WO2009135376A1 - 利用前向散射辐射检查物体的方法及其设备 - Google Patents
利用前向散射辐射检查物体的方法及其设备 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009135376A1 WO2009135376A1 PCT/CN2009/000155 CN2009000155W WO2009135376A1 WO 2009135376 A1 WO2009135376 A1 WO 2009135376A1 CN 2009000155 W CN2009000155 W CN 2009000155W WO 2009135376 A1 WO2009135376 A1 WO 2009135376A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
- G01N23/20083—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials by using a combination of at least two measurements at least one being a transmission measurement and one a scatter measurement
Definitions
- IP080151 Method for inspecting objects using forward scatter radiation and apparatus therefor
- the present invention relates to radiation inspection of objects, and more particularly to methods and apparatus for inspecting materials in large and medium-sized objects such as shipping and air containers. Background technique
- the main method used in the early stage is to allow a single-energy ray to interact with an object to be inspected, and to detect an image of the object to be inspected to obtain an image.
- This method can reflect changes in the shape and mass thickness of the object being inspected, but it cannot identify the material of the object.
- the method of identifying the effective atomic number of matter using the dual energy method was proposed and quickly applied to various fields such as medical imaging and baggage detection.
- the theoretical basis for the dual-energy method to identify substances is that when the X-rays of different energies interact with an object, the physical response is related to the material properties of the object and the energy of the X-ray.
- the photoelectric effect, the Compton effect, and the electron pair effect are dominant, respectively.
- the interaction of rays with matter of different atomic numbers also varies monotonically with the change of atomic number. Therefore, by accurately detecting the X-rays of different energies and the rays acting on the same object, the material properties of the object can be judged.
- Patent Document 1 US 6,069,936 A
- Patent Document 2 WO 00/43760 A2
- Patent Document 3 discloses that an accelerator is used to alternately generate rays that degrade two kinds of energy spectrums.
- the difference between the energy spectra of the two X-rays obtained by the material absorption method is limited, and the range of accurate material identification is limited, and the accelerator alternately generates high and low levels.
- IP080151 can be used in two different spectral ray methods, and the stability requirements of the accelerator are too harsh, making the method difficult to apply.
- Patent Document 4 (US 2007/0098142 A1) proposes a method of simultaneously detecting backscattered radiation and forward scattered radiation to increase the amount of information, but does not propose to apply it to substance recognition. Summary of the invention
- the invention discloses a method and a device for inspecting an object by using forward scatter radiation, and the interaction between the ray ray and the scatterer is generated while the ray beam is caused to interact with the object to be detected. Scattering radiation, and letting forward-scattering radiation interact with the same object to be inspected, using the results of the interaction to perform calculation and analysis based on curve fitting, realizing the recognition of the effective atomic number of different materials, thereby realizing the object Non-invasive inspection.
- a method for inspecting an object using forward scatter radiation comprising the steps of: detecting a first penetration value of a first radiation generated by the radiation source interacting with the object to be inspected; Generating a second radiation that interacts with the scatterer to generate forward scatter radiation at a predetermined angle to the second radiation; detecting a second penetration value of the forward scatter radiation interacting with the object to be inspected; The first penetration value and the second penetration value are used to obtain material property information of the object to be inspected.
- the first radiation and the second radiation are generated by the same radiation source.
- the source of radiation is an X-ray machine, a radioisotope or a particle accelerator.
- the first radiation and the second radiation have the same emission path or are two portions of the same radiation. '
- the emission paths of the first radiation and the second radiation are at an angle.
- the forward scattered radiation is parallel to the emission path of the first radiation.
- the scatterer is composed of a low Z material.
- the low Z material comprises. At least one of B, B and organic materials.
- At least one collimating system is provided between the first radiation and the detector.
- At least one collimating system is provided between the scatterer and the detector.
- the collimating system is a radial fan-shaped collimator.
- the collimating system causes the scatterer to produce forward scatter into a sector and interact with the object to be inspected.
- said collimating system is disposed next to the detector system.
- the collimating system is a collimating hole having a series of through holes, and each of the detectors is provided with a collimating hole.
- the collimating hole is placed on an arc centered on the center of the scatterer.
- the source of radiation is a dual target particle accelerator.
- the dual target particle accelerator utilizes a particle deflection system to deflect the accelerated particles to bombard at least one of the dual targets.
- the dual target is arranged as follows: there is a deviation in a position perpendicular to the moving direction of the object to be inspected. '
- the scatterer is added to the target in the deflecting direction, and the center of the scatterer is aligned with the target in the undeflected direction in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the object to be inspected.
- said detecting the forward scattered radiation uses a highly sensitive detector crystal.
- the step of identifying material properties of the material comprises: separately calculating attenuation values of the first radiation and the scattered radiation for the same voxel.
- the method further comprises a matching process for the same voxel attenuation value based on the distance between the two parallel radiations.
- the material material property refers to an equivalent atomic number of a substance contained in the object.
- the step of identifying the material comprises: performing material identification by using a material that has previously known properties of the material to be sampled, and a distinguishing function for identifying the attribute of the unknown material is obtained by sampling point fitting.
- the predetermined angle is less than 15 degrees.
- an apparatus for inspecting an object using forward scatter radiation comprising: a radiation source that produces high energy radiation; and a first collimation system that causes the radiation source to produce a first radiation of the sector, while Generating a second radiation at a predetermined angle to the first radiation; a scatterer for generating forward scatter radiation from the second radiation; and a second collimating system for causing the forward scatter radiation generated by the scatterer to
- the detected object emits a fan beam;
- the first detector array is configured to detect a first penetration value of the first radiation penetrating the object to be inspected; and the second detector array is configured to detect the forward scattering radiation penetrating the object to be inspected a second penetration value; and a processor coupled to the first and second detector arrays for processing the first and second detected values to obtain a material property of the object.
- the second radiation is a fan beam or a pencil beam.
- the first radiation is parallel to the collimated forward scattered radiation.
- the radiation source is a particle accelerator, an X-ray machine or a radioactive isotope.
- the center of the scatterer is at the same level as the emission point from which the radiation source is generated.
- the second collimating system is a radial collimator composed of heavy metals, and the center point of the radiation is the center of the scatterer.
- the second collimating system is a double bell mouth collimating system.
- the first detector array and the second detector array are parallel to each other and aligned in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the object.
- an apparatus for inspecting an object using forward scatter radiation comprising: an accelerator capable of generating a first radiation and a second radiation at a predetermined angle; and for generating forward scatter from the second radiation a scatterer of radiation; a first collimating system that causes the first radiation to emit in a fan shape; and a second collimating system that causes forward scatter generated by the interaction of the second radiation and the scatterer into a fan-shaped emission; An array, configured to detect a first penetration value of the first radiation penetrating the object to be inspected; a second detector array, configured to detect a second penetration value of the forward scattered radiation penetrating the object to be inspected; a processor coupled to the second detector array for processing the first and second penetration values to obtain a material property of the object; a control system coupled to the accelerator and the first and second detector arrays, Used to change the operating parameters of the radiation source and to synchronize acquisition with the detector system. .
- the center of the scatterer is at the same level as the emission point of the first radiation.
