WO2009116219A1 - 超電導回転子、超電導回転機および超電導回転機システム - Google Patents
超電導回転子、超電導回転機および超電導回転機システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009116219A1 WO2009116219A1 PCT/JP2008/073733 JP2008073733W WO2009116219A1 WO 2009116219 A1 WO2009116219 A1 WO 2009116219A1 JP 2008073733 W JP2008073733 W JP 2008073733W WO 2009116219 A1 WO2009116219 A1 WO 2009116219A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K55/00—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures
- H02K55/02—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures of the synchronous type
- H02K55/04—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures of the synchronous type with rotating field windings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
- H02K17/02—Asynchronous induction motors
- H02K17/12—Asynchronous induction motors for multi-phase current
- H02K17/14—Asynchronous induction motors for multi-phase current having windings arranged for permitting pole-changing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a superconducting rotor, a superconducting rotating machine, and a superconducting rotating machine system.
- Rotating machines that are electrical equipment are classified into DC machines and AC machines.
- an AC machine generates mechanical power by receiving mechanical power or generates mechanical power by receiving AC power, and is mainly classified into an induction machine and a synchronous machine.
- An induction machine for example, an induction motor, rotates by generating an induction torque in the rotor by a rotating magnetic field generated by applying an AC voltage to the stator winding.
- Induction motors are widely used because they have a simple structure, are easy to maintain, and are inexpensive, but they are difficult in terms of efficiency and speed control.
- Synchronous machines for example, synchronous motors, rotate when a rotor having an electromagnet or a permanent magnet is pulled by a rotating magnetic field generated by applying an AC voltage to a stator winding. Synchronous motors are efficient but require additional equipment for starting and synchronous pull-in.
- Patent Document 1 a superconducting rotating machine that can rotate synchronously while having a configuration of an induction machine has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).
- the rotating machine described in Patent Document 1 includes a stator 60, a rotor 61 rotatably mounted on the stator 60, a superconducting material 62 provided on the rotor 61, and a stator 60.
- a magnetic field generator provided to form a rotating magnetic field, a mechanism for capturing the magnetic field penetrating the superconducting material 62 in the superconducting material 62, and a torque shield 64 disposed between the magnetic field generator and the superconducting material 62.
- the skin depth and thickness are such that the strength of the magnetic field in the superconducting material 62 is less than the second critical magnetic field Hc 2 , and sufficient torque is generated to raise the rotor 61 to the synchronous speed.
- a torque shield 64 having electrical conductivity.
- the rotating machine described in Patent Document 1 is guided to rotate by the induced torque generated in the torque shield 64 at the time of starting.
- the magnetic flux of the rotating magnetic field passes through the torque shield 64 and extends into the superconducting material 62. Thereafter, when the superconducting material 62 is cooled to a critical temperature or less and becomes a superconducting state, the magnetic flux of the rotating magnetic field is captured by the superconducting material 62, and the rotating machine described in Patent Document 1 rotates synchronously.
- the electric motor described in Patent Document 2 for example, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, in the hollow portion 10 of the bar and the grooves 11 and 12 of the end ring 5 in the squirrel-cage winding made of a normal conductive material, A superconducting material 13 is filled.
- the electric motor described in Patent Document 2 has a structure in which a closed circuit as a field winding formed of a superconducting material is added to a cage winding formed of a normal conducting material.
- the rotating machine described in Patent Document 1 allows a superconducting material to capture magnetic flux and realize a synchronous mode.
- this superconducting material it is described that any of granular, flakes, lumps (bulk material) and thin film may be used.
- magnetic flux is effectively captured in the superconducting material. For this reason, it is difficult to think of anything other than a lump. If the superconducting material is a lump (non-winding), it is unlikely that all of the captured magnetic flux contributes to torque generation, and it is considered that the torque generation efficiency occupying the amount of superconducting material used is poor.
- the temperature in order for the superconducting material to capture the magnetic flux supplied from the primary winding, the temperature is set higher than the critical temperature of the superconducting material, and the rotor is set to a predetermined number of revolutions in the induction mode. At that stage, the temperature is lowered below the critical temperature to capture the magnetic flux.
- the temperature needs to be higher than the critical temperature every time in order to capture the magnetic flux. Since the process of raising and lowering the temperature requires a relatively long time, there is a concern that the responsiveness of the entire device will deteriorate.
- the superconducting material is set to a temperature lower than the critical temperature in advance, and then the second supercritical state of the superconducting material is broken from the primary winding or the auxiliary winding when the predetermined rotational speed is reached.
- a magnetic field greater than the magnetic field (Hc 2 ) is applied in a pulsed manner to capture the magnetic flux.
- the second critical magnetic field is generally several Tesla even at liquid nitrogen temperature, and it is not easy to manufacture a coil that realizes such a magnetic field in a limited space in a pulsed manner.
- Patent Document 2 As described in (1) to (3) above, the electric motor described in Patent Document 2 has a serious problem, and a superconducting rotating machine that can rotate synchronously while having the structure of an induction machine has not yet appeared in the world.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is a superconducting rotor having a configuration of an induction machine and capable of induction rotation and synchronous rotation, a superconducting rotation machine, and a superconducting rotation machine system. Therefore, the object is to provide a material that has good heat dissipation and can easily capture magnetic flux for synchronous rotation.
