are superimposed, and (b) shows a method for observing the moire image.

FIG. 65 shows a moiré image visually recognized in Example 13;

[FIG. 66] (a) shows the line composition of the first image of the image forming body in Example 14, and (b) shows an image group having the first image elements constituting the first image.

FIG. 67 shows an image line configuration of a moire concealed image in Example 14; FIG. 68 (a) shows a configuration in which the first image and the second image in Example 14 are superimposed, and (b) shows a method for observing the moire image.

FIG. 69 shows a moiré image visually recognized in Example 14;

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0065] The most basic structure and specific image line configuration in an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIGS. 1 and 2 show the basic image line configuration and effects in a solid moire according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 3 to 4 show the reflection characteristics of the ink that forms the convex image line in the solid moire according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 shows the principle of viewing a three-dimensional moire according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 to FIG. 10 for the first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 11 to FIG. 14 for the second embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 15 to FIG. FIG. 19 to FIG. 21 for Example 4, FIG. 22 to FIG. 26 for Example 5 of the present invention, and FIG. 27 to FIG. 29 for Example 6 of the present invention. Examples 30 to 30 are shown in FIGS. 30 to 35, and Example 8 of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 36 to 39, respectively.

[0066] (Element structure)

First, a basic configuration of an image forming body having a stereoscopic moire image according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0067] In the image forming body in one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of images are formed by image lines or pixels. However, in the embodiment for implementing the present invention, the element is an image line. Will be described.

[0068] Fig. 1 (a) shows an image line configuration of the first image (1). The first image (1) is formed by arranging a plurality of convex first image lines (2). As shown in the enlarged view of the square portion in the first image (1), convex first images (2) having a uniform image width are arranged at the same pitch. The first image (1) is formed by adding a predetermined coloring pigment to a pearl pigment having an iris color so as to have a predetermined height rise.

[0069] Further, FIG. 1 (b) shows an image line structure of the second image (3). Second image (3 ) Is formed by arranging a plurality of second image lines (4) having a pitch different from that of the first image (1). As shown in the enlarged view of the square part in the second image (3), the line width is uniform and arranged at the same pitch. The ink used for the second image (3) is formed of a transparent color or a color different from the color when the first image (1) is viewed with regular reflection. The range of regular reflection is ± 10 degrees when the incident angle of the light source (7) with respect to the base material and the reflection angle of the light source (7) are the same as 0 degrees. Is the range of regular reflection. In the case of one embodiment of the present invention, when viewed in a range inclined more than 10 degrees, that is, when diffusely reflected, the colors of the second image (3) and the first image (1) are the same. good.

[0070] FIG. 2 (a) shows the positional relationship of the superposition of the first image (1) and the second image (3). After the image (1) is formed, the second image (3) is formed on the first image (1), and the image forming body (6) according to the embodiment of the present invention is produced. Figure 2 (b) shows a diagram that can be observed when the image forming body (6) is cut along the line A–A 'shown in Figure 2 (a). A first image (1) composed of a raised convex first image (2) is formed on the substrate (5), and a second image (4) is formed directly on it. The constructed second image (3) is formed.

[0071] The pitch of the second image line (4) is constituted by a pitch excluding 100% with respect to the pitch of the convex first image line (2). When configured with a 100% pitch, moire does not occur and the effect of the embodiment of the present invention cannot be obtained. In order to allow the observer to clearly see the three-dimensional moire effect that is the effect of the embodiment of the present invention, the second image line (4) is changed to the convex first image. It is more preferable that the pitch is 80% to 120% with respect to the pitch of the line (2).

Further, the second image line (4) may be parallel to the convex first image line (2) or may have a predetermined angle. The predetermined angle is preferably within a range not exceeding 10 degrees. However, this angle is derived from the pitch of the first drawing line and the pitch of the second drawing line, and the moire effect in the embodiment of the present invention. Is set to the angle at which appears.

[0073] Further, the first image (1) or the second image (3) may include another third image. When the first image includes the third image, By making the pitch in the first image (1) different from the pitch in the third image, and further providing a contour in the third image, the visibility of each image is improved, and the second image When the image includes the third image, the pitch of the second image (3) is different from the pitch of the third image, and further, the contour of the third image is provided. Improve visibility.

[0074] Further, the first image (1) or the second image (3) is divided into a plurality of regions, and the first image line (2) or the second image line in each of the divided regions. It is also possible to vary the pitch of (4). For example, if the second image (3) is divided into three areas in the horizontal direction (upper, middle, lower), the line pitch of the “upper” area, the line pitch of the “middle” area, Three-dimensional image formation with three types of perspective is achieved by making the “bottom” line pitch different from the line pitch in the first image (1) and each line pitch also being different. The body is made.

[0075] The pitch of the first image line (2) in the first image (1) and the pitch of the second image line (4) in the second image (3) are regularly arranged. Any pitch is acceptable. The regularly arranged pitch means whether a plurality of pitches are arranged at a constant pitch or regularly arranged at different pitches. For example, pitches that are regularly arranged at different pitches with regularity are, for example, that the pitch is continuously widened from the center to the edge of the image, or conversely, from the center to the edge of the image. To narrow the pitch continuously.

[0076] The line width of the first image line (2) and the image line width of the second image line (4) may be uniform, and may be changed by changing a part of the image line width. It is also possible to have meaningful information in the part.

[0077] Further, in constituting an embodiment of the present invention, the first image line having a convex shape needs to have a force-flip flip-flop property. Force-ra flip-flop Unlike the light and dark flip-flop that changes only the brightness when reflecting the light of general gloss ink, gold ink, silver ink, etc. This is an effect that changes not only the lightness but also the hue and saturation when reflected.

[0078] In order to clarify the difference in these characteristics, Fig. 3 (a) shows the optical characteristics of ink with only general light and dark flip-flop, and Fig. 3 (b) shows the color flip-flop. The optical properties of an ink with the properties are shown.

[0079] Figure 3 (a) shows a solid print sample with a dot area ratio of 100% using general silver ink formed by the UV-dry offset printing method, and L *, a * of this solid print sample. , b * values, using the variable angle spectrophotometric system G CMS-4 type (Murakami Color Research Laboratory), the incident light angle is fixed at 45 ° and the light receiving angle is 120 ° Measured from 1 to 80 °. In Fig. 3 (a), (1 1) indicates L * of the printed matter formed with silver ink, (1 2) indicates a * of the printed matter formed with silver ink, and (1 3) indicates that formed with silver ink. B * of printed material.

[0080] Figure 3 (b) shows a solid print sample with a dot area ratio of 100% using an ink formed by mixing a colored pigment with an iris pearl pigment (hereinafter referred to as “colored pearl ink”). Using the UV drying screen printing method, the L *, a *, and b * values of this solid print sample were measured using a variable angle spectrophotometric system GCMS-4 (Murakami Color Research Laboratory). The incident light angle was fixed at 45 ° and the light reception angle was measured from 20 ° to 80 °. In Fig. 3 (b), (1 1 '') indicates L * of the printed material formed with the colored pearl ink, and (1 2 '') indicates a * of the printed material formed with the colored pearl ink. 3 '') shows b * of the printed material formed with colored pearl ink.

[0081] Comparing the graphs in Fig. 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (b), the rate of change of the a * value and b * value is different between the graphs, and the a * value of silver ink in Fig. 3 (a) ( 1 Compared with the change in 2) and b * value (13), the change in a * value (1 2 '') and b * value (13 '') of the colored pearl ink in Fig. 3 (b) In a silver-colored ink that is large and has only light and dark flip-flops, the observation angle where the diffuse reflected light is dominant (light receiving angle near 0 degrees) The color tone hardly changes and the brightness changes only from the observation angle where the specular reflection light is dominant (light reception angle of around 45 degrees), but it contains only pearl pigments with color flip-flop properties. In DINKI, 3 * value and | 3 from the observation angle where diffuse reflection is dominant (light reception angle near 0 degree) to the observation angle where regular reflection light is dominant (light reception angle near 45 degrees). * Value, that is, color tone, has also changed greatly. Therefore, by forming a convex image line using an ink containing a pigment with excellent color flip-flop properties, it is rich in color when observing an angle where specular reflection light with a moire pattern appears is dominant. Expression is possible.

Here, the angle where the specular reflection light is dominant is that the incident angle of the light source (7) with respect to the substrate and the reflection angle of the light source (7) are substantially the same angle, The angle at which the diffuse reflected light is dominant is an angle at which the incident angle of the light source (7) with respect to the substrate and the reflection angle of the light source (7) are greatly different. The angle of reflection of the light source (7) is almost the same as the angle of incidence of the light source (7) on the substrate and the angle of reflection when the reflection angle of the light source (7) is the same. This is a range of 10 degrees, and when the angle is in any other range, the diffuse reflected light becomes the dominant angle.

[0083] Examples of pigments having a color flip-flop property are scale-like my strength pigments, scale-like metal pigments, glass flake pigments, and cholesteric liquid crystal pigments, which have various reflection characteristics from many manufacturers. Pigments are sold. There are various types of pigments with excellent color flip-flops, but the material used in one embodiment of the present invention has a significant change in color especially from the diffuse reflection region to the regular reflection region. It is particularly desirable to have the following characteristics:

[0084] In the present embodiment, by using a colored pal ink in which an iris pearl pigment and a small amount of a colored pigment are mixed, a characteristic that is particularly excellent in color flip-flop properties is created, thereby improving the visibility of the latent image. The effect is increased. Iridescent pearl pigments are pearl pigments that do not have a solid color and can produce interference colors only in the regular reflection region. Currently, a wide variety of pigments are sold by many manufacturers. . The color tone in the specular reflection region can be selected almost freely as desired. In this embodiment, the colored pearl ink is used. In this case, the image forming body having the solid moire has a moire pattern that appears with specular reflection light and a latent image including the background. In the image, the color of the colored pigment and the interference color of pearl are reflected at the same time.

[0086] As described above, high visibility and rich colors can be imparted to an image observed at an angle where specular reflection is dominant.

[0087] (Other forms in ink)

In the present embodiment, when the diffuse reflection light is observed at a dominant angle, the image forming body is visually recognized by the color of the color pigment. However, the customer desires a design that is not visually recognized by the diffuse reflection light. In such a case, the first image may be formed with an ink containing only an iris color pigment without mixing color pigments (hereinafter referred to as “colorless pale ink”). Figure 4 shows the ink characteristics of the colorless pale ink. (1 1 ') indicates L * of the printed material formed with colorless pearl ink, (1 2') indicates a * of the printed material formed with colorless pearl ink, and (1 3 ') indicates colorless pearl ink. The b * of the printed material formed in is shown.

[0088] In the colorless pearl ink, as with the ink characteristics of the colored pearl ink shown in Fig. 3 (b), the L * (1 1 ') value in the observation of the angle where the specular reflection light is dominant, a * ( 1 2 ') value and b * (1 3') value are close to each other, so if an iris color pearl pigment is included, the interference color of the pearl pigment is used for observation of the angle where the specular reflection light is dominant. Will not be damaged.

[0089] When an image forming body is formed with colorless pearl ink in this way, the image forming body is transparent and not visually recognized with diffusely reflected light, and the moiré pattern has a color of the substrate (5) with regular reflected light. It becomes the main color, and the interference color of pearl is visible as the main color on the other background.

[0090] In the form in which the first image is formed with this colorless pearl ink, when the base material (5) is a general white color, the moire pattern has a hue at the time of diffuse reflection of the base material (5), That is, it is visually recognized from white to gray.

[0091] Using colorless pearl ink, moire patterns are expressed in colors other than white and gray. If it is desired to do so, the base material (5) may be colored differently. Specifically, it is possible to select a base material (5) having a favorite color, and before forming the first image, the base material (5) may be printed with a different color.

[0092] For the ink that forms the convex image, depending on the design of the observation image at the angle where the diffuse reflection light that the customer requests is dominant and the observation image at the angle where the regular reflection light is dominant It is necessary to decide whether or not to add color pigments, and if necessary, it is possible to express colors with a high degree of freedom by preliminarily printing the base material (5) with different colors. It is.

[0093] When a color pigment is blended into a convex image line, or when a substrate is underprinted before the first image is printed with the color pigment in advance, the color of the color pigment and the iris color pool are used. When the color of the pigment is complementary or close to it, a rich expression is possible, and when the color of the color pigment is close to black, the visibility of the latent image can be kept high. At the same time, since the interference color of pearl in the specular reflection area is vivid, these are all preferable forms.

[0094] (Processing of pigment)

If the interference effect of the pearl pigment in the layer is desired, the face is oriented on the surface of the raised line drawing in order to improve the orientation (leafing effect) of the scaly pigment. It is desirable to use a pearl pigment that has been subjected to. By performing surface treatment such as water and oil repellency treatment, the pigment can be oriented on the surface of the image area of the printing area, and the interference color of specular reflection / color can appear more vividly. It becomes possible. All of the iris pearl pigments described in this specification are subjected to this surface treatment with respect to commercially available pigments.

[0095] By coating the My strength coated with titanium dioxide with a colored metal oxide or coating the My strength directly with a colored metal oxide, In recent years, some manufacturers have also sold special / mole pigments whose hue changes greatly in the vicinity of the specular reflection region. Using these pigments with excellent color flip-flop properties, a convex image can be formed. By doing so, it is possible to form an image forming body having a three-dimensional moire similarly. Needless to say.

[0096] (Size of pearl pigment)

In order to exhibit color flip-flop properties, the pigment particle size tends to increase. In particular, pigments with excellent color flip-flop properties are often about 5 to 15 jum. Average particle size.

[0097] (Visibility state and its principle)

The visual recognition state and principle of the image forming body in one embodiment of the present invention will be described using the visual recognition principle shown in FIG.

FIG. 5 (a) shows a state in which a second image line (4) that is a second image is formed on a convex image line (2) in the first image. It is an enlarged view of the drawing line of a book. In the first line, the iris pearl pigment is at the top and the color pigment is at the bottom. When the image forming body (6) according to the embodiment of the present invention is observed at an angle where the diffuse reflected light is dominant, the second image line cannot be visually recognized because it is formed of a transparent OP varnish. In addition, the iris-colored pearl pigment in the first image line is visible at the time of regular reflection and cannot be seen without interference. Therefore, only the colored pigment is visible. The angle where the diffuse reflected light is dominant is an angle at which the incident angle of the light source (7) with respect to the substrate and the reflection angle of the light source (7) are greatly different. For example, the observation diagram of FIG. 5 (a) As shown, when the incident angle of the light source (7) is 45 degrees and the receiving angle is 0 degrees, the observer's viewpoint (8) observes the image forming body (6) at an angle where the diffuse reflected light is dominant. Will be.

[0099] As shown in FIG. 5 (b), when the image forming body (6) according to the embodiment of the present invention is observed at an angle where specular reflection is dominant, the transparent OP varnish of the second image line is observed. However, the portion of the image that is not formed on the first image line is reflected by the interference color of the first pigment because the iris pearl pigment of the first image line is specularly reflected. The part where the OP varnish is formed on the first line obstructs the interference of the pale pigment due to the attenuation and scattering of the light entering the iris pearl pigment of the first line. It is visually recognized by the color of the colored pigment. As a result of the above phenomenon, the moire pattern (9) and background (1) in which the second image is colored in two colors, the interference color of the palette and the color of the coloring pigment. O) is visible. The angle where the specularly reflected light is dominant is that the incident angle of the light source (7) with respect to the substrate and the reflection angle of the light source (7) are almost the same angle, and the incident angle of the light source (7) is 4 If the light reception angle is 5 degrees and 45 degrees, the observer is observing the image formation (6) at an angle where the specular reflection light is dominant.