- the first radiation is parallel to the collimated forward scattered radiation.
- the first collimating system and the second collimating system are identical.
- the first detector array and the second detector array are parallel to each other and aligned in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the object.
- an apparatus for inspecting an object using forward scatter radiation comprising: a radiation source capable of generating a krypton energy ray; and a scatterer for generating forward scatter radiation from the high energy ray a first detector array for detecting a first penetration value of the first radiation penetrating the object to be inspected; a second detector array for detecting a second penetration value of the forward scattered radiation penetrating the object to be inspected; a first collimating system for the first detector array; a second collimating system for the second set of detector arrays for collimating a certain angle of forward scatter; and the first and second detectors An array-connected processor for processing the first and second penetration values to obtain material properties of the object.
- the scatterer is located before the radiation source for generating forward scatter radiation.
- the first detector array and the second detector array are perpendicular to an object moving direction There is a deviation on IP080151.
- the processor is adapted to match a penetration value of two different radiations interacting with the same portion of the object.
- the second collimating system is arranged in an arc, and the center of the arc is the center of the scatterer.
- FIG. 2A to 2E are schematic views of various collimating systems for collimating rays according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a flow chart for realizing substance identification according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4A to 4C are diagrams for realizing accurate detection of a penetration value according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a dual-energy inspection of a test object by using a non-parallel detector according to an embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a dual energy inspection of a test object using a dual target accelerator according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
- the X-rays of the two energies interacting with the object to be inspected have significant energy (energy spectrum) differences, and the X-rays of the two different energies are required to be the same body of the test object.
- the interaction of the elements is detected, thus ensuring accurate identification of the material properties of the material.
- the high-energy X-ray when performing radiation imaging inspection on an object to be inspected, it is first necessary to generate a high-energy X-ray having relatively stable energy spectrum by a radiation source, and the high-energy X-ray can be accurately detected after interacting with the object to be inspected. .
- the high-energy X-ray interacts with the scatterer to produce a larger dose of forward scatter spectrum. That is, a fixed angle of X-ray scattering and forward dispersion after interaction with the object
- the penetrating radiation emitted by IP080151 can still be detected by the detector.
- the forward-scattering radiation After the X-ray interacts with the object, a large part of the forward-scattering radiation is generated from the bremsstrahlung of the ray and the object, so the average energy of the scatter spectrum is significantly lower than the X-ray energy of the incident scatterer. That is to say, there is a significant difference in energy spectrum between forward scattered radiation and high energy X-rays generated by the radiation source.
- the amount of X-ray dose that the X-ray interacts with the scatterer will be much lower than the original X-ray dose. Therefore, in order to utilize the forward scatter radiation to realize the identification of the material of the object to be inspected, it is necessary to allow the forward scatter radiation to interact with the same position of the object to be inspected, and still be accurately detected by the detector.
- the radiation imaging performed in the embodiment of the present invention is based on line-column imaging, that is, the motion of the object to be inspected, and the attenuation value of the line array of a detector after detecting a cross section of the X-ray and the object. Therefore, the forward scatter radiation that can be used can only be based on a certain range of angles.
- the energy of forward-scattering radiation generated by high-energy X-rays interacting with objects is usually less than the energy of X-rays before interaction with objects. As the angle between the scattered radiation and the incident X-ray increases, the average energy of the scattered radiation will decrease rapidly.
- Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of the dual energy method for inspecting an object to be inspected using X-ray forward scatter radiation in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- a radiation source 101 such as an X-ray machine, a radioisotope or a particle accelerator, can stably generate X-rays having a higher energy (energy spectrum), such as rays of lOMeV.
- the X-rays emitted directly from the radiation source 101 may be a cone beam having a large spatial angle, whereas the system of the embodiment of the present invention only needs to collect one beam. Therefore, it is necessary to shape and collimate the cone beam.
- the collimation system 109 converts the original cone-shaped X-ray beam
- the collimation is two fan-shaped X-ray beams 102a and 103a.
- the specific structure of the collimation system 109 is shown in the schematic diagram of Fig. 2A.
- the beams 102a and 103a have almost identical energy spectra because they are two portions of the X-ray beam emitted by the radiation source 101.
- the two beams may be the same beam.
- a control system is needed to make the collection
- IP080151 is emitting radiation
- the rays do not interact with the scatterers.
- the forward scatter radiation is collected, the ray interacts with the scatterer and then interacts with the object.
- Reference numeral 104a denotes a detector system suitable for detecting larger doses, typically a line detector array.
- the detector array 104a can be a gas detector or a solid state detector.
- the detector array 104a and the detector array 104b may be different, the former adopting a crystal with lower detection efficiency and the latter may use a crystal with high detection efficiency.
- the size of the detector array 104b may be larger than the size of the detector array 104a, and
- the detector for detecting forward scattered radiation that is, the detector array 104b, can employ a plurality of layers of detectors, thereby further improving the detection effect and detection accuracy for the detection effect of X-rays having different energies.
- the penetrating radiation 102b is detected by the detector array 104a and transmitted to the data processing workstation via the transmission control system and recorded.
- the beam 103a is for interacting with the scatterer 106 to produce forward scattered radiation for detecting an object.
- the scattered radiation 103a and the direct emitted radiation 102a are not two parallel beams, but are emitted at a certain angle, which is the angle at which the front-line scattered radiation to be collected is determined. The angle should be less than 60 degrees to ensure that the collected ray is a forward scatter ray emitted by the scatterer.
- the beam 103a can be collimated by a collimation system 108 prior to interacting with the scatterer 106.
- the collimation system 108 is not required, and only when the beam 103a is a fan beam and interacts with the spherical scatterer 106, it is necessary to pass through a collimating system such as Fig. 2B. If the beam 103a obtained after the collimator 109 is collimated is a stroke beam, a collimation system like that of Fig. 2B is not required.
- the scatterer 106 is a sphere of low Z material, such as C,
- the radiation beam 103a interacts with the scatterer 106 to produce forward scatter at various angles, while the embodiment of the present invention utilizes radiation that is primarily only the portion of the forward scatter radiation that is at a predetermined angle ⁇ to the incident ray. This ⁇ angle is also the angle between the beam 103a and the beam 102a. Therefore, by further collimating the forward scatter generated by the scatterer by the collimation system 107 made of heavy metal, the forward scatter radiation 103b for penetrating the object to be inspected 105 is obtained.
- the forward scattered radiation 103b is a sectoral X-ray beam having an average energy that is significantly lower than the beam 102a and parallel to the beam 102a.
- the center point of forward scatter is the center point of the scatterer.
- Detector array 104b is a detector system suitable for detecting lower doses. Penetrating spoke After the IP080151 is detected by 104b, it will also be transmitted to the data processing workstation through the transmission control system, and recorded and saved, and processed by a processor in the data processing workstation to obtain the material properties of the object.
- the object 105 can be considered to move in one direction at a constant velocity V in the direction of the vertical beam 102a and 103b.
- the values detected and recorded by detector arrays 104a and 104b, respectively may be based on the velocity V and the frequency at which the radiation source emits X-rays to match the penetration of the same voxel of the matched beam 102a and 103b to the object.
