WO2009115657A2 - Method and device for tapping undersea freshwater - Google Patents

Method and device for tapping undersea freshwater Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009115657A2
WO2009115657A2 PCT/FR2009/000076 FR2009000076W WO2009115657A2 WO 2009115657 A2 WO2009115657 A2 WO 2009115657A2 FR 2009000076 W FR2009000076 W FR 2009000076W WO 2009115657 A2 WO2009115657 A2 WO 2009115657A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
interface
sensor
depth
fresh water
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2009/000076
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2009115657A3 (en
Inventor
Michel Peril
Original Assignee
Michel Peril
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR0800358A external-priority patent/FR2926569A1/en
Priority claimed from FR0800359A external-priority patent/FR2926570B1/en
Application filed by Michel Peril filed Critical Michel Peril
Priority to MX2010008084A priority Critical patent/MX2010008084A/en
Priority to EP09722422A priority patent/EP2245234A2/en
Priority to US12/863,879 priority patent/US20110038674A1/en
Publication of WO2009115657A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009115657A2/en
Publication of WO2009115657A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009115657A3/en
Priority to TNP2010000341A priority patent/TN2010000341A1/en
Priority to IL207152A priority patent/IL207152A0/en
Priority to MA33109A priority patent/MA32097B1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
    • E03B3/06—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from underground
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
    • E21B43/0122—Collecting oil or the like from a submerged leakage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for capturing freshwater underwater. It concerns, in particular, the catchment of fresh water coming from submarine resurgences of freshwater source of karstic networks. lie karst is a domain of limestone rocks with numerous communicating cavities created by the dissolution of limestone by carbonic acid from precipitation waters, charged with carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). All these cavities form a karstic network, the lower part of which constitutes important reservoirs of fresh water.
  • CO 2 carbon dioxide
  • karsts especially those around the Mediterranean, have often been reduced by several tens or even hundreds of meters depending on the location, so that their basic level may now be Below sea level. It is known that freshwater springs from karstic domains flow under the sea. Freshwater with a lower density than salt water rises to the surface of the sea.
  • French patent no. FR 2 701 974 describes a submerged construction, comprising a concave portion directed downwards and covering the source, the fresh water remaining trapped in the upper part of said cavity due to its density which is lower than that of the water of This construction remains open in its lower part so as to let escape the overflow and in particular the sea water, leaving at the same time the free karst system and taking the fresh water at the top of the construction by the intermediate of a variable flow pumping system.
  • the pumping device is slaved to sensors that allow to keep in real time a flow rate slightly lower than the flow rate of the source. This device allows the removal of fresh water without the existing balance being disturbed and without inducing disturbances in the operation of the karst system, facilitating laminar flow which avoids mixing with seawater.
  • the document FR 2,785,001 describes a device whose object is an improvement that allows a significant simplification of the capture system by implementing an impervious surface, preferably flexible, which isolates the resurgence, anchored to the sea floor and reaching the surface. where it is held by a floating dam, allowing the venting device to be vented.
  • the device also comprises a system of valves to the lower part of the membrane allowing salt water to escape; fresh water is taken by pumps installed on a floating device on the inner surface of the dam.
  • the document FR 2 795 109 proposes a flexible envelope forming a bell above a source of freshwater underwater.
  • a salinity sensor is provided so that the mouth of the pump sucks in fresh water.
  • the lighter source of fresh water, lying below the heavier salt water mixes these two types of water.
  • the water thus pumped therefore requires a desalination treatment that is practically as complex and expensive as that of seawater.
  • the present invention aims to meet these disadvantages.
  • the present invention provides a device for collecting water from at least one source of freshwater underwater, characterized in that it comprises:
  • a servo-control means adapted to control the flow rate of at least one pump adapted to pump fresh water above said interface, as a function of said state of said interface, said servo-control means being adapted to maintain the depth said interface below the mouth of at least one said source of fresh water.
  • the interface depending on the state of the interface, for example its depth or turbulence which cause a mixture of fresh water and salt water, more or less water pump.
  • the more the interface is subject to turbulence the more the depth of the interface is increased so that the fresh water brought by the sources is not likely to be mixed with salt water because of these turbulence.
  • the quantity of water pumped represents the quantity of water. fresh water brought by these sources.
  • the fresh water from each of the freshwater source mouths above the interface is unlikely to be mixed with salt water.
  • the state sensor of said interface comprises a depth sensor adapted to determine the depth of said interface and the means servo-control is adapted to enslave the-depth of said interface by controlling the flow of at least one pump according to said depth.
  • the state sensor of said interface comprises means for determining the agitation of said interface and the servo-control means is adapted to control the flow rate of at least one pump as a function of said agitation.
  • the servo-control means is adapted to reduce the flow rate of at least one said pump when said interface has turbulences greater than a predetermined value.
  • the present invention relates to a method of collecting water from at least one source of freshwater underwater, characterized in that it comprises:
  • the present invention aims at a device for collecting water from at least one source of freshwater underwater, characterized in that it comprises:
  • the quantity of pumped water represents the quantity of fresh water brought by these sources.
  • the depth sensor comprises a level difference sensor between the surface of the fresh water inside the envelope collecting fresh water and the surface of the seawater around said envelope.
  • the depth sensor comprises an equilibrium depth sensor of a float having a density intermediate between that of the freshwater and that of the seawater.
  • the measurement is particularly stable and precise.
  • the servo means is adapted to maintain said interface below the level of at least one source.
  • the servo means is adapted to maintain said interface below the level of at least the source having the largest flow rate.
  • the servo means is adapted to control the flow of at least one pump depending on the sea level during the tide. Thanks to these provisions, the absolute vertical position of the interface can remain substantially stable even though the depth below the immediate level of the water inside and / or outside the envelope depends on the phenomenon of the tide and varies cyclically.
  • said envelope comprises a flexible partition surrounding the vertical above at least one source.
  • said flexible partition is held in place by weights.
  • said flexible partition has, in the upper part, inflated tubes.
  • the device as briefly described above comprises means for determining agitation of the water outside at least one source of water, the control means being adapted to control the flow of at least one said pump depending on the agitation of the water.
  • the water agitation determination means comprises a doppler effect, sonar or radar sensor. It is thus possible to determine said stirring remotely without introducing a physical sensor in the flow of source water and thus avoid creating disturbances of this flow, which could have the consequence of causing a mixture of fresh water and water. 'salt water.
