WO2009118190A2 - Application of basic exchange os materials for lower temperature catalytic oxidation of particulates - Google Patents
Application of basic exchange os materials for lower temperature catalytic oxidation of particulates Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009118190A2 WO2009118190A2 PCT/EP2009/002263 EP2009002263W WO2009118190A2 WO 2009118190 A2 WO2009118190 A2 WO 2009118190A2 EP 2009002263 W EP2009002263 W EP 2009002263W WO 2009118190 A2 WO2009118190 A2 WO 2009118190A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- solid solution
- oxide
- base metal
- mixed oxide
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title abstract description 38
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 oxygen ion Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910004625 Ce—Zr Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-O oxonium Chemical compound [OH3+] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 33
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 77
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 64
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 27
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 27
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 15
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 15
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910003134 ZrOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 8
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KTUFCUMIWABKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxolanthaniooxy)lanthanum Chemical compound O=[La]O[La]=O KTUFCUMIWABKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 6
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Hf]=O CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 5
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229960004418 trolamine Drugs 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012987 post-synthetic modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002637 Pr6O11 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 3
- AGGKEGLBGGJEBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylenedisulfotetramine Chemical compound C1N(S2(=O)=O)CN3S(=O)(=O)N1CN2C3 AGGKEGLBGGJEBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZFYIQPIHXRFFCZ-QMMMGPOBSA-N (2s)-2-(cyclohexylamino)butanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC1CCCCC1 ZFYIQPIHXRFFCZ-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate trihydrate Substances [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DLNUHLNXAUGFKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol;iron Chemical compound [Fe].OCCN(CCO)CCO DLNUHLNXAUGFKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017611 Ag(NH3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003320 CeOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010718 Oxidation Activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- KCZFLPPCFOHPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;iron Chemical compound [AlH3].[Fe] KCZFLPPCFOHPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003042 antagnostic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- RCFVMJKOEJFGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].[Ce] RCFVMJKOEJFGTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001520 comb Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012612 commercial material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011066 ex-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000033444 hydroxylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005805 hydroxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001412 inorganic anion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037427 ion transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- QZRHHEURPZONJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+) dinitrate nonahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QZRHHEURPZONJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MAJZZCVHPGUSPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid nonahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O[N+]([O-])=O MAJZZCVHPGUSPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005373 porous glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/66—Silver or gold
-
- B01J35/56—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0244—Coatings comprising several layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0246—Coatings comprising a zeolite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0248—Coatings comprising impregnated particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
- F01N3/2825—Ceramics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1021—Platinum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1023—Palladium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/202—Alkali metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20761—Copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/40—Mixed oxides
- B01D2255/407—Zr-Ce mixed oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/50—Zeolites
- B01D2255/502—Beta zeolites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/908—O2-storage component incorporated in the catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/91—NOx-storage component incorporated in the catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
- B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
- B01D2259/4566—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for use in transportation means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/83—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with rare earths or actinides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8933—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/894—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with rare earths or actinides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/7007—Zeolite Beta
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0027—Powdering
- B01J37/0036—Grinding
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/16—Oxygen
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the wash-coat formulation itself will typically be a heterogeneous- phase catalyst containing particles of highly active precious group metal (PGM) which are dispersed and stabilised on a refractory oxide support or supports; e.g. alumina, solid solutions / mixed oxide.
- PGM precious group metal
- the washcoat is deposited upon a 'wall-flow' monolith which acts to sieve out the bulk of the soot from the exhaust flow.
- the solid solution materials referred to above are typically based upon mixed oxides of CeO 2 / ZrO 2 are also commonly referred to as Oxygen Storage (OS) materials and are solid electrolytes known for their oxygen ion conductivity characteristic.
- OS Oxygen Storage
- the CeO 2 or other redox active oxide is employed to buffer the catalyst from local variations in the air/fuel ratio during typical catalyst operation e.g. during the active CDPF regeneration cycle or other transient event. They do this by 'releasing' active oxygen from their 3-D structure in a rapid and reproducible manner under oxygen-depleted transients, 'regenerating' this lost oxygen by adsorption from the gaseous phase under oxygen-rich conditions.
- This activity is attributed to the reducibility (reduction - oxidation or redox activity) of CeO 2 via the 2Ce 4+ ⁇ 2Ce 3+ [O 2 ] reaction.
- This high availability of oxygen is critical for the promotion of generic oxidation / reduction chemistries e.g. CO / NO chemistry for the gasoline three-way catalyst, or more recently for the direct catalytic oxidation of particulate matter (soot) in the CDPF e.g. US2005 0282698 Al, SAE 2008-01-0481.
- the synthesis of an OS material containing a specific low valent base metal promoter 'doped' into a Cubic Fluorite structure with high Ce (>50 mol%) and / or low Zr ( ⁇ 30 mol%) contents is not facile and there is significant potential that the synthesis could result in a material with disproportionation into Ce-rich and Ce-poor domains, with a marked decrease in performance.
- a further, and perhaps more significant, drawback of introducing low valent base metal ions within the Cubic Fluorite lattice is that the ions are dispersed throughout the bulk of the crystal structure and thus the surface concentration of the ions may be very low. This in turn limits the extent of the dopant ions to interact directly with the exhaust environment.
- the ability of these ions to provide additional chemical functionality e.g. as a NOx trap to provide transient adsorption of NO and NO 2 is limited by the available concentrations of ions in the surface and immediate sub-surface of the crystal.
- the wall-filter introduces a large back-pressure penalty i.e. a restriction for exhaust flow, resulting in a loss in engine performance due to work being performed to force the flow through the filter.
- This backpressure increases when the filter is wash-coated and increases still further during normal operation as the filtered soot accumulates on the filter wall increasing the thickness of restriction the exhaust flow must overcome.
- the CDPF requires a method to enable combustion of the soot filter cake and thus 'regenerate' the 'clean' filter.
- the active regeneration cycle is achieved by the introduction of 'sacrificial' fuel species into the exhaust. These species are catalytically oxidised, typically over a DOC positioned prior to filter within the exhaust train, to achieve a transient thermal "bloom' within the filter which initiates the conversion of the trapped soot into CO 2 and H 2 O, e.g. see SAE paper 2008-0100481 and references therein which is incorporated herein by reference.
- the basic ion exchange process is in a discrete, post-synthetic modification and hence provides for markedly higher flexibility of composition, dopant ion type and concentration as compared to conventional direct synthetic methods as described in previous work (US 6,468,941 and US 6,585,944).