- the present invention provides (1) a superconducting rotor that is arranged and rotates in a stator that generates a rotating magnetic field, and a plurality of superconducting wires are covered with a highly conductive metal.
- a superconducting lead-shaped winding formed by a rotor bar and an end ring made of two superconducting wires, a normal conducting lead-shaped winding formed by a rotor bar and an end ring made of a normal conducting material, and the two-cage windings A cylindrical rotor core having a plurality of slots for accommodating each rotor bar; and a rotor shaft provided coaxially with the rotor core, wherein the superconducting cage winding is in a non-superconducting state.
- the present invention is the above configuration, wherein (2) the superconducting wire is a metal low temperature superconductor represented by NbTi or Nb 3 Sn, an oxide high temperature superconductor represented by yttrium or bismuth, or two
- the present invention provides a superconducting rotor which is made of a magnesium boride superconductor, and wherein the highly conductive metal is silver, copper, gold, aluminum or an alloy thereof.
- the present invention is the above-described configuration, wherein (3) the normal conducting lead-shaped winding is formed by making the high-conductivity metal in the superconducting guiding saw-shaped winding more than a predetermined thickness,
- the present invention provides a superconducting rotor characterized by being integrated with a shape winding.
- the present invention is such that (4) the superconducting lead-shaped winding and the normal conducting lead-shaped winding are separated, and the superconducting lead-shaped winding is further provided.
- a superconducting rotor characterized in that the cage is larger than the normal conducting lead-shaped winding and each rotor bar is positioned outside each rotor bar of the normal conducting lead-shaped winding. is there.
- the present invention is such that (5) the superconducting lead-shaped winding and the normal conducting lead-shaped winding are separated from each other, and the normal conducting lead-shaped winding is further provided.
- the wire provides a superconducting rotor characterized in that the cage is larger than the superconducting lead-shaped winding and each rotor bar is located outside the respective rotor bars of the superconducting lead-shaped winding. .
- the present invention is the above configuration, wherein (6) the number of rotor bars of the superconducting lead-shaped winding, the number of rotor bars of the normal conducting lead-shaped winding, and the number of slots of the rotor core are as follows: There is provided a superconducting rotor having the same number, wherein the rotor bar of the superconducting lead-shaped winding and the rotor bar of the normal conducting lead-shaped winding are accommodated one by one in each slot. is there.
- the superconducting rotor according to any one of the above configurations (1) to (6) is arranged in a stator having a stator winding for generating a rotating magnetic field.
- a superconducting rotating machine is provided.
- the stator winding is made of a superconducting material, and a critical temperature of the superconducting material is a critical temperature of the superconducting wire forming the superconducting lead-shaped winding.
- the present invention provides a superconducting rotating machine characterized by being at a temperature or higher.
- the present invention also includes (9) the superconducting rotator described in the above configuration (7), a cooling device capable of cooling the superconducting rotator until it is in a superconducting state, and a control device that controls the superconducting rotator.
- the control device includes a first control pattern to be used when the superconducting rotator is rotated by the induced torque main drive, and the superconducting rotator is rotated by the synchronous torque main drive.
- the superconducting rotating machine is configured to control the superconducting rotating machine using the second control pattern, and to control the superconducting rotating machine using the first control pattern otherwise.
- Machine system It is intended to.
- the present invention is the above configuration (9), wherein (10) the control device is in a superconducting state when the superconducting cage winding does not capture the magnetic flux of the rotating magnetic field at the start, The applied voltage to the stator winding and / or the frequency of the applied voltage is changed so that the current flowing in the superconducting cage winding exceeds a critical current, and the superconducting cage winding is in a magnetic flux flow state.
- the present invention provides a superconducting rotating machine system in which the magnetic flux of the rotating magnetic field is linked to the superconducting lead-shaped winding.
- the superconducting lead-shaped winding is composed of a superconducting wire instead of a superconducting bulk material.
- the superconducting bulk material has a large current capacity, it is difficult to make it a magnetic flux flow state once it is in the superconducting state.
- the superconducting lead-type winding of the superconducting rotating machine of the present invention is made of a superconducting wire having a small current capacity, it can be easily brought into a magnetic flux flow state. Therefore, according to the superconducting rotating machine of the present invention, even if the superconducting cage winding is in the superconducting state without capturing the magnetic flux, the superconducting cage winding is once put into the flux flow state.
- the interlinkage magnetic flux can be easily captured and rotated synchronously.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing (A) a superconducting lead-shaped winding in the superconducting motor of FIG. 1, (B) a diagram showing a normal conducting lead-shaped winding, and (C) a diagram showing a rotor core.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an electromagnetic phenomenon in the superconducting lead-shaped winding of FIG. 2. It is a figure which shows the modification of the superconducting rotary machine system of this invention.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional end view of a superconducting motive according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing (A) a superconducting lead-shaped winding in the superconducting motor of FIG. 1, (B) a diagram showing a normal conducting lead-shaped winding, and (C) a diagram showing a rotor core.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a cross section of a superconducting wire constituting the superconducting lead-shaped winding of FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a rotor in the superconducting motive of FIG. 1
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a superconducting motive system to which the superconducting motive of FIG. 1 is applied.