- the radiation source is a radiation source with 101 being a continuous mode, such as a radioactive isotope source
- the detection value can be accurately matched according to the acquisition frequency of the detector.
- the radiation source 101 can obtain two X-rays through a collimating system like that shown in Fig. 2A.
- the collimator 201 will be the collimating system 109 shown in Fig. 1, which is cylindrical and composed of a high Z material.
- the slit 202 in Fig. 2A is a collimating slit for generating 102a.
- the slit in the middle of the cylinder is a bell mouth shape to realize an image forming method in which the beam 102a is a one-point source.
- the slit 203 is for generating a beam 103a.
- a slit angle is formed between the slits 202 and 203.
- the slit 203 may be a flared collimating slit, and the emitted beam 103a is also a fan beam.
- the slit 203 may also be a narrow rectangular collimation slit, and the emitted beam 103a is a pencil beam.
- the collimator 205a of Fig. 2B can be used as the collimation system 108 of Fig. 1 in order to achieve point source imaging.
- the collimating slit of the collimator 205a is perpendicular to the sector of the beam 103a. That is, if collimator 205b is a collimating slit that produces ray 103a, such as slit 203, then the collimator placed at position 108 will be collimator 205a, at which point collimators 205a and 205b will be positive
- a collimation system that produces a pen-shaped beam of rays, 205c, is obtained, thereby effecting incident into the scattering.
- the beam of the body is a fine beam of the shape, and the scatterer is approximate point source emission scattering. This ensures that the entire forward scatter imaging system is still a point source imaging system.
- the collimating system 107 of Figure 1 is implemented as a radiating divergent collimator, such as the collimator 206 shown in Figures 2C and 2D.
- the collimator 206 can be made of a high Z material and a radial through hole can be obtained by wire cutting or an associated laser process.
- the sector collimation system is centered on the center of the scatterer 106.
- the scattered radiation generated by the scatterer 106 will be emitted outward through these divergent collimated vias.
- the IP080151 is directed to the scattered ray beam 103b, further ensuring the size limitation of the point source imaging to the point source.
- the scatterer may not be a spheroid but a cube. In this case, it is necessary to use a pair of flared collimating systems as shown by collimator 222 in Figure 2E. Beam generated by a radiation source
- the imaging method at this time is also similar to a point source imaging.
- the center level of the scatterer is the same as the center level of the radiation emitted by the radiation source, thereby ensuring that the paths of the two different energy rays interacting with the object to be inspected are parallel to each other.
- a directional collimation hole can be used. As shown in FIG. 4, the forward scattered radiation generated by the rectangular prism scatterer 410 made of a low Z material interacts with the object to be inspected 411, passes through the collimation hole 412, enters the detector crystal 413, and is detected. recording.
- the collimating hole 412 is a cubic through hole made of a high Z material. .
- a collimating aperture 412 is next to the detector crystal 413. 'Therefore only the rays perpendicular to the forward detection surface of the detection crystal can enter the detected, and the lower energy radiation in the other direction will be shielded by the collimation hole, which improves the alignment of the direction and further improves the detection accuracy.
- Figure 3 illustrates the flow of material i only in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- a function of material identification is obtained from known materials prior to inspection of the unknown object.
- step S110 the penetration value is first obtained by detecting the interaction of the X-rays 102a emitted by the radiation source 101 and the forward scattered radiation 103b emitted by the scatterers with known materials of different thicknesses.
- the selection of known materials here is based on the atomic number of the material.
- the penetration values of the two energies for various substances of the same thickness are matched.
- the transparency of the two energies can be calculated first (ie, the penetration dose/radiation dose that does not interact with the object being examined). Then, calculate the ratio of these two energies.
- step S130 according to different material groupings, according to the ratio obtained in the step S120, the variation curve of each material with thickness is fitted, and the function of the curve is a function of the identification material. This function can be used to identify the material of an object.
- step S210 When detecting an unknown object, in step S210, the penetration values of the two energies interacting with the material of the object are acquired, and data matching is performed. Then, in step S220, the function value of the fitting function obtained in S130 is obtained according to the transparency ratio of the matched two energies, and the function value and the known material are used. The function values of IP080151 are compared to determine the material properties of the object to be inspected.
- the color is identified as a different color according to the effective atomic number and gray scale of the substance, thereby generating the representation object.
- Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing another configuration for realizing a dual energy method for inspecting an object to be inspected by using X-ray forward scatter radiation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the radiation source 501 stably emits high-energy X-rays in a point source manner, and the scatterer 502 is directly adjacent to the target of the radiation source 501.
- the size of the scatterer 502 in the ray emission direction is small, It is equivalently considered that the rays for interacting with the object to be inspected 509 are emitted from the center of the scatterer 502 in the form of a point source.
- the ray passing through the scatterer 502 passes through the collimation system 503, and is split into two bundled fan beams 504A and 504B to interact with the object 509 to be measured.
- the alignment system 503 has the same structure as the above-described collimation system 201.
- the beam 504A is the radiation directly emitted by the ray source and then passes through the scatterer to obtain a hardened energy spectrum with higher energy.
- the beam 504B because it is at an angle to the incident radiation, will have a significantly lower energy than 504A and will act as forward scattered radiation to penetrate the object under test.
- the penetrating radiation 505a, 505b interacting with the object is detected and recorded by detector arrays 506 and 507, respectively.
- Detector array 506 is suitable for detecting larger doses of detector crystals, while detector array 507 is a detector crystal with higher detection efficiency.
- a collimating through hole 508 can be mounted in front of the detector crystal of the detector array 507.
- the structure and function of the collimating through holes are the same as those of the collimating holes 412 described above.
- the detector array 507 is not parallel to the detector array 506, but is angled to achieve a penetration value that detects the interaction of two different energy rays with the object.
- the interaction paths of the two beams of different energies are different from the object to be inspected, the method is still very practical when the recognition accuracy of the required substance is not very high, or the object to be inspected is thin. value. Because the system of this embodiment is relatively simple and can be upgraded on many existing single-energy X-ray imaging systems.
- Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing still another structure for realizing a dual energy method for inspecting an object by using X-ray forward scatter radiation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the accelerator using a dual target in Fig. 6 serves as a radiation source.
- Reference numeral 607 denotes an electron beam which is accelerated in the accelerating tube.
- Reference numeral 601 is a particle deflection system that is controlled by a predetermined timing.
- the particle deflection system 601 does not deflect the electron beam 607.
- the electron beam 607 flies in the original direction 607b and bombards the first of the metal target 603.
- high-energy X-rays are produced.
- X-rays pass through collimation system 605 and form a shaped beam 608b.
- the beam 608b and the object to be inspected 609 are perpendicular to each other.
- the detector array 610b detects and records the penetration value of the high-energy X-ray interacting with the object.
- the two portions of the target 603 are at an angle, and after the particle beams of different angles are accelerated, the target regions are bombarded with the corresponding target regions, and two X-rays at different angles are generated.
- Reference numeral 602 is a particle focusing system. The deflected electron beam is well focused upon seeing the particle focusing system 602 and bombards the second portion of the metal target 603 to produce high energy X-rays.
- Reference numeral 604 denotes a scatterer that is identical in shape to the second portion of the target 603. The scatterer 604 is next to the second portion of the target 603 and has the same level as the target 603.
