WO2009129530A1 - Récipient de structure composite et système de transport pour gaz liquéfiés - Google Patents

Récipient de structure composite et système de transport pour gaz liquéfiés Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009129530A1
WO2009129530A1 PCT/US2009/041106 US2009041106W WO2009129530A1 WO 2009129530 A1 WO2009129530 A1 WO 2009129530A1 US 2009041106 W US2009041106 W US 2009041106W WO 2009129530 A1 WO2009129530 A1 WO 2009129530A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composite
vessel
composite vessel
layer
inner liner
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2009/041106
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Richard Brown
Ronald Chad Porter
Brian Spencer
Daniel Guy Pomerleau
Original Assignee
Ferus Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ferus Inc. filed Critical Ferus Inc.
Priority to CA2728903A priority Critical patent/CA2728903A1/fr
Publication of WO2009129530A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009129530A1/fr
Priority to US12/777,759 priority patent/US20100213198A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
    • F17C1/04—Protecting sheathings
    • F17C1/06—Protecting sheathings built-up from wound-on bands or filamentary material, e.g. wires
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329—Foam
    • F17C2203/0333—Polyurethane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0604—Liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629—Two walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F17C2203/0643—Stainless steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/066—Plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F17C2203/0665—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments radially wound
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F17C2203/0668—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments axially wound
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F17C2203/067—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments helically wound
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0305—Bosses, e.g. boss collars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0379—Manholes or access openings for human beings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/21—Shaping processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/21—Shaping processes
    • F17C2209/2109—Moulding
    • F17C2209/2145—Moulding by rotation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/225—Spraying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/013—Carbone dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0408—Level of content in the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0626—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0636—Flow or movement of content
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/012—Reducing weight
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/015—Facilitating maintenance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/016—Preventing slosh
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/018—Adapting dimensions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/061—Fluid distribution for supply of supplying vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0171—Trucks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a composite structure vessel and transportation system for liquefied gases.
  • CO 2 injection is the most commonly used enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique.
  • EOR enhanced oil recovery
  • Liquid nitrogen is primarily used in Coal Bed Methane (CBM) applications.
  • CBM Coal Bed Methane
  • N 2 is injected at high rates into a CBM well.
  • the pressure build-up eventually causes fracturing mechanics to occur (i.e. causes seams in the rock formation to expand) opening channels for methane to flow to the wellbore for capture.
  • the liquefied carbon dioxide and nitrogen gases are manufactured at specialized cryogenic plants. These cryogenic plants are ideally, strategically located across an area such that they are located as close as possible to the customers and are built at locations based on the actual or anticipated demand for the liquefied gases such that the transportation costs for the gases between the well site and gas plant can be optimized.
  • cryogenic plants are ideally, strategically located across an area such that they are located as close as possible to the customers and are built at locations based on the actual or anticipated demand for the liquefied gases such that the transportation costs for the gases between the well site and gas plant can be optimized.
  • the end-result is that significant volumes of liquefied gases will be transported significant distances between a cryogenic plant and a specific well site.
  • liquefied gases are transported to a specific well site using specialized trailers with tankers designed to withstand the temperatures and pressures of a specific cryogenic cargo.
  • tanker for liquid carbon dioxide it is typical to use a tanker that can safely contain the liquefied product at approximately 300 psi and a temperature of -50 0 C whereas in the case of a tanker for transporting liquid nitrogen, it is typical to use a tanker that can safely contain the liquid nitrogen at atmospheric to 50 psi pressure and -170 0 C.
  • a typical liquid carbon dioxide tanker usually has an insulated carbon steel structure whereas a liquid nitrogen tanker usually has a vacuum-sealed dual-wall stainless steel structure. Both tankers may incorporate insulation on the inner surfaces to limit heat gain from the exterior of the vessel. In the case of liquid nitrogen, insulation is of particular importance.
  • the total trailer weight (trailer plus payload) and the dimensions of heavy vehicles used in intra- and inter- provincial/state transportation are subject to strict federal and provincial/state standards. For example, in the province of Alberta, Canada, maximum legal weights for a Tridem Drive Truck - Tridem Semi Trailer are shown in Table 1. The normal maximum total weight of cargo and tanker permitted in the United States is typically about 35,000 kg. [0010] Table 1- Tridem Drive Truck - Tridem Semi Trailer Legal Weights
  • cryogenic plants may cause one tanker type to be driven significant distances without a cargo and/or during a period of reduced industry activity, a fleet of specialized tankers may be inactive. For example, when CBM activity is reduced as a result of lower gas prices, a liquid nitrogen tanker may see lower utilization.