- a superconducting motive (superconducting rotating machine) 1 As shown in FIG. 1, a superconducting motive (superconducting rotating machine) 1 according to the present invention includes a cylindrical casing 2, an annular stator 3 provided on the inner periphery of the casing 2, and both openings of the casing 2. Disk-shaped brackets 4a and 4b, and a superconducting rotor 7 rotatably supported by the brackets 4a and 4b via bearings 5a and 5b.
- the stator 3 includes an annular stator core 3a formed by laminating electromagnetic steel plates such as silicon steel plates in the axial direction, and a stator winding 3b provided in a slot (not shown) of the stator core 3a. ing.
- the stator winding 3b is made of a normal conductive material.
- the superconducting rotor 7 is disposed inside the stator 3 at a predetermined interval.
- the superconducting rotor 7 includes a hollow cylindrical rotor core 71, a superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 in which a rotor bar 73 a is accommodated in a slot 72 of the rotor core 71, and a slot 72 of the rotor core 71. It comprises a normal conducting lead-shaped winding 74 in which a rotor bar 74 a is accommodated, and a rotating shaft 75 that is coaxially attached to the rotor core 71.
- the rotor core 71 is formed by laminating electromagnetic steel plates such as silicon steel plates in the axial direction.
- a rotation shaft receiving hole 71 a for receiving the rotation shaft 75 is formed at the center of the rotor core 71.
- a plurality of slots 72 penetrating in the axial direction are formed at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction.
- the slot 72 is generally formed obliquely with respect to the axial direction of the rotor core 71 and has an oblique slot (skew) configuration.
- the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 includes a plurality of rotor bars 73a accommodated in the slots 72 of the rotor core 71 and annular end rings 73b and 73b that short-circuit both ends of each rotor bar 73a. Has been.
- the rotor bar 73a is formed by bundling a plurality of superconducting wires (in this embodiment, bismuth-based high-temperature superconducting wires) 73e and has a rectangular cross section (but is not limited to a rectangular cross section). As shown in FIG. 3, the superconducting wire 73e is formed by covering a plurality of bismuth high-temperature superconducting filaments 73c with a highly conductive metal 73d such as copper, aluminum, silver, or gold.
- the number of rotor bars 73 a is the same as the number of slots 72 of the rotor core 71.
- the rotor bar 73a is arranged at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction and is inclined with respect to the axial direction of the car so as to form a cylindrical and skew structure car. As shown in FIG. 1, the rotor bar 73 a is formed longer than the axial length of the rotor core 71, and protrudes from the slot 72 when accommodated in the slot 72.
- the end ring 73b is made of a superconducting wire 73e such as a bismuth high-temperature superconducting wire, like the rotor bar 73a.
- a superconducting wire 73e such as a bismuth high-temperature superconducting wire, like the rotor bar 73a.
- Each end of the rotor bar 73a protruding from the slot 72 is joined to each of the end rings 73b and 73b.
- the normal conducting lead-shaped winding 74 includes a plurality of rotor bars 74 a housed in the slots 72 of the rotor core 71 and annular end rings 74 b and 74 b that respectively short-circuit both ends of each rotor bar 74 a. It is configured.
- the rotor bar 74a is made of a highly conductive material such as copper, aluminum, silver, or gold, and has a rectangular cross section (but is not limited to a rectangular cross section).
- the number of rotor bars 74 a is the same as the number of slots 72 of the rotor core 71.
- the rotor bar 74a is arranged at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction so as to form a cylindrical and skew structure car larger than the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73, and is arranged obliquely with respect to the axial direction of the car. Has been. As shown in FIG.
- the rotor bar 74 a is formed longer than the axial length of the rotor core 71, and protrudes from the slot 72 when accommodated in the slot 72. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the rotor bar 74 a is inserted inside the slot 72 and outside the rotor bar 73 a of the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73.
- the end ring 74b is made of a highly conductive material such as copper, aluminum, silver, or gold, like the rotor bar 74a.
- Each end of the rotor bar 74a protruding from the slot 72 is joined to each of the end rings 74b and 74b.
- the rotating shaft 75 is inserted into the rotating shaft receiving hole 71a of the rotor core 71 and attached.
- the rotating shaft 75 is rotatably supported by the brackets 4a and 4b via bearings 5a and 5b such as bearings.
- the superconducting motive 1 configured as described above, when the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 is in the normal conducting state (non-superconducting state), the normal conducting lead-shaped winding 74 is caused by the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator 3. Inductive current flows through this, and induction torque is generated. At this time, the superconducting motor 1 rotates by the induced torque main drive and exhibits torque characteristics corresponding to the “inductive rotation (normal conducting state)” in FIG. In the state where the superconducting motor 1 is inductively rotated, a slight induced current also flows through the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73. However, since the induced current flowing in the normal conducting lead winding 74 is much larger, the induced torque generated in the normal conducting lead winding 74 is more dominant than the induction torque generated in the superconducting lead winding 73. It is.
- the superconducting cage winding 73 captures the magnetic flux of the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator 3. (See FIG. 8C).