  • the water agitation determination means comprises at least one water agitation sensor positioned in the water and a means for measuring the movements of each said sensor.
  • the water agitation determination means comprises means for determining a water density gradient.
  • the device as briefly described above comprises a means for measuring the salinity of the water pumped or to be pumped and a pumping stop means when said salinity is greater than a predetermined value.
  • the present invention relates to a method of collecting water from at least one source of freshwater underwater, held by an envelope surrounded by salt water insulating a quantity of water above least a source of fresh water, characterized in that it comprises:
  • the present invention aims a device for collecting water from at least one source of freshwater underwater, characterized in that it comprises: - an envelope surrounded by salt water isolating a quantity of water over at least one source of fresh water,
  • - Servo control means adapted to control the flow of at least one pump adapted to pump the fresh water inside the casing, depending on the agitation of the water.
  • the water agitation determination means comprises a doppler effect, sonar or radar sensor.
  • the water agitation determination means comprises at least one water agitation sensor positioned in the water and a means for measuring the movements of each said sensor. According to particular features, the water agitation determination means comprises means for determining a water density gradient.
  • the water agitation determining means comprises a level difference sensor between the surface of the fresh water in an envelope collecting fresh water and the surface of the sea water around it. of said envelope.
  • the water agitation determining means comprises an equilibrium depth sensor of a float having a density intermediate between that of the fresh water and that of the seawater.
  • the servo means is adapted to control the flow of at least one pump depending on the sea level during the tide.
  • the absolute vertical position of the interface can remain substantially stable even though the depth below the immediate level of the water inside and / or outside the envelope depends on the phenomenon of the tide and varies cyclically.
  • said envelope comprises a flexible partition surrounding the vertical above at least one source.
  • said flexible partition is held in place by weights.
  • said flexible partition has, in the upper part, inflated tubes.
  • the present invention relates to a method of collecting water from at least one source of freshwater underwater, retained by an envelope surrounded by salt water insulating a quantity of water above less a source of fresh water, characterized in that it comprises: a step of determining agitation of the water outside at least one water source, inside said envelope and
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic plan view of a particular embodiment of the device that is the subject of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 schematically represents, in section, the particular embodiment of the device that is the subject of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 1; and FIG. 3 represents, in the form of a logic diagram, steps of a particular embodiment. of the method of the present invention.
  • float relates to an element whose density is lower than that of at least one of the liquids used, generally salt sea water, and which, consequently, goes back to the interface of this liquid with a lower density liquid, usually less salty water, or with air.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show a natural or artificial crack 100 in which submarine resurgences of source water 105, for example of karstic origin, occur.
  • This crack 100 is provided with a flexible waterproof envelope 110 connected to the side walls 115 of the crack 100 in a sealed manner.
  • Valves 120 are formed in the lower part of the flexible envelope 110 to allow evacuation of the possible overflow of water appearing inside the envelope without allowing, or limiting, the entrance of salt water inside the casing 110.
  • These valves are, for example, consist of free parts of the flexible casing 110, of greater dimensions than those of openings formed in the casing 110 with respect to which these parts
  • the envelope 110 comprises a flexible partition surrounding the vertical above at least one source. At the immediate exit of the fresh water from at least one source, a system of deflectors imposes a forced path to the fresh water gushing, to reduce turbulence and induce a laminar flow of fresh water.
  • a pump 125 carried by a raft 130, is connected by pipes 135 to a purification unit 140.
  • the pump 125 is controlled by a control unit 145 connected to sensors 150, 151, 152 and 155.
  • the flexible envelope 110 is surrounded in its upper part by compressed air flanges 160 and is retained in its lower part by weights or links attached to the ocean floor and / or the edges of the crack.
  • the pump 125 is replaced by a plurality of pumps.
  • At least one sensor 150 is adapted to measure the difference in average level between the surface of the water inside the flexible envelope 110 and the surface of the water outside the flexible envelope 110.
  • This sensor 150 is, for example, consisting of two level sensors positioned, one near the casing 110, the inner side and the other near the casing 110, the outer side.
  • At least one sensor 151 is adapted to measure the salinity of the water near the inlet or in the water circuit of the pump 125. This measurement is, for example, carried out with a measurement of an electrical characteristic (resistance or capacity) of a sheet of water of known thickness, salt water being more conductive than pure water.
  • At least one sensor 152 is adapted to measure the average level, under the surface inside the envelope, which is a water of a predetermined density.
  • This sensor is, for example consisting of a radar, a sonar or a "float” whose density is intermediate between that of salt water and that of fresh water, "float” which is measured depth below the surface. It may also consist of a Doppler effect sensor measuring the speed of the interface as a function of the partial reflection of sound waves on this interface.
  • At least one sensor 155 is adapted to measure the agitation of the water at least one resurgence of fresh water.
  • This sensor 155 is, for example, consisting of a radar, a sonar or a plurality of "floats” whose densities are intermediate between that of salt water and that of fresh water, and possibly different "Floats” whose movements are measured. As can be understood, the sensors 152 and 155 can be coupled to provide the two measurements considered.
  • the stirring sensor 155 may also consist of a turbulence sensor, for example by capturing infrasound emitted in turbulence.
  • the stirring sensor can also be constituted by a sound intensity intensity of sound waves reflected partially on the interface.
  • the stirring sensor may also consist of a Doppler effect sensor measuring turbulence on the interface as a function of the partial reflection of sound waves on this interface.
  • the control unit 145 functions as a means of controlling the depth of the interface 170 between fresh water and salt water. This control unit 145 controls, as a function of said depth of the interface, the flow rate of at least one pump 125 which pumps fresh water over said interface.
  • the control unit 145 When the depth of the interface exceeds, increasing, a certain threshold, or limit value, the control unit 145 increases the flow rate of the pumped water. Conversely, when the depth of the interface is lower than another threshold, or limit value, the control unit 145 reduces the flow of water pumped.
  • the flow rate is a continuous function of the depth
  • the transfer function of the control loop, in counter-reaction is calculated to avoid oscillation of the depth of the interface, in a manner known to the man of the service of servitude.
  • the control unit 145 takes into account the tide and is adapted to maintain the interface below the level of at least one source and, preferably, below the level of at least the source having the highest flow rate. important.
  • the depth is, by compensation, replaced by the altitude of the interface relative to a fixed point and the control unit 145 controls the flow of at least one pump depending on the level of the sea during the tide.