[0100] (Printing method)

In consideration of the fact that the convex image line according to the embodiment of the present invention requires a certain height, this special pigment printing method has a wide tolerance for the pigment particle size. A screen printing method that can form a raised line is the most preferred printing method. Conversely, the printing method for forming the second image is formed by any printing method such as offset printing method, gravure printing method, flexographic printing method, intaglio printing method, relief printing method, and screen printing method. In addition, it can be formed by using printers such as laser printers and sublimation printers, such as YV 04 and CO 2 laser markers. In particular, when a printer or a laser marker is used, so-called variable information can be added to give different information to each printed matter.

[0101] Hereinafter, specific examples of the image forming body specifically prepared according to the above-described embodiment will be described in detail. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples. .

(Example 1)

[0102] Fig. 6 shows the image line structure of the first image (1 a). The first image (1 a) is formed by arranging a plurality of convex first image lines (2 a). First image (

1 a) As shown in the enlarged view of the square part in the middle, convex first lines (2 a) having a line width of 0.3 mm are arranged at a pitch of 0.4 mm. This first image (

1 a) is formed with the ink shown in Table 1. This ink is a screen ink in which a black coloring pigment is added to a pearl pigment having a golden interference color, and the height of about 10 m is increased by screen drying using a UV drying method. It has an image with a convex shape.

[0103] [table 1]

[0104] Fig. 7 shows the image line configuration of the second image (3a). The second image (3a) is formed by arranging a plurality of second image lines (4a) having a pitch different from that of the first image (1a). As shown in the enlarged view of the square part in the second image (3a), the second image lines (4a) with an image line width of 0.1 mm are arranged at a pitch of 0.36 mm. This second image (3a) is printed on top of the first image (1a) using a transparent offset ink (UV Matt OP Varnish 3H from T & K TO KA) with UV drying offset printing. The image forming body (6a) according to the embodiment of the present invention is produced by superimposing them.

[0105] The effect of the image forming body (6a) thus produced will be described with reference to FIG. Fig. 8 (a) shows the relationship between the light source (7) and the observer's viewpoint (8), and the image forming body (6a) according to the embodiment of the present invention was observed at an angle where diffuse reflected light is dominant. The image visually recognized in the case is shown. In this case, only the first image is visible. The color of the first image visually recognized at this time is black, which is the color of the color pigment in the ink shown in Table 1.

[0106] Fig. 8 (b) shows the relationship between the light source (7) and the observer's viewpoint (8), and the image forming body (6) according to the embodiment of the present invention at an angle where specular reflection light is dominant. This shows the image that can be seen when In this case, the moiré pattern (9a) shown in Fig. 8 (b), in which the second image is colored in two colors, pearl interference color (gold) and color pigment color (black), is visible. it can. [0107] Also, in Fig. 9 (a), Fig. 9 (b) and Fig. 9 (c), the image is within the angular range where the specular reflection light is dominant (in this example, the light receiving angle is 40 to 50 degrees). It shows the movement of the moire pattern (9a) that is visible when the formation (6a) is tilted. Figure 9 (a) shows the moiré pattern (9a) that is visible when the image forming body (6a) is observed at an angle of about 3 degrees toward the light source (7). Figure 9 (b) The moiré pattern (9a) is visible when the image forming body (6a) is viewed horizontally. Figure 9 (c) shows the image forming body (6a) on the viewer side. This shows a moire pattern (9a) that can be seen when tilted. The position of the moire pattern (9a) of the image forming body (6a) changes and is observed depending on the difference in the observation angle.

Further, the moire pattern (9a) in the image forming body (6a) is such that the slit of the first image is orthogonal to the line connecting the eyes of the observer as shown in FIG. When observed in a positional relationship, the moiré pattern (9a) captured by the right eye and the moiré pattern (9a) captured by the left eye appear slightly different, and the moiré pattern (9 a) has a sense of perspective. In this example, the pitch of the first line of convex shape in the first image is small, and in the example where the pitch of the second line of drawing in the second image is small, the moire pattern (9a) should be imaged in front. Therefore, when the base material (5 a) is used as a reference, it is observed as if it exists closer to the observer. At this time, the moire pattern (9a) is visually recognized as black, which is the color of the color pigment in the ink shown in Table 1, and the background where no other moire pattern (9a) occurs is shown in Table 1. It is visually recognized as a gold color which is an interference color of the pearl pigment in the ink.

[0109] — On the other hand, when the pitch of the second image line in the second image is larger than the pitch of the first image line of the convex shape in the first image, the moire pattern (9a) is Since it forms an image, it is observed that it is located farther from the observer when the base material (5a) is used as a reference.

(Example 2)

[0110] An example in which the image lines in the second image are arranged obliquely with respect to the image lines in the first image will be described. [0111] Figure 11 shows the image line structure of the first image (lb). The first image (1 b) ′ is formed by arranging a plurality of convex first image lines (2 b). As shown in the enlarged view of the square part in the first image (1 b), the convex first lines (2 b) with a line width of 0.3 mm are arranged at a pitch of 0.4 mm. . This first image (1b) is formed with the inks shown in Table 1. This ink is a screen ink in which a black color pigment is added to a pearl pigment having a golden interference color. The screen height is about 1 Ojum when UV drying screen printing is performed. A convex line is formed.

[0112] Figure 12 shows the image line structure of the second image (3b). The second image (3 b) is formed by arranging a plurality of second image lines (4 b) having a pitch different from that of the first image (1 b). As shown in the enlarged view of the square part in the second image (3 b), the image line (3 b) with a line width of 0.1 mm has a pitch of 0.36 mm, and the convex first line ( 2 Arranged at 5 degrees to b). This second image (3 b) is overlaid on the first image (1 b) by using UV offset offset printing with a transparent offset ink (T & K TOKA UV Matte OP 3H). In addition, an image forming body (6b) according to an embodiment of the present invention is produced.

[0113] FIG. 13 (a) shows an image that is visually recognized when the image forming body (6b) according to the embodiment of the present invention is observed at an angle where the diffuse reflection light is dominant. Yes. In this case, only the first image is visible. At this time, the color of the first image visually recognized is black, which is the color of the color pigment in the ink shown in Table 1.

FIG. 13 (b) shows an image that is visually recognized when the image forming body (6 b) according to the embodiment of the present invention is observed at an angle where the specular reflection light is dominant. In this case, a moire pattern (9b) generated by the interference between the first image and the second image is observed. Further, according to the principle in FIG. 10 described above, the moire pattern (9 b) is observed as if it is closer to the observer when the base material (5 b) is used as a reference. At this time, the moire pattern (9b) is visually recognized as black, which is the color of the color pigment in the ink shown in Table 1, and other moire patterns (9b) are generated. The background (1 0 b) that is not visible is visible in gold, which is the interference color of the pearl pigment in the ink shown in Table 1.

[0115] Also, in Fig. 14 (a), Fig. 14 (b) and Fig. 14 (c), the angle range in which specular reflection light is dominant (in this example, the light receiving angle is 40 to 50 degrees). The movement of the moire pattern (9b) that is visible when the image formation (6b) is tilted and observed is shown below. Figure 14 (a) shows the moiré pattern (9 b) that is visible when the image forming body (6 b) is observed at an angle of about 3 degrees toward the light source (7). Shows the moiré pattern (9b) that is visible when the image forming body (6b) is observed horizontally. Figure 14 (c) shows the image forming body (6b) on the viewer side. This shows a moire pattern (9b) that can be seen when tilted about 3 degrees. The position of the moire pattern (9 b) of the image forming body (6 b) is changed and observed depending on the difference in the observation angle.

[0116] In this embodiment, the pitch of the convex first image line (2b) forming the first image (1b) shown in Fig. 11 is 0.4 mm. 12 The pitch of the second image line (4 b) forming the second image (3 b) shown in 2 is 0.36 mm. In this case, moire occurs at an interval of about 3.6 mm due to interference between the two lines. The interval at which moiré occurs is due to the difference between the two pitches. The pitch of the convex first line (2b) that forms the first image (1b) and the second image The smaller the pitch difference of the second line (4b) that forms (3b), the smaller the gap between the moire patterns (9b) that occur.

[0117] The slope of the moiré pattern (9 b) is greater than the difference between the two strokes.

In addition, the second image line (4 b) forming the second image (3 b) with respect to the pitch of the convex first image line (2 b) forming the first image (lb). When the pitch is made smaller, the generated moire pattern (9 b) is felt closer to the substrate (5 b) and the first image (1 b ), The pitch of the second image line (4 b) forming the second image (3 b) is larger than the pitch of the first image line (2 b) of the convex shape forming The generated moire pattern (9b) is felt on the back side of the substrate (5b). First picture The closer the pitch of the convex first image line (2 b) that forms the image (1 b) is to the second image line (4 b) that forms the second image (3 b) The generated moire pattern (9 b) has a large distance between them and a great sense of perspective. In addition, when the image forming body (6 b) is tilted within an angle where specular reflection light is dominant The movement of the moiré pattern (9b) becomes larger.

(Example 3)

[0118] The second image is provided with two different pitches, an area formed with a pitch larger than the pitch of the first image and an area formed with a pitch smaller than the pitch of the first image. An example of realizing a visual effect with a more three-dimensional effect, in which two types of moire patterns with different perspectives appear as forms, will be described.

[0119] Fig. 15 shows the image line structure of the first image (1c). The first image (1 c) is formed by arranging a plurality of convex first image lines (2 c). As shown in the enlarged view of the square part in the first image (1 c), convex first lines (2 c) with a line width of 0.3 mm are arranged at a pitch of 0.4 mm. . This first image (1 c) is formed with a convex image line with a height of approximately 1 O / Zm by UV drying screen printing using the ink shown in Table 2.

[0120] Ho 2]

The colored pearl ink made by mixing the iris color pigment with the interference color of gold and the blue color pigment is blue when observed with diffuse reflection. Is recognized, but when it is specularly reflected, blue It has excellent color flip-flop properties that change colors vividly from color to gold.

[0122] Figure 16 shows the L *, a *, and b * values of this solid print sample, which was formed using the ink shown in Table 2 and a solid print sample with a dot area ratio of 100% using the UV drying screen printing method. , Measured using a variable angle spectrocolorimetry system G CMS-4 type (manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory) with the incident light angle fixed at 45 ° and the light receiving angle between 20 ° and 80 °. It is. (1 1 '' ') indicates L * of the printed material formed with colored pearl ink, (1 2' '') indicates a * of the printed material formed with colored pearl ink, and (1 3 '' ' ) Shows the b * of a printed material formed with colored pale ink.

[0123] From the graph in Fig. 16, from the observation angle region where the diffuse reflection light of the colored pearl ink is dominant to the observation angle region where the regular reflection light is dominant, an extremely large color change occurs. It can be confirmed that the color flip-flop is extremely excellent.

[0124] Figure 17 shows the image line structure of the second image (3c). The second image (3c) is the second image line (4c) with a larger pitch than the pitch of the convex first image line (2c) forming the first image (1c). And a plurality of second image lines (4c ') with a pitch smaller than the pitch of the convex first image line (2c) forming the first image (1 c) It is formed by a region forming the third image “J PN” and a region forming the contour of the third image “J PN”. As shown in the enlarged view of the square part in the second image (3 c), the second image line (4 c) with an image line width of 0.1 mm has a pitch of 0.44 mm and a convex first shape. An area formed by two strokes tilted by +5 degrees and 15 degrees with respect to the stroke line (2c) and a second stroke line (4c ') with a stroke width of 0.1 mm An area formed by two lines drawn at +5 degrees and 15 degrees with respect to the first line (2 c) of the convex shape with a pitch of 0.36 mm, and the third image “J It is formed by the areas that form the outline of “PN” (white areas and black areas). The second image (3c) is made of clear offset ink (T & K TOKA UV Matt OP Varnish 3H). The image forming body (6c) according to the embodiment of the present invention is produced by superimposing on the first image (1C) by UV drying type offset printing.

[0125] The effect of the image forming body (6c) thus produced will be described with reference to FIG. Fig. 18 (a) shows the relationship between the light source (7) and the observer's viewpoint (8), and the image forming body (6c) according to an embodiment of the present invention was observed at an angle where diffuse reflected light is dominant. The image visually recognized in the case is shown. In this case, only the first image is visually recognized. The color of the first image visually recognized at this time is blue, which is the color of the color pigment in the ink shown in Table 2.

[0126] Fig. 1 8 (b) shows the relationship between the light source (7) and the observer's viewpoint (8). The image forming body according to one embodiment of the present invention (6 c ) Shows an image that can be seen. In this case, two types of moire patterns (9 c, 9 c ') generated by interference between the first image (1 c) and the second image (3 c), and the region that is the third image (The area forming the outline of “J PN”) is visible.

[0127] According to the principle shown in Fig. 10 above, the moiré pattern (9 c ') that appears inside the character of Γ J PNJ forms the outline of the base material (5 c) or "J PN" The moire pattern (9 c) that appears as if it is close to the observer when the white and black areas are used as a reference and appears outside the characters of rj PNj is the substrate ( 5) When the white and black areas that form the outline of “J PN” are used as a reference, they are observed as if they are far away from the observer.

[0128] —In one image, the region forming the outline of “Γ J PN” which appears to be present at the same position as the base material (5 c), and whether it exists near the base material The moiré pattern (9 c ') that appears inside the characters of rj PNj observed in the same way as the above, and the moiré pattern that appears outside the characters of “J PN” that appears as if they existed far away from the base material. The appearance of the pattern (9c) enhances the relative perspective created by each area and pattern compared to the form that expresses the perspective by the single moire pattern described in the embodiment. The three-dimensional effect is strengthened.

[0129] At this time, the moire pattern (9 c, 9 c ') and the outline of "J PN" were formed. The black areas are visible in blue, which is the color of the color pigment in the ink shown in Table 2, and the background (10c) and p NJ contours where no moire pattern (9c, 9c ') occurs. The white areas forming the are visible in gold as the interference color of the pale pigment in the ink shown in Table 2.

[0130] When the image forming body (6c) is tilted to the left or right, the moire pattern (9c) that appears outside the character "JPN" and the moire that appears inside the character "JPN" The pattern (9 c ') appears to move slowly in different directions.

(Example 4)

[0131] Hereinafter, an example in which the first image and the second image are formed in the form of pixels instead of image lines will be described.

[0132] Fig. 19 shows the pixel configuration of the first image (1d). In the first image (Id), the convex first pixels (2d) are formed in a plurality of matrices with the same shape and the same pixel area. As shown in the enlarged view of the square part in the first image (Id), the first pixel (2d) in the convex shape of 0.4mmX 0.4mm is arranged in a matrix with a pitch of 0.5mm. Has been. This first image (1d) is formed with convex pixels with a height of about 10 m by UV drying screen printing using the ink shown in Table 1.

[0133] Fig. 20 shows the image line structure of the second image (3d). The second image (3d) includes a plurality of second pixels (4d) having a pitch smaller than the pitch of the convex first pixels (2d) forming the first image (I d). And a region forming the character “ΓΝΡΒ” as the third image. As shown in the enlarged view of the square part in the second image (3d), the second pixel (4d) of 0.2mmX 0.2mm is formed with a pitch of 0.45mm. The second image (3d) is made with a transparent offset ink (UV mat OP varnish 3H from T & K TOKA). An image forming body (6d) according to an embodiment of the present invention is produced by overlaying on the first image (1d) by offset printing. [0134] The effect of the image forming body (6d) thus prepared will be described with reference to FIG. Fig. 21 (a) shows the relationship between the light source (7) and the observer's viewpoint (8). The image forming body (6d) according to the embodiment of the present invention was observed at an angle where diffuse reflection light is dominant. In this case, the image is shown. In this case, only the first image is visible. The color of the first image visually recognized at this time is black, which is the color of the color pigment in the ink shown in Table 1.