- the superconducting motor 1 rotates with the synchronous torque main drive, and exhibits torque characteristics corresponding to the “synchronous rotation (superconducting state)” in FIG.
- a slight slip may occur due to the influence of the connection resistance between the rotor bar 73a and the end ring 73b.
- it can be regarded as a synchronous rotation.
- the superconducting coil winding 73 shifts to the magnetic flux flow state (see FIG. 8B) and continues to operate with the induced torque main drive. It is possible.
- the induction torque at this time is provided from both the superconducting lead-type winding 73 and the normal conducting lead-type winding 74 in the magnetic flux flow state, and exhibits torque characteristics corresponding to the “induction rotation (superconducting state)” in FIG. Is done.
- the superconducting motor 1 has a torque characteristic as shown in FIG. 7 and rotates with the induced torque main drive in the normal conducting state, and in the superconducting state with the synchronous torque main driving at the normal load and the induced torque main driving at the overload. Rotate.
- the superconducting motive 1 configured as described above can be mounted on an automobile as shown in FIG. 5, for example, and used as a superconducting motive system 21.
- the superconducting motive system 21 controls the superconducting motive 1 connected to the wheel 23 via the axle 22, the cooling device 24 that can cool the superconducting motive 1 until it becomes a superconducting state, and the cooling device 24 according to the cooling signal SR.
- the control unit 25 is configured to control the superconducting motor 1 through the inverter 26 in accordance with the electric motor drive signal SM, and the battery 27 for driving the superconducting motor 1.
- the cooling device 24 supplies the refrigerant into the slot 72 of the superconducting rotor 7 through a refrigerant supply path (not shown) provided in the rotating shaft 75 and the rotor core 71 of the superconducting motive 1. Thereby, the cooling device 24 can cool the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 in the superconducting electromotive machine 1 to below the critical temperature.
- a refrigerant supply path not shown
- the refrigerant helium gas, liquid nitrogen, or the like is used.
- the control device 25 controls the drive of the superconducting motor 1 via the inverter 26 in accordance with the electric motor drive signal SM. At this time, the control device 25 controls the voltage V and the frequency f of the alternating voltage applied to the stator winding 3 b of the superconducting motor 1 via the inverter 26. Thereby, the control apparatus 25 feedback-controls the rotation speed and torque of the superconducting motive 1.
- the control device 25 includes an induction rotation control pattern (first control pattern) that is used when the superconducting motor 1 is rotated by induced torque main motion, and a synchronous rotation control that is used when the superconducting motor 1 is rotated by synchronous torque main motion.
- a pattern (second control pattern) is stored in advance.
- the control pattern for induction rotation is a known control pattern used for a conventional induction motor.
- the synchronous rotation control pattern is a known control pattern used for a conventional synchronous motor.
- a primary current signal SI which is a signal of a primary current flowing in the stator winding 3b is constantly input from the superconducting motive device 1 to the control device 25.
- the control device 25 further has a threshold value I TH for the primary current signal SI and is set for each ratio V / f of the voltage V to the frequency f of the AC voltage applied to the stator winding 3b. Is stored.
- the threshold value I TH is used to determine whether or not the superconducting cage winding 73 is in a superconducting state (whether or not the superconducting motive motor 1 is rotated by synchronous torque main driving).
- the superconducting motor 1 is steadily operated at an arbitrary V / f value, for example, V 1 / f 1 in the normal conducting state.
- the primary current signal SI becomes a substantially constant value I N1 as shown in FIG.
- the cooling device 24 is started to operate and is driven until the superconducting motive 1 is in a superconducting state.
- the threshold value I TH1 is slightly smaller value (e.g. 90% value of I S1) than the value of I S1.
- the phenomenon that the value of the primary current decreases when the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 is in the superconducting state is caused by the superconducting motor 1 shifting from induction rotation to synchronous rotation at that time.
- an extra current for maintaining the slip state is required during the induction rotation, whereas the extra current is not required during the synchronous rotation, so that the value of the primary current decreases.
- Controller 25 determines the value of the primary current signal SI to be input at all times, based on whether the lower or higher than the threshold value I TH, whether superconducting motor 1 is rotating at a synchronous torque main drive. That is, if the value I S of the primary current signal SI is lower than the threshold value I TH , the control pattern for synchronous rotation is applied to the superconducting motor 1 assuming that the motor is rotating by synchronous torque main motion. For example, the control pattern for induction rotation is applied on the assumption that the rotation is caused by the induced torque main drive.
- I TH is set to a value slightly smaller than I S.
- I TH is set to a value higher than I S , the actual rotation is induced due to fluctuations in the primary current signal SI.
- the synchronous rotation control pattern may be applied to the superconducting motive 1 in some cases, which hinders operation.
- the superconducting motor 1 is operated without problems.
- the control device 25 causes the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 to be in a magnetic flux flow state. As described above, the voltage applied to the stator winding 3b and / or the frequency of the applied voltage is increased. Once the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 is in a magnetic flux flow state, it can capture the interlinkage magnetic flux even in a state below the critical temperature. This will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
- the superconducting cage winding 73 when the superconducting cage winding 73 has been cooled below the critical temperature by the cooling device 24 before the start of operation, the superconducting cage winding 73 does not capture the magnetic flux from the stator winding 3b. It is in a superconducting state. In this state, when an AC voltage is applied to the stator winding 3b, a shielding current flows through the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73, and the magnetic flux linked to the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 and the normal conducting lead-shaped winding 74 is zero. (See FIG. 8A). That is, in this case, no synchronous torque is generated, and no induced current flows through the normal conducting lead-shaped winding 74, so no induced torque is generated.