  • US Patent 5,419,139, US Patent 6,047,747, US Patent 6,708,502, US Patent 7,147,124, US Patent 6,460,721 US Patent 3,163,313 each describes various vessel structures for transporting single gases/liquid gases.
  • US Patent 1,835,699, US Patent 3,147,877, US Patent 3,325,037, US Patent 3,406,857 and US Patent 7,024,868 describe various pressure vessels.
  • US Patent 5,385,263 describes a transportation system for compressed gas using composite cylinders.
  • a composite vessel for operative connection to a truck trailer system for transporting at least two gas products within the composite vessel at different times, the composite vessel comprising: an inner liner for contacting a gas product within the composite vessel; a composite layer operatively connected to the inner liner, the composite layer including a plurality of resin-impregnated fiber layers wound to provide pressure and structural integrity to the composite vessel while transporting each gas product; a thermal insulation layer operatively bonded to the exterior of the composite layer for providing a thermal barrier between the interior and exterior of the composite vessel; and, an outer protective layer operatively bonded to the thermal insulation layer for providing abrasion and impact resistance to the thermal insulation layer during truck movement.
  • each of the inner liner, composite layer and thermal insulation layer have a heat transfer coefficient that minimizes atmospheric gas loss to less than 2% of the total volume of gas product from the composite vessel over a 24 hour time period at ambient temperatures.
  • the composite vessel is cylindrical having isotensoid geodesic ends.
  • Each isotensoid geodesic end will preferably include a penetration extending from the exterior to the interior of the vessel with each penetration supporting a boss and a seal ring operatively connected to the composite vessel between the inner liner and composite layer adjacent the penetration.
  • the composite layer includes a plurality of alternating helical and hoop wound layers.
  • the helical layers are wound at an angle of ⁇ 15-25° to the longitudinal axis of the vessel and the hoop layers are wound at ⁇ 80-90° to the longitudinal axis of the vessel.
  • the invention provides a method of manufacturing a composite vessel having an inner liner, composite layer, insulating layer and protective layer, the composite vessel for operative connection to a truck trailer system for transporting at least two gas products within the composite vessel at different times, comprising the steps of: assembling the inner liner and two pairs of a boss and a seal ring on a supporting axle; rotating the assembled liner about a longitudinal axis of the supporting axle and applying layers of resin-impregnated fiber over the liner at series of desired angles to form a composite vessel; allowing the composite vessel to cure; applying the insulating layer to the exterior of the vessel; and, assembling the protective layer onto the exterior of the insulating layer.
  • the invention provides a tanker trailer comprising: a tridem trailer; a composite vessel for operative connection to the tridem trailer, the composite vessel for transporting at least two gas products within the composite vessel at different times, the composite vessel having: an inner liner for contacting a gas product within the composite vessel; a composite layer operatively bonded to the inner liner, the composite layer including a plurality of resin-impregnated fiber layers wound to provide pressure and structural integrity to the composite vessel while transporting each gas product; a thermal insulation layer operatively bonded to the exterior of the composite layer for providing a thermal barrier between the interior and exterior of the composite vessel; and, an outer protective layer operatively bonded to the thermal insulation layer for providing abrasion and impact resistance to the thermal insulation layer during truck movement.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional drawing of a composite tank in accordance with one embodiment of the invention showing detail of a boss and sealing system.
  • a composite structure for transporting different cryogenic liquids within the same vessel at different times.
  • a composite structure system is described for storing and transporting both liquefied carbon dioxide and nitrogen. The composite structure results in a significant weight reduction in the empty weight of tanker system thus enabling approximately 20% more cargo to be transported by a single tanker.
  • the structure of the composite vessel in accordance with the invention is comprised of various layers of material as outlined in Table 4.
  • the system 10 includes an outer protective layer 12, an insulation layer 14, a structural composite layer 16 and inner liner 18.
  • the composite vessel will also include at least two bosses 20, one of which will be permanently sealed according to safety regulations, the other for accessing the interior from either end of the vessel.
  • Each of these layers are described in greater detail below:
  • the outer protective layer provides wear and corrosion protection to the underlying structures.
  • the outer protective layer has a nominal thickness of 2-3mm and may be a thin metal layer such as stainless steel or a composite material such as fiberglass. In addition to protection this layer may also assist in concealing the cargo. It is preferred that the outer protective layer is light weight in order to not substantially contribute to the overall weight of the vessel and cargo.