- the resultant materials demonstrate high activity and hydrothermal durability under all aging conditions examined. This is in contrast to promotion that may be realised by conventional impregnation of an acidic metal e.g. metal nitrate where formation of bulk oxide phases in fresh materials and rapid sintering of such oxide phases which resultant deactivation, is the norm.
- an acidic metal e.g. metal nitrate where formation of bulk oxide phases in fresh materials and rapid sintering of such oxide phases which resultant deactivation, is the norm.
- the method developed provides a wide, and novel, range of materials of stable and highly active OS applications for both gasoline and diesel vehicles.
- the method of this invention enables choice and tailoring of the base metal promotant to introduce specific chemical syner
- high redox activity can be obtained by the modification of solid solutions based on Ce-ZrOx by a mechanism which is proposed, while not wishing to be bound by theory, to involve the basic/alkaline exchange of the pre-existing Ce-OH hydroxyl defect sites that exist within all OS materials.
- the Ce-OH sites are believed to arise at Ce 3+ defect sites within the lattice and the presence of the proton of the hydroxyl group being a requirement for electrical neutrality of the lattice.
- the exchange of the H + atom by metal ions enables the incorporation and stabilisation of specific mono-valent (e.g. K + ), di-valent (e.g. Cu 2+ ), tri-valent (e.g.
- base metals to be incorporated within the mixed oxide in this manner can additionally be based upon oxides known to be active for reactions of especial interest or catalytic importance. Examples include, but are not limited to, direct catalytic soot oxidation, low temperature SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction by urea, NH 3 or hydrocarbons), NOx trapping, low temperature CO-NO or CO-O 2 reaction promoters, hydrocarbon cracking function (e.g. by increasing the acidity of the OS), etc.
- Metals appropriate to these examples include Ag, Cu, Co, Mn, Fe, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or transitions metals, or other metal or metalloid known to form a stable nitrate which can undergo subsequent decomposition and reduction N 2 under conditions within the conventional operational window of the vehicle exhaust.
- transition metal means the 38 elements in Groups 3 to 12 of the Periodic Table of Elements.
- the association of the promotant occurs post-synthesis, and while not wishing to be bound by theory, via a specific ion exchange mechanism and the ions thus introduced and incorporated in a range of sites associated with the Ce 3+ -OH defects and not in any well defined and unique cationic position.
- the method of the present invention enables the introduction of higher concentrations of the base metal ions/ oxide component since the loading is not limited by its solubility within a well- defined mixed oxide matrix of phase purity.
- the loading of effective promotant is limited by the concentration of structural hydroxls within the lattice as are typically associated with point defects or surface terminations of primary crystals.
- Ce 4+ ions when Ce 4+ ions are dispersed into the ZrO 2 lattice the redox activity of Ce 4+ is not negatively impacted but in fact is greatly enhanced, not primarily through modification of the inherent chemistry/reducibility of the Ce 4+ ion itself but more by a geometric mechanism as noted above where all the Ce 4+ ions are now accessible. Further, the presence of the ZrO 2 matrix greatly stabilises the material from surface area loss, crystallite growth and loss of porosity. ZrO 2 may also inhibit or protect Ce 4+ from formation of undesirable stable compounds with the acidic exhaust components such as CO 2 and SO 2 due to the inherent acidity of ZrO 2 relative to CeO 2 .
- the present invention relates to a method of making a OIC/OS host material for treatment of exhaust gases comprising forming a solid solution of a substantially cubic fluorite Ce-ZrOx material as determined by conventional XRD, introducing a base metal element in said material by exchanging pre-existing hydroxyl sites in said Ce-ZrOx material, under high pH conditions, to thereby incorporate and stabilize said base metal element in high dispersion within said Ce-ZrOx material.
- the Ce-ZrOx material of the invention is an OIC/OS material having about 0.5 to about 95 mole % zirconium, about 0.5 to about 90 mole % cerium, and optionally about 0.1 to about 20 mole % R, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of rare earth metal(s), alkaline earth metal(s), and combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing, based upon 100 mole % metal component in the material.
- the Ce-ZrOx material is an OIC/OS material based upon 100 mole % of the material comprising up to about 95 mole % zirconium; up to about 90 mole % cerium; up to about 25 mole % of a stabiliser selected from the group defined in the standard Periodic Table as rare earths, and combinations thereof comprising at least one of the stabilizers.
- the base i.e. non Precious Group metal element is prepared as an alkaline solution, for example as an ammoniacal solution (ammonium hydroxide based solution) with a high pH as for example 8.0 to 9.5.
- the base metal can be a member selected from the group consisting of transition metals, alkali metals, and alkaline earth metals.
- the base metal element can also be introduced as a base metal complex with an organic amine in such cases where stable ammoniacal base metal solutions cannot be prepared.
- a platinum / precious group metal can be added to the OIC/OS material in the conventional way.
- Benefits and features of the present invention include: a) provision of an OS material with enhanced low temperature reactivity and excellent hydrothermal durability; b) no disruption of activity and ancillary catalytic functions of the ion- exchanged adatoms e.g. NOx trap/ SCR, etc.; c) improved performance due to the enhanced stability, higher dispersion and hence high accessibility of the gaseous reactants to the redox active elements; d) advantage of pre-formed OS materials with desirable structural and textural properties e.g.
- OS materials provide only limited, if any, additional synergies to the emission control system.
- ideal material components provide additional integrated chemical mechanisms to further enhance emissions control, e.g. NOx scavenging and reduction to N 2 .
- OS materials are key components in realising highly active and durable vehicular exhaust emissions systems
- the pre-existing synthesis methods and materials present significant limitations to development of the next generation of exhaust catalyst that will be required to comply with newer and ever more stringent emission targets.
- What is required is a new class of OS materials that are active at lower temperatures, especially the Cold Start portion of vehicular applications to promote catalytic function.
- These OS materials should also display high hydrothermal durability and be tolerant to potential exhaust poisons in order to enable their use in the wide range of demanding exhaust environments.
- FIG. 053 31.31% CeO 2 ; 58.48% ZrO 2 /HfO 2 ; 5.05% La 2 O 3 ; 5.15% Y 2 O 3 All compositions quoted as wt% [0033]
- Figure 1 shows the dramatic promotion of H 2 TPR characteristics of a CeZrLaPrO 2 OS (OSl) by the post-synthetic modification by basic ion exchange of 2% Silver (Ag).
- the exchange of the proton of the Ce 3+ -OH by Ag is clearly highly beneficial for the oxygen ion conductivity of the material.