- the control device 25 increases the applied voltage to the stator winding 3b and / or the frequency of the applied voltage until the shielding current flowing through the superconducting cage winding 73 exceeds the critical current, thereby superconducting cage winding. 73 is brought into a magnetic flux flow state. Since a finite resistance is generated in the magnetic flux flow state, the magnetic flux can be linked to the superconducting lead-shaped winding even if the state is below the critical temperature (see FIG. 8B).
- the superconducting rotor 7 is accelerated, and if the relative speed between the rotating magnetic field and the superconducting rotor 7 is reduced accordingly, the current flowing through the superconducting cage winding 73 is automatically reduced. Finally, when the current flowing in the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 falls below the critical current, the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 captures the interlinkage magnetic flux (see FIG. 8C).
- the superconducting motivation system 21 configured as described above is used as follows.
- the control device 25 detects that the primary current signal SI that is always input is higher than the threshold value I TH corresponding to the operating condition V / f, and the superconducting motor 1 is in the normal conducting state. Is detected. And the control apparatus 25 applies the control pattern for induction rotation with respect to the superconducting motivation 1 rotated by induced torque main motion, and drives and controls the superconducting motivation 1. That is, in the normal conduction state, the superconducting motor 1 operates as an induction motor and exhibits torque characteristics corresponding to the “induction rotation (normal conduction state)” in FIG.
- the cooling signal SR is input to the control device 25 when the driver performs a cooling start operation after starting the operation.
- the control device 25 drives the cooling device 24 according to the signal SR.
- the cooling device 24 supplies a refrigerant such as helium gas to the superconducting lead winding 73 of the superconducting motive 1 and cools the superconducting lead winding 73 to below its critical temperature. Even when the cooling device 24 is driven, the superconducting motor 1 still operates as an induction motor until the superconducting cage winding 73 becomes below the critical temperature.
- the superconducting motive motor 1 rotates with synchronous torque as described above.
- control unit 25 detects that the primary current signal SI to be input at all times is lower than the threshold I TH corresponding to the operating condition V / f, superconducting motor 1 is in the superconducting state Detect that. And the control apparatus 25 applies the control pattern for synchronous rotation with respect to the superconducting motivation 1 rotated by synchronous torque main drive, and drives and controls the superconducting motivation 1. That is, in the superconducting state, the superconducting motive 1 exhibits torque characteristics corresponding to “synchronous rotation (superconducting state)” in FIG.
- the driver performs a driving operation, and the motor drive signal SM is input to the control device 25.
- the control device 25 tries to drive the superconducting motor 1 in accordance with the signal SM.
- the superconducting motor 1 is in a superconducting state at this time, even if an AC voltage is applied to the stator winding 3b, a shielding current flows through the superconducting cage winding 73, so that the superconducting cage winding 73 and the normal winding
- the magnetic flux interlinking with the electrically conductive winding 74 is zero, and the superconducting motor 1 does not operate.
- the control device 25 increases the voltage applied to the stator winding 3b and / or the frequency of the applied voltage until the shielding current flowing through the superconducting cage winding 73 exceeds the critical current, and the superconducting cage winding.
- the line 73 is brought into a magnetic flux flow state. In the magnetic flux flow state, as described above, the magnetic flux can be linked to the superconducting lead-shaped winding even if the state is below the critical temperature.
- the superconducting rotor 7 is accelerated, and if the relative speed between the rotating magnetic field and the superconducting rotor 7 is reduced accordingly, the current flowing in the superconducting cage winding 73 is automatically reduced. Finally, when the current flowing in the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 falls below the critical current, the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 captures the interlinkage magnetic flux. And the superconducting motor 1 rotates by synchronous torque main drive.
- the control device 25 detects that the primary current signal SI that is always input is lower than the threshold value I TH corresponding to the operating condition V / f, and the superconducting motor 1 is in the superconducting state. Detect that. And the control apparatus 25 applies the control pattern for synchronous rotation with respect to the superconducting motivation 1 rotated by synchronous torque main drive, and drives and controls the superconducting motivation 1. That is, in the superconducting state, the superconducting motive 1 rotates synchronously and exhibits torque characteristics corresponding to the “synchronous rotation (superconducting state)” in FIG.
- the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 is not composed of a superconducting bulk material but is composed of a superconducting wire, so that heat can be removed when heat is generated.
- the superconducting bulk material has a large current capacity, it is difficult to make it a magnetic flux flow state once it is in the superconducting state.
- the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 of the superconducting motor 1 is made of a superconducting wire having a small current capacity, it can be easily brought into a magnetic flux flow state. Therefore, according to the superconducting motive 1, even when the superconducting cage winding 73 is in a superconducting state without capturing the magnetic flux, the superconducting cage winding 73 is once brought into the magnetic flux flow state.