  • the insulation layer is the primary thermal barrier between the exterior and interior of the vessel.
  • the insulation layer has a nominal thickness of 120 mm.
  • a preferred insulating material is polyurethane foam (2-2.5 Ib density) spray coated to the underlying composite layer.
  • the insulation layer will also provide impact protection to the main structural composite layer 16.
  • the composite structural layer 16 is the main structural layer of the vessel and is comprised of composite layers of carbon-fiber and/or fiber-glass within a resin matrix. Other fibers may also be used, such as basalt, polyethelyne, Kevlar, etc. as known to those skilled in the art. For most systems, the composite layer will have a nominal thickness of 6-8 mm.
  • the composite layer is preferably comprised of sub-layers of resin-impregnated fibers wound at varying orientations to provide multi-axis structural strength to the vessel including burst, torque and bending strength.
  • circumferentially (or hoop) wrapped fibers are used to provide structural strength in a radial direction with respect to the vessel's horizontal/longitudinal axis (i.e. burst strength) whereas longitudinally or helically wrapped fibers (or fibers wrapped at smaller angles relative to the vessel's horizontal/longitudinal axis) generally provide strength along a transverse axis of the vessel.
  • the combination of the two layers provides bending/torque strength.
  • the composite layer also provides an additional thermal barrier to the interior of the vessel.
  • the composite structural layer will be carbon fiber consisting of distinct layers of wound fiber that are wound at different angles (both positive and negative angles) to the horizontal axis of the vessel.
  • first layer may comprise two winds of helically wound carbon fiber, wound at an angle of approximately 15-25 degrees to the horizontal axis. The wind angle will generally be determined during design of a specific tank using known mathematical modelling techniques that seek to minimize void space and resin volume within a composite matrix while maximizing the fiber volume ratio for a given boss diameter and end radius (i.e.
  • a geodesic isotensoid dome described in greater detail below
  • a geodesic isotensoid dome described in greater detail below
  • 18.7 degrees may be a preferred wind angle at both positive and negative wind angles.
  • a larger ratio would generally require a larger wind angle.
  • a second layer may comprise circumferentially wound carbon fiber, wound at an angle between 80 and 90 degrees to the horizontal axis (wound at both positive and negative wind angles).
  • Each of the first and second layers may then be alternated as desired or in accordance with another sequence to form a vessel having a desired hoop:helical stress ratio.
  • the vessel will comprise approximately 18 hoop layers interspersed with 6 helical layers resulting in a total nominal thickness of approximately 5-8mm.
  • the inner liner layer provides both payload contaminant protection and an additional thermal barrier to the interior of the vessel.
  • the inner liner layer has a nominal thickness of 6mm and may be comprised of a suitable polymeric material such as a polyethylene, epoxy, dicyclopentadiene and/or urethane having a low porosity. Stainless steel can also be used as a liner.
  • the liner may be manufactured by roto-molding as a single component or as multiple components and welded together.
  • the composite vessel will also preferably include internal baffles to minimize product shifting (sloshing) during transport.
  • the baffles are polyethylene baffles welded to the vessel liner after assembly of the vessel.
  • a boss 20 is located at each end of the vessel.
  • One or more additional bosses 20a may also be located at other locations where penetrations through the cylindrical wall of the vessel are desired or necessary.
  • the vessel 10 has both a cylindrical mid-section 10a and geodesic isotensoid dome ends 10a. As such, there are three main functions of the end bosses.
  • the first is to provide a finite radius polar fitting at the terminus of the geodesic isotensoid dome.
  • the radius of each polar end boss will depend on the diameter of the tank and the helical wind angle used in the filament winding process.
  • the second function of the end boss is to transmit forces acting on the boss and cap 26 from the pressurized fluid inside the tank to the vessel structures. That is, these loads are transmitted via a radial flange 22a that is contoured to match the geodesic dome contour.
  • the third function of the end boss is to provide a port for instrumentation, maintenance of internal components, or any other purpose.
  • any additional bosses penetrating the cylindrical wall will vary depending on the purpose of the opening. Typical purposes include fluid inlets or outlets, instrumentation ports, or inspection ports, for example. The size and shape of these bosses will depend on their function and location on the tank, as well as tank geometry and other factors. Each boss may be fabricated from metal, polymer, ceramic, glass, composite or other materials as known to those skilled in the art.
  • both the boss 22 and composite layer 16 will include appropriate tapers in order to maximize the strength at boss/composite interface.