- FIG. 2 summarises an analysis of soot combustion using a conventional TGA method (SAE paper 2008-01-0481).
- the data contrasts the performance of OS2 versus 5% Ag OS2 samples prepared by either basic ion exchange or by conventional impregnation of AgNO 3 .
- the conclusion is unambiguous, the performance of OS2 and 5%Ag-Nitrate-OS2 are equivalent with a peak rate of soot oxidation occurring at ca. 375 °C.
- the 5% Ag basic OS2 decreases the temperature for active/direct catalytic soot oxidation to ca. 325°C.
- the basic exchange mechanism provides a specific promotion of redox and other catalytic functions that is not seen for conventional impregnation of acidic e.g. nitrate metal precursors.
- Figure 3 depicts the soot oxidation performance for OS2 versus Cu and Co ion exchanged OS2 variants. Again the post-synthetic modification of the OS yields enhanced performance lowering the soot oxidation temperature by 15 and 25°C for l%Co and 2.5% Cu respectively.
- Figure 4 provides a further example of enhanced soot oxidation rate by ion exchanged OS.
- OS3 a lower Ce content OS and thus expected to be weaker performance than higher Ce OS (SAE paper 2008-01-0481), is modified by exchange of 2.5% Cu.
- SAE paper 2008-01-0481 is modified by exchange of 2.5% Cu.
- the resulting performance enhancement is dramatic and with modified material now offering performance competitive with higher Ce-content OS materials.
- Figure 5 compares the performance of OSl against fresh and hydrothermally aged (800°C/air /steam/6h) 2%Ag exchanged OSl and confirms the exchange process produces a material of enhanced intrinsic activity towards direct soot oxidation and that the promotion is maintained after aging.
- Figure 6 illustrates the activity of Ig of 0.75%Pt -49.625%OS1 -49.625%A1 2 O 3 catalyst intimately mixed 4:1 with Printex U (artificial soot analogue) in a synthetic gas bench (SGB) soot combustion test.
- SGB synthetic gas bench
- the reaction was performed using 1000 ppm CO, 100 ppm NO, 750 ppm Cl from n-Octane, 3.3% CO 2 , 13.2% O 2 , 3.5% H 2 O, N 2 balance @ 5 L/min and shows that whilst CO and HC are oxidised, there is no soot combustion event in the temperature range examined. Key: O - CO conversion, ⁇ - HC conversion, T - Bed temperature.
- Figure 7 illustrates the activity of an equivalent Ig sample of 0.75 %Pt - 49.625%OS1 -49.625%A1 2 O 3 mixed 4:1 with Printex U tested under identical conditions to Figure 6, except the reactive gas stream contained 0 ppm NO. Again CO and HC conversion proceed as expected, however in this instance there is clear evidence for soot combustion at an inlet temperature of 23O 0 C (block temperature of ca. 200 0 C) wherein sudden large decreases in CO and HC conversion are evident, coincident with a bed exotherm of several hundred degrees.
- Figure 8 summarises the impact of addition of 10 wt% of NOx trapping component to 0.75%Pt-49.625%OSl-49.625%Al 2 O 3 catalyst, tested in the SGB under the conditions listed in Figure 6.
- NOx trapping component results in marked decreases in the temperature required to initiate direct soot oxidation.
- bulk K 2 O and SrO salts can be seen to have a negative impact upon CO/HC conversion.
- the performance of 2Ag-OSl is of most interest.
- Figures 9a and 9b further compare and contrast the activities of OSl vs 2% Ag- exchanged OSl for direct soot oxidation catalysis.
- the performance in conventional soot TGA vs oxidation in the SGB show excellent correlation for a comparison of the TGA mass loss event and the peak bed exotherm in the SGB (test performed as per Figure 6 using an inlet 70gcf Pt DOC followed by Ig powder mixture of OS: Printex U @ 4:1 using a reactive gas mix of 1000 ppm CO, 100 ppm NO, 75 ppm Cl from propene, 75 ppm Cl from methane, 3.3% CO 2 , 13.2% O 2 , 3.5% H 2 O, N 2 balance @ 5 L/min).
- FIG. 10 illustrates a further example of the application of the ion exchange method to introduce a synergistic NOx trapping chemistry in the OS.
- an alkaline earth metal (Ca) has been introduced, via basic exchange method, into the OS to provide lean NOx trapping and release function.
- Ca was introduced at 1 or 2.5% into OSl, 0S4 (31.5/58.5/5/ 5 - CeO 2 /ZrO 2 /La 2 O 3 /Y 2 O 3 ) and OS5 (74/24/2 - CeO 2 / ZrO 2 / La 2 O 3 ).
- the resultant materials were tested in a conventional synthetic gas bench for NOx uptake and release.
- the exchanged materials were placed in the reactor after a conventional Pt diesel oxidation catalyst (70 g/ft 3 Pt loading) and heated to 250°C in the full reactive gas flow (1000 ppm CO, 930 ppm Cl HC (600 N-Octane, 180 Toluene, 75 Propene 75 Methane), 200 ppm NO, 3.5% H 2 O, 3.5% CO 2 ), at a ramp rate 12°C/min and flow of 5 slpm.
- the sample was allowed to 'saturate' at 250 0 C for 10 minutes and then heated to 600°C and the desorption of any stored NOx (NO 2 and NO) monitored giving the desorption traces shown in Fig 10.
- the traces are normalised to the response of an inert ⁇ , 0-Al 2 O 3 sample tested under identical conditions and confirm NOx uptake and release for all samples tested.
- OS clearly affects the temperature of peak desorption. This is contrast to the use of bulk CaO, and in principle allows one to manipulate the materials to directly tailor the desorption regime to fit specific application requirements.
- Figure 11 summarises the results of engine Dynamometer (Dyno) soot regeneration tests for conventional mixed oxide catalysts versus uncoated cordierite filter.
- the OS materials were comparable CeZrLaPrO 2 compositions provided by suppliers A, B and C.
- the parts were loaded as described in SAE paper 2008-01-0481 with 5g/L soot, using a cycle designed to provide low SOF (soluble organic fraction) i.e.
- soot of low reactivity and subjected to a standard post-injection regeneration cycle with initial inlet filter 300°C, flow 100kg/h, post- injection ramp 0-6Os, post-injection 600s, initial inlet DOC 35O 0 C with post-injection to target an inlet filter temperature of 550 0 C.
- the data confirms that conventional OS systems offer no benefit for direct catalytic soot oxidation to an uncoated filter. (Note the data is an average of 2 load / regeneration cycles).