[0135] Fig. 21 (b) shows the relationship between the light source (7) and the observer's viewpoint (8). The image forming body (6d) according to the embodiment of the present invention at an angle where the specular reflection light is dominant. This shows the image that can be seen when In this case, the moire pattern (9 d) generated by interference between the first image (1 d) and the second image (3 d), the background (1 0 d) and the letters “NPB” Visible. According to the principle in Fig. 10 described above, the moire pattern (9d) appears to be closer to the observer compared to the base (5d) and the area where the characters "ΝΡΒ" are formed. Observed.

[0136] At this time, the black coating portion forming the outline of the moire pattern (9d) and ΓΝΡΒ is visually recognized as black, which is the color of the color pigment in the ink shown in Table 1, and the moire pattern ( 9 d) No background (1 Od) and “White parts inside NPBJ are visible in gold, which is the interference color of the pearl pigment in the ink shown in Table 1.

[0137] In addition, since the first image (1d) is in the form of a pixel, the image forming body (6d) is different from the example shown in the embodiment or the example of Example 1 either up, down, left, or right. Moire pattern (9d) appears to move gently even when tilted toward

[0138] In this example, the pixel shape was made of a square pixel of 0.4 mm X 0: 4 mm and a square pixel of 0.2 mm x 0.2 mm, but the pixel shape is limited to only a square. Alternatively, it may be a polygon such as a rectangle or a pentagon, or a circle.

(Example 5)

[0139] In the following, instead of forming a simple pattern with moire like the previous examples, Explains the case where meaningful information such as letters and marks is formed with moire

[0140] Fig. 22 shows the image line structure of the first image (1 e). The first image is formed by arranging a plurality of convex first image lines (2 e). As shown in the enlarged view of the square part in the first image (1 e), convex first lines (2 e) with a line width of 0.3 mm are arranged at a pitch of 0.4 mm. This first image (1 e) is formed with a convex image line with a height of about 10 / m by UV-drying screen printing using the colorless pearl ink shown in Table 3.

[0141] [Table 3]

[0142] The colorless pearl ink containing only the iris-colored pigment with the interference color of gold is colorless and transparent when observed with diffuse reflected light. Although it is not visible to the naked eye, when it is specularly reflected, it shows a bright golden hue and has an excellent color flip-flop.

[0143] Fig. 23 shows the image line configuration of the second image (3e). The second image (3e) is roughly divided into three areas. FIG. 24 (a) is an enlarged view of the first region (15) in the second image line (4e) located in the upper part shown in FIG. 23, and the second region (4e) located in the middle part shown in FIG. Figure 24 (b) is an enlarged view of the second region (15 ') in the second line (4e'). The second line (4e ') located in the lower part of Fig. 23 is shown in Figure 24 (b). Fig. 24 (c) shows an enlargement of the second region ('5' ') in' ').

[0144] Fig. 24 (a) is composed of the second image line (4 e) in which the characters "jj" compressed in the horizontal direction are regularly arranged with a pitch of 0.38 mm. Fig. 24 (b) Is The letter “P”, compressed horizontally from the horizontal direction, consists of the second line (4 e ') regularly arranged at a pitch of 0.42 mm, and Fig. 24 (c) Characters compressed from the direction “NJ consists of second lines (4 e '') regularly arranged at a pitch of 0.38 mm. Convex shape forming the first image (1 e) If the pitch of the image line forming the second image (3 e) is larger than the pitch of the first image line (2 e), the moire pattern will appear reversed. In the case of the second line (4 e ') in which the letter “P” compressed from the horizontal direction is arranged, it is formed by flipping it in advance as shown in Fig. 24 (b). . The second image (3 e) is printed on top of the first image (1 e) by using UV offset offset printing with a transparent offset ink (UV Matt OP Varnish 3 H made by T & K TOKA). The image forming body (6e) according to the embodiment of the present invention is produced by superimposing them.

[0145] The pitch of the image line forming the second image (3 β) is based on the pitch of the convex first image line (2 e) forming the first image (1 e). The principle of moiré patterns appearing in an inverted manner as described above will be described with reference to FIG. In one embodiment of the present invention, the moiré pattern generated by the interference between the first image and the second image is not only based on the perspective of the second image, but also depending on the magnitude of the pitch of the second image. Actually, the orientation of the moire image has changed. To illustrate this specific example, in Figs. 25 (a) to (c), it is assumed that the dotted line is a convex line that forms the first image, and the second image called Pj is superimposed on top of it. Only the part where the dotted line overlaps with the second image is locally sampled to show an image obtained by simulating the moire image formed in one embodiment of the present invention at a low resolution.

[0146] As shown in FIGS. 25 (a) and (b), the region of the second image that appears as a moire pattern is caused by the difference in pitch between the first image and the second image. Depending on whether the character is sampled in the forward direction or the character in the reverse direction, the moiré pattern that appears may be reversed left and right (mirrored). This reversal phenomenon is also observed in the description of the above-described embodiment, Example 1 and Example 2. Although it actually occurred, the moire pattern was a simple striped pattern, so there was no need to consider this left-right (mirror) inversion phenomenon. However, when meaningful information is formed as in this embodiment, in order to avoid losing the meaning of characters and marks due to this reversal phenomenon, If the stitch is large, it is necessary to form the second image in advance by left-right inversion as shown in Fig. 25 (c).

[0147] The effect of the image forming body thus produced will be described with reference to FIG. Fig. 26 (a) shows the relationship between the light source (7) and the observer's viewpoint (8). The image forming body (6e) according to the embodiment of the present invention was observed at an angle where diffuse reflection is dominant. In this case, the image is shown. In this case, only the first image is visible, but the colorless pearl ink shown in Table 2 is colorless at the angle where the diffuse reflected light is dominant. The visibility is too low to be possible.

[0148] Fig. 26 (b) shows the relationship between the light source (7) and the observer's viewpoint (8). The image forming body (6e) according to the embodiment of the present invention at an angle where the specular reflection light is dominant. This shows the image that can be seen when In this case, three types of moire patterns (9 e, 9 e ', 9 e' ') generated by interference between the first image e) and the second image (3 e) and the background (1 0 e) Is visible. Based on the principle shown in Fig. 10 above, the moire pattern (9 e, 9 e '') that appears as the letters “J” and ΓΝ is more visible to the observer when the base material (5 e) is used as a reference. The moire pattern (9 e ') that appears to be present near and appears as the letter “p” is more distant from the observer when the base material (5 e) is used as a reference. As observed.

[0149] Thus, in one image, the moire pattern (9 e, 9 e '') that is observed as if it exists near the base material, and the base material far away The appearance of a moire pattern (9 Θ '), which is observed as if it is, enhances the difference in relative perspective and enhances the three-dimensional effect.

[0150] At this time, the moire pattern (9 β, 9 e ', 9 e'') The background color (10 e) is visually recognized in gold, which is the interference color of the pearl pigment in the ink shown in Table 2.

[0151] Also, when the image forming body (6 e) is tilted to the left and right, the moire pattern (9 e, 9 e '') that appears as the characters “jj and ΓΝ” and the character that appears as the characters “Pj” Moire patterns (9 e ') appear to move gently in different directions.

(Example 6)

[0152] Hereinafter, an example will be described in which characters and marks are expressed in the first image by providing a thick line width for the convex line. In the present embodiment, the images displayed at an angle where the diffuse reflection light is dominant and the angle where the regular reflection is dominant are switched to completely different images.

[0153] Fig. 27 shows the image line structure of the first image (I f). The first image (鳳凰 “Trademark Registration No. 30421 01”) is formed by arranging a plurality of convex first image lines (2 f). As shown in the enlarged view of the square part in the first image (1 f), the convex first image line (2 f) is arranged with a force <<, line width §0 1 o mm and the line width 畐 0.1 8 | ^ of the two |] 1 畐 << exist, and the image of the 鳳凰 shown in Fig. 27 is formed with the thin line width. In other words, the マーク mark is formed by an image line having a line width of 0.18 mm, and the background of the 鳳凰 mark is formed by an image line having an image line width of 0.15 mm. The first image (1 f) is formed with a convex image line having a height of about 10 <m by screen printing of the UV drying method using the colored pearl ink shown in Table 1.

[0154] The object color in the above-mentioned ink is colorless, and this colored pearl ink made by mixing a black interference pigment with a black interference pigment is a case where it is observed with diffuse reflected light. Although it is recognized as black, when it is regularly reflected, it has an excellent color flip-flop property in which the hue changes vividly from black to gold.

FIG. 28 shows the image line configuration of the second image (3 f). The second image (3 f) has a convex line shape with a second image line (4 f) with a line width of 0.1 mm and a pitch of 0.27 mm. It is formed by an area formed by two lines that are inclined by +5 degrees and 15 degrees with respect to the first line (2 f), and a white area that forms the letters “NPB”. ing. The second image (3 f) is UV offset offset printing using clear offset ink (T & K TOKA's UV pine OP varnish 3 H) and the first image (I f) The image forming body (6 f) according to the embodiment of the present invention is manufactured by superimposing them.

[0156] The effect of the image forming body (6f) produced in this way will be described with reference to FIG. Fig. 29 (a) shows the relationship between the light source (7) and the observer's viewpoint (8). The image forming body (6f) according to the embodiment of the present invention was observed at an angle where diffuse reflection light is dominant. In this case, the image is shown. In this case, the cocoon image that is the first image is visually recognized.

[0157] Fig. 29 (b) shows the relationship between the light source (7) and the observer's viewpoint (8). The image forming body (6f) according to the embodiment of the present invention at an angle where the specular reflection light is dominant. This shows the image that can be seen when In this case, the first image (1 f) disappears completely, and the moire pattern (9 f) generated by the interference between the first image (I f) and the second image (3 f), The area forming the character “ΓΝΡΒ” and the background (10 f) are visible. The reason for the disappearance of the first image (1 f) is that the amount of reflected light that reaches the eyes of the observer from the first image (I f) becomes extremely large due to the incidence of specular reflection light. This is because it is difficult to visually recognize the first print image expressed by the difference in width.

[0158] According to the principle shown in Fig. 10 above, the moire pattern (9 f) appears to be closer to the observer when the base material (5 f) and the letters “NPB” are used as a reference. Observed.

[0159] At this time, the black portions forming the outlines of the moiré patterns (9 f) and ΓΝΡΒ are observed in black, which is the color of the colored pigment of the colored pearl ink shown in Table 1. The inside of “” and the background (10 f) are visually recognized in gold, which is the interference color of the pearl pigment in the ink shown in Table 2.

[0160] When the image forming body (6 f) is tilted left and right, a moire pattern (9 f) Seems to move slowly.

(Example 7)

[0161] In the following, the moiré pattern itself in which meaningful information such as characters and marks is continuously arranged and appears in the second image as in Example 3 is made significant, and the pitch of the second image is continuously set. An example in which the three-dimensional effect is emphasized by changing is described.

[0162] In this example, the first image is formed with the colorless pearl ink shown in Table 3 in order to make the first image not visible at an angle where diffuse reflection light is dominant. Before the first image is formed, the size of the first image shown in Fig. 30 (a) is the same as that of the first image. The solid image (1 4) formed with a dot area ratio of 100% is printed on the base material using blue ink (Dai-icure Septa-RT-8 Indigo, manufactured by Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc.) Print.

[0163] Next, Fig. 30 (b) shows the line composition of the first image (1 g). The first image is formed by arranging a plurality of convex first image lines (2 _g ). As shown in the enlarged view of the square part in the first image (1 g), the convex first lines (2 g) are arranged with a pitch of 0.4 mm and a line width of 0.3 mm. . This first image (1 g) is superimposed on the solid image (14) shown in Fig. 30 (a) and is used for UV drying screen printing with the colorless pearl ink shown in Table 2. Therefore, it is formed with a convex line with a height of about 10 / m.

[0164] The object color in the above-mentioned ink is colorless, and this colorless pearl ink, which contains only the iris color pigment with the interference color of gold, is colorless and almost colorless when observed with diffuse reflected light. Although it is invisible, it has an excellent color flip-flop property that shows a golden hue when specularly reflected.

[0165] Fig. 31 shows the image line composition of the second image (3 g). The second image (3 g) is made up of a set of two types of white letters. One is located above the second image (3 g) and the second image line (4 g ) Is a set of the characters “P” reversed left and right, and the other is located below the second image (3 g) It is a set consisting of an array of letters “J”, which is the second line (4 g ').

[0166] Fig. 32 (a) shows a set of second lines (4 g) formed by horizontally inverting the letter "P". Figure 32 (b) shows a second set of characters rjj arranged. A set of strokes (4 g ') is shown.

[0167] The second line formed by arranging the characters “pj left and right reversed” shown in Fig. 32 (a)

In the set of (4 g), the width of the character itself is fixed at 0.25 mm, but the height of the arrangement pitch is continuously changed according to the position in the horizontal direction. The pitch increases continuously from the center line B—B ′ toward the right and left edges of the image.

[0168] Figure 33 (a) shows an enlarged view of the first region (16) in the second line (4 g) near the center line B—B '(Figure 32), and Figure 33 (b) ) Shows an enlarged view of the second region (16 ') in the second line (4g) at the right end. The change in the pitch of the second image line (4 g) formed by inverting the characters Γ における in this example left and right is in the range of 0.412 mm to 0.432 mm.

[0169] As shown in Fig. 33 (a) and Fig. 33 (b), they are arranged at a pitch of 0.41 2 mm at the position corresponding to the center line B-B '(Fig. 32), and gradually increase toward the outside. The pitch spreads to the end and finally spreads to 0.432 mm at the end. The height of the second image line is 20 mm in the first area (16), 23 mm at the end corresponding to the second area (16 '), and gradually toward the end. Has expanded to.

[0170] As shown in Fig. 32 (b), the width of the second line (4 g ') consisting of the arrangement of the letter "J" is 0.25 mm as in the case of the letter Γρ. However, the arrangement pitch and character height are continuously changed according to the position in the horizontal direction, and from the center line C to C ', it goes from the center to the right and left edges of the image. Unlike the case of the letter “Pj”, the pitch is continuously decreasing.

[0171] Figure 34 (a) shows an enlarged view of the first region (17) in the second line (4 g ') near the center line C-C' (Figure 32), and Figure 34 (b) ) Shows an enlarged view of the second region (17 ′) in the second drawing line (4 g ′) at the right end. In this example The change in the pitch of the second line (4 g ') consisting of the letter "J" is in the range of 0.3 88mm to 0.368mm. This is because the letter "Pj" The change in pitch of the second image line (4 g) consisting of 0. 41 2 mm to 0.432 mm, and the first image line (2 g) of the convex shape in the first image (1 g) Based on the pitch of 0.4 mm, the second line (4 g ') of the letter “J” that overlaps vertically and the second line (4 g) with the left and right reversed characters “pj” The absolute values of the differences are controlled so as to match.

[0172] As shown in Fig. 34 (a) and Fig. 34 (b), it is arranged at a pitch of 0.388 mm at the position corresponding to the center line C-C '(Fig. 32), and gradually increases toward the outside. At the edge where the pitch is small, it is finally reduced to 0.368 mm. The height of the second line is 25 mm in the first area (17), and 23 mm at the end corresponding to the second area (17 '). It is gradually shrinking.

[0173] This second image (3 g) was obtained by UV drying offset printing using a transparent offset ink (T & K TOKA's UV pine OP varnish 3 H). ) To form an image forming body (6 g) according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0174] The effect of the image forming body (6 g) thus prepared will be described with reference to FIG. Fig. 35 (a) shows the relationship between the light source (7) and the observer's viewpoint (8), and the image forming body (6 g) according to the embodiment of the present invention was observed at an angle where diffuse reflection light is dominant. The image visually recognized in the case is shown. As shown in Fig. 35 (a), when the image forming body (6 g) is observed at an angle where the diffuse reflected light is dominant, the blue solid image (14) shown in Fig. 30 (a) Visible.