  • the control unit 145 also constitutes a means for determining agitation of the water outside at least one source, of water and inside the casing 110, and is adapted to control the flow of at least one pump depending on the agitation of the water. In particular, when the turbulence exceeds a predetermined limit value, the unit will shut down the operation of the pump 125 or reduce it as an alternative disclosure of steps 315 and 325 (see description of Figure 3, below).
  • the control unit is also adapted to stop the operation of the pump 125 when the salinity measurement of the water pumped or to be pumped is greater than a predetermined limit value which depends on the desalting capacity of the purification unit 140.
  • control unit 145 constitutes a servocontrol means 145 adapted to control the flow of at least one pump 125 adapted to pump fresh water over the interface between the fresh water and the salt water, depending on the state of said interface, in particular its relative depth with that of at least one and, if possible all sources and / or turbulence of this interface to maintain the depth of said interface below the mouth of at least one said water source soft and, possibly, not to pump water of high salinity generated by these turbulence.
  • the device when it is started during normal operation, during a step 305, the device measures the salinity of the water to be pumped or, after a short pumping period intended to purge the salinity sensor, pumped water. Then, during a step 310, it is determined whether the measured salinity is greater than a first predetermined value. If so, during a step 315, the operation of the pump 125 is stopped and a restart command is awaited, either manually or automatically, for example after a predetermined time (for example five minutes). Then we return to step 305.
  • a predetermined time for example five minutes
  • step 310 If during step 310, it is determined that the measured salinity is lower than the first predetermined value, during a step 320, the importance of the turbulences at the interface between the salt water and the water is determined. freshwater. Then, during a step 325, it is determined whether the amplitude and / or the speed of the turbulence is greater than a second predetermined value. If so, during the step 315, the operation of the pump 125 is stopped and a restart command is awaited, either manually or automatically, for example after a duration. predetermined (for example five minutes). Then we return to step 305.
  • a duration for example five minutes
  • step 325 If during step 325, it is determined that the amplitude and / or the speed of turbulence is less than the second predetermined value, during a step 330, it is resumed, if it was stopped, or maintained pumping and the depth of the interface between salt water and fresh water is determined.
  • the control unit 145 causes the decrease in the flow of water pumped so that the depth of the interface 170 increases and that the mixed water resulting from turbulence does not come opposite at least one, preferably all, mouth of freshwater source.
  • the flow rate of the pump 125 is reduced and a control of recovery of the pump is expected. normal flow rate, the pump that intervenes when the interface is at a depth function growth amplitude and / or the speed of turbulence.
  • a step 335 the measurement of the depth as a function of the tide is compensated to obtain an absolute altitude value.
  • a step 340 depending on the depth of the interface and / or its altitude and depending on the depth of at least the main source of fresh water, or its altitude, and, optionally, the amplitude or the speed of turbulence, the flow of water that the pump 125 must ensure.
  • the transfer function of the servo in closed loop which provides this flow rate as a function of the depths and / or altitudes, depends on the flow rate of the sources in the envelope 110 and the rates of variation of this flow rate observed prior to the installation of the device or obtained during a phase of learning or operating the device.
  • the depth of the interface is, through the flow rate of the pump 125, maintained below the mouth of at least one source of fresh water and, preferably, all sources of fresh water.
  • step 345 the pump 125 is commanded to ensure the flow determined during the step 340. Then we return to the step 305.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a device for tapping at least one undersea freshwater spring that comprises: an housing (110) surrounded by salt water and isolating an amount of water above at least one freshwater spring; a sensor (150, 152, 155) for sensing the depth of an interface (170) between the freshwater and the salt water inside said housing; and a means (145) for controlling said depth and adapted for controlling the flow rate of at least one pump (125) for pumping freshwater above said interface depending on said depth, wherein said control means is adapted for maintaining the depth of said interface underneath the outlet of at least one freshwater spring.

Description

PROCEDE ET DISPOSITIF DE CAPTATION D'EAU DOUCE SOUS-MARINE METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CAPTURING UNDERWATER FRESHWATER
La présente invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif de captation d'eau douce sous-marine. Elle concerne, en particulier, la captation d'eau douce provenant de résurgences sous-marines d'eau douce de source de réseaux karstiques. lie karst est un domaine de roches calcaires comportant de nombreuses cavités communiquant entre elles, créées par la dissolution du calcaire par l'acide carbonique provenant des eaux de précipitations, chargées en gaz carbonique (CO2). L'ensemble de ces cavités constitue un réseau karstique, dont la partie inférieure constitue des réservoirs importants d'eau douce.The present invention relates to a method and a device for capturing freshwater underwater. It concerns, in particular, the catchment of fresh water coming from submarine resurgences of freshwater source of karstic networks. lie karst is a domain of limestone rocks with numerous communicating cavities created by the dissolution of limestone by carbonic acid from precipitation waters, charged with carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). All these cavities form a karstic network, the lower part of which constitutes important reservoirs of fresh water.
Pour des raisons ayant trait à l'évolution géologique, les karsts, notamment ceux du pourtour méditerranéen, ont été abaissés souvent de plusieurs dizaines voire centaines de mètres selon les lieux, de sorte que leur niveau de base peut se trouver, maintenant, au- dessous du niveau de la mer. Il est connu que des sources d'eau douce provenant de domaines karstiques s'écoulent sous la mer. L'eau douce, de densité plus faible que l'eau salée remonte vers la surface de la mer.For reasons relating to geological evolution, karsts, especially those around the Mediterranean, have often been reduced by several tens or even hundreds of meters depending on the location, so that their basic level may now be Below sea level. It is known that freshwater springs from karstic domains flow under the sea. Freshwater with a lower density than salt water rises to the surface of the sea.
Des tentatives ont été faites pour capter l'eau douce des résurgences karstiques sous-marines, basées sur l'utilisation d'un barrage rigide.Attempts have been made to capture freshwater from underwater karstic resurgence, based on the use of a rigid dam.