- Figure 12 contrasts the Dyno performance of degreened 2%Cu OSl and 2%Ag OS2 in dyno regeneration testing versus a conventional CeZrPrO 2 and a blank Cordierite Filter. Parts were again loaded with 5g/L soot, the inlet filter was 300 0 C, flow lOOkg/h, post-injection ramp 0-6Os, post-injection 600s, inlet DOC 350 0 C to target an inlet filter temperature of 550 0 C.
- Figure 13 shows the performance of the same parts tested in Figure 12 after catalyst aging.
- the aging comprised 20 soot loading and regeneration cycles followed by 2Oh at 650 0 C in reactive gas flow on the engine dyno.
- the filters were loaded with 5g/L soot and regenerated with an inlet filter of 300 0 C, flow lOOkg/h, post-injection ramp 0-6Os, post-injection 600s, inlet DOC 350 0 C to target an inlet filter temperature of 550 0 C.
- the 2Cu OSl sample has deactivated during the aging and no longer offers any performance benefit.
- the 2% Ag OS2 sample has maintained a significant regeneration efficiency benefit, confirming its suitability for vehicular applications. (Data is average of 2 load / regen cycles)
- Figure 14 depicts the impact of OS loading on soot regeneration efficiency during a standard driving cycle (MVEG) for aged (2Oh 650 0 C in reactive gas flow on dyno) 2%Ag exchanged OSl mixed oxide catalysts versus conventional OS-based washcoat coated filter. Testing was performed as oxide only with zero PGM load. Soot loading and regeneration were performed on a Mercedes vehicle equipped with a 2.2L 646 EVO engine (Euro4 engine). Soot loading was performed under transient driving conditions with ca. 8g/L loaded using multiple ECE cycles (urban driving cycle) to attain target load. Regeneration was performed during the ECE portion of the MVEG, the initiation of regeneration occurring at first cut off condition into ECE and maintained for ca. 800s i.e.
- FIG. 15 is an illustration of a typical particulate filter device (100) of the invention comprised of a substrate (16), housing (18), exhaust inlet (24), conical portion (20), retention material (14), and channels (12) coated with redox action material.
- the present invention relates to a modified host for an emission treatment catalyst and method for making the same.
- the host is a substantially phase pure cubic fluorite (as determined by XRD method) of the Ce-ZrOx type which is well known in the art.
- the modification is proposed to arise, whilst not wishing to be bound by theory, from an ion exchange of the Ce 3+ -OH hydroxyls, present in both the surface and to a lessor extent in the bulk of the crystal, by the base metal element / ion selected for this purpose.
- the modified host materials may be applied advantageously to a wide range of emission control catalysts serving both so called gasoline (stoichiometric) and diesel (or other fuel lean) applications.
- gasoline so called gasoline
- diesel or other fuel lean
- One particular example described herein for the application of these materials is in the area of catalytic oxidation/regeneration of diesel particulate matter captured and 'stored' on a conventional wall flow filter.
- This new generation of modified OS materials has been demonstrated as having particular benefit in affecting either lower temperature regeneration/oxidation of soot or an increased regeneration efficiency at a lower temperature as compared to non-modified OS materials.
- This example is not exclusive, merely illustrative of the potential benefits that may be realised by employing active materials produced by this novel post-synthetic modification method.
- the basic exchange for enhanced redox process describes a method for the modification of conventional cerium-zirconium-based mixed oxides, also known as, oxygen storage materials (OSM).
- OSM oxygen storage materials
- the process involves the treatment of the OSM with a basic, where possible preferentially ammoniacal metal solution.
- Base metals i.e. common metals, currently being employed in this process include, but are not limited to, transition metals, e.g. silver, copper and cobalt, alkali metals e.g. potassium, alkaline earth metals e.g. calcium, strontium, barium.
- transition metals e.g. silver, copper and cobalt
- alkali metals e.g. potassium
- alkaline earth metals e.g. calcium, strontium, barium.
- stable basic complexes of organic amines or hydroxides may be employed.
- transition metal as used herein means the 38 elements in groups 3 through 12 of the Periodic Table of the Elements.
- the variables in the process include (1) the OSM / mixed oxide selected, (2) the metal used, and (3) the concentration of that metal. Metal concentrations successfully employed have ranged from 0.02 to 5.0 weight-percent. However, at higher metal exchange levels bulk metal oxides may be formed which do not retain the synergistic coupling with the OSM. Hence, the most preferred range for ion exchange is 0.1 to 2.5 weight-percent.
- the base metals are typically received as a metal salt or solution of salt e.g. nitrate. As indicated, most base metals form a water-soluble complex with ammonium hydroxide. In those instances wherein the ammoniacal complex is unstable an organic amine e.g. tri-ethanolamine may be employed instead.
- the solution of an acidic metal solution is converted to a chemically basic form by addition of the ammoniacal base.
- the chemistry and amounts of base used vary with the metal used.
- the resulting solution is then used to impregnate the mixed oxide powder, thereby ion-exchanging the surface and sub-surface Ce- OH hydroxyls (surface terminations and bulk defects which act as acidic centres under the conditions of synthesis). It is this exchange process which is believed to be responsible for the improvements in the redox behaviour of the thus modified mixed oxide.
- the impregnated mixed oxide must first be calcined at sufficient temperature to decompose the inorganic anions (e.g. nitrate and ammonium ions), typically >350 °C. After calcination the metal that was added is now bound to the former Ce-OH centres.
- the mixed oxide/OSM material of this invention comprises any known or predicted Cerium-containing or Ce-Zr-based stable solid solution.
- the solid solution contains a cationic lattice with a single-phase, as determined by standard X-ray Diffraction method. More preferably this single-phase is a cubic structure, with a cubic fluorite structure being most preferred.
- the ion exchange process may be performed without formation of additional bulk phase, as determined by XRD, providing the concentration of exchanged cation does not exceed the Ce-OH 'concentration' of the cubic fluorite lattice.
- the OS material may include those OS materials disclosed in U.S. Pat.
- the OS materials modified by the basic exchange method comprise a composition having a balance of sufficient amount of zirconium to decrease the reduction energies of Ce 4+ and the activation energy for mobility of O' within the lattice and a sufficient amount of cerium to provide the desired oxygen storage capacity.
- the OS shall contain a sufficient amount of stabiliser e.g. yttrium, rare earth (La/Pr etc.) or combination thereof to stabilise the solid solution in the preferred cubic crystalline phase.
- the OS materials modified by the basic exchange method shall preferably be characterised by a substantially cubic fluorite structure, as determined by conventional XRD methods.