[0175] Fig. 35 (b) shows the relationship between the light source (7) and the observer's viewpoint (8). The image forming body (6 g) according to the embodiment of the present invention at an angle where the specular reflection light is dominant. This shows the image that can be seen when As shown in Fig. 35 (b), when the image forming body (6 g) is observed at an angle where the specular reflection light is dominant, the first image (1 g) and the second image (3 g) Moire pattern caused by interference (9g, 9g ' ) And background (10 g) are visible.

[0176] The moiré pattern (9 g) of the letter “J” is observed to be closer to the observer as it approaches the center line indicated by D—D ′. The character moire pattern (9 g ') is observed to be closer to the observer as it approaches the center line indicated by D—D'. Therefore, on the center line shown in D—D ', the moiré pattern (9 g) of the letter jj is near and the moiré pattern (9 g') of the letter ΓΡ J is far away. In addition, as the images move closer to E-E 'and F-F' on the left and right of the image, the moiré pattern (9g) for the letter Jj and the moiré pattern (9g 'for the letter P) ) 'S perspective is approaching, and at the positions of E-E' and F-F 'on the left and right of the image, the moiré pattern (9 g) of the letter “Jj” and the moiré pattern of the letter “P” (9 g' The perspective of) is seen in perfect agreement. Therefore, the moiré pattern of “J” and Γρ is recognized as if it were three-dimensionally floating in the shape of a circular cylinder.

[0177] At this time, the moire pattern of the letter “J” (9 g) and the moire pattern of the letter “G” (9 g ') are clear because the first image (1 g) is colorless and transparent. The solid image (14) shown in Fig. 30 is visually recognized in blue, and the background (1 Og) is visually recognized in gold, which is the interference color of the pearl pigment in the ink shown in Table 2.

[0178] When the image forming body (6 g) is tilted left and right, the moiré pattern (9 g) for the letter “J” and the moiré pattern (9 g ') for the letter “P” The three-dimensional effect is emphasized more because each turn in the opposite direction.

(Example 8)

[0179] The following is an example in which significant information such as characters and marks is formed by moire as in Example 5, and instead of forming characters and marks in the second image as in the previous examples. An example will be described in which specific characters and marks are formed in the first image that forms the unevenness, and moire is generated as in the previous examples. In this embodiment, the second image is formed by screen printing.

[0180] Figure 36 shows the image line structure of the first image (1 h). The first image (1 h) is roughly divided into two areas. Located at the top shown in Figure 36 Fig. 37 (a) is an enlarged view of the first region (18) in the first drawing line (2 h). The first drawing line (2 h ') located at the bottom shown in Fig. 36 is shown in Fig. 37 (a). Fig. 37 (b) shows an enlargement of the second region (18 ').

[0181] Fig. 37 (a) is composed of the first image line (2 h) in which the characters “J j” compressed from the horizontal direction are regularly arranged at a pitch of 0.55 mm. ) Consists of the second image line (2 h ') in which the letter “P” compressed from the horizontal direction reversed left and right is regularly arranged at a pitch of 0.65 mm. The first image (1 h) is formed with a convex image line with a height of approximately 10 m by screen drying using the colorless pearl ink shown in Table 3 and UV drying. The reason why the letter “P” compressed from the horizontal direction is formed by being reversed horizontally is the same as the principle described in the fifth embodiment.

[0182] Fig. 38 shows the image line structure of the second image (3 h). The second image (3 h) is formed by arranging a plurality of second image lines (4 h). As shown in the enlarged view of the square part in the second image (3 h), the second image line (4 h) having an image line width of 0.4 mm is arranged at a pitch of 0.6 mm. The second image (3 h) is obtained by using UV-drying screen printing and using a transparent, low-gloss screen ink (UV curable Reicure I OP Jujo Chemical Co., Ltd.). An image forming body (6 h) according to an embodiment of the present invention is produced by superimposing them on the top.

[0183] The effect of the image forming body thus prepared will be described with reference to FIG. Fig. 39 (a) shows the relationship between the light source (7) and the observer's viewpoint (8). The image forming body (6h) according to the embodiment of the present invention was observed at an angle where diffuse reflection light is dominant. In this case, the image is shown. In this case, only the first image is visible, but the colorless pearl ink shown in Table 3 is colorless at the angle where the diffuse reflection light is dominant, so it can be almost recognized without the observer's attention. The visibility is not so low.

[0184] Fig. 39 (b) shows the relationship between the light source (7) and the observer's viewpoint (8), with the image forming body (6 h) according to the embodiment of the present invention at an angle where the specular reflection light is dominant. Observed In this case, the image is shown. In this case, two types of moire patterns (9h, 9h ′) generated by interference between the first image (1 h) and the second image (3 h) and the background (1 Oh) are visually recognized. Unlike the principle shown in Fig. 10, the moiré pattern (9h) that appears as the letter "J" is observed as if it is located farther from the viewer when the base material (5 h) is used as a reference. The moiré pattern (9 h ') that appears as the letter “P” is observed to be closer to the observer when the base material (5 h) is used as a reference. The perspective is reversed from that in Example 5, but this is because the image composition of the first image and the second image is reversed, and the moiré pattern when the image forming body (6 h) is tilted and observed. The moving direction of (9h, 9h ′) also moves in the opposite direction to the printed matter of Example 5.

[0185] In this way, in one image, the moire pattern (9h) is observed as if it exists far from the base material, and as if it exists near the base material. The appearance of the observed moire pattern (9h ') enhances the difference in relative perspective and enhances the three-dimensional effect.

[0186] At this time, the moire pattern (9h, 9h ') is visually recognized in gray, which is the color when the substrate (5h) is diffusely reflected, and the background (1 Oh) is in the ink shown in Table 2. It is visible in the gold color which is the interference color of the purple pigment.

[0187] When the image forming body (6h) is tilted to the left and right, the moire pattern (9h) that appears as the characters jj and the moire pattern (9h ') that appears as the characters ΓΡ Each appears to move slowly in different directions.

[0188] In other examples, relatively simple lines and pixels were formed in the first image. However, as in this example, complex significant information such as characters and marks is continuously displayed in the first image. It can be formed even if it is specifically formed. In another example, the second image is formed only by offset printing. However, as in this embodiment, it can be formed by a printing method other than offset printing, such as screen printing. Needless to say, flexo, intaglio, and relief can be easily formed. It can also be formed using an ink jet printer, thermal transfer printer, or a laser marker. In this case, the information on each sheet can be changed. So-called variable information printing is also possible.

Further, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 40 (a) shows the image line structure of the first image of the image forming body in one embodiment of the present invention, and (b) shows an image group composed of the first image elements constituting the first image. FIG. 41 (a) is a reference of the first pitch when the first image element constituting the first image in the embodiment of the present invention has a line structure, and (b) is an embodiment of the present invention. A reference for the first pitch when the first image element constituting the first image in the form has a pixel structure is shown. FIG. 42 shows the image line structure of the second image of the image forming body in one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 43 (a) shows a discrimination type of the image forming body in one embodiment of the present invention, (b) shows a laminated type in the integrated type, and (c) shows a front / back composite type in the integrated type. FIG. 44 (a) is a (discriminating type) configuration in which the first image and the second image are superimposed in one embodiment of the present invention, (b) is a method for observing a moire image, and (c) is the present invention. (D) shows a method for observing a moire image, in which the first image and the second image are superposed on each other in the embodiment. FIG. 45 shows a moire image visually recognized in an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 46 (a) shows the line composition of the first image of the image forming body in Example 9, and FIG. 46 (b) shows an image group composed of the first image elements constituting the first image. FIG. 47 shows the image line configuration of the second image of the image forming body in Example 9. FIG. 48 (a) shows a configuration in which the first image and the second image in Example 9 are superimposed, and (b) shows a method for observing a moire image. FIG. 49 shows a moire image visually recognized in the ninth embodiment. FIG. 50 (a) shows the line composition of the first image of the image forming body in Example 10, and FIG. 50 (b) shows an image group composed of the first image elements constituting the first image. FIG. 51 shows the image line structure of the second image of the image forming body in Example 10. FIG. 52 (a) shows a configuration in which the first image and the second image in Example 10 are superimposed, and (b) shows a method for observing the moire image. FIG. 53 shows a moiré image visually recognized in Example 10. FIG. 54 (a) shows the image line composition of the first image of the image forming body in Example 11 and FIG. 54 (b) shows an image group composed of the first image elements constituting the first image. FIG. 55 shows the second image of the image forming body in Example 11 1. The image line structure of an image is shown. FIG. 56 (a) shows a configuration in which the first image and the second image in Example 11 are superimposed, and (b) shows a method for observing the moire image. FIG. 5 7 shows a moiré image visually recognized in the embodiment 11. FIG. 58 shows a first image of the image forming body in Example 12. FIG. 59 shows a second image of the image forming body in Example 12. FIG. 60 (a) shows a configuration in which the first image and the second image in Example 12 are superimposed, and (b) shows a method for observing the moire image. FIG. 61 shows a moiré image visually recognized in Example 12. FIG. 62 (a) shows the image line composition of the first image of the image forming body in Example 13 and (b) shows an image group composed of the first image elements constituting the first image. FIG. 63 shows the image line configuration of the second image of the image forming body in Example 1 3. Fig. 64 (a) shows a configuration in which the first image and the second image in Example 13 are superimposed, and (b) shows a method for observing the moire image. FIG. 65 shows a moiré image visually recognized in Example 13. FIG. 66 (a) shows the image line configuration of the first image of the image forming body in Example 14, and (b) shows an image group made up of the first image elements constituting the first image. FIG. 67 shows the image line structure of the moiré concealment image in Example 14. FIG. 68 (a) shows a configuration in which the first image and the second image in Example 14 are superimposed, and (b) shows a method for observing the moire image. FIG. 69 shows a moire image visually recognized in the example 14.

[0190] (Image structure of image forming body)

First, a basic configuration of an image forming body according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The image forming body has a first image and a second image, and a moiré image appears due to interference between the first image and the second image.

[0191] "Three-dimensional moire" means that when a similar pattern is superimposed on an object with regularly arranged dots and lines, it has a different sense of depth and depth than the two-dimensionally visible moire. And it refers to moire that can be seen in three dimensions.

[0192] (First image)

Figure 40 (a) shows the line composition of the first image in the image forming body, and (b) shows the first image. Fig. 2 shows an image group consisting of first image elements constituting an image. The first image (1 01) is composed of an image group composed of a plurality of first image elements (1 01-1, 1 01-2, ■ · ■, 1 01- n). 1st image element (1 01 —1), 2nd first image element (1 01— 2), ■ ■ ■, 1st image element (n is a natural number of 2 or more) (1 01— n), each first image element (1 01—

1, 1 01—2, ■ ■ ■ ■, 1 01—n) compress all the first image elements in the horizontal direction at the same reduction ratio so that the first image elements do not overlap each other. — 1,

1 01—2, 1 ■■ ■, 1 01— n are arranged in order of regular first pitch. In one embodiment of the present invention, the first image element is 1 01-1 to 1 0

1 1 Regularly arranged state up to n is defined as one cycle.

[0193] The compression direction of the first image element needs to be the same direction as the arrangement direction of the second image element of the second image (102) that forms a pair with the first image. As a concrete example,

As shown in Fig. 42, when the second image (102) is formed with vertical slits, the first image element shown in Fig. 40 (b) is compressed only in the horizontal direction, and Fig. 40 (a) The first image shown in (1 01) is required. As the compression procedure, the image group consisting of the first image elements shown in Fig. 40 (b) is treated as one group, and the entire image is compressed. As a result, the pitch between the first image elements is the first pitch. The compression ratio may be adjusted so that each of the first image elements shown in FIG. 40 (b) is compressed with a specific compression ratio, and each first image element is compressed. May be arranged at the first pitch. However, after compressing each image group consisting of the first image elements at a specific compression ratio, the compression ratio when each first image element is arranged at the first pitch is compressed. It is desirable to keep the width of each first image element within a range that does not exceed the first pitch. This is because when the width of each compressed first image element exceeds the first pitch, the first image elements overlap each other, so that the appearing moire image also appears overlapping. This is because moire images are difficult to separate.

[0194] By arranging the first image elements for one period, the effect of the embodiment of the present invention is achieved. A certain moire image appears. However, if the length of one cycle does not reach a sufficient width, or if the pitch difference between the second image element and the second image element is too small, the number of moiré images that appear is one. There are cases where it is less. In such a case, the moire image may not be observable. Therefore, the first image element (1 01 — 1, 1 0 1 — 2, ■ ■ ', 1 0 1 -n) is the end of one cycle 1 0 1 1 Next to the first image element of n, the first image element of 1 01 — 1 is arranged with a regular first pitch, and similarly 1 01 — 2, 1 0 1 one 3 The first image may be formed by repeating this several cycles. As described above, by repeatedly arranging the first image elements arranged in the first image (1 0 1), it is possible to adjust the number of moire images generated by interference between the first image and the second image. It is possible.

[0195] The regular first pitch means that 1 0 1— 1, 1 01 — 2, ■ ■ ■, 1 0 1 — π may be arranged at the same first pitch, and 1 0 1-1, 1 01 -2, 1 · 1 · 1, 1 0 1-n gradually increase the first pitch, or conversely, 1 0 1-1, 1 01-2, ■ ■ ■, 1 0 It is also possible to gradually reduce the first pitch according to 1-n. When the first image is composed of multiple periods and the first pitch is gradually changed, the first pitch is changed at a constant rate from 1 01 — 1 to 1 01 1 n in the first period, and the next In the second period, 1 01 –1, the first pitch is changed at the same rate relative to 1 0 1 — n in the first period, and in the third period, the first pitch is also changed at a constant rate from 1 01 — n. Change it. The same applies to the first pitch when the first image has four cycles and five cycles. Also, the first period is arranged at the same first pitch, the second period is arranged by changing the first pitch at a constant rate, and the third period is arranged at the same first pitch. A configuration may be used.

[0196] The number of first image elements that make up the image group is not limited to a specific number, but it is free to consider the fineness of the movement of the image, the amount of movement, the number of occurrences of moiré, etc. You may decide. In addition, the direction in which each first image element is compressed basically compresses the image in one direction such as a vertical direction, a horizontal direction, or an oblique direction. It is possible to compress both vertically and horizontally (simple reduction). In an embodiment of the present invention, a first image element compressed only in the vertical direction or only in the horizontal direction is defined as a line structure, and a first image element compressed in both the vertical and horizontal directions is defined as a pixel structure. In addition, vertical compression is a form of compression from the top and bottom of the image, and the compressed image is horizontally long. Conversely, horizontal compression is a form of compression from the left and right sides of an image, and the compressed image is horizontally long.

[0197] When the first image element is compressed in the horizontal direction, the second image needs to have a streak structure that forms a vertical slit structure. (2) The image must have a line structure that forms a vertical slit structure. When compressing in both vertical and horizontal directions, the second image has a pixel structure consisting of circles and polygons arranged vertically and horizontally. There must be. When compressed in the horizontal direction, the moiré image moves left and right by overlapping with the second image and flipped left and right. When compressed in the vertical direction, the moiré image is overlapped with the second image and flipped up and down. When moving up and down and compressing vertically and horizontally, flipping up and down and left and right will move the moire image up and down and left and right. In addition, when compressing in the vertical direction, it is possible to express perspective using binocular parallax.

[0198] In order to form a moire image to appear sharply, it is desirable that the line width of the first image element in the first image is narrower, but considering printability and line reproducibility during continuous printing. If so, it must be determined according to the complexity of the image.