Le brevet français no. FR 2 701 974 décrit une construction immergée, comportant une partie concave dirigée vers le bas et recouvrant la source, l'eau douce restant piégée dans la partie haute de la dite cavité grâce à sa densité qui est inférieure à celle de l'eau de mer. Cette construction reste ouverte dans sa partie inférieure de façon à laisser échapper le trop plein et en particulier l'eau de mer, laissant en même temps le système karstique libre et prélevant l'eau douce à la partie supérieure de la construction par l'intermédiaire d'un système de pompage à débit variable. Le dispositif de pompage est asservi à des capteurs qui permettent de conserver à temps réel un débit légèrement inférieur au débit de la source. Ce dispositif permet le prélèvement de l'eau douce sans que l'équilibre existant soit dérangé et sans induire des perturbations dans le fonctionnement du système karstique, facilitant l'écoulement laminaire ce qui évite le mélange avec l'eau de mer.French patent no. FR 2 701 974 describes a submerged construction, comprising a concave portion directed downwards and covering the source, the fresh water remaining trapped in the upper part of said cavity due to its density which is lower than that of the water of This construction remains open in its lower part so as to let escape the overflow and in particular the sea water, leaving at the same time the free karst system and taking the fresh water at the top of the construction by the intermediate of a variable flow pumping system. The pumping device is slaved to sensors that allow to keep in real time a flow rate slightly lower than the flow rate of the source. This device allows the removal of fresh water without the existing balance being disturbed and without inducing disturbances in the operation of the karst system, facilitating laminar flow which avoids mixing with seawater.
Le document FR 2 785 001 décrit un dispositif ayant comme objet une amélioration qui permet une simplification importante du système de captage en mettant en œuvre une surface imperméable, de préférence souple, qui isole la résurgence, ancrée au fond de la mer et atteignant la surface où elle est tenue par un barrage flottant, permettant la mise à l'air libre du dispositif de captage. Le dispositif comporte aussi un système de vannes à la partie inférieure de la membrane permettant à l'eau salée de s'échapper ; l'eau douce est prélevée par des pompes installées sur un dispositif flottant à la surface interne du barrage.The document FR 2,785,001 describes a device whose object is an improvement that allows a significant simplification of the capture system by implementing an impervious surface, preferably flexible, which isolates the resurgence, anchored to the sea floor and reaching the surface. where it is held by a floating dam, allowing the venting device to be vented. The device also comprises a system of valves to the lower part of the membrane allowing salt water to escape; fresh water is taken by pumps installed on a floating device on the inner surface of the dam.
Le document WO 2007/017703 propose d'ajouter, au dispositif du document FR 2Document WO 2007/017703 proposes adding to the device of document FR 2
785 001, un courantomètre pour chaque source afin d'asservir les pompes et de maintenir ainsi un équilibre du système. Cependant, du fait de l'existence d'un grand nombre de sources aléatoires et d'infiltrations, les courantomètres ne donnent qu'une mesure imprécise des débits disponibles et le rendement de ce système est limité.785 001, a current meter for each source to control the pumps and maintain a balance of the system. However, because of the existence of a large number of random sources and infiltrations, the current meters only give an inaccurate measure of available flows and the yield of this system is limited.
Le document FR 2 795 109 propose une enveloppe souple formant une cloche au dessus d'une source d'eau douce sous-marine. Un capteur de salinité est prévu pour que l'embouchure de la pompe aspire de l'eau douce. Cependant, la source d'eau douce, plus légère, se trouvant en dessous de l'eau salée, plus lourde, ces deux types d'eau se mélangent. L'eau ainsi pompée nécessite donc un traitement de désalinisation pratiquement aussi complexe et onéreux que celui de l'eau de mer.The document FR 2 795 109 proposes a flexible envelope forming a bell above a source of freshwater underwater. A salinity sensor is provided so that the mouth of the pump sucks in fresh water. However, the lighter source of fresh water, lying below the heavier salt water, mixes these two types of water. The water thus pumped therefore requires a desalination treatment that is practically as complex and expensive as that of seawater.
La présente invention vise à répondre à ces inconvénients. A cet effet, selon un premier aspect, la présente invention vise un dispositif de captation d'eau d'au moins une source d'eau douce sous-marine, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte :The present invention aims to meet these disadvantages. For this purpose, according to a first aspect, the present invention provides a device for collecting water from at least one source of freshwater underwater, characterized in that it comprises:
- une enveloppe entourée d'eau salée isolant une quantité d'eau au dessus d'au moins une source d'eau douce, - un capteur de l'état d'une interface entre de l'eau douce et de l'eau salée, à l'intérieur de ladite enveloppe et- an envelope surrounded by salt water insulating a quantity of water above at least one source of fresh water, - a sensor of the state of an interface between fresh water and salt water within said envelope and
- un moyen d'asservissement adapté à commander le débit d'au moins une pompe adaptée à pomper de l'eau douce au dessus de ladite interface, en fonction dudit état de ladite interface, ledit moyen d'asservissement étant adapté à maintenir la profondeur de ladite interface en dessous de l'embouchure d'au moins une dite source d'eau douce.a servo-control means adapted to control the flow rate of at least one pump adapted to pump fresh water above said interface, as a function of said state of said interface, said servo-control means being adapted to maintain the depth said interface below the mouth of at least one said source of fresh water.
Grâce à ces dispositions, en fonction de l'état de l'interface, par exemple sa profondeur ou les turbulences qui y causent un mélange d'eau douce et d'eau salée, on pompe plus ou moins d'eau. Par exemple, plus l'interface est l'objet de turbulences, plus on augmente la profondeur de l'interface afin que l'eau douce apporté par les sources ne risque pas d'être mélangé à de l'eau salée du fait de ces turbulences. De plus, en dehors des phases transitoires au cours desquelles on commande le déplacement de l'interface, quels que soient le nombre, le débit, la configuration des sources et/ou des infiltrations, la quantité d'eau pompée représente la quantité d'eau douce apportée par ces sources.Thanks to these provisions, depending on the state of the interface, for example its depth or turbulence which cause a mixture of fresh water and salt water, more or less water pump. For example, the more the interface is subject to turbulence, the more the depth of the interface is increased so that the fresh water brought by the sources is not likely to be mixed with salt water because of these turbulence. In addition, apart from the transient phases during which the displacement of the interface is controlled, regardless of the number, the flow rate, the configuration of the sources and / or infiltrations, the quantity of water pumped represents the quantity of water. fresh water brought by these sources.
De plus, l'eau douce provenant de chacune des embouchures de sources d'eau douce se trouvant au dessus de l'interface risque peu d'être mélangée à de l'eau salée.In addition, the fresh water from each of the freshwater source mouths above the interface is unlikely to be mixed with salt water.