- the scatterer 604 is aligned with the second portion of the metal target 603 that produces the high energy ray 608b in a direction perpendicular to the direction of motion of the object.
- the forward scatter generated by the scatterer 604 passes through the collimator 605 and forms a fan-shaped beam 608a.
- the forward scattered radiations 608a and 608b are parallel to each other.
- the forward scattered radiation 608a interacts with the object 609 and is collected and recorded by the detector array 610a.
- Reference numerals 610b and 610a are suitable for detecting large doses and small doses of X-rays, respectively. Matching the detection values of the same voxel of the object by the two detector arrays, thereby realizing the identification of the material properties of the material.
- the method of detecting crystals for the ray of the two energies may also employ a detector crystal having a higher detection efficiency depending on the actual situation.
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Description
IP080151 利用前向散射辐射检查物体的方法及其设备 技术领域
本发明涉及对物体进行辐射检查,特别涉及对海运、航空集装箱等大中型客 体中的材料进行检查的方法及设备。 背景技术
在现有的利用 X射线辐射成像领域中, 早期主要采用的方法是让单能射线 与被检物体相互作用后,探测与被检物体作用后的射线来得到图像。这种方法能 够反映出被检物体的形状和质量厚度的变化, 但却不能对物体的材料进行识别。 后来,利用双能法识别物质的有效原子序数的方法被提出, 并很快被应用到医学 成像和行李检测等各个领域。 双能法识别物质的理论基础是不同能量的 X射线 与物体相互作用时, 其产生的物理反应与物体的材料属性和 X射线的能量相关。 在不同的能量区域, 光电效应、康普顿效应和电子对效应产生的几率分别占主要 地位。 射线与不同原子序数的物质相互作用, 也随原子序数的变化而单调变化。 所以, 通过精确探测不同能量的 X射线与同一物体发生作用后的射线, 能够判 断物体的材料属性。
但这是不仅要求两种能量的 X射线在能量上有较大的差异, 而且对射线的 探测精度和产生的 X射线的稳定程度都提出了很高的要求。 同时, 对于运动物 体的检测, 如行李检测, 还面临着对不同能量射线对同一体素的精确匹配问题。 对于运动物体较快的检测时, 匹配不同能量 X射线对同一物体的穿透值变得尤 其明显。如在大中型的客体检查中, 即集装箱, 航空箱等, 往往要求检测速度较 快, 而物体往往都有很高的质量厚度, 致使 X射线的穿透剂量通常都较小。 因 此, 如何得到不同能量的 X射线和如何精确探测并匹配不同能量对同一物体的 穿透值, 成为了双能法辐射成像进一步应用的瓶颈。
在专利文献 1 (US 6,069,936 A)和专利文献 2 (WO 00/43760 A2)中提出了 利用单一辐射源, 通过材料吸收的办法调制出双能能谱的方法。
此外, 专利文献 3 (WO 2004/030162 A2) 披露了由一个加速器交替产生髙 低两种能谱的射线。 在专利文献 3中, 通过材料吸收法得到的两束 X射线的能 谱之间差异有限, 导致准确的材料识别的范围受到限制,而加速器交替产生高低
IP080151 能两种不同能谱射线的方法, 对加速器的稳定性要求过于苛刻, 使得该方法很难 被应用。
专利文献 4 (US 2007/0098142 A1) 提出了同时探测后向散射辐射和前向散 射辐射的方法来增大信息量, 却没有提出将其应用于物质识别。 发明内容
本发明公开了一种利用前向散射辐射检査物体的方法及其设备,在让单能辐 射源产生射线束与被检物体相互作用的同时,利用该射线束与一散射体相互作用 产生前向散射辐射, 并让前向散射辐射与同一被检物体相互作用, 利用相互作用 的结果进行基于曲线拟合的计算和分析,实现了对不同材料的有效原子序数的识 别, 从而实现对物体的非侵入性检査。
在本发明的一个方面, 提出了一种利用前向散射辐射检査物体的方法, 包 括步骤: 探测辐射源产生的第一辐射与被检物体相互作用后的第一穿透值; 使辐 射源产生的第二辐射与散射体相互作用,以产生与该第二辐射成预定角度的前向 散射辐射; 探测该前向散射辐射与被检物体相互作用后的第二穿透值; 以及利用 探测的第一穿透值和第二穿透值来获取该被检物体的材料属性信息。
优选地, 所述第一辐射和所述第二辐射由同一辐射源产生。
优选地, 所述辐射源为 X光机、 放射性同位素或粒子加速器。
优选地, 所述第一辐射和所述第二辐射的发射路径相同或者是同一辐射的 两个部分。 '
优选地, 所述第一辐射和所述第二辐射的发射路径成一角度。
优选地, 所述的前向散射辐射与所述第一辐射的发射路径平行。
优选地, 所述的散射体由低 Z材料构成。
优选地, 所述低 Z材料包括。、 B和有机材料的至少之一。
优选地, 在所述第一辐射与探测器之间设置至少一个准直系统。
优选地, 在所述散射体与探测器之间设置至少一个准直系统。
优选地, 所述的准直系统是一放射状的扇形准直器。
优选地, 所述的准直系统使得散射体产生的前向散射成一扇面后, 与被检 物体相互作用。
优选地, 所述的准直系统紧挨着探测器系统而设置。
IP080151 优选地, 所述的准直系统为具有一系列通孔的准直孔, 每一个探测器前设 置有一准直孔。
优选地, 所述的准直孔放置于以散射体中心为圆心的弧线上。
优选地, 所述的辐射源是双靶粒子加速器。
优选地,所述的双靶粒子加速器利用粒子偏转系统使加速的粒子产生偏转, 以轰击双靶至少之一。
优选地, 所述的双靶如下设置: 在垂直于被检物体运动方向上的位置有偏 差。 '
优选地, 给偏转方向的靶加上散射体, 以及散射体的中心与未偏转方向的 靶点在垂直于被检物体运动方向上对齐。
优选地, 所述的对前向散射辐射的探测采用的是高灵敏度的探测器晶体。 优选地, 所述的识别物质材料属性的步骤包括: 分别计算第一辐射和散射 辐射对同一体素的衰减值。
优选地, 所述方法还包括根据两个平行辐射间的距离对同一体素衰减值的 匹配过程。
优选地, 所述的物质材料属性是指该物体中所含物质的等效原子序数。 优选地, 所述的识别材料的步骤包括: 利用预先对已知材料属性的物质进 行釆样,并通过采样点拟合得到用于识别未知材料属性的区分函数来进行材料识 别。
优选地, 所述预定角度小于 15度。
在本发明的另一方面, 提出了一种利用前向散射辐射检査物体的设备, 包 括:产生高能射线的辐射源;第一准直系统,使得辐射源可产生扇形的第一辐射, 同时产生与第一辐射成预定角度的第二辐射; 散射体,用于从所述第二辐射产生 前向散射辐射;第二准直系统,让散射体产生的前向散射辐射以一点源形式向被 检物体发射扇形束;第一探测器阵列,用于探测第一辐射穿透被检物体的第一穿 透值; 第二探测器阵列, 用于探测前向散射辐射穿透被检物体的第二穿透值; 以 及与第一和第二探测器阵列相连的处理器, 用于对第一和第二探测值进行处理, 得到物体的材料属性。
优选地, 所述的第二辐射为扇形束或笔形束。
优选地, 所述第一辐射与经过准直后的前向散射辐射相平行。
优选地, 所述的辐射源是粒子加速器、 X光机或放射性同位素。
优选地, 所述的散射体的中心与产生辐射源的发射点在同一水平高度。 优选地, 所述第二准直系统为一由重金属构成的辐射状准直器, 辐射的中 心点为散射体的中心。
优选地, 所述的第二准直系统是一双喇叭口状的准直系统。
优选地, 所述第一探测器阵列和所述第二探测器阵列相互平行, 并在垂直 于物体运动方向上对齐。
在本发明的又一方面, 提出了一种利用前向散射辐射检查物体的设备, 包 括: 能产生成预定角度的第一辐射和第二辐射的加速器;用于从第二辐射产生前 向散射辐射的散射体;第一准直系统,让第一辐射成扇形状发射;第二准直系统, 让第二辐射与散射体相互作用后产生的前向散射成扇形状发射; 第一探测器阵 列, 用于探测第一辐射穿透被检物体的第一穿透值; 第二探测器阵列, 用于探测 前向散射辐射穿透被检物体的第二穿透值;与第一和第二探测器阵列相连的处理 器, 用于对第一和第二穿透值进行处理, 得到物体的材料属性; 控制系统, 与所 述的加速器和所述第一和第二探测器阵列连接,用于改变輻射源的工作参数, 以 及与探测器系统的同步采集。 .