  • Maximum thickness of both the composite layer and boss will be incorporated closest the opening in order to maximize strength of the vessel adjacent to and around the opening. That is, the composite layer will taper to the nominal composite layer thickness away from the opening and, similarly, the boss will also taper from a greater thickness adjacent the opening to a narrow end away from the opening.
  • Each boss where fluid inlet or outlet plumbing will not be attached will require a cap 26 that may be configured for other purposes.
  • an instrumentation port will be sealed with a cap that has features necessary for attachment of a particular transducer and for transmission of the transducer's signal from the inside of the tank to the outside.
  • the cap like the boss, can be made from virtually any solid material.
  • the caps will be made from compression molded carbon fiber composite with a hydro-formed liner of stainless steel or aluminium.
  • composite material can be porous, a metal lining will prevent fluid from seeping into the composite, potentially causing the composite material to swell or the microstructure to weaken.
  • the cap will interface and seal with the boss using an appropriate lock and seal system.
  • the vessel includes a seal ring 24 to prevent fluid from flowing between the tank liner and a particular boss.
  • the seal ring may be manufactured from any suitable material including stainless steel and includes a cylindrical bore 24b and a conical outer surface concentric with the bore that interfaces with a matching conical surface on the tank liner.
  • the seal ring is secured within the boss 22 by an array of fasteners 22a that pass through the boss 22 to engage with the cylindrical bore 24b.
  • the fastener 22a causes a series of redundant Hp seals, glands, or ridges 24a to tighten against both the liner 18 and boss 22 to prevent fluid from flowing between the seal ring and the liner 18 and boss 22 at the conical interface. As a result, pressurized fluid is prevented from entering the region where the boss meets the tank liner.
  • the conical wedge seal ring design is intended to allow the pressurized fluid inside the tank to activate the sealing mechanism. Pressure acting on the exposed face of the seal ring forces the seal ring deeper into the conical pocket where it seals against the liner and boss.
  • the conical wedge seal ring design provides a mechanism for compensating for any creep, a phenomenon characteristic of polymers that may be used for the liner. [0059] As a result, this design allows for a simplification of maintenance procedures wherein, for example, service personnel will adjust the tension in the fastener 22a to pull the seal ring into the pocket.
  • the fastener 22a may be provided with a tensioning system that provides a constant force on the seal ring throughout its expected range of movement during the design service life of the tank.
  • a tensioning system that provides a constant force on the seal ring throughout its expected range of movement during the design service life of the tank.
  • helical coil springs 22b might be installed beneath a fastener screw head that are tightened in order to pull the seal ring into the pocket. The coil springs 22b would then provide a constant tension in the fasteners to compensate for any polymer tank liner material creep at the seal interface such that as any creep occurs, the seal ring will move deeper into the pocket.
  • the inner liner may be manufactured as a single component by roto-molding or assembled from smaller extruded/molded components.
  • the inner liner is assembled onto a supporting axle together with the bosses and seal ring. That is, preferably the end bosses, seal ring and liner are assembled onto a central supporting axle wherein the bosses, seal rings and liner are secured together. If necessary, the inner liner once assembled on the supporting axle may be moderately pressurized in order to increase the rigidity of the structure for winding.
  • the supporting axle is rotated and appropriate layers of resin-impregnated fiber are laid down over the liner at the desired angles.
  • the vessel is allowed to cure for an appropriate time period based on the resin- system utilized.
  • the selection of the resin-system must consider a cure time and associated thermal characteristics to ensure that a thermoplastic liner is not damaged during curing. e. After curing, the insulation layer and outer protective layer are assembled on the cured vessel. f. The supporting axle is removed and any finishing is completed including the assembly of anti-slosh baffles within the vessel.
  • tanker/trailer system will also incorporate compartments for housing appropriate hoses/tools typically required for connecting the fluid delivery (pump and piping) systems to external equipment as appropriate valve, piping and openings connected to or as part of the vessel.
  • the system will generally meet the appropriate US and Canadian codes to operate on Canadian and US highways as understood by those skilled in the art. While there are no specific regulations governing the design criteria for such a tanker/trailer system, it is understood that the system will be designed to comply with the primary integrity, safety and testing criteria as required by US and Canadian regulations. Specifically, it is intended that the tank design and test procedures for the integrity of the tank will comply with Canadian Standards Association B620-03 (Highway Tanks and Portable Tanks for the Transportation of Dangerous Goods), applicable sections of Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 49 and ASME code Section 10 which are incorporated herein by reference. [0069] Advantages
  • the composite vessel as described herein provides the following advantages over past systems.