- the interlinkage magnetic flux can be easily captured and rotated synchronously.
- the superconducting motive system 21 whether the superconducting motive 1 is in the superconducting state based on whether the value of the primary current signal SI that is constantly input to the control device 25 is lower or higher than the threshold value ITH . It is possible to easily detect whether or not it is rotating (synchronized torque main rotation). Therefore, according to the superconducting motivation system 21, the control pattern for induction rotation and the control pattern for synchronous rotation can be appropriately applied according to the rotation state of the superconducting motivation 1, and there is no need for complicated control.
- the superconducting wire is not limited to a bismuth-based high-temperature superconducting wire, but may be a metal-based low-temperature superconducting wire represented by NbTi or Nb 3 Sn, an yttrium-based high-temperature superconducting wire, or a magnesium diboride superconducting wire. it can.
- the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 and the normal conducting lead-shaped winding 74 are separate bodies, but they may be configured integrally. That is, the high-conductivity metal in the superconducting wire rod of the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 may have a predetermined thickness or more, and the high-conductivity metal portion may be the normal-conducting lead-shaped winding 74.
- the normal conducting lead-shaped winding 74 is disposed outside the superconducting rotor 7 and the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 is disposed inside. Good.
- the normal conducting lead winding 74 is on the outside, the induction torque in the normal conducting state and the induction torque in the superconducting state can be increased, and when the super conducting lead winding 73 is on the outside, synchronization in the superconducting state is possible. Torque can be increased.
- the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 and the normal conducting lead-shaped winding 74 are housed one by one in the slot 72, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- a slot for accommodating the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 and a slot for storing the normal conducting lead-shaped winding 74 may be provided separately.
- the number of rotor bars 73a of the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73 and the number of rotor bars 74a of the normal-conducting lead-shaped winding 74 may not be the same.
- the structure which accommodates some rotor bars 73a and 74a in the same slot, and accommodates the remainder in a separate slot may be sufficient.
- the stator winding 3b made of a normal conducting material is used, but the stator winding 3b made of a superconducting material may be used.
- the critical temperature of the stator winding 3 b needs to be equal to or higher than the critical temperature of the superconducting lead-shaped winding 73. Otherwise, when the stator winding 3b enters the superconducting state and starts to drive, the superconducting cage winding 73 is always in the superconducting state and can only perform synchronous rotation or induction rotation in the superconducting state.
- the superconducting motive 1 is directly connected to the axle 22.
- the superconducting motive 1 may be connected to the axle 22 via a transmission.
- the superconducting rotary machine of this invention was used as a superconducting electromotive machine, it can also be used as a superconducting generator.