Selon des caractéristiques particulières, le capteur d'état de ladite interface comporte un capteur de profondeur adapté à déterminer la profondeur de ladite interface et le moyen d'asservissement est adapté à asservir la -profondeur de ladite interface en commandant le débit d'au moins une pompe en fonction de ladite profondeur.According to particular characteristics, the state sensor of said interface comprises a depth sensor adapted to determine the depth of said interface and the means servo-control is adapted to enslave the-depth of said interface by controlling the flow of at least one pump according to said depth.
Selon des caractéristiques particulières, le capteur d'état de ladite interface comporte un moyen de détermination de l'agitation de ladite interface et le moyen d'asservissement est adapté à asservir le débit d'au moins une pompe en fonction de ladite agitation.According to particular characteristics, the state sensor of said interface comprises means for determining the agitation of said interface and the servo-control means is adapted to control the flow rate of at least one pump as a function of said agitation.
Selon des caractéristiques particulières, le moyen d'asservissement est adapté à réduire le débit d'au moins une dite pompe lorsque ladite interface présente des turbulences supérieures à une valeur prédéterminée.According to particular features, the servo-control means is adapted to reduce the flow rate of at least one said pump when said interface has turbulences greater than a predetermined value.
Ainsi, quand la mer est agitée ou que le débit des sources augmente au point de provoquer des turbulences, on peut arrêter le pompage d'eau douce pour éviter de pomper de l'eau saumâtre ou de l'eau de source transportant de la terre ou d'autres impuretés ou réduire le débit pompé pour que la profondeur de l'interface augmente et soit plus éloignée de l'embouchure de chaque source d'eau douce.Thus, when the sea is rough or the flow of the sources increases to the point of causing turbulence, it can stop the pumping of fresh water to avoid pumping brackish water or spring water carrying soil or other impurities or reduce the pumped flow so that the depth of the interface increases and is further away from the mouth of each freshwater source.
D'autres caractéristiques particulières de ce premier aspect de la présente invention sont présentées à la suite des troisième et cinquième aspects de la présente invention.Other particular features of this first aspect of the present invention are presented following the third and fifth aspects of the present invention.
Selon un deuxième aspect, la présente invention vise un procédé de captation d'eau d'au moins une source d'eau douce sous-marine, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte :According to a second aspect, the present invention relates to a method of collecting water from at least one source of freshwater underwater, characterized in that it comprises:
- une étape de capture de l'état d'une interface entre de l'eau douce et de l'eau salée, à l'intérieur d'une enveloppe entourée d'eau salée isolant une quantité d'eau au dessus d'au moins une source d'eau douce eta step of capturing the state of an interface between fresh water and salt water, inside an envelope surrounded by salt water insulating a quantity of water above least a source of fresh water and
- une étape d'asservissement au cours de laquelle on commande le débit d'au moins une pompe qui pompe de l'eau douce au dessus de ladite interface, en fonction dudit état de ladite interface, pour maintenir la profondeur de ladite interface en dessous de l'embouchure d'au moins une dite source d'eau douce. Les avantages, buts et caractéristiques particulières de ce procédé objet du deuxième aspect de la présente invention étant similaires à ceux du dispositif objet du premier aspect de la présente invention, tel que succinctement exposés ci-dessus, ils ne sont pas rappelés ici.a servo-control step during which the flow rate of at least one pump which pumps fresh water above said interface, according to said state of said interface, to maintain the depth of said interface below the mouth of at least one said source of fresh water. Since the advantages, aims and particular characteristics of this method, object of the second aspect of the present invention, are similar to those of the device which is the subject of the first aspect of the present invention, as briefly described above, they are not recalled here.
Selon un troisième aspect, la présente invention vise un dispositif de captation d'eau d'au moins une source d'eau douce sous-marine, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte :According to a third aspect, the present invention aims at a device for collecting water from at least one source of freshwater underwater, characterized in that it comprises:
- une enveloppe entourée d'eau salée isolant une quantité d'eau au dessus d'au moins une source d'eau douce,an envelope surrounded by salt water insulating a quantity of water above at least one source of fresh water,
- un capteur de la profondeur d'une interface entre de l'eau douce et de l'eau salée, à l'intérieur de ladite enveloppe et - un moyen d'asservissement de cette profondeur adapté à commander le débit d'au moins une pompe adaptée à pomper de l'eau douce au dessus de ladite interface, en fonction de ladite profondeur. Grâce à ces dispositions, quels que soient le nombre, le débit, la configuration des sources et/ou des infiltrations, la quantité d'eau pompée représente la quantité d'eau douce apportée par ces sources.a sensor of the depth of an interface between fresh water and salt water, inside said envelope and a servo-control means of this depth adapted to control the flow of at least one pump adapted to pump fresh water above said interface, according to said depth. Thanks to these provisions, whatever the number, the flow, the configuration of the sources and / or infiltrations, the quantity of pumped water represents the quantity of fresh water brought by these sources.
Selon des caractéristiques particulières, le capteur de profondeur comporte un capteur de différence de niveau entre la surface de l'eau douce à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe recueillant de l'eau douce et la surface de l'eau de mer autour de ladite enveloppe.According to particular characteristics, the depth sensor comprises a level difference sensor between the surface of the fresh water inside the envelope collecting fresh water and the surface of the seawater around said envelope.
Grâce à ces dispositions, la mesure peut être précise et la maintenance aisée. Selon des caractéristiques particulières, le capteur de profondeur comporte un capteur de profondeur d'équilibre d'un flotteur possédant une densité intermédiaire entre celle de l'eau douce et celle de l'eau de mer.Thanks to these provisions, the measurement can be precise and the maintenance easy. According to particular characteristics, the depth sensor comprises an equilibrium depth sensor of a float having a density intermediate between that of the freshwater and that of the seawater.
Grâce à ces dispositions, la mesure est particulièrement stable et précise. Selon des caractéristiques particulières, le moyen d'asservissement est adapté à maintenir ladite interface en dessous du niveau d'au moins une source.Thanks to these provisions, the measurement is particularly stable and precise. According to particular features, the servo means is adapted to maintain said interface below the level of at least one source.
Selon des caractéristiques particulières, le moyen d'asservissement est adapté à maintenir ladite interface en dessous du niveau d'au moins la source ayant le débit le plus important.According to particular features, the servo means is adapted to maintain said interface below the level of at least the source having the largest flow rate.