优选地, 所述的散射体的中心与第一辐射的发射点在同一水平高度。
优选地, 所述第一辐射与经过准直后的前向散射辐射相平行。
优选地, 所述第一准直系统和第二准直系统完全相同。
优选地, 所述第一探测器阵列和所述第二探测器阵列相互平行, 并在垂直 于物体运动方向上对齐。
在本发明的再一方面, 提出了一种利用前向散射辐射检査物体的设备, 包 括: 能产生成髙能射线的辐射源;用于从所述高能射线产生前向散射辐射的散射 体; 第一探测器阵列, 用于探测第一辐射穿透被检物体的第一穿透值; 第二探测 器阵列, 用于探测前向散射辐射穿透被检物体的第二穿透值; 第一准直系统, 用 于第一探测器阵列; 第二准直系统, 用于第二组探测器阵列, 用于准直一定角度 的前向散射; 与所述第一和第二探测器阵列相连的处理器,用于对第一和第二穿 透值进行处理, 以得到物体的材料属性。
优选地, 所述散射体位于辐射源前, 用于产生前向散射辐射。
优选地, 所述的第一探测器阵列和第二探测器阵列在垂直于物体运动方向
IP080151 上有偏差。
优选地, 所述的处理器适用于匹配两束不同辐射与物体同一部分相互作用 后的穿透值。
优选地, 所述的第二准直系统排列成一圆弧, 该圆弧的圆心即为散射体的 中心。
利用本发明的方法和设备, 可以实现能谱差别较大的两种高能射线束, 从而 方便准确识别物体的物质属性。 本发明可以应用在海关、港口、机场对货物进行 不开箱检査, 也可用于生物学研究或医学检测。 附图说明
从下面结合附图的详细描述中, 本发明的上述特征和优点将更明显, 其中: 图 1是根据本发明实施例的利用 X射线的前向散射辐射来实现双能法检査 被检物体的示意图;
图 2A到 2E悬根据本发明实施例对射线进行准直的各种准直系统示意图; 图 3是根据本发明实施例, 实现物质识别的流程图;
图 4A到 4C是根据本发明实施例, 实现精确探测穿透值的示意图; 图 5 是根据本发明实施例, 利用非平行探测器实现双能检查被检物的示意 图; 以及
图 6是根据本发明实施例, 利用双靶加速器实现双能检查被检物的示意图。 具体实施方式
下面, 参考附图详细说明本发明的优选实施方式。在附图中, 虽然示于不同 的附图中, 但相同的附图标记用于表示相同的或相似的组件。
根据双能法实现物质识别的物理原理,要求与被检物体相互作用的两种能量 的 X射线有明显能量 (能谱) 差异, 同时要求两种不同能量的 X射线与被检物 的同一体素相互作用后被探测到, 从而保证对物质材料属性的准确识别。
按照本发明的实施例,在对被检物体进行辐射成像检査时, 首先需要由一辐 射源产生能谱相对稳定的高能 X射线, 该高能 X射线与被检物体相互作用后能 被精确探测。 同时, 该高能 X射线与散射体相互作用后, 能够产生较大剂量的 前向散射能谱。 也就是, 一固定角度的 X射线散射与物体相互作用后的前向散
IP080151 射的穿透辐射仍然能被探测器探测到有效信号。
X射线与物体相互作用后,产生的前向散射辐射有很大一部份来源于射线与 物体的韧致辐射, 因此散射能谱的平均能量要明显低于入射散射体的 X射线的 能量。 也就是说前向散射辐射与辐射源产生的高能 X射线之间存在明显的能谱 差异是能够实现的。 但 X射线与散射体相互作用后的得到的前向散射辐射的剂 量会较原有的 X射线剂量降低很多。 因此, 为了利用前向散射辐射来实现对被 检物体材料的识别, 需要让前向散射辐射与被检物体的同一位置发生相互作用 后, 仍然能被探测器精确的探测。
本发明实施例中进行的辐射成像是基于线列成像, 即被检物体运动, 一探测 器的线阵列每次探测 X射线与物体的一个截面作用后的衰减值。 因此, 可以采 用的前向散射辐射也就只能基于一定的角度范围。 高能 X射线与物体相互作用 后产生的前向散射辐射的能量通常要小于与物体相互作用前的 X射线的能量。 随着散射辐射与入射 X射线的夹角不断增大, 散射辐射的平均能量将快速下降。 当夹角增大到一定程度时, 散射辐射中的高能光子所占的比例将不再有明显变 化, 此时低能光子的比例达到最大值。如果继续增大夹角, 只会使低能光子的比 例下降。 因此, 在同时考虑到能谱差异和剂量大小情况下, 最好选择探测 <15° 范围内的前向散射辐射。
图 1是根据本发明实施例利用 X射线的前向散射辐射来实现双能法检査被 检物体的示意图。
图 1中, 辐射源 101, 例如是 X光机、 放射性同位素或粒子加速器, 可以稳 定发生具有较高能量(能谱)的 X射线,例如 lOMeV的射线。直接从辐射源 101 发射的 X射线可能是一空间角很大的锥形束, 而在本发明实施例的系统只需要 釆集一面束。 因此需要对锥形束进行整形准直。为了实现同时采集辐射源 101直 接发射的高能 X射线 (以下称为直接发射辐射) 和高能 X射线与散射体 106相 互作用后产生的前向散射辐射, 准直系统 109把原锥形 X射线束准直为两束扇 形 X射线束 102a和 103a。 准直系统 109的具体结构参见图 2A示意图。 射线束 102a和 103a几乎有完全相同的能谱, 因为它们是辐射源 101发射的 X射线束的 两个部分。
在要求被检物的扫描速度不高的情况下,如采用交替釆集直接发射辐射和前 向散射辐射时, 这两束射线可以为同一射线束。此时需要一控制系统使在釆集直
IP080151 接发射辐射时, 射线不与散射体相互作用。 而采集前向散射辐射时, 射线与散射 体相互作用后, 再与被检物相互作用。
射线束 102a与被检物体 105直接发生作用, 被物体 105衰减后的辐射即为 穿透辐射 102b。 附图标记 104a表示一适合探测较大剂量的探测器系统, 通常情 况下是一线探测器阵列。 该探测器阵列 104a可以是气体探测器也可以是固体探 测器。 当然, 探测器阵列 104a和探测器阵列 104b可以不同, 前者采用探测效率 较低的晶体而后者可釆用探测效率高的晶体另外, 探测器阵列 104b的尺寸可以 大于探测器阵列 104a的尺寸, 并且探测前向散射辐射的探测器, 即探测器阵列 104b, 可以采用多层的探测器, 从而进一部提髙针对具有不同能量的 X射线的 探测效果, 提高了探测效果和探测精度。