- a superconducting power generator system 31 including a power converter 34 that converts the voltage and frequency of power can be obtained.
- the superconducting generator system 31 rotates the superconducting rotor 7 by the rotation of the blade 32 to generate AC power in the stator winding 3b.
- the superconducting generator system 31 operates as an induction generator when the superconducting cage winding 73 is in the normal conducting state, and operates as a synchronous generator when in the superconducting state, similarly to the superconducting motivation system 21 in the above embodiment. .
- the superconducting generator system 31 can also be configured to increase the rotational speed of the blade 32 by connecting a speed increaser 36 between the blade 32 and the superconducting generator 1 as shown in FIG. 9B. .
Abstract
Description
特許文献1記載の回転機は、超電導材料に磁束を捕捉させ、同期モードを実現する。この超電導材料としては、粒状、薄片状、塊状(バルク材)及び薄膜状のいずれでも良いと記載されているが、特許文献1記載の回転子の構造において超電導材料中に磁束を有効に捕捉させるためには、最終的に塊以外は考えにくい。そして、超電導材料が塊(非巻線)であれば、捕捉されている磁束が全てトルク発生に寄与するとは考えにくく、超電導材料の使用量に占めるトルク発生効率が悪いと考えられる。
特許文献2記載の電動機では、超電導材によって巻線が構成されるが、この超電導材には超電導バルク材が想定されていると考えられる。超電導材がバルク材であれば、次のような問題点がある。
(2)特許文献1記載の回転機と同様に、一旦超電導状態になれば、電流容量が大きいことから、磁束フロー状態と呼ばれる損失状態にすることが難しい。つまり、超電導巻線が磁束を捕捉していない状態で超電導状態になっている場合に、一旦磁束フロー状態にして磁束を捕捉させる方法をとることができない。それゆえ、超電導巻線が磁束未捕捉のまま超電導状態になっている場合に、当該電動機を同期回転させるには、特許文献1記載の回転機と同様に、臨界温度以上に昇温するか臨界磁場以上の磁場を印加して、超電導状態を壊して磁束を捕捉した後、再度臨界温度以下にして超電導状態にする必要がある。
(3)超電導巻線を構成するためには、超電導粉末を常電導かご形巻線の中空部に充填し、その後焼成する必要がある。しかし、超電導粉末充填後に、回転子鉄心を含めて焼成するためには、大きな電気炉が必要である。また、回転子鉄心も焼成されてしまうので、特性が変化するおそれがある。さらに、仮に問題なく焼成できたとしても、電動機の製作コストが高くなってしまう。
7 超電導回転子
71 回転子鉄心
72 スロット
73 超電導かご形巻線
74 常電導かご形巻線
75 回転子軸
73a,74a ロータバー
図1は本発明にかかる超電導電動機の縦断面端面図である。図2は図1の超電導電動機における(A)超電導かご形巻線を示す図、(B)常電導かご形巻線を示す図、(C)回転子鉄心を示す図である。図3は図2の超電導かご形巻線を構成する超電導線材の横断面を示す模式図である。図4は図1の超電導電動機における回転子の横断面図、図5は図1の超電導電動機を適用した超電導電動機システムを示すブロック図である。
図1に示すように、本発明の超電導電動機(超電導回転機)1は、円筒状のケーシング2と、ケーシング2の内周部に設けられた環状の固定子3と、ケーシング2の両開口部を閉じる円板状のブラケット4a,4bと、ブラケット4a,4bに軸受け5a,5bを介して回転可能に支持された超電導回転子7と、から構成されている。
なお、スロット72は一般に、回転子鉄心71の軸方向に対して斜めに形成され、斜めスロット(スキュー)構成とされている。
なお、超電導電動機1が誘導回転している状態において、超電導かご形巻線73にも若干の誘導電流が流れている。しかし、常電導かご形巻線74に流れる誘導電流の方がはるかに大きいため、超電導かご形巻線73に生じる誘導トルクよりも、常電導かご形巻線74に生じる誘導トルクの方が支配的である。
なお、この同期回転時において、ロータバー73aとエンドリング73bの接続抵抗等の影響により、極めてわずかなすべりが生じることがあるが、この場合も機器特性としては同期回転と見なせる。
上記のように構成された超電導電動機1は、例えば図5に示す如く自動車に搭載され、超電導電動機システム21として使用され得る。超電導電動機システム21は、車軸22を介して車輪23に連結された超電導電動機1と、超電導電動機1を超電導状態になるまで冷却し得る冷却装置24と、冷却装置24を冷却信号SRに応じて制御すると共に、電動機駆動信号SMに応じインバータ26を介して超電導電動機1を制御する制御装置25と、超電導電動機1を駆動するためのバッテリー27と、から構成されている。
まず、超電導電動機1を、常電導状態において任意のV/f値、例えばV1/f1で定常運転する。このとき、1次電流信号SIは、図6に示す如く、略一定の値IN1となる。次に、冷却装置24を運転開始し、超電導電動機1が超電導状態になるまで駆動する。所定時間T1後、超電導かご形巻線73が超電導状態になると、1次電流信号SIの値が低下し、IS1となる。そして、しきい値ITH1は、IS1の値よりも少し小さな値(例えばIS1の90%値)とされる。この作業を各V/f値ごとに実行することで、各しきい値ITHが得られる。
そこで、制御装置25により、超電導かご形巻線73に流れる遮蔽電流が臨界電流を超えるまで、固定子巻線3bへの印加電圧および/または当該印加電圧の周波数を増大させ、超電導かご形巻線73を磁束フロー状態にする。磁束フロー状態では、有限の抵抗が発生するため、臨界温度未満の状態のままであっても磁束は超電導かご形巻線に鎖交することができる(図8B参照)。
その後、超電導回転子7は加速され、それに伴って回転磁界と超電導回転子7との相対速度が小さくなれば、超電導かご形巻線73に流れている電流は自動的に小さくなる。最終的に、超電導かご形巻線73に流れている電流が臨界電流を下回ったところで、超電導かご形巻線73が鎖交磁束を捕捉する(図8C参照)。
まず、運転者によって運転操作がなされ、制御装置25に電動機駆動信号SMが入力される。制御装置25は、当該信号SMに応じて、超電導電動機1を駆動する。このとき、超電導電動機1は常電導状態であるから、誘導トルク主動で回転する。
まず、運転者によって運転操作がなされ、制御装置25に電動機駆動信号SMが入力される。制御装置25は、当該信号SMに応じて、超電導電動機1を駆動しようとする。しかし、このとき超電導電動機1は超電導状態であるから、固定子巻線3bに交流電圧を印加しても、超電導かご形巻線73に遮蔽電流が流れることにより、超電導かご形巻線73および常電導かご形巻線74に鎖交する磁束はゼロとなって、超電導電動機1は動作しない。