Selon des caractéristiques particulières, le moyen d'asservissement est adapté à commander le débit d'au moins une pompe en fonction du niveau de la mer au cours de la marée. Grâce à ces dispositions, la position verticale absolue de l'interface peut rester sensiblement stable alors même que la profondeur en dessous du niveau immédiat de l'eau à l'intérieur et/ou à l'extérieur de l'enveloppe dépend du phénomène de la marée et varie cycliquement.According to particular features, the servo means is adapted to control the flow of at least one pump depending on the sea level during the tide. Thanks to these provisions, the absolute vertical position of the interface can remain substantially stable even though the depth below the immediate level of the water inside and / or outside the envelope depends on the phenomenon of the tide and varies cyclically.
Selon des caractéristiques particulières, ladite enveloppe comporte une cloison souple entourant la verticale au dessus d'au moins une source.According to particular features, said envelope comprises a flexible partition surrounding the vertical above at least one source.
Selon des caractéristiques particulières, ladite cloison souple est maintenue en place par des lests.According to particular features, said flexible partition is held in place by weights.
Selon des caractéristiques particulières, ladite cloison souple comporte, en partie haute, des boudins gonflés. Selon des caractéristiques particulières, le dispositif tel que succinctement exposé ci- dessus comporte un moyen de détermination d'agitation de l'eau à l'extérieur d'au moins une source d'eau, le moyen d'asservissement étant adapté à commander le débit d'au moins une dite pompe en fonction de l'agitation de l'eau.According to particular features, said flexible partition has, in the upper part, inflated tubes. According to particular features, the device as briefly described above comprises means for determining agitation of the water outside at least one source of water, the control means being adapted to control the flow of at least one said pump depending on the agitation of the water.
On peut ainsi éviter de pomper de l'eau douce qui s'est trop mélangée avec de l'eau salée en sortie de source, du fait de l'agitation locale de l'eau.It is thus possible to avoid pumping fresh water which has mixed too much with salt water at the source outlet, because of the local agitation of the water.
Selon des caractéristiques particulières, le moyen de détermination d'agitation de l'eau comporte un capteur à effet doppler, à sonar ou un radar. On peut ainsi déterminer ladite agitation à distance sans introduire de capteur physique dans le flux d'eau de source et ainsi éviter de créer des perturbations de ce flux, ce qui pourrait avoir comme conséquence de provoquer un mélange de l'eau douce et de l'eau salée. Selon des caractéristiques particulières, le moyen de détermination d'agitation de l'eau comporte au moins un capteur d'agitation de l'eau positionné dans l'eau et un moyen de mesure des mouvements de chaque dit capteur.According to particular features, the water agitation determination means comprises a doppler effect, sonar or radar sensor. It is thus possible to determine said stirring remotely without introducing a physical sensor in the flow of source water and thus avoid creating disturbances of this flow, which could have the consequence of causing a mixture of fresh water and water. 'salt water. According to particular features, the water agitation determination means comprises at least one water agitation sensor positioned in the water and a means for measuring the movements of each said sensor.
Selon des caractéristiques particulières, le moyen de détermination d'agitation de l'eau comporte un moyen de détermination d'un gradient de densité de l'eau. Selon des caractéristiques particulières, le dispositif tel que succinctement exposé ci- dessus comporte un moyen de mesure de salinité de l'eau pompée ou à pomper et un moyen d'arrêt de pompage lorsque ladite salinité est supérieure à une valeur prédéterminée. D'autres caractéristiques particulières de ce troisième aspect de la présente invention sont présentées à la suite des premier et cinquième aspects de la présente invention. Selon un quatrième aspect, la présente invention vise un procédé de captation d'eau d'au moins une source d'eau douce sous-marine, retenue par une enveloppe entourée d'eau salée isolant une quantité d'eau au dessus d'au moins une source d'eau douce, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte :According to particular features, the water agitation determination means comprises means for determining a water density gradient. According to particular features, the device as briefly described above comprises a means for measuring the salinity of the water pumped or to be pumped and a pumping stop means when said salinity is greater than a predetermined value. Other particular features of this third aspect of the present invention are presented following the first and fifth aspects of the present invention. According to a fourth aspect, the present invention relates to a method of collecting water from at least one source of freshwater underwater, held by an envelope surrounded by salt water insulating a quantity of water above least a source of fresh water, characterized in that it comprises:
- une étape de capture de la profondeur d'une interface entre de l'eau douce et de l'eau salée, à l'intérieur de ladite enveloppe eta step of capturing the depth of an interface between fresh water and salt water, inside said envelope and
- une étape d'asservissement de cette position pour commander le débit d'au moins une pompe adaptée à pomper de l'eau douce au dessus de ladite interface, en fonction de ladite profondeur.a step of controlling this position to control the flow of at least one pump adapted to pump fresh water above said interface, according to said depth.
Les avantages, buts et caractéristiques particulières de ce procédé objet du quatrième aspect de la présente invention étant similaires à ceux du dispositif objet du troisième aspect de la présente invention, tel que succinctement exposés ci-dessus, ils ne sont pas rappelés ici.Since the advantages, aims and particular characteristics of this process, which are the subject of the fourth aspect of the present invention, are similar to those of the device that is the subject of the third aspect of the present invention, as briefly described above, they are not recalled here.
Selon un cinquième aspect, la présente invention vise un dispositif de captation d'eau d'au moins une source d'eau douce sous-marine, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte : - une enveloppe entourée d'eau salée isolant une quantité d'eau au dessus d'au moins une source d'eau douce,According to a fifth aspect, the present invention aims a device for collecting water from at least one source of freshwater underwater, characterized in that it comprises: - an envelope surrounded by salt water isolating a quantity of water over at least one source of fresh water,
- un moyen de détermination d'agitation de l'eau à l'extérieur d'au moins une source d'eau, à l'intérieur de ladite enveloppe eta means for determining agitation of the water outside at least one water source, inside said envelope and
- un moyen d'asservissement adapté à commander le débit d'au moins une pompe adaptée à pomper l'eau douce à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe, en fonction de l'agitation de l'eau.- Servo control means adapted to control the flow of at least one pump adapted to pump the fresh water inside the casing, depending on the agitation of the water.
On peut ainsi éviter de pomper de l'eau douce qui s'est trop mélangée avec de l'eau salée en sortie de source, du fait de l'agitation locale de l'eau. Selon des caractéristiques particulières, le moyen de détermination d'agitation de l'eau comporte un capteur à effet doppler, à sonar ou un radar.It is thus possible to avoid pumping fresh water which has mixed too much with salt water at the source outlet, because of the local agitation of the water. According to particular features, the water agitation determination means comprises a doppler effect, sonar or radar sensor.