- the percentage of the OS material having the cubic structure, both prior and post exchange, is preferably greater than about 95%, with greater than about 99% typical, and essentially 100% cubic structure generally obtained (i.e. an immeasurable amount of tetragonal phase based upon current measurement technology).
- the exchanged OS material is further characterised in that it possess large improvements in durable redox activity with respect to facile oxygen storage and increased release capacity e.g. as determined by H 2 Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR) method.
- TPR H 2 Temperature Programmed Reduction
- the reduction of Ce+Cu is observed to occur at a temperature of about 300 to about 350 0 C lower than would occur in the absence of the Cu dopant ( Figure 4).
- the Ce+Fe reduction is shifted to lower temperatures by about 100 to about 200 0 C.
- the OS material based upon 100 mole% of the material preferably comprises up to about 95 mole% zirconium; up to about 95 mole% cerium; up to about 20 mole% of a stabiliser or stabilisers selected from the group consisting yttrium, rare earths and combinations comprising at least one of the stabilizers.
- the OS material prior to exchange is solid solution of Ce- Zr-R-Nb, wherein "R” is a rare earth metal or a combination comprising at least one of the following metals yttrium, lanthanum, praseodymium, neodymium and combinations comprising at least one of these metals preferred.
- an active soot oxidation catalyst comprising an ion exchanged solid solution can be employed as a coating, e.g., disposed on/in an inert substrate or carrier.
- Exhaust gas treatment devices can generally comprise housing or canister components that can be easily attached to an exhaust gas conduit and comprise a substrate for treating exhaust gases.
- the housing components can comprise an outer "shell”, which can be capped on either end with funnel-shaped “end-cones" or flat “end-plates”, which can comprise “snorkels” that allow for easy assembly to an exhaust conduit.
- Housing components can be fabricated of any materials capable of withstanding the temperatures, corrosion, and wear encountered during the operation of the exhaust gas treatment device, such as, but not limited to, ferrous metals or ferritic stainless steels (e.g., martensitic, ferritic, and austenitic stainless materials, and the like).
- ferrous metals or ferritic stainless steels e.g., martensitic, ferritic, and austenitic stainless materials, and the like.
- a retention material Disposed within the shell can be a retention material ("mat” or “matting”), which is capable of supporting a substrate, insulating the shell from the high operating temperatures of the substrate, providing substrate retention by applying compressive radial forces about it, and providing the substrate with impact protection.
- the matting is typically concentrically disposed around the substrate forming a substrate/mat sub-assembly.
- Various materials can be employed for the matting and the insulation. These materials can exist in the form of a mat, fibres, preforms, or the like, and comprise materials such as, but not limited to, intumescent materials (e.g., a material that comprises vermiculite component, i.e., a component that expands upon the application of heat), non-intumescent materials, ceramic materials (e.g., ceramic fibers), organic binders, inorganic binders, and the like, as well as combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing materials.
- intumescent materials e.g., a material that comprises vermiculite component, i.e., a component that expands upon the application of heat
- non-intumescent materials e.g., ceramic materials that comprises vermiculite component, i.e., a component that expands upon the application of heat
- ceramic materials e.g., ceramic fibers
- Non- intumescent materials include materials such as those sold under the trademarks "NEXTEL” and “INTERAM 1101HT” by the “3M” Company, Minneapolis, Minnesota, or those sold under the trademark, "FIBERFRAX” and “CC-MAX” by the Unifrax Co., Niagara Falls, New York, and the like.
- Intumescent materials include materials sold under the trademark "INTERAM” by the “3M” Company, Minneapolis, Minnesota, as well as those intumescent materials which are also sold under the aforementioned "FIBERFRAX” trademark.
- Substrates or carriers can comprise any material designed for use in a spark ignition or diesel engine environment having the following characteristics: (1) capability of operating at temperatures up to about 600 0 C and up to about 1,000 0 C for some applications, depending upon the device's location within the exhaust system (e.g., manifold mounted, close coupled, or underfloor) and the type of system (e.g., gasoline or diesel); (2) capability of withstanding exposure to hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, particulate matter e.g. soot and the like, CO 2 , and/or sulfur; and (3) have sufficient surface area and structural integrity to support a catalyst, if desired. These materials should be inert under the conditions imposed on them when in use.
- Some possible materials include cordierite, silicon carbide, metal, metal oxides e.g. alumina, and the like, glasses, and the like and mixtures comprising at least one of the foregoing materials.
- Some suitable inert ceramic materials include 'Honey Ceram', commercially available from NGK-Locke, Inc, Southfield, Michigan, and 'Celcor', commercially available from Corning, Inc., Corning, New York. These materials can be in the form of foils, perform, mat, fibrous material, monoliths e.g.
- porous structures e.g., porous glasses, sponges, foams, pellets, particles, molecular sieves, and the like (depending upon the device), and combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing materials and forms, e.g., metallic foils, open pore alumina sponges, and porous ultra- low expansion glasses.
- these substrates can be coated with oxides and/or hexaaluminates, e.g. stainless steel foil coated with a hexa-aluminate scale.
- the substrate can have any size or geometry, the size and geometry are preferably chosen to optimise surface area in the given exhaust gas emission control device design parameters.
- the substrate has a honeycomb geometry, with the combs through- channel having any multi-sided or rounded shape, with substantially square, triangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, heptagonal, or octagonal or similar geometries preferred due to ease of manufacturing and increased surface area.
- the exhaust gas treatment devices can be assembled utilizing various methods. Three such methods are the stuffing, clamshell, and tourniquet assembly methods.
- the stuffing method generally comprises pre-assembling the matting around the substrate and pushing, or stuffing, the assembly into the shell through a stuffing cone.
- the stuffing cone serves as an assembly tool that is capable of attaching to one end of the shell. Where attached, the shell and stuffing cone have the same cross-sectional geometry, and along the stuffing cone's length, the cross-sectional geometry gradually tapers to a larger cross-sectional geometry. Through this larger end, the substrate/mat sub-assembly can be advanced which compresses the matting around the substrate as the assembly advances through the stuffing cone's taper and is eventually pushed into the shell.
- Exhaust gas treatment devices comprising the ion exchanged solid solutions can be employed in exhaust gas treatment systems to provide both an active soot combustion catalyst but also a NOx adsorption function, and thus specifically reduce a concentration of undesirable constituents in the exhaust gas stream.
- an exemplary catalyst system can be formed utilising the ion exchanged OS as a catalyst, wherein the catalyst system is disposed on a substrate, which is then disposed within a housing. Disposing the substrate to an exhaust gas stream can then provide at least a NOx storage function, and desirably even reduce the concentration of at least one undesirable constituent contained therein.