  • the system provides economic advantages over conventional tanker systems. Primarily, by enabling an approximate 20% increase in cargo capacity for a given total maximum weight of a loaded tanker and trailer, a liquefied product supplier can effectively deliver 20% more cargo for an equivalent shipping cost.
  • U - [0072] when a shipper is obtaining product from a number of geographically distributed gas plants, the ability of the current design to accommodate different cargoes may be used to optimize the deployment of a fleet of tankers to different gas plants and customers. That is, based on customer demand, customer location, and gas plant location, a common fleet of tankers may be deployed to ensure that each tanker is traveling a minimum distance between a customer and gas plant based on current demand. Importantly, if tankers do not necessarily have to return to a specific type of gas plant, the distance a tanker may travel to obtain a new cargo may be minimized.
  • the systems and methods described herein may also be adapted for use in hauling of other industrial gases including oxygen for chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturers, hydrogen for fuel cells or rare gases such as krypton, neon or xenon for lighting, lasers, or medical imaging.
  • other industrial gases including oxygen for chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturers, hydrogen for fuel cells or rare gases such as krypton, neon or xenon for lighting, lasers, or medical imaging.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

L’invention concerne un récipient de structure composite et un système de transport pour les gaz liquéfiés, ainsi que leurs procédés de fabrication. Plus spécifiquement, le système comprend un récipient composite permettant la connexion fonctionnelle à un système de voie de remorquage afin de transporter au moins deux produits gazeux comme du dioxyde de carbone et de l'azote liquide à l'intérieur du récipient composite à des moments différents. Le récipient composite comprend une doublure interne, une couche composite comprenant une pluralité de couches de fibres imprégnées de résine, une couche d'isolation thermique, et une couche de protection externe.
PCT/US2009/041106 2008-04-18 2009-04-20 Récipient de structure composite et système de transport pour gaz liquéfiés WO2009129530A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2728903A CA2728903A1 (fr) 2008-04-18 2009-04-20 Recipient de structure composite et systeme de transport pour gaz liquefies
US12/777,759 US20100213198A1 (en) 2008-04-18 2010-05-11 Composite structure vessel and transportation system for liquefied gases

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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US4601708P 2008-04-18 2008-04-18
US61/046,017 2008-04-18
US42598209A 2009-04-17 2009-04-17
US12/425,982 2009-04-17

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Cited By (5)

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WO2013083161A1 (fr) * 2011-12-05 2013-06-13 Blue Wave Co S.A. Récipient sous pression accessible stratifié pour stockage et transport de gnc
WO2013083178A1 (fr) * 2011-12-05 2013-06-13 Blue Wave Co S.A. Récipient sous pression composite monocouche
WO2013142178A1 (fr) * 2012-03-22 2013-09-26 Mag Ias, Llc Procédé de fabrication d'une bouteille à gaz comprimé
US11333300B2 (en) 2016-08-09 2022-05-17 Hyundai Motor Company High pressure tank
DE102020134633A1 (de) 2020-12-22 2022-06-23 Voith Patent Gmbh Drucktank für gasbetriebenes Fahrzeug

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US2675682A (en) * 1954-04-20 Tank fob transporting liquid
US3535179A (en) * 1965-10-29 1970-10-20 Dryden Hugh L Method of making a filament-wound container
US3312575A (en) * 1966-03-07 1967-04-04 Jr George T Corbin Method of making metallic-lined pressure vessel
DE2516395A1 (de) * 1974-04-19 1975-11-06 Martin Marietta Corp Druckbehaelter und verfahren zur herstellung des druckbehaelters
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013083161A1 (fr) * 2011-12-05 2013-06-13 Blue Wave Co S.A. Récipient sous pression accessible stratifié pour stockage et transport de gnc
WO2013083178A1 (fr) * 2011-12-05 2013-06-13 Blue Wave Co S.A. Récipient sous pression composite monocouche
CN104094035A (zh) * 2011-12-05 2014-10-08 蓝波股份有限公司 用于压缩天然气的储存和运输的分层可检查的压力容器
CN104254729A (zh) * 2011-12-05 2014-12-31 蓝波股份有限公司 单层复合物压力容器
WO2013142178A1 (fr) * 2012-03-22 2013-09-26 Mag Ias, Llc Procédé de fabrication d'une bouteille à gaz comprimé
US11333300B2 (en) 2016-08-09 2022-05-17 Hyundai Motor Company High pressure tank
DE102020134633A1 (de) 2020-12-22 2022-06-23 Voith Patent Gmbh Drucktank für gasbetriebenes Fahrzeug

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