On peut ainsi déterminer ladite agitation à distance sans introduire de capteur physique dans le flux d'eau de source et ainsi éviter de créer des perturbations de ce flux, ce qui pourrait avoir comme conséquence de provoquer un mélange de l'eau douce et de l'eau salée.It is thus possible to determine said stirring remotely without introducing a physical sensor in the flow of source water and thus avoid creating disturbances of this flow, which could have the consequence of causing a mixture of fresh water and water. 'salt water.
Selon des caractéristiques particulières, le moyen de détermination d'agitation de l'eau comporte au moins un capteur d'agitation de l'eau positionné dans l'eau et un moyen de mesure des mouvements de chaque dit capteur. Selon des caractéristiques particulières, le moyen de détermination d'agitation de l'eau comporte un moyen de détermination d'un gradient de densité de l'eau.According to particular features, the water agitation determination means comprises at least one water agitation sensor positioned in the water and a means for measuring the movements of each said sensor. According to particular features, the water agitation determination means comprises means for determining a water density gradient.
Selon des caractéristiques particulières, le moyen de détermination d'agitation de l'eau comporte un capteur de différence de niveau entre la surface de l'eau douce dans une enveloppe recueillant de l'eau douce et la surface de l'eau de mer autour de ladite enveloppe.According to particular features, the water agitation determining means comprises a level difference sensor between the surface of the fresh water in an envelope collecting fresh water and the surface of the sea water around it. of said envelope.
Grâce à ces dispositions, la mesure peut être précise et la maintenance aisée. Selon des caractéristiques particulières, le moyen de détermination d'agitation de l'eau comporte un capteur de profondeur d'équilibre d'un flotteur possédant une densité intermédiaire entre celle de l'eau douce et celle de l'eau de mer. Grâce à ces dispositions, la mesure est particulièrement stable et précise.Thanks to these provisions, the measurement can be precise and the maintenance easy. According to particular features, the water agitation determining means comprises an equilibrium depth sensor of a float having a density intermediate between that of the fresh water and that of the seawater. these provisions, the measure is particularly stable and precise.
Selon des caractéristiques particulières, le moyen d'asservissement est adapté à commander le débit d'au moins une pompe en fonction du niveau de la mer au cours de la marée.According to particular features, the servo means is adapted to control the flow of at least one pump depending on the sea level during the tide.
Grâce à ces dispositions, la position verticale absolue de l'interface peut rester sensiblement stable alors même que la profondeur en dessous du niveau immédiat de l'eau à l'intérieur et/ou à l'extérieur de l'enveloppe dépend du phénomène de la marée et varie cycliquement.Thanks to these provisions, the absolute vertical position of the interface can remain substantially stable even though the depth below the immediate level of the water inside and / or outside the envelope depends on the phenomenon of the tide and varies cyclically.
Selon des caractéristiques particulières, ladite enveloppe comporte une cloison souple entourant la verticale au dessus d'au moins une source. Selon des caractéristiques particulières, ladite cloison souple est maintenue en place par des lests.According to particular features, said envelope comprises a flexible partition surrounding the vertical above at least one source. According to particular features, said flexible partition is held in place by weights.
Selon des caractéristiques particulières, ladite cloison souple comporte, en partie haute, des boudins gonflés.According to particular features, said flexible partition has, in the upper part, inflated tubes.
D'autres caractéristiques particulières de ce cinquième aspect de la présente invention sont présentées à la suite des premier et troisième aspects de la présente invention. Selon un sixième aspect, la présente invention vise un procédé de captation d'eau d'au moins une source d'eau douce sous-marine, retenue par une enveloppe entourée d'eau salée isolant une quantité d'eau au dessus d'au moins une source d'eau douce, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte : - une étape de détermination d'agitation de l'eau à l'extérieur d'au moins une source d'eau, à l'intérieur de ladite enveloppe etOther particular features of this fifth aspect of the present invention are presented following the first and third aspects of the present invention. According to a sixth aspect, the present invention relates to a method of collecting water from at least one source of freshwater underwater, retained by an envelope surrounded by salt water insulating a quantity of water above less a source of fresh water, characterized in that it comprises: a step of determining agitation of the water outside at least one water source, inside said envelope and
- une étape d'asservissement du débit d'au moins une pompe adaptée à pomper l'au douce à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe en fonction de l'agitation de l'eau.- A step of controlling the flow of at least one pump adapted to pump the soft inside the envelope according to the agitation of the water.
Les avantages, buts et caractéristiques particulières de ce procédé objet du sixième aspect de la présente invention étant similaires à ceux du dispositif objet du cinquième aspect de la présente invention, tel que succinctement exposés ci-dessus, ils ne sont pas rappelés ici.The advantages, aims and particular characteristics of this method object of the sixth aspect of the present invention being similar to those of the device object of the fifth aspect of the present invention, as succinctly exposed above, they are not recalled here.
D'autres avantages, buts et caractéristiques de la présente invention ressortiront de la description qui va suivre, faite, dans un but explicatif et nullement limitatif en regard des dessins annexés, dans lesquels :Other advantages, aims and features of the present invention will emerge from the description which follows, made for an explanatory and non-limiting purpose with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
- la figure 1 représente, schématiquement, en vue de dessus, un mode de réalisation particulier du dispositif objet de la présente invention,FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic plan view of a particular embodiment of the device that is the subject of the present invention,
- la figure 2 représente, schématiquement, en coupe, le mode de réalisation particulier du dispositif objet de la présente invention illustré en figure 1 et - la figure 3 représente, sous forme d'un logigramme, des étapes d'un mode de réalisation particulier du procédé objet de la présente invention.FIG. 2 schematically represents, in section, the particular embodiment of the device that is the subject of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 1; and FIG. 3 represents, in the form of a logic diagram, steps of a particular embodiment. of the method of the present invention.
Dans toute la description, le terme de « flotteur » concerne un élément dont la densité est inférieure à celle d'au moins un des liquides mis en oeuvre, généralement de l'eau de mer salée, et qui, en conséquence, remonte à l'interface de ce liquide avec un liquide de moindre densité, généralement de l'eau moins salée, ou avec l'air.Throughout the description, the term "float" relates to an element whose density is lower than that of at least one of the liquids used, generally salt sea water, and which, consequently, goes back to the interface of this liquid with a lower density liquid, usually less salty water, or with air.