以上のように構成された超電導電動機1によれば、従来の誘導電動機と同様の単純構造とすることができるため、保守が容易であり、安価である。
以上、本発明の実施形態について具体的に説明したが、本発明は次のように変形して実施することができる。
超電導発電機システム31は、ブレード32の回転によって超電導回転子7を回転させ、固定子巻線3bに交流電力を発生させる。超電導発電機システム31は、上記実施形態における超電導電動機システム21と同様に、超電導かご形巻線73が常電導状態であるとき誘導発電機として動作し、超電導状態であるとき同期発電機として動作する。
なお、超電導発電機システム31は、図9Bに示す如く、ブレード32と超電導発電機1との間に増速機36を接続して、ブレード32の回転速度を増加させるように構成することもできる。
Claims (10)
- 回転磁界を発生させる固定子内に配置されて回転する超電導回転子であって、
複数の超電導線を高導電性金属で被覆した単数または複数本の超電導線材からなるロータバーおよびエンドリングによって形成された超電導かご形巻線と、
常電導材からなるロータバーおよびエンドリングによって形成された常電導かご形巻線と、
前記両かご形巻線の前記各ロータバーを収容する複数のスロットを備えた円柱状の回転子鉄心と、
前記回転子鉄心に同軸に設けられた回転子軸と、
を含んでいて、
前記超電導かご形巻線が非超電導状態であるとき、前記回転磁界に起因して前記常電導かご形巻線に生じる誘導トルク主動で回転する一方、前記超電導かご形巻線が超電導状態であるとき、前記超電導かご形巻線が前記回転磁界の磁束を捕捉することで生じる同期トルク主動で回転するようになっていることを特徴とする超電導回転子。 - 前記超電導線は、NbTiもしくはNb3Snに代表される金属系低温超電導体、イットリウム系もしくはビスマス系に代表される酸化物系高温超電導体、あるいは二ホウ化マグネシウム超電導体からなっており、
前記高導電性金属は、銀、銅、金、アルミニウムもしくはそれらの合金であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の超電導回転子。 - 前記常電導かご形巻線は、前記超電導かご形巻線における前記高導電性金属を所定厚さ以上にすることによって形成されていて、前記超電導かご形巻線と一体的になっていることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の超電導回転子。
- 前記超電導かご形巻線と前記常電導かご形巻線とは別体になっており、さらに、前記超電導かご形巻線は、前記常電導かご形巻線よりもかごが大きく、前記各ロータバーが前記常電導かご形巻線の各ロータバーよりも外側に位置していることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の超電導回転子。
- 前記超電導かご形巻線と前記常電導かご形巻線とは別体になっており、さらに、前記常電導かご形巻線は、前記超電導かご形巻線よりもかごが大きく、前記各ロータバーが前記超電導かご形巻線の各ロータバーよりも外側に位置していることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の超電導回転子。
- 前記超電導かご形巻線の前記ロータバーの数と、前記常電導かご形巻線の前記ロータバーの数と、前記回転子鉄心の前記スロットの数とは同数であり、各スロット内に前記超電導かご形巻線の前記ロータバーと前記常電導かご形巻線の前記ロータバーとが1本ずつ収容されていることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の超電導回転子。
- 回転磁界を発生させる固定子巻線を備えた固定子内に、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の超電導回転子が配置されてなることを特徴とする超電導回転機。
- 前記固定子巻線は超電導材からなっており、当該超電導材の臨界温度は、前記超電導かご形巻線を形成する前記超電導線材の臨界温度以上になっていることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の超電導回転機。
- 請求項7に記載の超電導回転機と、
前記超電導回転機を超電導状態になるまで冷却し得る冷却装置と、
前記超電導回転機を制御する制御装置と、
を含んでいて、
前記制御装置は、前記超電導回転機が前記誘導トルク主動で回転している場合に使用すべき第1の制御パターンと、前記超電導回転機が前記同期トルク主動で回転している場合に使用すべき第2の制御パターンと、を有しており、前記固定子巻線内を流れる電流の値が、前記超電導かご形巻線が超電導状態になったことに起因して低下したとき、前記第2の制御パターンを用いて前記超電導回転機を制御し、そうでないとき、前記第1の制御パターンを用いて前記超電導回転機を制御するようになっていることを特徴とする超電導回転機システム。 - 前記制御装置は、始動時において前記超電導かご形巻線が前記回転磁界の磁束を捕捉してない状態で超電導状態になっている場合、前記超電導かご形巻線に流れる電流が臨界電流を越えるように、前記固定子巻線への印加電圧および/または当該印加電圧の周波数を変化させ、前記超電導かご形巻線を磁束フロー状態にし、前記超電導かご形巻線に前記回転磁界の磁束を鎖交させるようになっていることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の超電導回転機システム。
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JP2013055733A (ja) * | 2011-09-01 | 2013-03-21 | Kyoto Univ | 超電導回転機の運転方法および超電導回転機システム |
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JP2014217166A (ja) * | 2013-04-25 | 2014-11-17 | アイシン精機株式会社 | 超電導回転機及びその冷却方法 |
JP2016086525A (ja) * | 2014-10-24 | 2016-05-19 | 株式会社イムラ材料開発研究所 | 超電導回転電機ステータ及び超電導回転電機 |
JP2016135000A (ja) * | 2015-01-20 | 2016-07-25 | ジャパンスーパーコンダクタテクノロジー株式会社 | 誘導型超電導モータの制御回路 |
JP2019030128A (ja) * | 2017-07-31 | 2019-02-21 | アイシン精機株式会社 | 超電導ロータ及び超電導モータ |
WO2021193714A1 (ja) | 2020-03-26 | 2021-09-30 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | 超電導回転機 |
WO2022113930A1 (ja) | 2020-11-25 | 2022-06-02 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | 超電導回転機及び超電導回転機の制御方法 |
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CA2718559C (en) | 2015-11-24 |
US20110084566A1 (en) | 2011-04-14 |
JP5397866B2 (ja) | 2014-01-22 |
CA2718559A1 (en) | 2009-09-24 |
JPWO2009116219A1 (ja) | 2011-07-21 |
US8242657B2 (en) | 2012-08-14 |
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