- a CDPF or Diesel NOx Particulate Trap can comprise a porous substrate having alternating channels.
- the alternating channels comprise upstream channels and downstream channels, which both have an upstream end and a downstream end.
- the upstream channels are configured such that its upstream end is open and allows exhaust gas to flow through.
- the downstream end of the upstream channels is blocked, which does not allow exhaust gas to flow therethrough.
- the downstream channels are configured such that its upstream end is blocked, which does not allow exhaust gas to flow therethrough.
- the downstream end of the downstream channels is open, which allows exhaust gas to flow therethrough.
- the exhaust gas flowing from the upstream channels passes through the walls of the substrate to the downstream channels.
- a solid solution can be dispersed within the upstream channels and downstream channels, and possibly within the substrate (e.g., depending upon the application method, porosity of the substrate, the size of the solid solution granules, and other variables).
- the data herein also illustrates a further benefit obtained with the ion-exchanged OS, specifically the introduction of dual functionality, in this case an additional NOx scavenging / adsorption function ( Figures 6-10).
- the ability of the ion exchanged material to scavenge NOx is of particular importance as it disables the 'de-coupling' mechanism of NO2, which has been shown to destroy the intimate contact between catalyst and soot required for direct catalysed soot oxidation (see SAE paper 2008-01-0481).
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP09724093A EP2268395A2 (en) | 2008-03-27 | 2009-03-27 | Application of basic exchange os materials for lower temperature catalytic oxidation of particulates |
BRPI0909386A BRPI0909386A2 (en) | 2008-03-27 | 2009-03-27 | basic material exchange application to lower the temperature of catalytic particle oxidation |
JP2011501155A JP2011526198A (en) | 2008-03-27 | 2009-03-27 | Application of base exchange OS materials for low temperature catalytic oxidation of fine particles |
CN2009801104753A CN102112223A (en) | 2008-03-27 | 2009-03-27 | Application of basic exchange OS materials for lower temperature catalytic oxidation of particulates |
Applications Claiming Priority (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US3987908P | 2008-03-27 | 2008-03-27 | |
US61/039,879 | 2008-03-27 | ||
US61/308,879 | 2008-03-27 | ||
US12/240,170 US20090246109A1 (en) | 2008-03-27 | 2008-09-29 | Solid solutions and methods of making the same |
US12/240,170 | 2008-09-29 | ||
US12/363,329 US20100196217A1 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2009-01-30 | Application of basic exchange os materials for lower temperature catalytic oxidation of particulates |
US12/363,329 | 2009-01-30 | ||
US12/363,310 | 2009-01-30 | ||
US12/363,310 US9403151B2 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2009-01-30 | Basic exchange for enhanced redox OS materials for emission control applications |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2009118190A2 true WO2009118190A2 (en) | 2009-10-01 |
WO2009118190A3 WO2009118190A3 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
WO2009118190A4 WO2009118190A4 (en) | 2010-03-18 |
Family
ID=41466517
Family Applications (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2009/038403 WO2010002486A2 (en) | 2008-03-27 | 2009-03-26 | Continuous diesel soot control with minimal back pressure penality using conventional flow substrates and active direct soot oxidation catalyst disposed thereon |
PCT/EP2009/002261 WO2009118188A1 (en) | 2008-03-27 | 2009-03-27 | Solid solutions and methods of making the same |
PCT/EP2009/002263 WO2009118190A2 (en) | 2008-03-27 | 2009-03-27 | Application of basic exchange os materials for lower temperature catalytic oxidation of particulates |
PCT/EP2009/002262 WO2009118189A1 (en) | 2008-03-27 | 2009-03-27 | Basic exchange for enhanced redox os materials for emission control applications |
Family Applications Before (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2009/038403 WO2010002486A2 (en) | 2008-03-27 | 2009-03-26 | Continuous diesel soot control with minimal back pressure penality using conventional flow substrates and active direct soot oxidation catalyst disposed thereon |
PCT/EP2009/002261 WO2009118188A1 (en) | 2008-03-27 | 2009-03-27 | Solid solutions and methods of making the same |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2009/002262 WO2009118189A1 (en) | 2008-03-27 | 2009-03-27 | Basic exchange for enhanced redox os materials for emission control applications |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (3) | EP2259870A4 (en) |
JP (3) | JP2011515221A (en) |
KR (3) | KR20110008190A (en) |
CN (3) | CN102006923B (en) |
BR (3) | BRPI0909377A2 (en) |
WO (4) | WO2010002486A2 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102854207A (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2013-01-02 | 兰州大学 | Method for determining content of palygorskite in attapulgite clay |
US9636634B2 (en) | 2014-01-23 | 2017-05-02 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Diesel oxidation catalyst and exhaust system |
CN113477068A (en) * | 2021-05-30 | 2021-10-08 | 中国人民解放军东部战区疾病预防控制中心 | Preparation method and addition method of cigarette smoke active oxygen scavenger |
CN115805068A (en) * | 2022-11-09 | 2023-03-17 | 太原理工大学 | Multifunctional metal oxide catalyst KCeMn as well as preparation method and application thereof |
Families Citing this family (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102015536A (en) * | 2008-03-27 | 2011-04-13 | 尤米科尔股份公司及两合公司 | Base metal and base metal modified diesel oxidation catalysts |
WO2010002486A2 (en) * | 2008-03-27 | 2010-01-07 | Umicore Ag& Co.Kg | Continuous diesel soot control with minimal back pressure penality using conventional flow substrates and active direct soot oxidation catalyst disposed thereon |
US9403151B2 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2016-08-02 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Basic exchange for enhanced redox OS materials for emission control applications |
EP2335808B1 (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2015-06-03 | Bernhard Kahlert | NO2 Slip catalyst |
US8529853B2 (en) | 2010-03-26 | 2013-09-10 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | ZrOx, Ce-ZrOx, Ce-Zr-REOx as host matrices for redox active cations for low temperature, hydrothermally durable and poison resistant SCR catalysts |
US8017097B1 (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2011-09-13 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | ZrOx, Ce-ZrOx, Ce-Zr-REOx as host matrices for redox active cations for low temperature, hydrothermally durable and poison resistant SCR catalysts |
US9239019B2 (en) * | 2012-01-26 | 2016-01-19 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Particulate matter retaining system |