穿透輻射 102b被探测器阵列 104a探测到后将通过传输控制系统传送到数据 处理工作站, 并被记录保存下来。 射线束 103a是用于与散射体 106相互作用后 产生用于检测物体的前向散射辐射。散射辐射 103a和直接发射辐射 102a不是两 平行束, 而是成一定夹角发射, 该角度即为决定要釆集的前线散射辐射的角度。 该角度的取值应该小于 60度, 从而保证采集的射线为散射体发射的前向散射射 线 。射线束 103a在与散射体 106相互作用前,可经过一准直系统 108进行准直。 但准直系统 108并不是必须的, 只有当射线束 103a为一扇形束并与球状的散射 体 106相互作用时, 才需要通过经过像图 2B这样的准直系统。 如果准直器 109 准直后得到的射线束 103a为一笔形束, 则不在需要像图 2B那样的准直系统。
根据本发明的实施例, 该散射体 106为一由低 Z材料构成的球体, 例如 C、
B或者有机材料。
射线束 103a与散射体 106相互作用后, 产生各个角度的前向散射, 而本发 明的实施例要利用的辐射主要只是与入射射线成预定角度 Θ 的那部分前向散射 辐射。该 Θ角度也正是射线束 103a和射线束 102a之间的夹角。 因此利用由重金 属制成的准直系统 107进一步对散射体产生的前向散射进行准直后,便得到用于 穿透被检物体 105的前向散射辐射 103b。前向散射辐射 103b为一扇面的 X射线 束, 平均能量要明显低于射线束 102a, 并且与射线束 102a互相平行。 前向散射 的中心点为散射体的中心点。
前向散射辐射 103b与物体 105相互作用后, 被物体 105衰减后的辐射即为 穿透辐射 103c。 探测器阵列 104b为一适合探测较低剂量的探测器系统。 穿透辐
IP080151 射 103c被 104b探测到后也将通过传输控制系统传送到数据处理工作站,并被记 录保存下来, 并由数据处理工作站中的处理器进行后面描述的处理过程, 以得到 物体的材料属性。
被检物体 105和其他包括辐射源在内的所有检测系统之间存在相对勾速的 位移。 在这里可以认为物体 105在垂直射线束 102a和 103b的方向上以匀速 V 朝一个方向运动。因此, 分别由探测器阵列 104a和 104b探测并记录下来的值可 以根据速度 V的和辐射源发射 X射线的频率来对匹配射线束 102a和 103b对物 体的同一体素相互作用后的穿透值。当辐射源是 101为连续模式的辐射源时,如 放射性同位素的放射源, 可以根据探测器的采集频率来对精确匹配探测值。
辐射源 101可以经过像图 2A那样的准直系统得到两束 X射线。 准直器 201 将作为图 1中的所示的准直系统 109, 其为一圆柱体状, 由高 Z材料构成。
图 2A中的狭缝 202是用于产生 102a的准直缝, 如侧视图所示, 圆柱体中 间开的缝为一喇叭口状,以实现射线束 102a是一点源形式的成像方法。狭缝 203 用于产生射线束 103a。 狭缝 202和 203之间成一 Θ角。 狭缝 203可以是一喇叭 状的准直缝, 这时发射的射线束 103a也为一扇形束。
作为另一实施例,该狭缝 203也可以是一细窄的长方形准直缝,此时发射的 射线束 103a则为一笔形束。
当射线束 103a为一扇形束时,为了实现点源成像的方式,可以将图 2B中的 准直器 205a作为图 1中的准直系统 108。 准直器 205a的准直缝与射线束 103a 的扇面相垂直。也就是说, 如果准直器 205b是产生射线 103a的准直缝, 例如狭 缝 203,则在位置 108处放置的准直器将是准直器 205a,此时准直器 205a和 205b 将正交得到一产生一个笔形状射线束的准直系统即 205c, 从而实现入射到散射. 体的线束为一笔形细束,并使得散射体是近似点源发射散射。这就保证了整个前 向散射成像系统仍然是个点源成像系统。
当散射体为一较大体积的球状体的情况下,为了满足点源成像对点源大小的 要求, 还需要对产生的前向散射射线进行方向上的准直。 将图 1 中的准直系统 107实现为一个辐射发散状的准直器, 如图 2C和图 2D所示的准直器 206。
准直器 206可以由高 Z材料制成,并采用线切割或相关的激光工艺得到辐射 状的通孔。 该扇形准直系统是以散射体 106的中心为发散的中心。 由散射体 106 产生的散射辐射,将通过这些发散状的准直通孔向外发射。从而形成一扇面的前
IP080151 向散射射线束 103b, 进一步保证了点源成像对点源的大小限制。
此外, 散射体也可以不是一球状体而是采用立方体状。在这种情况下, 需要. 釆用一双喇叭状的准直系统如图 2E中的准直器 222所示。 辐射源产生的射线束
103a与立方体状的散射体 221 相互作用后, 产生的前向散射经过准直系统 222 后向外发射, 与物体相互作用后被探测系统 223所采集。根据成像路径可知, 此 时的成像方式也近似于一点源成像。
对于上述实施例中的散射体,其中心的水平高度与辐射源发射射线的中心水 平高度相同,从而保证两种不同能量的射线的与被检物体发生相互作用的路径相 互平行。
为了进一步提高探测精度,尤其是在探测前向散射辐射的探测器系统上可以 使用一方向准直孔。图 4所示, 由低 Z材料制成的长方柱形散射体 410产生的前 向散射辐射与被检物体 411相互作用以后,经过准直孔 412,进入探测器晶体 413, 从而被探测并记录。 准直孔 412为一立方体的通孔, 由高 Z材料制成。 .