[0199] The first image elements (1 0 1—1, 1 0 1—2, ■ ■ ■, 1 0 1-n) shown in Fig. 40 (b) represent a simplified diagram of a total of ri human bodies. It is an image. These are the adjacent first image elements: 1 0 1—1 and 1 0 1—2, 1 0 1—2 and 1 0 1—3, 1 0 1—3 and 1 0 1—4, Since then, all of the first image elements from 1 0 1—n have changed slightly. The degree of change is regular, the degree of change between 1 0 1— 1 and 1 0 1—2, the degree of change between 1 0 1— 2 and 1 0 1 1 3, 1 0 1 _ 3 It is preferable that the degree of change of 1 and 1 0 1−4 and the degree of change after that are all the same degree of change. In other words, if the degree of change between 1 0 1— 1 and 1 0 1— 2 is taken as 1 0 1 — 2 and 1 0 1 1 The degree of change of 3 is also 1 0 1 — 3 and 1 0 1 — 4 is also the same degree of change. As a result, the degree of change of 1 0 1 — 1 and 1 01 — 3 is 2 The degree of change between 1 0 1 — 1 and 1 0 1 1 4 is three times, and the degree of change is always regular, and the degree of change between adjacent first image elements is almost Preferably they are the same.

[0200] However, as long as the number of n is increased, the degree of change is extremely small as long as it is difficult to see with the naked eye. Also good. For example, in the case of FIG. 40, when n of the first image elements is 200, the degree of change between the adjacent first image elements is hardly visible to the naked eye. Only in this case, even if the first image element of the 100th image and the first image element of the 101st image are not changed and have the same configuration, the appearing moire image is not affected. However, when n of the first image element is 7, the degree of change between the adjacent first image elements is large. For example, the third first image element and the fourth first image element If there is no change in the image and the structure is the same, the moiré image that appears is not a moiré that has a smooth motion that is continuous, but a sudden change in the motion that does not result in a smooth moiré. From this, it is preferable that the degree of change between the adjacent first image elements is substantially the same.

[0201] Furthermore, in other words, when one motion is performed from the first first image element (1 01 — 1) to the first image element (1 0 1 — η) of η, The average degree of change divided by η, the number of image elements, is the degree of change between adjacent first image elements. From the first first image element (1 0 1 — 1) to the first of η The degree of change up to the image element (1 0 1−η) is (n X Qf).

[0202] This creates a flow that is continuously connected to the change itself. In the case of the human body shown in Fig. 40 (b), 1 01 — 1, 1 0 1 — 2, · ■ ■, As the order of 1 0 1-η continues, the simple figure of the human body appears to be walking in the right direction, so it is gradually changed.

[0203] The degree of change of the first image element described above is increased or decreased. Therefore, the degree of change in the generated moire image, that is, the walking speed of the human body and the swing of the hand generated as a moire image are different. The reason for this will be described later.

[0204] Also, when one action is the first action, the degree of change between the adjacent first image elements needs to be the same in the first action. When the first image is formed in parallel with the second motion and further the third motion, the degree of change in the first motion and the degree of change in the second motion are the same. There is no need.

[0205] That is, for example, in the first movement, a form from a person's sitting to a standing form is represented, and in the second movement, a form in which a person is walking slowly is represented. In the operation of, the form that the person starts running is expressed, and the first image is formed by three types of operations, the first operation, the second operation, and the third operation. If you want to express the movement of the third movement earlier than the second movement, if the degree of change between the first image elements during the first movement is or, the second movement is the second movement. The degree of change between two image elements is two, and the degree of change between first image elements during the next third operation is three. However, the degree of change between the first image elements during the first operation is almost half, and the degree of change between the first image elements during the second action is almost two. The degree of change between the first image elements during the operation is all three.

In addition, as shown in FIGS. 4 1 (a) and (b), the first pitch reference part for regularly arranging the first component elements is the first component element. In the case of changing from the first to the nth, the position where no change is made in the first component, for example, the center of the head of the human body is used as the reference of the first pitch as shown in FIG. 41 (a). As a result, the same pitch (pitch a) can be achieved. On the other hand, when the change point is used as a reference for the pitch, for example, as shown in Fig. 41 (a), when the tip of the left foot of the human body is used as the reference for the pitch, the first first component There is a change in motion from the first component to the nth first component, and an error occurs in the first pitch (pitch a, pitch b, pitch c, pitch d, pitch e). Therefore, the location where there is no change in the first component is used as the reference for the first pitch. If the first image is in the form of a cube shown in Fig. 41 (b), the shape of the cube itself is not changed, and the form is as if the cube is rolling by changing the angle, the first pitch reference Is the center point of the cube.

[0207] (second image)

FIG. 42 shows a second image (1 02) for interference with the first image (1 01). The second image (102) is made up of a second image group composed of second image elements, and the second image group has second image elements arranged continuously at a regular second pitch. Become. This second image element has an image line structure or a pixel structure by slits.

[0208] The regular second pitch means that all the lines may be arranged at the same pitch. Furthermore, the second pitch is gradually increased, or conversely, the second pitch is gradually decreased. It is also possible to skip.

[0209] However, regarding the second pitch of the second image element in the second image (102), the line width of the line structure, and the pixel size of the pixel structure, the structure of the first image (101) Determined by. The relationship between the first image and the second image and the generated moire image will be described below.

[0210] (Relationship between first image, second image and moire image)

The height of the moire image to be generated is determined by the height of the first image (101) when moire is generated in the vertical slit structure as shown in FIG.

[0211] The width of the generated moire image is determined by the difference between the first pitch of the first image element in the first image 01) and the second pitch of the second image element in the second image (102).

[0212] For example, in the case of the human body shown in Fig. 40 (b), the degree of change in the moire image to be generated is, whether it is walking slowly or normally The degree of change in the moiré image such as is determined by how different one first image element in the first image (101) is from the adjacent first image element. In other words, as fast as possible If you want to create a new animation, make the limb inclination and position change significantly between the first image element 101-1 and 101-2.

[0213] Furthermore, the degree of change of the moire image to be generated is the same as the other elements in the first pitch of the first image element in the first image (101) and the second image (1 02

) Is greatly influenced by the difference in the second pitch of the second image element. When the pitch difference is reduced, the degree of change increases. When the pitch difference is increased, the degree of change decreases.

[0214] The direction of the movement of the moire image to be generated and the perspective of the moire image are the first image.

It is determined by the first pitch of the first image element in (1 01) and the second pitch of the second image element in the second image (102). For example, as shown in FIG. 44 (a), the first image (101) and the second image (102) are arranged with the first image (101) positioned closer to the observer than the second image (102). ) To observe the moire image, the base material (1 03) on which the first image (1 01) is printed is fixed, and the base material (103 ′) on which the second image (102) is printed is fixed. ) In the left direction, and if you want to move the moire image to the right, the first image (101) rather than the second pitch of the second image element in the second image (102) The first image element in the first image (101) is smaller than the second pitch in the second image element (102) if the first pitch of the first image element in the second image element is reduced and moved in the opposite direction. It is necessary to increase the first pitch.

[0215] Further, as shown in FIG. 44, the first image (1 01) and the second image (1 02) are positioned in a positional relationship closer to the observer than the second image (102). When moiré images are observed by interfering with each other, if you want to create a sense of depth in the moiré image, the second image (102) in the first image (101) can be used as a reference. When the first pitch of the first image element is increased and conversely, a moire image is desired to have a forward feeling, the first image (101) is based on the second pitch of the second image element in the second image (102). The perspective can be changed by reducing the first pitch of the first image element in) It is.

[0216] If the difference between the first pitch of the first image element in the first image (1 01) and the second pitch of the second image element in the second image (1 02) is large, the sense of depth If the pitch difference is small, the sense of depth will increase the sense of front. However, for perspective, the sense of depth and depth are reversed depending on the positional relationship between the first image (1 01) and the second image (1 02) as viewed from the viewer. The feeling is reversed. For example, if the first image (01) is positioned farther from the observer than the second image (102), the first image (101) and the second image (102) are interfered with each other and the moiré image is observed. Specifically, if the lenticular mirror is overlapped as the second image (102) and the moire image is authenticated by reflected light, the perspective is reversed from the above-described example. In other words, as a second image (102), when it is desired to create a sense of depth in the model image using a wrench mirror, the first pitch is set based on the second pitch of the second image element in the second image (102). If you want to reduce the first pitch of the first image element in the image (1 01) and conversely create a foreground feeling in the moire image, set the second pitch of the second image element in the second image (1 02). As a reference, the first pitch of the first image element in the first image (1 01) needs to be increased

[0217] In the animation, the movement represented by the first image element shown in Fig. 40 (a) is expressed as a video as it is. The height and width of the resulting moire image, the speed of walking and the size of the movement, The direction of movement, in addition to the adjustment of perspective and the suppression of the distortion that occurs, are determined by the configuration of the first image element shown in Fig. 40 (a) and the first image element in the first image (1 0 1). It is possible to control by one pitch and the second pitch of the second image element in the second image (1 02).

[0218] The moiré image has a configuration in which the first image elements are gathered at a specific interval and visually recognized as moiré. For example, the moiré image (107-1) in FIG. 45 is the first in FIG. 40 (b). The left half of the image element (1 01-5) as the reference and the right half of the first image element (1 01-6) as the reference Since these parts are gathered and viewed as a moiré image (107-1), distortion that was not found in the original first image elements occurs. For example, a circle with a head is not drawn as a perfect circle but becomes an ellipse, or only the vertical line that is parallel to the slit line of the second image (1 0 2) is viewed thickly. , Limbs move fast, appear to be bent too much, and occur in various parts

[0219] As a method of suppressing the distortion as much as possible, as shown in FIG. 42, there is a method of increasing the line width of the second image (102) and reducing the slit width. Specifically, the line width of the second image (102) for suppressing the distortion needs to exceed one half of the second pitch of the second image element in the second image (102). More preferably, it exceeds 3/4. However, even when the line width of the second image (102) does not exceed one half of the second pitch of the second image element in the second image (102), the moire image according to the embodiment of the present invention. Can be recognized. However, if the line width of the second image (102) does not exceed half the second pitch of the second image element in the second image (102), a clear moire image will not appear, In some cases, it becomes difficult to identify what moire image is. For this reason, the range described above is preferable in order to display a clear moire image.

[0220] As another method for suppressing the distortion as much as possible, the first pitch of the first image element in the first image (1 01) and the second of the second image element in the second image (102). A method of increasing the difference in pitch can be mentioned. Specifically, if the first pitch of the first image element in the first image (101) is equal to the second pitch of the second image element in the second image (102) is defined as 100%, the first If the ratio of the first pitch of the first image element in the image (101) and the second pitch of the second image element in the second image (102) is in the range of 98% to 102%, the distortion Therefore, it is preferable not to use this pitch ratio range. However, the ratio of the first pitch of the first image element in the first image (101) and the second pitch of the second image element in the second image (102) I The rate is other than 100 «, that is, the first pitch of the first image element in the first image (1 01) is not the same as the second pitch of the second image element in the second image (1 02). Then, it is possible to recognize a moire image in an embodiment of the present invention. However, when the ratio of the first pitch of the first image element in the first image (101) and the pitch of the second image element in the second image (102) is in the range of 980/0 to 102 A clear moire image does not appear, and in some cases, it is difficult to identify what the moire image is. For this reason, in order to make a clear moire image appear, it is preferable to keep the range from 80% to 120% excluding 98% to 102%.

[0221] Further, as another method of suppressing the distortion as much as possible, there is a method of reducing the degree of change between the first image elements in the first image (1 01).

[0222] Since the parameters for controlling the moire image are complicated, the number of moire images, the degree of change in the moire image, the fineness of the movement of the moire image, etc. The composition and pitch of the first image element and the second image element are different. Among them, the difference between the first pitch of the first image element in the first image and the second pitch of the second image element in the second image (102) is a parameter that affects every element. The ratio of the first pitch of the first image element in the first image (1 01) to the second pitch of the second image element in the second image (102) is 80% to 120% excluding 98% to 102%. It is a preferable condition that it is possible to control the three-dimensional moire and suppress the occurrence of distortion to be within the range.

[0223] The first image (101) can also be concealed with a third image. The third image is composed of information characters, camouflage patterns, etc. For example, the information characters are placed on the first image (101) or the camouflage pattern is surrounded so as to surround the first image (101). Arrange them in a form that conceals the first image (101). The third image is formed in the non-first image element (non-image portion) of the first image (101). The third image can be formed on the non-first image element in a segmented form. 3rd image component line and The first image elements in one image (1 01) may be overlapped but not overlapped. However, the composition line of the third image and the first image (101)

—Moire images can be clearly seen when the image elements do not overlap.

[0224] The third image in the case of being overlaid with the first image (101) may be formed over the first image (101) or overlaid below. For example, a lenticular lens is used as the second image (102), and the first pitch of the first image element in the first image (1 01) is greater than the second pitch of the second image element in the second image (1 02). The third image is formed on the first image (1 01) so that the moiré image appears before the observer when the image forming body is observed. Conversely, when the moire image is desired to appear on the back side with respect to the observer, the third image is formed so as to overlap the first image (1 01). However, if the second image (10 02) is a transparent substrate with the second component formed, the phenomenon is reversed. That is, the first pitch of the first image element in the first image (101) is designed to be larger than the second pitch of the second image element in the second image (102), and the moiré image is observed when the image forming body is observed. When it is desired to appear in front of the observer, the third image is formed so as to overlap the first image (101).

[0225] The ink constituting the third image may be the same color ink as the first image (1 01) or a different color ink, and is not limited at all. Further, the line width and pitch when the third image is composed of lines, and the pixel width and pitch when composed of pixels are not limited at all.

[0226] In this case, when the first image (101) is visually recognized, only the third image such as the camouflage pattern is visible as the information character, and the first image (101 is superimposed by superimposing the second image. ) Can be visually recognized.

[0227] (Form of image forming body)

As shown in FIG. 43, the form of the image forming body in one embodiment of the present invention can be roughly divided into two types. One is the discriminant type shown in Fig. 43 (a), and the other is the integrated type shown in Fig. 43 (b) and (c). For the integrated type, Furthermore, it is divided into a laminate type shown in Fig. 43 (b) and a front / back composite type shown in Fig. 43 (c). Each form is described next.

[0228] The discrimination type shown in Fig. 43 (a) is the first base material (1 03) on which the first image (1 01) is printed and the second base material on which the second image (1 02) is printed. (1 03 ') is a form in which each exists separately. When observing, first the first image (1 01) and the second image (1 02) so that the direction of the first pitch of the first image and the direction of the second pitch of the second image are the same direction. Overlapping. Next, either the first base material or the second base material is fixed, for example, the first base material is fixed, and the first configuration of the first image formed on the first base material The element is moved parallel to the first pitch direction of the element, and authenticity is determined by whether or not a moire image appears. In this case, the second image (10 2) is used as a true / false discrimination tool.

[0229] The laminated mold shown in Fig. 43 (b) is a second substrate on which the first substrate (1 03) printed with the first image (1 01) and the second image (1 02) printed. (1 03 ') are laminated so that the direction of the first pitch of the first image (1 01) and the direction of the second pitch of the second image (1 02) are the same direction, and bonded to form an image This is the form of the formed body (10 04). When observing the image forming body (1 04), the image forming body (1 04) is tilted under transmitted light or reflected light, and authenticity is determined by whether or not a moire image appears. .

[0230] The front and back composite type shown in Fig. 43 (c) is a case where the first image (1 01) is formed on at least a part of the front or back surface of the first base material (1 03). The second image (102) is applied to at least part of the other surface of the first substrate (103) and the direction of the first pitch of the first image (101). In this embodiment, the second image (1 02) is formed such that the second pitch direction is the same direction to form the image forming body (104). When observing the image forming body (104), the image forming body (104) is tilted in the reflected light, and authenticity determination is performed based on whether or not a moire image appears.