RU2502561C1 (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2013-12-27 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт металлургии и материаловедения им. А.А. Байкова Российской академии наук (ИМЕТ РАН) | Method of preparing catalyst for purification of exhaust gases of combustion engines and catalyst obtained thereof |
CA2892683A1 (en) | 2012-12-12 | 2014-06-19 | Basf Corporation | Catalyst compositions, catalytic articles, systems and processes using large particle molecular sieves |
US8980209B2 (en) | 2012-12-12 | 2015-03-17 | Basf Corporation | Catalyst compositions, catalytic articles, systems and processes using protected molecular sieves |
US9266092B2 (en) | 2013-01-24 | 2016-02-23 | Basf Corporation | Automotive catalyst composites having a two-metal layer |
CN104415744B (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2016-08-31 | 湖南稀土金属材料研究院 | The preparation method of polynary praseodymium based oxygen storage material Pr-Zr-Tb-Y-Sc |
JP6700822B2 (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2020-05-27 | 昭和電工株式会社 | Microporous layer and fuel cell using the same |
WO2017150596A1 (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2017-09-08 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | Multicomponent solid solution microparticles and method for producing same, and catalyst |
US10159960B2 (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2018-12-25 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Catalysts with atomically dispersed platinum group metal complexes |
WO2019136340A1 (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2019-07-11 | Pacific Industrial Development Corporation | Catalyst comprising ceria-zirconia-oxygen storage material and process for its production |
CN108380198A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-08-10 | 广州德隆宝环保科技有限公司 | A kind of Zirconia composite nano-catalyst and preparation method thereof |
CN111960464B (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2023-04-28 | 陕西科技大学 | Black titanium dioxide optical nano material rich in oxygen vacancy defects and preparation method and application thereof |
DE102021125536A1 (en) | 2021-10-01 | 2023-04-06 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Catalytically active particle filter with high filtration efficiency |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050282698A1 (en) * | 2004-06-22 | 2005-12-22 | Southward Barry W | Particulate filter device and exhaust treatment system, and methods of regenerating the same |
WO2006079850A1 (en) * | 2005-01-28 | 2006-08-03 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Catalyst and preparation method |
Family Cites Families (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4902487A (en) | 1988-05-13 | 1990-02-20 | Johnson Matthey, Inc. | Treatment of diesel exhaust gases |
JP3144880B2 (en) * | 1992-02-14 | 2001-03-12 | ダイハツ工業株式会社 | Method for producing three-way catalyst with excellent low-temperature activity |
IN187850B (en) | 1995-08-16 | 2002-07-06 | Emitec Emissionstechnologie | |
JP3341973B2 (en) * | 1995-12-07 | 2002-11-05 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | Oxide solid solution particles and method for producing the same |
JP3429967B2 (en) * | 1997-02-10 | 2003-07-28 | ダイハツ工業株式会社 | Oxygen storage cerium-based composite oxide |
US6458741B1 (en) * | 1999-12-20 | 2002-10-01 | Eltron Research, Inc. | Catalysts for low-temperature destruction of volatile organic compounds in air |
US6387338B1 (en) | 2000-03-15 | 2002-05-14 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Preparation of multi-component Ce, Zr, Mox high oxygen-ion-conduct/oxygen-storage-capacity materials |
US6468941B1 (en) | 2000-10-17 | 2002-10-22 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Niobium containing zirconium-cerium based soild solutions |
US6585944B1 (en) | 2000-10-17 | 2003-07-01 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Enhancement of the OSC properties of Ce-Zr based solid solutions |
JP3528839B2 (en) * | 2002-05-15 | 2004-05-24 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Particulate oxidizer and oxidation catalyst |
JP2004337840A (en) * | 2003-03-17 | 2004-12-02 | Umicore Ag & Co Kg | Oxygen occluding material, manufacturing method of the oxygen occluding material and catalyst for clarifying exhaust gas of internal combustion engine |
JP2005256804A (en) | 2004-03-15 | 2005-09-22 | Denso Corp | Exhaust emission cleaning device for internal combustion engine |
JP4432588B2 (en) * | 2004-04-07 | 2010-03-17 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | Catalyst and method for producing catalyst |
JP2005296816A (en) * | 2004-04-12 | 2005-10-27 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | Catalyst and its manufacturing method |
US7441403B2 (en) | 2004-12-20 | 2008-10-28 | Detroit Diesel Corporation | Method and system for determining temperature set points in systems having particulate filters with regeneration capabilities |
US7412822B2 (en) | 2005-01-27 | 2008-08-19 | Southwest Research Institute | Regeneration control for diesel particulate filter for treating diesel engine exhaust |
GB0503818D0 (en) * | 2005-02-25 | 2005-04-06 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Catalysts |
JP4192915B2 (en) * | 2005-05-18 | 2008-12-10 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | PM purification apparatus and method |
RU2008108086A (en) * | 2005-08-05 | 2009-09-10 | Басф Каталистс Ллк (Us) | DIESEL EXHAUST SYSTEM PRODUCT AND CATALYTIC COMPOSITIONS FOR IT |
US7469532B2 (en) | 2005-09-22 | 2008-12-30 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Diesel particulate filter (DPF) regeneration by electrical heating of resistive coatings |
US8119075B2 (en) * | 2005-11-10 | 2012-02-21 | Basf Corporation | Diesel particulate filters having ultra-thin catalyzed oxidation coatings |
JP4775953B2 (en) * | 2006-03-28 | 2011-09-21 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | Exhaust gas purification catalyst and regeneration method thereof |
CN101415490A (en) * | 2006-03-28 | 2009-04-22 | 株式会社丰田中央研究所 | Exhaust-gas cleaning catalyst, its regeneration method, exhaust-gas cleaning apparatus and exhaust-gas cleaning method using it |
JP5085176B2 (en) * | 2006-04-07 | 2012-11-28 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Exhaust gas purification catalyst and exhaust gas purification device |
JP2007301471A (en) * | 2006-05-11 | 2007-11-22 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | Catalyst for cleaning exhaust gas |
JP4826944B2 (en) * | 2006-05-26 | 2011-11-30 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | Diesel exhaust gas purification structure and exhaust gas purification method using the same |
US7998423B2 (en) | 2007-02-27 | 2011-08-16 | Basf Corporation | SCR on low thermal mass filter substrates |
US7433776B1 (en) | 2007-04-18 | 2008-10-07 | International Engine Intellecutal Property Company, Llc | System and method for quantizing fuel dilution of engine motor due to post-injection fueling to regenerate an exhaust aftertreatment device |