准直孔 412紧挨着探测器晶体 413。'因此只有在垂直与探测晶体的正向探测 面的射线才能进入被探测,其它方向的较低能量的辐射将被准直孔所屏蔽, 提高 了对方向的准直, 进一步提高了探测精度。
图 3示意了本发明实施例的对材料 i只别的流程。根据本发明的实施例, 在对 未知物体的检查之前要先根据已知材料得到材料识别的函数。
在步骤 S110,先通过辐射源 101发射的 X射线 102a和散射体发射的前向散 射辐射 103b与不同厚度的已知材料相互作用的探测得到穿透值。 在这里选用已 知材料是根据材料的原子序数来选择。
在步骤 S120, 匹配两种能量对相同厚度的各种物质的穿透值。 其实可以先 计算这两种能量的透明度, 即 (穿透剂量 /未与被检物体相互作用的辐射剂量)。 然后, 再计算这两种能量的比值。
在步骤 S130, 按照不同材料分组, 根据 S120步骤中得到的比值, 拟合出各 种材料随厚度的变化曲线,该曲线的函数即为识别材料的函数。该函数可以用来 对物体的材料进行识别。
对一未知物体检测时, 在步骤 S210, 采集两种能量与该物体的材料相互作 用后的穿透值, 并做数据匹配。 然后在在步骤 S220中, 根据匹配好的两种能量 的透明度比值求出在 S130中得到的拟合函数的函数值, 用该函数值与已知材料
IP080151 的函数值相比较, 从而判断被检物的材料属性。
最后, 为了使得检查人员能方便的分析结果, 将根据识别结果和灰度信息, 按照预定义的表征颜色表, 根据物质的有效原子序数和灰度而标识为不同的颜 色, 从而产生表示物体的材料属性的特征图像。该图像中不同的物质用不同的颜 色表示。
此外, 图 5为根据本发明实施例利用 X射线的前向散射辐射来实现双能法检 査被检物体的另一结构示意图。 根据本实施例, 辐射源 501以点源方式稳定地对 外发射高能 X射线, 散射体 502直接紧挨着辐射源 501的靶点, 当散射体 502在射 线发射方向上的尺寸不大时, 可以等效地认为用于与被检物体 509相互作用的射 线是以点源形式由散射体 502的中心发射出来。经过散射体 502后的射线经由准直 系统 503后, 分成两束成 Θ角的扇形束 504A和 504B , 与被测物体 509相互作用。 准 直系统 503与上述的准直系统 201的结构相同。 此时, 射线束 504A为射线源直接 发射的辐射再经过散射体后, 得到有着更高能量的硬化后能谱。 而射线束 504B 因为与入射辐射成一定角度, 其能量将会明显小于 504A, 将作为前向散射辐射 来穿透被检物体。与物体相互作用后的穿透辐射 505a, 505b分别被探测器阵列 506 和 507所探测并记录。探测器阵列 506是适合于探测较大剂量的探测器晶体, 而探 测器阵列 507为有更高探测效率的探测晶体。 为进一步提高对穿透辐射在方向上 的准直, 在探测器阵列 507的探测器晶体前可安装准直通孔 508。该准直通孔的结 构和作用与上述的准直孔 412相同。 探测器阵列 507与探测器阵列 506并不平行, 而是成 Θ角, 从而实现探测两种不同能量射线与物体相互作用的穿透值。
虽然该实施例中, 两束不同能量的射线与被检物的相互作用路径不同, 但在 对要求物质识别精度不是很高, 或者被检物较薄时, 这种方法仍有很好的实用价 值。 因为该实施方法的系统相对简单, 而且可'以在很多现有的单能 X射线成像系 统上做升级。
图 6为根据本发明实施例利用 X射线的前向散射辐射来实现双能法检査被检 物体的又一结构示意图。 图 6中的采用双靶的加速器作为辐射源。 附图标记 607 表示一束电子束, 在加速管中被加速。 附图标记 601为一粒子偏转系统, 通过预 设定的时序控制该系统。
当要得到高能的 X射线时, 粒子偏转系统 601不让电子束 607产生偏转, 电子 束 607经过偏转系统 601后, 按照原来的方向 607b飞行, 并轰击金属靶 603的第一
IP080151 部分后, 产生高能 X射线。 (确保此处的删除不会导致公开不充分) X射线经过准 直系统 605后, 成一扇形状射线束 608b。射线束 608b与被检物体 609相互垂直, 在 与被检物发生相互作用后, 探测器阵列 610b探测并记录, 该高能 X射线与物体相 互作用后的穿透值。 如图 6所示, 靶 603的两个部分成一定角度, 不同角度的粒子 束被加速后, 轰击与其相应的靶区, 产生不同角度的两束 X射线。
当要得到能量较低的 X射线时, 电子束 607经过偏转系统 601时,偏转系统 601 使电子束偏转一定的角度 Θ后, 按路径 607a向前飞行。附图标记 602为一粒子聚焦 系统,偏转后的电子束在见过粒子聚焦系统 602时被很好地聚焦后轰击金属靶 603 的第二部分, 产生高能 X射线。 附图标记 604表示一与靶 603的第二部分的形状完 全相同的散射体。 散射体 604紧挨着靶 603的第二部分, 而且与靶 603有相同的水 平高度。 在垂直于被检物的运动方向上, 散射体 604与产生高能射线 608b的金属 靶 603的第二部分对齐。 由散射体 604产生的前向散射经过准直器 605后成一扇形 状的射线束 608a。 前向散射辐射 608a和 608b相互平行。前向散射辐射 608a与被检 物 609相互作用后, 被探测器阵列 610a釆集并记录。 附图标记 610b和 610a分别适 合探测大剂量和小剂量的 X射线。 匹配两探测器阵列对物体同一体素的探测值, 从而实现物质材料属性的识别。
此外, 在上述所有的实施例中, 对两种能量的射线釆用不同的探测晶体的方 法也可以根据实际情况都采用较高探测效率的探测器晶体。
上面的描述仅用于实现本发明的实施方式, 本领域的技术人员应该理解, 在 不脱离本发明的范围的任何修改或局部替换,均应该属于本发明的权利要求来限 定的范围, 因此, 本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。
Claims
1、 一种利用前向散射辐射检査物体的方法, 包括步骤- 探测辐射源产生的第一辐射与被检物体相互作用后的第一穿透值; 使辐射源产生的第二辐射与散射体相互作用,以产生与该第二辐射成预定角 度的前向散射辐射;
探测该前向散射辐射与被检物体相互作用后的第二穿透值; 以及 利用探测的第一穿透值和第二穿透值来获取该被检物体的材料属性信息。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中, 所述第一辐射和所述第二辐射由同一 辐射源产生。
3、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的方法, 其中, 所述辐射源为 X光机、 放射性同 位素或粒子加速器。
4、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的方法, 其中, 所述第一辐射和所述第二辐射的 发射路径相同或者是同一辐射的两个部分。
5、 如权利要求 1或 2所述的方法, 其中, 所述第一辐射和所述第二辐射的 发射路径成一角度。
6、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中,. 所述的前向散射辐射与所述第一辐射 的发射路径平行。
7、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中, 所述的散射体由低 Z材料构成。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的方法, 其中所述低 Z材料包括 C、 B和有机材料的 至少之一。
9、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中, 在所述第一辐射与探测器之间设置至 少一个准直系统。
10、 如权利要求 1 所述的方法, 其中, 在所述散射体与探测器之间设置至 少一个准直系统。
11、 如权利要求 10所述的方法, 其中, 所述的准直系统是一放射状的扇形 准直器。
12、 如权利要求 10或 11所述的方法, 其中, 所述的准直系统使得散射体 产生的前向散射成一扇面后, 与被检物体相互作用。