[0231] (Method for producing image forming body)

The first image forming the first image (1 01) for the base material for producing the image forming body The second substrate (103 ′) forming the substrate (103) and the second image (102) is transparent and / or translucent in both the first substrate (1 03) and the second substrate (1 03 ′). Or at least one of the first substrate (103) and the second substrate (103 ′) needs to be a transparent or translucent substrate. When at least one of the first substrate (103) and the second substrate (103 ′) is transparent or translucent, the other substrate may be opaque. However, the combination of base materials is limited depending on whether the image forming body is observed with transmitted light or reflected light.

That is, when the image forming body is observed with transmitted light, the first base material (1 03) for forming the first image (101) and the second base material for forming the second image (10 02) (10 3 ') uses a transparent or translucent substrate. Examples of the transparent substrate include a printing film, a transparent acryl plate, and a vinyl chloride plate.

[0233] When the image forming body is observed with reflected light, the first base material (1 03) for printing the first image (1 01) and the second base material for forming the second image (102) ( At least one of 1 03 ′) needs to use a transparent or translucent substrate, but the other can also use an opaque substrate. Of course, both the first base material (103) and the second base material (1 03 ') may be transparent or translucent base materials. Examples of opaque base materials include coated paper, high-quality paper, and white plastic. As the transparent base material, the printing film is a transparent acrylic plate and the vinyl chloride plate is the same as in the above example. The first image (101) and the second image (102) are overlapped with reflected light. When moiré images are authenticated, remoire images with dark images are difficult to distinguish in most cases, so it is desirable to use a lenticular lens or microlens array.

[0234] According to the types of base materials described above, for example, a first image (101) having an image line structure as shown in FIG. 40 and a second image (with a slit structure as shown in FIG. 42) ( 1 02), when an opaque substrate is used as the first substrate (1 03) for forming the first image (101), the second substrate (10 3 ') must be transparent or translucent. However, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first image (101) appears and disappears from the gap of the overlapped slit structure, and the first image (1 01) and the second image (1 02) interfere with each other. This is the principle that moire images appear, so an opaque base material is used as the second base material (1 0 3 ') and the second image (1 03') is formed on the second base material (1 03 ') The same effect can be obtained by forming a slit structure in which the second base material (1 0 3 ') is removed in the portion excluding the second image element in 102). When the first image (101) has a pixel structure instead of an image line structure, the second image element in the second image (102) formed on the second base material (1 03 ′) is excluded. The same effect can be obtained by using a pixel structure obtained by removing the second base material (103 ′). Here, the removal of the second base material (1 03 ′) means that the opaque second base material (103 ′) is opened by laser irradiation or the like.

[0235] The ink for printing is not particularly limited, but the ink used for forming the second image (1 0 2) is a dark ink such as black or purple. At least, when printed on a transparent second substrate (103 '), the ability to completely hide the first image (101) is required, so the image forming the first image (101) It must be the same color or darker than the color, and it must be formed with the color.

[0236] In addition, the second base material (1 03 ') may be formed as a transparent layer using transparent ink. That is, the first image (101) is formed on at least a part of one of the front and back surfaces of the first base material (103), and is transparent so as to cover the first image (1 01). A transparent layer printed with ink is formed, on which the second image (102) has the same direction of the first pitch of the first image (101) as the second pitch of the second image (102). It may be formed in the direction. Furthermore, when the second image (102) is a printing method capable of forming a bulge, such as screen printing or intaglio printing, and having a raised convex shape using transparent ink, the above-described transparent layer is not necessary. Good.

[0237] The printing method does not limit the method. Offset printing method, gravure It can be formed by any method such as printing method, flexographic printing method, relief printing method, intaglio printing method, screen printing method.

[0238] (Visibility and its effects)

There are roughly two methods for using the image forming body for authenticity determination. One is the case where the first image (1 0 1) and the second image (1 02) are printed on different substrates and used separately. As shown in Fig. 44 (a), when the image forming body (10 04) is a discriminating type, as shown in Fig. 44 (b), the observer (1 05) was printed on different substrates. The first image (1 0 1) and the second image (1 02) are overlapped, and the image forming body (1 04) is held over the light source (1 06) and observed with transmitted light. Also, it is possible to confirm that the moire image moves by moving either the first image (1 01) or the second image (1 0 2) in the direction of the left and right arrows shown in FIG. 44 (b). Examples of the light source include a light table, a ceiling fluorescent lamp, and sunlight.

[0239] For example, only the first image (1 01) is printed on the printed material and distributed to the market, and the second image (1 02) is distributed only to the store cash register or ticket exchange. This is a form in which authenticity determination is performed by superimposing the base material on which the second image (1 02) is printed on the first image (1 0 1) at the cash register or ticket exchange in the store. The substrate (1 03) on which the first image (1 0 1) is printed and the substrate (1 03 ′) on which the second image (1 02) is printed are overlapped to form the moiré of the image forming body (1 04). Whether the image is visible or not is determined by authenticity, and authenticity determination can be performed only by a determiner who owns the base material on which the second image (102) is printed.

[0240] Another form of authenticity discrimination is the first image (1 01) and the second image (

1 02) on different surfaces of the same substrate, or the substrate (1 03) printed with the first image (1 01) and the substrate (1 03 ′) printed with the second image (1 02) ), Etc., the first image (1 0 1) and the second image (1 02) are integrated into the market and distributed to the market. As shown in Fig. 44 (c), when the base material on which the first image (1 01) and the second image (1 02) are bonded together, the image forming body (1 04) is integrated. 44 As shown in (d), The observer (105) observes the image forming body (104) with reflected light. In this case, the animation of the moire image can be observed by tilting the image forming body itself as shown by the arrow in FIG.

[0241] This is a form in which the image forming body (10 04) is observed by holding it over light, or moved up and down, left and right to visually recognize the moire image and determine the authenticity. It is a form that can be carried out by everyone who possesses the body (104).

[0242] Further, the overlapping angle of the first image (101) and the second image (102) needs to be overlapped in parallel. If the first image (101) and the second image (10 02) are misaligned, the moire will be distorted diagonally, so it is necessary to superimpose them in parallel as much as possible.

[0243] As a result of observing the image forming body (10 04), as shown in Fig. 45, a moire image (107-107, 107-2) of the human body appears in both the discriminating type and the integrated type. The pitch of the moiré image that appears is determined by the first pitch of the first image element in the first image (1 01) and the second pitch of the second image element in the second image (1 02). If the first pitch of the first image element in the first image is A, the second pitch of the second image element in the second image is B, and the pitch of the appearing moire image is C, then C = AX BZ | A — B | In other words, the pitch of the appearing moire image is the product of the first pitch of the first image element in the first image (101) and the second pitch of the second image element in the second image (102). It can be calculated by dividing by the absolute value of the difference between the first pitch of the first image element in 1) and the second pitch of the second image element in the second image (102). When the pitch C of the appearing moire image is reduced, the number of moire images that appear in the predetermined area increases. Conversely, when the pitch C of the appearing moire image is increased, the moire image that appears in the predetermined area is increased. Will be less. Note that a moiré image that changes little by little can be confirmed when n is a natural number of 2 or more, and preferably n is a natural number of 3 or more.

Hereinafter, according to the best mode for carrying out the invention described above, specific examples of the image forming body produced will be described in detail. It is not limited to examples.

(Example 9)

[0245] This example relates to an image forming body manufactured under the condition that the first image is compressed in a constant direction at a constant pitch, the second image is a constant pitch, and the first image and the second image are discriminated. This will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0246] Fig. 46 (a) shows the image line composition of the first image of the image forming body in Example 9, and Fig. 46 (b) shows an image group composed of the first image elements constituting the first image. The first image (1 0 1 a) is composed of 8.6 mm X 1 2 mm, and each image element (1 0 1 a—1, 1 0 1 a— 2, · 1 01 a—23) compresses all the first image elements in the horizontal direction at the same reduction ratio to approximately 2 Q / o at the first pitch of 0.376 mm and 1 0 1 a — 1, 1 0 1 a— 2, ■ ■ ■, 1 0 1 a 1 23 This is an image line structure that is evenly arranged in this order. Regarding the reduction ratio of the first image elements, each first image element is a value that fits within the arrangement pitch of the first image, and the first image element is limited to a range in which the first image elements do not overlap each other. It can be set to any value. The width of each first image element was 0.200 mm, which is about half the arrangement pitch of 0.376 mm, and the line width was 0.02 mm.

[0247] In the embodiment of the present invention, the first image element (1 01a) for causing moiré to appear is arranged with the first image elements for one period. However, the first image element (1 01 a— 1, 1 01 a— 2, ■ ■ ·, 1 0 1 a— 23) next to the first image element of 1 01 a— 23 at the end of one cycle, Similarly, the first image element of 1 0 1 a— 1 is similarly arranged at the first pitch of 0.376 mm, and similarly, 1 01 a— 2 and 1 01 a— 3 are arranged and repeated for several cycles. The first image may be formed.

[0248] The first image elements (1 0 1 a— 1, 1 01 a— 2, ■ ■ ■, 1 0 1 a -23) shown in Fig. 46 (b) are simplified diagrams of a total of 23 human bodies. It is an image that is represented. Adjacent images are slightly different from each other, but there is a continuous flow in the change, that is, 1 0 1 a— 1, 1 01 a— 2, 1 01 a— As you go through the 3 steps, a simplified diagram of the human body is walking to the right. It is gradually changed so that it looks like.

FIG. 47 shows a second image (1 02 a) for interference with the first image (1 01 a). The second image element in the second image (1 02 a) is composed of 14 mm x 9 mm, and an image line structure (slit structure) in which lines with a line width of 0.35 mm are continuously arranged at a pitch of 0.40 mm. It was.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 48 (a), in order to change the authentication form of the printed matter to the form for authenticating with transmitted light, the base material (1 03 a) for printing the first image (1 01 a) is used. The substrate (1 03 a ') for printing a) and the second image (1 02 a) was a transparent printing film (contact 2000 made by kodak).

[0251] The base image (1 03 a) on which the first image (1 01 a) is printed and the second image (

The substrate (1 03 a ′) printed with 1 02 a) was superposed to form an image forming body (1 0 4 a). As shown in Fig. 48 (b), the observer (1 05 a) held the superimposed image forming body (1 04 a) over the light source (1 06 a) and observed it with transmitted light. A ceiling fluorescent lamp was used as the light source.

[0252] As a result of observing the image forming body (1 04 a), as shown in Fig. 49, the human body's mole images (1 07 a-1, 1 07 a-2) appear about one and a half. It was.

[0253] The width of the moire image is determined by the ratio of the first image element in Fig. 46 (a) to the first pitch (0. 376mm) in the first image (1 01 a) and the first image (1 01 It is determined by the difference between the first pitch of the first image element in a) and the second pitch of the second image element in the second image (1 02 a). In this example, the difference between the first pitch of the first image element in the first image (1 01 a) and the second pitch of the second image element in the second image (1 02 a) is about 0.024 mm. For this reason, the period of each interference fringe in this case is 0.4 ÷ 0.024 X 0.4 mm, which is about 7 mm, and the first image (1 01 a) constituting the first image (1 01 a) Since the width of the image element is about half of the arrangement pitch, the resulting human moiré width is about 3 to 4 mm.

[0254] In addition, the substrate (1 03 a) on which the first image (1 01 a) is printed, and the second image When the substrate (1 03 a ') printed with (1 02 a) is overlaid, as shown by the arrow in Fig. 48 (b), the moiré of the human body starts to take a step. You can observe an animation that starts moving while waving your hand. Specifically, the base material (1 03 a) on which the first image (1 01 a) is printed is fixed, and the base material (1 03 a ') on which the second image (1 02 a) is printed When observing while moving to the left, the moiré of the human body walks to the right as shown by the arrow in Fig. 49, and when moved in the opposite direction, the moiré of the human body becomes an animation that walks to the left.

[0255] For example, in the case of the human body shown in Fig. 46 (b), the range of motion of the moiré image to be generated is as follows. The range is whether the first image group contains the first image elements that represent the maximum hand and foot swing and the minimum hand and foot swing in the first image group. Determined by. In other words, if you want to make a motion that shakes out the hands and feet of the moire image, the first image group includes the first image element that has shaken out the hands and feet.

(Example 10)

[0256] The present Example 10 is an image forming body manufactured under the condition that the first image is compressed in a certain direction at a constant pitch, the second image is a constant pitch, and the first image and the second image are integrated. This will be described with reference to FIGS. 50 to 53. FIG.

FIG. 50 (a) shows the image line configuration of the first image of the image forming body in Example 10.

(b) is an image group composed of first image elements constituting the first image. The first image (1 01 b) consists of 19.5 mm x 5 mm, and each first image element (1 01 b— 1, 1 01 b— 2, ■ ■ ■, shown in Fig. 50 (b) 1 01 b— 32), with a first pitch of 0.3 1 5 mm and all the first image elements in the horizontal direction with the same reduction ratio of about 2% so that the first image elements do not overlap each other. 1 01 b— 1, 1 01 b— 2, ■ ■ ■, 1 01 b-32 are arranged evenly in this order, then 1 01 b— 1, 1 01 b—2, ■ ■ ■, 1 01 b—32 mirrored image is copied to the opposite side This is the image line structure.

[0258] The first image elements (1 01 b— 1, 1 01 b— 2, ■ ■-, 1 01 b— 32) shown in Figure 50 (b) are images representing a total of 32 cubes. . This is because the adjacent images are slightly different from each other, but the change has a continuous flow, that is, 1 01 b— 1, 1 01 b— 2, 1 01 b -3. As the order progresses, the cube gradually changes so that it appears to rotate clockwise.

In this embodiment, the width of each first image element when the first image (1 01 b) in FIG. 50 (b) is formed is about 3 minutes with an arrangement pitch of 0.3 1 5 mm. The width corresponding to 2 is 0.20 Omm. The line width is 0.01 mm, the height of the first image (1 01 b) is 5 mm, the width is 19.5 mm, black ink on coated paper using the wet offset printing method (Best Cure from T & K TOKA) Ikki) was used for printing.

[0260] The second image element in the second image (1 02 b) to interfere with the first image (1 01 b) is 75 lines (75 Line / in Gh = A lenticular lens having a second pitch of 0.339 mm) was used. The lenticular lens uses the refraction of the saddle lens, so that the moiré image that appears compared to the parallax barrier method does not become dark, and it is possible to visually recognize a high-resolution image. It is suitable for a form in which the mole image is viewed through reflection instead of transmission.

[0261] In Example 10, general white coated paper was used for the base material (1 03 b) on which the first image (1 01 b) was printed.

[0262] As shown in Fig. 52 (a), the first image (1 01 b) and the second image (102 b) were bonded to the 75-line lenticular lens to produce the image forming body (1 04 b). As shown in FIG. 52 (b), the observer (105b) observed the adhered image forming body (104b) with reflected light.

[0263] As a result of observing the image forming body (1 04 b), as shown in Fig. 53, the cube (

1 07 b— 1, 1 07 b— 2, 1 07 b— 3), but 3 mowers with a width of about 4 mm Each image appeared with a three-dimensional effect.

[0264] In addition, when the fabricated image forming body (104b) is tilted and observed as shown by the arrow in Fig. 52 (b), a cubic moire image (107b-1, 107b-2, 1 07 b-3) moves left and right while rotating around the center of the cube. Specifically, when the left side of the image forming body (104b) is brought closer to the viewer (105b) side, the cubic moire image (1 07 b-1, 1 07 b— 2, 107 b-3) moves counterclockwise around the center and moves to the left, and conversely, from the opposite position, the other right side of the image forming body (104b) is placed on the viewer (105 b) When moving closer to the side, the cubic moire image (1 07 b-1, 1, 07 b-2, 1 07 b-3) moves clockwise while rotating clockwise around the center. All of them were accompanied by a three-dimensional effect, and it was confirmed that the intended effect was exhibited.