WO2010002486A2 (en) * | 2008-03-27 | 2010-01-07 | Umicore Ag& Co.Kg | Continuous diesel soot control with minimal back pressure penality using conventional flow substrates and active direct soot oxidation catalyst disposed thereon |
CN102015536A (en) * | 2008-03-27 | 2011-04-13 | 尤米科尔股份公司及两合公司 | Base metal and base metal modified diesel oxidation catalysts |
-
2009
- 2009-03-26 WO PCT/US2009/038403 patent/WO2010002486A2/en active Application Filing
- 2009-03-26 KR KR1020107023769A patent/KR20110008190A/en active Search and Examination
- 2009-03-26 KR KR1020167030330A patent/KR20160129913A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-03-26 CN CN200980113778.0A patent/CN102006923B/en active Active
- 2009-03-26 BR BRPI0909377A patent/BRPI0909377A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-03-26 JP JP2011502059A patent/JP2011515221A/en active Pending
- 2009-03-26 EP EP09773938.7A patent/EP2259870A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-03-27 WO PCT/EP2009/002261 patent/WO2009118188A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-03-27 BR BRPI0909381A patent/BRPI0909381A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-03-27 CN CN2009801108862A patent/CN101980778A/en active Pending
- 2009-03-27 WO PCT/EP2009/002263 patent/WO2009118190A2/en active Application Filing
- 2009-03-27 BR BRPI0909386A patent/BRPI0909386A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-03-27 KR KR1020107024178A patent/KR20100135858A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-03-27 EP EP09723698.8A patent/EP2268394A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-03-27 WO PCT/EP2009/002262 patent/WO2009118189A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-03-27 CN CN2009801104753A patent/CN102112223A/en active Pending
- 2009-03-27 EP EP09724093A patent/EP2268395A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-03-27 JP JP2011501155A patent/JP2011526198A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-03-27 JP JP2011501154A patent/JP2011526197A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050282698A1 (en) * | 2004-06-22 | 2005-12-22 | Southward Barry W | Particulate filter device and exhaust treatment system, and methods of regenerating the same |
WO2006079850A1 (en) * | 2005-01-28 | 2006-08-03 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Catalyst and preparation method |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102854207A (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2013-01-02 | 兰州大学 | Method for determining content of palygorskite in attapulgite clay |
US9636634B2 (en) | 2014-01-23 | 2017-05-02 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Diesel oxidation catalyst and exhaust system |
US9849423B2 (en) | 2014-01-23 | 2017-12-26 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Diesel oxidation catalyst and exhaust system |
US10286359B2 (en) | 2014-01-23 | 2019-05-14 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Diesel oxidation catalyst and exhaust system |
US11167246B2 (en) | 2014-01-23 | 2021-11-09 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Diesel oxidation catalyst and exhaust system |
CN113477068A (en) * | 2021-05-30 | 2021-10-08 | 中国人民解放军东部战区疾病预防控制中心 | Preparation method and addition method of cigarette smoke active oxygen scavenger |
CN115805068A (en) * | 2022-11-09 | 2023-03-17 | 太原理工大学 | Multifunctional metal oxide catalyst KCeMn as well as preparation method and application thereof |
CN115805068B (en) * | 2022-11-09 | 2023-11-24 | 太原理工大学 | Multifunctional metal oxide catalyst KCeMn and preparation method and application thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101980778A (en) | 2011-02-23 |
WO2010002486A2 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
CN102006923A (en) | 2011-04-06 |
KR20160129913A (en) | 2016-11-09 |
JP2011526198A (en) | 2011-10-06 |
WO2009118189A4 (en) | 2009-11-19 |
BRPI0909381A2 (en) | 2016-05-17 |
EP2268394A1 (en) | 2011-01-05 |
JP2011515221A (en) | 2011-05-19 |
BRPI0909377A2 (en) | 2017-06-13 |
WO2010002486A3 (en) | 2010-03-25 |
WO2009118189A1 (en) | 2009-10-01 |
EP2259870A2 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
CN102006923B (en) | 2014-08-27 |
WO2009118188A1 (en) | 2009-10-01 |
CN102112223A (en) | 2011-06-29 |
WO2009118190A4 (en) | 2010-03-18 |
KR20100135858A (en) | 2010-12-27 |
JP2011526197A (en) | 2011-10-06 |
KR20110008190A (en) | 2011-01-26 |
BRPI0909386A2 (en) | 2015-10-06 |
WO2009118190A3 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
EP2259870A4 (en) | 2017-11-15 |
EP2268395A2 (en) | 2011-01-05 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2009118190A2 (en) | Application of basic exchange os materials for lower temperature catalytic oxidation of particulates | |
US8778831B2 (en) | Base metal and base metal modified diesel oxidation catalysts | |
KR20110005827A (en) | Application of basic exchange os materials for lower temperature catalytic oxidation of particulates | |
US9757691B2 (en) | High efficiency and durability selective catalytic reduction catalyst | |
US8241579B2 (en) | Diesel exhaust gas treatment system | |
US10906031B2 (en) | Intra-crystalline binary catalysts and uses thereof | |
US20090246109A1 (en) | Solid solutions and methods of making the same | |
US20100077727A1 (en) | Continuous diesel soot control with minimal back pressure penatly using conventional flow substrates and active direct soot oxidation catalyst disposed thereon | |
EP2552831A2 (en) | Zrox, ce-zrox, ce-zr-reox as host matrices for redox active cations for low temperature, hydrothermally durable and poison resistant scr catalysts | |
GB2551267B (en) | NOx adsorber catalyst | |
US20100196217A1 (en) | Application of basic exchange os materials for lower temperature catalytic oxidation of particulates | |
EP3468710A1 (en) | NOx ADSORBER CATALYST | |
US20060030481A1 (en) | Exhaust treatment device and methods of making the same | |
EP1020405B1 (en) | Alumina-based oxide material useful as NOx absorbent | |
JP5720558B2 (en) | Exhaust gas purification catalyst | |
GB2560926A (en) | NOx adsorber catalyst | |
GB2560925A (en) | NOx adsorber catalyst | |
EP1457249B1 (en) | Exhaust-gas purifying catalyst | |
JP2005500152A (en) | Substance for removing nitrogen oxides using lamellar structure | |
JPH02107334A (en) | Catalyst for exhaust gas purification |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 200980110475.3 Country of ref document: CN |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 09724093 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A2 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 3474/KOLNP/2010 Country of ref document: IN |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2011501155 Country of ref document: JP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20107024175 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2010143448 Country of ref document: RU Ref document number: 2009724093 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: PI0909386 Country of ref document: BR Kind code of ref document: A2 Effective date: 20100927 |