13、 如权利要求 10所述的方法, 其中, 所述的准直系统紧挨着探测器系统
IP080151 而设置。
14、 如权利要求 10或 13所述的方法, 其中, 所述的准直系统为具有一系 列通孔的准直孔, 每一个探测器前设置有一准直孔。
15、 如权利要求 14所述的方法, 其中, 所述的准直孔放置于以散射体中心 为圆心的弧线上。
16、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中, 所述的辐射源是双靶粒子加速器。
17、 如权利要求 16所述的方法, 其中, 所述的双靶粒子加速器利用粒子偏 转系统使加速的粒子产生偏转, 以轰击双靶至少之一。
18、 如权利要求 16所述的方法, 其中, 所述的双靶如下设置: 在垂直于被 检物体运动方向上的位置有偏差。
19、 如权利要求 18所述的方法, 其中, 给偏转方向的靶加上散射体, 以及 散射体的中心与未偏转方向的靶在垂直于被检物体运动方向上对齐。
20、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中, 所述的对前向散射辐射的探测采用 的是高灵敏度的探测器晶体。
21、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中, 所述的识别物质材料属性的步骤包 括:
分别计算第一福射和散射辐射对同一体素的衰减值。
22、如权利要求 21所述的方法, 还包括根据两个平行辐射间的距离对同一 体素衰减值的匹配过程。
23、 如权利要求 21所述的方法, 其中, 所述的物质材料属性是指该物体中 所含物质的等效原子序数。
24、 如权利要求 21所述的方法, 其中, 所述的识别材料的步骤包括: 利用预先对已知材料属性的物质进行采样, 并通过采样点拟合得到用于识 别未知材料属性的区分函数。
25、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中所述预定角度小于 15度。
26、 一种利用前向散射辐射检査物体的设备, 包括:
产生高能射线的辐射源;
第一准直系统, 使得辐射源可产生扇形的第一辐射, 同时产生与第一辐射 成预定角度的第二辐射;
散射体, 用于从所述第二辐射产生前向散射辐射;
第二准直系统, 让散射体产生的前向散射辐射以一点源形式向被检物体发 射扇形束;
第一探测器阵列, 用于探测第一辐射穿透被检物体的第一穿透值; 第二探测器阵列, 用于探测前向散射辐射穿透被检物体的第二穿透值; 以 及
与第一和第二探测器阵列相连的处理器, 用于对第一和第二探测值进行处 理, 得到物体的材料属性。
27、如权利要求 26所述的设备,其中,所述的第二辐射为扇形束或笔形束。
28、 如权利要求 26所述的设备, 其中, 所述第一辐射与经过准直后的前向 散射辐射相平行。
29、 如权利要求 26所述的设备, 其中, 所述的辐射源是粒子加速器、 X光 机或放射性同位素。
30、 如权利要求 26所述的设备, 其中, 所述的散射体的中心与产生辐射源 的发射点在同一水平高度。
31、 如权利要求 26所述的设备, 其中, 所述第二准直系统为一由重金属构 成的辐射状准直器, 辐射的中心点为散射体的中心。
32、 如权利要求 26所述的设备, 其特征在于, 所述的第二准直系统是一双 喇叭口状的准直系统。
33、 如权利要求 26所述的设备, 其特征在于, 所述第一探测器阵列和所述 第二探测器阵列相互平行, 并在垂直于物体运动方向上对齐。
34、 一种利用前向散射辐射检查物体的设备, 包括:
能产生成预定角度的第一辐射和第二辐射的加速器;
用于从第二辐射产生前向散射辐射的散射体;
第一准直系统, 让第一辐射成扇形状发射;
第二准直系统, 让第二辐射与散射体相互作用后产生的前向散射成扇形状 发射;
第一探测器阵列, 用于探测第一辐射穿透被捡物体的第一穿透值; 第二探测器阵列, 用于探测前向散射辐射穿透被检物体的第二穿透值; 与第一和第二探测器阵列相连的处理器,'用于对第一和第二穿透值进行处 理, 得到物体的材料属性;
IP080151 控制系统, 与所述的加速器和所述第一和第二探测器阵列连接, 用于改变 辖射源的工作参数, 以及与探测器系统的同步釆集。
35、 如权利要求 34所述的设备, 其中, 所述的散射体的中心与第一辐射的 发射点在同一水平高度。
36、 如权利要求 34所述的设备, 其中, 所述第一辐射与经过准直后的前向 散射辐射相平行。
37、 如权利要求 34所述的设备, 其中, 所述第一准直系统和第二准直系统 完全相同。
38、 如权利要求 34所述的设备, 其中, 所述第一探测器阵列和所述第二探 测器阵列相互平行, 并在垂直于物体运动方向上对齐。
39、 一种利用前向散射辐射检查物体的设备, 包括:
能产生成高能射线的辐射源;
用于从所述高能射线产生前向散射辐射的散射体;
第一探测器阵列, 用于探测第一辐射穿透被检物体的第一穿透值; 第二探测器阵列, 用于探测前向散射辐射穿透被检物体的第二穿透值; 第一准直系统, 用于第一探测器阵列;
第二准直系统, 用于第二组探测器阵列, 用于准直与第一辐射成一定角度 的前向散射;
与所述第一和第二探测器阵列相连的处理器, 用于对第一和第二穿透值进 行处理, 以得到物体的材料属性。
40、 如权利要求 39所述的设备, 其中, 所述散射体位于辐射源前, 用于产 生前向散射辐射。
41、 如权利要求 39所述的设备, 其中, 所述的第一探测器阵列和第二探测 器阵列在垂直于物体运动方向上有偏差。
42、 如权利要求 39所述的设备, 其中, 所述的处理器适用于匹配两束不同 辐射与物体同一部分相互作用后的穿透值。 .
43、 如权利要求 39所述的设备, 其中, 所述的第二准直系统排列成一圆弧, 该圆弧的圆心即为散射体的中心。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107966277A (zh) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-04-27 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | 基于椭球面漫反射白板的近背向散射光时间测量系统 |
| CN110504550A (zh) * | 2019-09-09 | 2019-11-26 | 江苏易珩空间技术有限公司 | 一种辐射和散射一体化信息超构材料表面及其应用 |
| CN116087244A (zh) * | 2023-04-06 | 2023-05-09 | 之江实验室 | 一种多材料诊断方法、装置及应用 |
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| CN103913473B (zh) * | 2012-12-31 | 2017-02-08 | 清华大学 | Ct设备及其方法 |
| CN103245681B (zh) * | 2013-05-10 | 2016-05-04 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | 中子伽玛联合测量装置 |
| EP3051318B1 (en) | 2015-01-27 | 2018-06-13 | Detection Technology OY | Ionizing radiation image data correction |
| CN107966460B (zh) * | 2017-12-26 | 2024-05-10 | 清华大学 | 辐射检查系统和辐射检查方法 |
| CN110779939B (zh) | 2018-07-11 | 2020-12-29 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | 双模探测方法、控制器和系统 |
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