[0265] The reason for the three-dimensional effect is that the cubes of the moire image (107 b-1, 1, 07 b-2, 107 b-3) that can be seen through the lenticular lens are viewed from the right eye and from the left. This is due to the slightly different shapes.

[0266] Specifically, when the moire image that is visible to the left eye is considered as a reference, the image that is visible to the right eye is an image rotated slightly clockwise due to the difference in observation angle. The difference between the right-eye image and the left-eye image is the same as that when an actual three-dimensional object is observed in a three-dimensional space. Therefore, binocular parallax functions effectively, and the brain of the observer (105 b) Even though the image is formed on a plane, the moiré image itself has a three-dimensional effect due to the illusion that it is a three-dimensional object that exists in a three-dimensional space.

[0267] This three-dimensional effect is an effect capable of forming a part that feels far and a part that feels close in one moire image, unlike simple perspective. For example, if one cube (101 b-1) of the first image element in Fig. 50 (a) is simply drawn on paper, one of the two faces forming the diamond will be in front. I can't judge whether it is on the back side or not. The same applies to the moire image formed by the conventional technology, and the entire moire image is on the near side. Although it is possible to give a sense of perspective that it is on the back side (granting layer depth), it is possible to give a three-dimensional feeling that it is the front side and the back side in the cube (granting full depth) Was impossible.

However, when a moiré image of a legislative body is formed with a configuration in which each picture of the legislative body is slightly changed as in the embodiment of the present invention, each image is displayed. Since a complex three-dimensional effect such as the front surface and the back surface is given inside, it is obvious which of the two surfaces forming the rhombus is in front. In this example, it is observed that the cube is viewed from the top, so it is recognized that the lower side of the two diamonds is on the front side.

[0269] In order for binocular parallax to function effectively, the difference between the angle seen by the right eye and the angle of the moire image seen by the left eye is limited to about 1 to 4 degrees. In order to satisfy this condition, it is necessary to provide only a difference that hardly changes between adjacent image elements, as in the first image element in Fig. 50 (a). Don't be. If this difference is too large, the resulting moire image will be distorted. This “difference that can be provided” varies greatly depending on the shape and accuracy of the moiré image that the designer intends to finally appear, and the first pitch and the first pitch of the first image element in the first image. Since it is also greatly affected by the difference in the second pitch of the second image elements in the two images, the conditions suitable for each time are different and cannot be determined in general. For example, as in Example 10 In the case of an image such as a solid that needs to accurately represent the structure, it is easy to notice when the distortion is large. Therefore, each first image element has an angle changed by 0.5 degrees. The image changes.

[0270] In Example 10, the second image (1 0 2 b) was replaced with a lenticular lens, but there is no problem even with the transmission-type parallax barrier method described in the embodiment. Needless to say, a three-dimensional moire image can be formed. (Example 1 1)

[0271] This Example 11 relates to an image forming body produced by compressing a first image in a certain direction at a constant pitch, different pitches in the second image, and discriminating conditions between the first image and the second image. The description will be made with reference to FIGS. 54 to 57.

[0272] Fig. 54 (a) is a drawing line configuration of the first image of the image forming body in Example 11 1.

(b) is an image group composed of first image elements constituting the first image. The first image (1 01 c) is an image that is repeated three cycles, assuming the image group shown in Fig. 54 (b) as one cycle, and is composed of 10.0 mm x 25. Omm. Each first image element in the first period is the first image element (1 01 c-1, 1 01 c-2,. ■ ■, 1 01 c-23) shown in Fig. 54 (b). All the first image elements are compressed to about 2% at the same reduction ratio in the horizontal direction so that the first image elements do not overlap each other at a pitch of 0.376 mm. 1 01 c— 1, 1 01 c — 2, ■ ■ ■ ■, 1 01 c— A drawing structure that is evenly arranged in this order. In addition, each first image element in the second period is 1 01 c— which is the last of the first image elements in one period (1 01 c— 1, 1 01 c, 1, ■ ■ ■, 1 01 c— 23). Next to the first image element of 23, the first image element of 1 01 c-1 is similarly arranged at a first pitch of 0.376 mm, and similarly, 1 01 c-2, 1 01 c- Arranged with three. Similarly, each first image element in the third period is the end of the first image element in two periods (1 01 c — 1, 1 01 c— 2, ■ ■ ■, 1 01 c— 23) 1 01 c — Next to the first image element of 23, the first image element of 1 01 c— 1 is similarly arranged at the first pitch of 0.376 mm, and also 1 01 c— 2, 1 01 c — Arranged as 3. The width of each first image element was about half of the arrangement pitch of 0.376 mm. I) “畐” of 0.20 Omm, and the image line was 0.02 mm.

[0273] The first image elements shown in Fig. 54 (b) (1 01 c-1, 1 01 c-2, · ■, 1 01 c-23) represent a simplified diagram of a total of 23 human bodies. It is an image. Adjacent images are slightly different from each other, but there is a continuous flow in the change, that is, 1 01 c-1, 1 01 c-2, 1 01 c- As you follow the order of 3, the simplified figure of the human body is walking toward the right. It is gradually changed so that it looks like.

FIG. 55 shows a second image (1 02 c) for interference with the first image (1 01 c). The second image element in the second image (1 02 c) is composed of 14 mm x 26 mm, and the second pitch is gradually changed between 0.3 mm and 0.43 3 mm. Arranged while. In the second image (1 02 c), the second pitch on one side starts at 0.43 3 mm, the pitch is gradually narrowed, and the second pitch on the other side finally becomes 0.378 mm. The streak structure (Suritsu 卜 structure) was adopted.

[0275] In Example 1 1, in order to change the authentication form of the printed matter to the form of authenticating with transmitted light, the base material (1 03 c) and the second image on which the first image (1 01 c) is printed The substrate (1 03 c ') for printing (1 02 c) was a transparent printing J-Rem (contact 2000 made by kodak).

[0276] As shown in Fig. 56 (a), the substrate (1 03 c) printed with the first image (1 01 c) and the substrate (1 03 c) printed with the second image (1 02 c) c '), and as shown in Fig. 56 (b), the observer (1 05 c) holds the superimposed image forming body (1 04 c) over the light source (1 06 c) and transmits it. Observed with light. A ceiling fluorescent lamp was used as the light source (1 06 c).

[0277] As a result of observing the image forming body (1 04 c), as shown in Fig. 57, a human body image (1 07 c-1, 1, 07 c-2, 1 07 c-3, 1 07 c— 4) appeared from 4 to 5. However, Fig. 57 shows an example in which four human bodies appear.

[0278] In Example 1 1, since the second pitch of the second image element in the second image (1 02 c) has changed, the moiré image that appears on the left side of the image appears to be slightly younger. The moiré image that appears on the right side of the image appears to be in the back. The walking speed of the moiré image increases as it goes to the right, so the moiré image is observed as if moving away from the observer (1 05 c) as it goes from left to right. .

(Example 1 2) [0279] Example 1 2 shows an image forming body manufactured under the condition that the first image is compressed in both directions at a constant pitch, the second image is fixed at a constant pitch, and the first image and the second image are integrated. From Fig. 61, the explanation is given.

FIG. 58 (a) shows the image configuration of the first image of the image forming body in Example 12;

(b) is one of the first image elements constituting the first image. The first image (1 0 1 d) is composed of 2 Omm x 2 Omm, and each first image element shown in Fig. 58 (b) is arranged with the first pitch at an interval of 0.636 mm. A pixel structure consisting of 31 x 31 total 961 cubes, with all the first image elements compressed in the vertical and horizontal directions to approximately 2% so that the elements do not overlap. It is. The line width of each first image element was 0.02 mm, and the length of one side was 0.43 mm.

[0281] The solid located on the right, centering on one of the first image elements in the center (1 01 d— 1), gradually changes clockwise by about 0.5 degrees toward the end. The cube located on the left side is an image that is gradually rotated counterclockwise about 0.5 degrees as it goes to the edge, and the image located on the upper side is nearer as it goes to the edge. The image is rotated about 0.5 degrees at a time so that it falls down, and the image located at the bottom is an image rotated about 0.5 degrees so that it falls down toward the end.

FIG. 59 shows a second image (1 02 d) for interference with the first image (1 01 d). The second image element in the second image (1 02 d) has a pixel structure that is a black-painted image having a non-image area with a diameter of 0.05 mm, which is evenly arranged vertically and horizontally at a second pitch of 0.6 Omm. It was.

[0283] In the present Example 1 2, a transparent printing film was used as the substrate (1 03 d) for printing the first image (1 01 d), and the first image (1 01 d) printed. In addition, a transparent acrylic plate with a thickness of 0.3 mm was used as the substrate (1 03 d ') for printing the second image (1 02 d), and the second image (1 02 d) was placed on this acrylic plate. The printed film was pasted.

[0284] As shown in Fig. 60 (a), the transparent film printed with the first image (1 01 d) A transparent parallax barrier type image forming body (1 04 d) was prepared by pasting the acrylic plate printed with the second image (1 02 d). As shown in Fig. 60 (b), the observer (1 05 d) held the produced image forming body (1 04 d) over the light source (1 06 d) and observed it with transmitted light. A ceiling fluorescent lamp was used as the light source (1 06 d).

As a result of observing the image forming body (1 04 d), as shown in Fig. 61, a moire image (1 07 d-1, 1 with a three-dimensional effect in which the cube image rotates in conjunction with the tilted direction). 07 d-2, 1 07 d-3, 1 07 d-4, and 1 07 d-5) were visible. In this form, the moiré image is a very unique image that gradually rotates in the direction corresponding to any change in angle. However, the moire image formed with the dot structure as in Example 12 is more likely to be relatively dark compared to the moire image formed with the slit wrinkle structure as in Example 9. Therefore, strong light such as sunlight is suitable for observation. In addition, when a printed matter is formed for the purpose of showing reflection rather than transmission, it is necessary to attach a lens array with a microphone opening with microlenses arranged at a second pitch of 0.6 mm instead of a slit-type lenticular lens. .

[0286] In the present Example 1 2, since a regular cube having a side length of 0.43 mm on one side of the first image element was used, an appearing moire image (1 07 d-1, 1 07 d-2, 1 07 d-3, 1 07 d-4, 1 07 d- 5) are also regular cubes. For example, when a vertically long cube with one side length of 0.63 mm x 0.43 is used The appearing moire image is also a vertically long cube.

(Example 1 3)

[0287] This Example 13 relates to an image forming body in which the first image is compressed in different directions at different pitches, the second image is fixed at a constant pitch, and the first image and the second image are discriminated. This will be described with reference to FIGS. 62 to 65.

FIG. 62 (a) shows the image line configuration of the first image of the image forming body in Example 13;

(b) is an image group composed of first image elements constituting the first image. First picture The image (1 01 e) is an image that is repeated three periods, assuming the image group shown in Fig. 62 (b) as one period, and is composed of 1 0. Ommx 25.0 mm. Each first image element in the first period (1 01 e-1, 1 01 e-2, ■ ■ ■, 1 01 e-2 3) increases the first pitch in the order from 0.363 to 0.37 Omm. Then, all the first image elements are compressed in the horizontal direction at the same reduction ratio to about 2% so that the first image elements do not overlap each other. 1 01 e_1, 1 01 e-2, It is a line structure that is arranged evenly in the order of 01 e-23. In addition, each first image element in the second period (1 01 e-1, 1 01 e-2, ■ ■ ■, 1 01 e-23) increases the first pitch in the order from 0.370 to 0.378 mm. Then, in order to prevent the first image elements from overlapping each other, all the first image elements are compressed to about 2% at the same reduction ratio in the horizontal direction. 1 01 e— 1, 1 01 e— 2, ■ ■ ■ ■ , 1 01 e-23 are arranged evenly. In addition, each first image element in the third period (1 01 e-1, 1 01 e_2, ■ ■ ■, 1 01 e-23) increases the first pitch in the order of 0.378 to 0.389 mm. In order to prevent the first image elements from overlapping each other, all the first image elements are compressed to about 2% at the same reduction ratio in the horizontal direction, and 1 01 e 1 1, 1 01 e— 2, ■ ■ ■, 1 01 e-23 are arranged evenly in this order. In other words, after arranging the first pitch of 1 01 e-1 and 1 01 e-2 in the first period at 0.3 63, the pitch is set to 0.001 mm in order of 1 01 e-3 and 1 01 6-4. The first pitch in the third period 1 01 e-22 and 1 01 e-2 3 is 0.389 mm. The width of each first image element was 0.20 Omm, and the line width was 0.01 mm.

FIG. 62 (a) shows the first image elements (Ι Ο Ι β-1, 1, 01 e-2, ■ ■ ·, which form the first image (1 e) of the moire image of the embodiment of the present invention. 1 01 e -23) is a diagram showing a group of images, representing a simplified diagram of a total of 23 human bodies. In these images, adjacent images differ slightly from each other, but there is a continuous flow in the change, that is, 1 01 e-1, 1 01 e-2, 1 01 e-3. The simple figure of the human body is gradually changed so that it looks as if walking toward the right. FIG. 63 shows a second image (1 02 e) for interference with the first image (1 01 e). The second image element in the second image (10 02 e) consists of 26 mm x 14 mm, and an image line structure (slit structure) in which lines with a line width of 0.35 mm are continuously arranged at a pitch of 0.40 mm. )

[0291] Fig. 64 (a) shows a state in which the first image (1 01 e) and the second image (1 02 e) are superimposed. In this example, the authentication form of the printed matter is transparent. Both the base material (1 03 β) that prints the first image (1 01 e) and the base material (1 03 e ') that prints the second image (1 02 e) A transparent printing film (kodak contact 2000) was used.

[0292] As shown in Fig. 64 (a), the base material (1 03 e) on which the first image (1 01 e) was printed and the base material (1 03 e) on which the second image (1 02 e) was printed. e '), and as shown in Fig. 64 (b), the observer (1 05 e) holds the superimposed image forming body (1 04 e) over the light source (1 06 e) and transmits it. Observed with light. A ceiling fluorescent lamp was used as the light source (1 06 e).

[0293] As a result of observing the image forming body (1 04 e), as shown in Fig. 65, a human body image (1 07 e-1, 1 07 e-2, 1 07 e-3, 1 07 e— 4) appeared from 4 to 5. However, Fig. 65 shows an example where four human bodies appear.

[0294] Further, the base material (1 03 e) on which the first image (1 01 e) is printed, and the second image

When the substrate (1 03 e ') printed with (1 02 Θ) is superposed, as shown by the arrow in Fig. 64 (b), the moiré of the human body starts to step out. You can observe an animation that starts moving while waving your hand. Specifically, the substrate (1 03 e) printed with the first image (1 01 e) is fixed, and the substrate (1 03 β ′) printed with the second image (1 02 e) is fixed. When observing while moving to the right, the moiré of the human body walks to the left as shown by the arrow in Fig. 65, and when it is shifted in the opposite direction, the moiré of the human body becomes an animation that walks to the right. However, while the first pitch between the first image elements of the first image (1 01 a) in the form of Example 9 is uniform, the first image (1 01 in this Example 13) Since the first pitch between the first image elements in e) is changed by 0.004 mm, the moiré image looks closer to the near side as it goes to the right of the image, and conversely in the left direction of the image. The moiré image appears to be slightly behind. In addition, the size of the moire image increases as it goes to the right, and the walking speed increases as it goes to the right, so the perspective of the moire image is emphasized and the moire image moves from the left to the right. As you go, you will be observed as if you are getting closer to the observer (1 05 e).

[0296] As described above, a more unique moire image can be visually recognized by intentionally changing the first pitch of the first image element in the first image (101e).

[0297] Thus, in controlling perspective, the important points are the first pitch of the first image element in the first image (1 01 e) and the second image element in the second image (1 02 e). Since the difference in the second pitch is controlled, the second pitch of the second image element in the second image (1 02 e) is not the first pitch of the first image element in the first image (1 01 e). It goes without saying that the same effect can be obtained by changing the pitch, and further, the first pitch of the first image element in the first image (1 01 e) and the second pitch in the second image (1 02 e). It goes without saying that the same effect can be obtained by changing both the pitches of the image elements.

(Example 1 4)

[0298] In this example 14, the first image is compressed in a certain direction at a constant pitch, and the first image is concealed with information characters or camouflage patterns, the second image is at a constant pitch, the first image and the second image An image forming body produced by using a discriminating mold on different substrates will be described with reference to FIGS. 66 to 69. FIG.

[0299] Fig. 66 (a) shows the image line configuration of the first image of the image forming body in Example 14;

(b) is an image group composed of first image elements constituting the first image. The first image (1 01 f) consists of 45. Ommx 5. Omm and is shown in Fig. 66 (b). The first image elements (1 01 f — 1, 1 01 f — 2, ■ ■ ', 1 01 f — 30), 1 01 f -2, 1 01 f —3 , ■ ■ ■, 1 01 f _30 in the order of the first pitch on the left side at intervals of O. 354 mm, all the first image elements in the horizontal direction with the same reduction ratio so that the first image elements do not overlap each other Compressed to about 2%, and then the image of 1 01 f — 1, 1 01 f — 2, ■ ■ ■, 1 01 f — 30 mirrored around the center of 1 01 f — 1 This is a line structure that is copied to the opposite side.

[0300] The first image elements (1 01 f _ 1, 1 01 f — 2, ·--, 1 01 f — 30) shown in Fig. 66 (b) are images representing a total of 30 bells. . This is because the adjacent images are slightly different, but there is a continuous flow in the change, that is, 1 01 fb— 1, 1 01 f — 2, 1 01 f — 3 As the order goes on, the bell gradually changes to swing to the right.

[0301] In Example 14 of FIG. 66, when the first image (1 01 f) in FIG. 66 (b) is formed, the width of each first image element is about 3 minutes with an arrangement pitch of 0.354 mm. The width corresponding to 1 is 0.1 20 mm. The stroke width was set to 0.01 mm, and the height of the first image element in the first image (1 01 f) was 5 mm and the width was 45 mm.

[0302] This first image (1 01 f) is regarded as the background pattern image that forms the background of the printed image.

As shown in 67, the information characters (1 09) composing the words of “Merry Christ ma stoyou” placed under the first image (1 01 f) and the camouflage pattern (ribbon and grass surrounding it) ( 1 1 0) was combined to form a moiré concealed image (1 1 1), and was printed using a black ink (best cure ink from T & K TOKA) on a coated paper using the wet offset printing method.

[0303] The second image element in the second image (1 02 f) to interfere with the first image (1 01 f) is 75 lines (75 Line / inch = second pitch 0.3 39 mm ) Lenticular lens.

[0304] As shown in Figure 68 (a), the first image (1 01 f) and the second image (1 02 f ) And the 75-line lenticular lens are overlaid to produce an image forming body (1 04 f). As shown in Fig. 68 (b), the observer (1 05 f) (104f) was observed with reflected light.

[0305] As a result of observing the image forming body (1 04 f), as shown in Fig. 69, the bell-shaped images (1 07 f — 1, 1 07 f — 2, 1 07 f — 3, 1 07 f — 4, 1 07 f — 5) appeared on the information characters (1 09) as 5 to 6 moire images with a width of around 4 mm. The bell image that appears as a moiré image (1 07 f — 1, 1 07 f one 2, 1 07 f — 3, 1 07 f -5) is in the opposite direction to the inclination of the original first image element. This is a tilted image because the first pitch of the first image element in the first image (1 01 f) is larger than the first pitch of the second image element in the second image (1 02 f). This is because the sampling period is reversed.

[0306] When the lenticular lens (1 02 f) is overlaid, the first image (1 01 f) disappears completely and changes to a bell moire image, so that the moiré concealment image (1 1 1 ), The information character (1 09), which was not highly visible because it overlapped with the first image (1 01 f), disappeared and the background of the first image (1 01 f) was white. By changing to, it has the effect of increasing visibility at once

[0307] In addition, the moire image is formed with a wider pitch than the pitch of the lenticular lens, so it feels more prominent than the information characters (109). Therefore, when the lenticular lens is observed with overlapping, the information character (1 09) and the moire image (1 07 f — 1, 1 07 f — 2, 1 07 f-3, 1 07 f -5) overlap. Although it appears, the observer (1 05 f) has the effect that it can be recognized as separate information without confusing the two images.

Explanation of symbols

[0308] 1, 1 a, 1 b, 1 c, 1 d, 1 β, 1 f, 1 g, 1 h First image

2, 2 a, 2 b, 2 c, 2 e, 2 f, 2 g, 2 h, 2 h 'convex first shape Streak

2d convex first pixel

3, 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d 3e, 3f, 3g, 3h second image

4, 4 a, 4 b, 4 c, 4 c, 4 e, 4, 4 e ', 4 f, 4 g, 4 g', 4 h

4d second pixel

5, 5 a, 5 b, 5 c 5 d 5 g, 5 h

6, 6 a 6 b, 6 c, 6 d 6 g, 6 h Image forming body

Light source

8 Viewpoint

9, 9 a, 9 b, 9 c, 9 9 d, 9 e, 9 e ', 9 e 9 f' 9

'

9 g ', 9 h, 9 h

1 0, 1 0 a. 1 0 b, 1 1 0 e, 1 0 f, 1 0 g, 1 0 h

1 1 Silver ink L *

1 2 a * of silver ink

1 3 Ginki b *

1 1 'L * of colorless pearl ink in Table 2

1 2 'a * of colorless pearl ink in Table 2

1 3 'b * of colorless pearl ink in Table 2

1 1 '' L * of colored pearl inks in Table 1

1 2 '' a * of colored pearl inks in Table 1

1 3 '' b * of colored pearl inks in Table 1

1 1 '' 'L * of colored pearl inks in Table 2

1 2 '' 'a * of colored pearl inks in Table 2

1 3 '' 'b * of colored pearl inks in Table 2

1 4 Solid image

1 5, 1 6, 1 7, 1 8 1st area 1 5 ', 1 6', 1 7, 1 8 'second region

1 5 '' 3rd area

1 01, 1 01 a, 1 0 1 b, 1 01 c, 1 01 d, 1 01 e, 1 01 f First image

1 01—1, ■ ■ ·, 1 0 1 ― n 1st ― image element

1 01 a— 1, ■ ■ ■, 1 0 1 a-2 3 First image element

1 01 b— 1, ■ ■ ·, 1 0 1 b -3 2 First image element

1 01 c— 1, ■ ■ ■, 1 0 1 c 1 2 3 First image element

1 01 d— 1, ■ · ■, 1 0 1 d 1 9 6 1 First image element

1 01 e— 1, ■ ■ ■, 1 0 1 e 1 2 3 First image element

1 01 卜 1, · ■ ■, 1 0 1 f 1 3 0 First image element

1 02, 1 02 a, 1 0 2 b, 1 02 c, 1 02 d, 1 02 e, 1 02 f Second image

1 03, 1 03 a, 1 0 3 a, 1 03 b, 1 03 c

', 1 03 e, 1 03 e, 1 03 f

1 04, 1 04 a, 1 0 4 b, 1 04 c, 1 04 d, 1 04 e, 1 04 f Image forming body

1 05, 1 05 a, 1 0 5 b, 1 05 c, 1 05 d, 1 05 e, 1 05 f Observer

1 06, 1 06 a, 1 0 6 c, 1 06 d, 1 06 e

1 07― 1, · ■ ■, 1 0 7 ― n Moire image

1 07 a— 1, ■ ■ ■, 1 0 7 a— 2 Moire image

1 07 b— 1, ■ ■ ■ 1 0 7 b— 3 Moire images

1 07 c— 1, · ■ ■ 1 0 7 c 1 4 Moire image

1 07 d— 1, ■ ■ ■, 1 0 7 d— 5 Moire image

1 07 e— 1, · ■ ■, 1 0 7 e -4 Moire image

1 07 f — 1, ■ ■ ■ 1 0 7 f 1 5 Moire image

1 09 Information characters Camouflage pattern Moire concealment image

Claims

The scope of the claims

In an image forming body having a first image and a second image on a substrate, a plurality of the first images are arranged with regular pitches by a material having a color flip-flop property. A first element having a convex shape, and the second image is transparent or made of a material having a color different from the color when the first image is regularly reflected, and the first element having the convex shape A plurality of second elements arranged in different regular pitches,

The image forming body, wherein the second element is formed on at least the first element.

The image forming body according to claim 1, wherein the first element is a convex first image line, and the second element is a second image line. The first element is a convex first pixel, and the second element is

The image forming body according to claim 1, wherein the image forming body is a second pixel. The first image or the second image further includes a third image, and when the first image includes the third image, the pitch of the third element in the third image Is different from the pitch of the first element in the first image,

When the second image includes the third image, the pitch of the third element in the third image is different from the pitch of the second element in the second image. The image forming body according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein:

The first image or the second image is divided into a plurality of regions, and each of the first elements or the second elements in the divided regions has the same or different pitch. The image forming body according to claim 1, wherein the image forming body is an image forming body.

Whether the regular pitch in the first element or the regular pitch in the second element is a pitch formed by arranging a plurality of the first elements or the second elements at a predetermined pitch. , Or continuously different 6. The image forming object o according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the first elements or the second elements are arranged in a pitch.

The image forming body according to any one of claims 2, 4 to 6, wherein the first image line and the second image line have the same or different image line widths.

The image forming body according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the first pixel, the Z, or the second pixel have the same or different pixel areas.

The image forming body according to any one of claims 2, 4 to 7, wherein the second image line has a parallel or predetermined angle with respect to the first image line.

The material having the force-lar flip-flop property includes at least one of a scale-like my strength pigment, a scale-like metal pigment, a glass flake pigment, and a cholesteric liquid crystal pigment. The image forming body according to Item.

The scale-like my strength pigment, the scale-like metal pigment, the glass flake pigment, or the cholesteric liquid crystal pigment is a pigment having a planar orientation, which has been subjected to a water- and oil-repellent surface treatment. Item 11. The image forming body according to any one of Items 1 to 10.

A first substrate;

A first image is formed on at least a partial region of the surface of the first substrate. The first image includes a first first image element, a second first image element, (1)-(2), (n) (ri Is a natural number greater than or equal to 2), and the first image group includes at least one first image group, and the first image group includes the first image elements having different shapes or angles. , Compressed in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction, or both directions at the same reduction ratio, and the first image elements should not overlap As described above, the image forming body is characterized by being arranged continuously at a regular first pitch and having regularity in the degree of change between the adjacent first image elements.

13. The image forming body according to claim 12, wherein the first image element has an image line structure or a pixel structure.

The first image element in one of the first image groups arranged at least one of the first image groups is formed by changing the regular first pitch at a constant or constant rate. The image forming body according to claim 12, wherein

15. The regular first pitch is characterized in that when at least two of the first image groups are arranged, the pitches of the first image groups are different from each other. The image forming body according to any one of the above.

A authenticity determination tool for determining authenticity of the image forming body according to claim 12, wherein the second substrate,

A second image is formed on at least a partial region of the surface of the second substrate, and the second image is formed by arranging at least one second image group including second image elements, The second image group consists of the second image elements arranged continuously in a regular second pitch.

The first pitch of the first image element in the first image is different from the second pitch of the second image element in the second image.

A true / false discriminating tool characterized in that the first base material and the second base material are overlapped so that the first image and the second image overlap so that a moire image can be visually observed.

17. The authenticity determination tool according to claim 16, wherein the second image element has an image line structure or a pixel structure. The authentic second discrimination according to claim 16 or 17, wherein the regular second pitch is configured such that the pitch is constant or the pitch is changed at a constant rate. The authenticity determination according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein when the two second image groups are arranged, the pitches of the second image groups are different from each other. m

The authenticity discrimination tool according to any one of claims 16 to 19, wherein the second base material is transparent or translucent.

When the first substrate is transparent or translucent, and the second substrate is opaque, the second substrate removes a portion of the second image excluding the second image element. The authenticity discriminating tool according to any one of claims 16 to 19, characterized by being made.

A second image is formed on at least a part of the surface of the second substrate and the surface of the second substrate, and the second image has at least one second image group composed of second image elements. The second image group is formed by arranging the second image elements continuously at a regular second pitch, and a first pitch of the first image elements in the first image. A true / false discrimination method for performing true / false discrimination on an image forming body according to claim 12, using a true / false discriminator having different second pitches of second image elements in the second image,

The first base and the second image are arranged such that the direction of the first pitch of the first image and the direction of the second pitch of the second image are the same direction, and the first image and the second image overlap. Superimposing the substrates, moving the first substrate and the second substrate in parallel to the pitch direction of the first image element in the first image and the pitch direction of the second image element in the second image; A method for determining authenticity, characterized in that a moiré image is genuine when it is visible and a moiré image is not visible when it is determined as a counterfeit. An image forming body comprising a first image and a second image, The first image is composed of a first first image element, a second first image element,---, and an nth (n is a natural number of 2 or more) first image element. At least one group, wherein the first image elements having different shapes or angles are compressed at the same reduction ratio in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction, or both directions, and The first image elements are arranged continuously at a regular first pitch so that the first image elements do not overlap with each other, and the degree of change between the adjacent first image elements is regular.

The second image has a second image group composed of second image elements, and the second image group includes the second image elements arranged continuously at a regular second pitch. Consisting of

The first pitch of the first image element in the first image is different from the second pitch of the second image element in the second image,

The first image is formed on at least a part of the surface of the first substrate, and the second image is formed on at least a part of the surface of the second substrate. The direction of the first pitch of the first image and the direction of the second pitch of the second image are the same direction, and the first substrate and the second image are overlapped so that the first image and the second image overlap. An image forming body characterized in that a base material is laminated.

[Claim 24] An image forming body comprising a first image and a second image,

The first image is composed of a first first image element, a second first image element, the first image element of the first image element, n, and n (n is a natural number of 2 or more). At least one group, wherein the first image elements having different shapes or angles are compressed at the same reduction ratio in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction, or both directions, and The first image elements are continuously arranged at a regular first pitch so that the first image elements do not overlap with each other, and the degree of change between the adjacent first image elements is regular,

The second image has a second image group composed of second image elements, and the second image group has the second image element continuous at a regular second pitch. Arranged in the

One of the first image and the second image is formed on at least a part of the surface of either one of the front and back surfaces of the substrate, and the other of the first image and the second image And at least a part of the other one of the front and back surfaces of the base material, the first pitch direction of the first image and the second pitch direction of the second image are the same direction, and An image forming body, wherein the first image and the previous image (the second image are formed so as to overlap each other).

25. The image forming body according to claim 23, wherein the first image element and the second image element have an image line structure or a pixel structure.

[Claim 26] The regular first pitch and the regular second pitch are characterized in that the pitch is constant or the pitch is changed at a constant rate. The image forming body according to any one of claims.

27. The regular first pitch and the regular second pitch may be defined by the first image group in each first image group when at least two of the first image groups are arranged. The image forming body according to any one of claims 23 to 26, wherein each image element has a different pitch.

28. The image forming body according to any one of claims 23 to 27, wherein the first base material and / or the second base material are transparent or translucent.