On observe, en figure 1 et 2, une crique 100, naturelle ou artificielle, dans laquelle arrivent des résurgences sous-marines d'eau de source 105, par exemple d'origine karstique. Cette crique 100 est muni d'une enveloppe étanche souple 110 liée aux parois 115 latérales de la crique 100 de manière étanche. Des clapets 120 sont formés dans la partie basse de l'enveloppe souple 110 pour permettre l'évacuation de l'éventuel trop-plein d'eau apparaissant à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe sans permettre, ou en limitant, l'entrée d'eau salée à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe 110. Ces clapets sont, par exemple, constitués de parties libres de l'enveloppe souple 110, de dimensions supérieures à celles d'ouvertures formées dans l'enveloppe 110 en regard desquelles ces parties libres se trouvent, à l'extérieur de l'enveloppe 110. L'enveloppe 110 comporte une cloison souple entourant la verticale au dessus d'au moins une source. A la sortie immédiate de l'eau douce d'au moins une source, un système de déflecteurs impose un cheminement forcé à l'eau douce jaillissante, afin de diminuer les turbulences et d'induire un écoulement laminaire de l'eau douce.FIGS. 1 and 2 show a natural or artificial crack 100 in which submarine resurgences of source water 105, for example of karstic origin, occur. This crack 100 is provided with a flexible waterproof envelope 110 connected to the side walls 115 of the crack 100 in a sealed manner. Valves 120 are formed in the lower part of the flexible envelope 110 to allow evacuation of the possible overflow of water appearing inside the envelope without allowing, or limiting, the entrance of salt water inside the casing 110. These valves are, for example, consist of free parts of the flexible casing 110, of greater dimensions than those of openings formed in the casing 110 with respect to which these parts The envelope 110 comprises a flexible partition surrounding the vertical above at least one source. At the immediate exit of the fresh water from at least one source, a system of deflectors imposes a forced path to the fresh water gushing, to reduce turbulence and induce a laminar flow of fresh water.
Une pompe 125, portée par un radeau 130, est reliée par des tuyauteries 135 à une unité de purification 140. La pompe 125 est commandée par une unité de commande 145 reliée à des capteurs 150, 151, 152 et 155. L'enveloppe souple 110 est entourée, dans sa partie haute, par des boudins d'air comprimé 160 et est retenue, dans sa partie basse, par des lests ou des liens attachés au fond de l'océan et/ou aux bords de la crique. En variante, la pompe 125 est remplacée par une pluralité de pompes. Au moins un capteur 150 est adapté à mesurer la différence de niveau moyen entre la surface de l'eau à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe souple 110 et la surface de l'eau à l'extérieur de l'enveloppe souple 110. Cette différence est moyennée sur un longue période, en comparaison avec la période des vagues en surface de la mer, par exemple sur deux minutes et représente, comme conséquence de la force d'Archimède, la profondeur à laquelle se trouve l'interface 170 entre l'eau de mer, plus dense, et l'eau de source, moins dense. Ce capteur 150 est, par exemple, constitué de deux capteurs de niveau positionnés, l'un à proximité de l'enveloppe 110, du côté interne et, l'autre, à proximité de l'enveloppe 110, du côté externe.A pump 125, carried by a raft 130, is connected by pipes 135 to a purification unit 140. The pump 125 is controlled by a control unit 145 connected to sensors 150, 151, 152 and 155. The flexible envelope 110 is surrounded in its upper part by compressed air flanges 160 and is retained in its lower part by weights or links attached to the ocean floor and / or the edges of the crack. In a variant, the pump 125 is replaced by a plurality of pumps. At least one sensor 150 is adapted to measure the difference in average level between the surface of the water inside the flexible envelope 110 and the surface of the water outside the flexible envelope 110. difference is averaged over a long period, compared with the period of waves on the surface of the sea, for example over two minutes and represents, as a consequence of the force of Archimedes, the depth at which the interface 170 between sea water, more dense, and spring water, less dense. This sensor 150 is, for example, consisting of two level sensors positioned, one near the casing 110, the inner side and the other near the casing 110, the outer side.
Au moins un capteur 151 est adapté à mesurer la salinité de l'eau à proximité de l'entrée ou dans le circuit d'eau de la pompe 125. Cette mesure est par exemple, effectuée avec une mesure d'une caractéristique électrique (résistance ou capacité) d'une lame d'eau d'épaisseur connue, l'eau salée étant plus conductrice que l'eau pure.At least one sensor 151 is adapted to measure the salinity of the water near the inlet or in the water circuit of the pump 125. This measurement is, for example, carried out with a measurement of an electrical characteristic (resistance or capacity) of a sheet of water of known thickness, salt water being more conductive than pure water.
Au moins un capteur 152 est adapté à mesurer le niveau moyen, sous la surface à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe, auquel se trouve une eau d'une densité prédéterminée. Ce capteur est, par exemple constitué d'un radar, d'un sonar ou d'un « flotteur » dont la densité est intermédiaire entre celle de l'eau salée et celle de l'eau douce, « flotteur » dont on mesure la profondeur sous la surface. Il peut aussi être constitué d'un capteur à effet Doppler mesurant la vitesse de l'interface en fonction de la réflexion partielle d'ondes sonores sur cette interface. Au moins un capteur 155 est adapté à mesurer l'agitation de l'eau au niveau d'au moins une résurgence d'eau douce. Ce capteur 155 est, par exemple, constitué d'un radar, d'un sonar ou d'une pluralité de « flotteurs » dont les densités sont intermédiaires entre celle de l'eau salée et celle de l'eau douce, et éventuellement différentes, « flotteurs » dont on mesure les mouvements respectifs. Comme on le comprend, les capteurs 152 et 155 peuvent être couplés pour fournir les deux mesures considérées.At least one sensor 152 is adapted to measure the average level, under the surface inside the envelope, which is a water of a predetermined density. This sensor is, for example consisting of a radar, a sonar or a "float" whose density is intermediate between that of salt water and that of fresh water, "float" which is measured depth below the surface. It may also consist of a Doppler effect sensor measuring the speed of the interface as a function of the partial reflection of sound waves on this interface. At least one sensor 155 is adapted to measure the agitation of the water at least one resurgence of fresh water. This sensor 155 is, for example, consisting of a radar, a sonar or a plurality of "floats" whose densities are intermediate between that of salt water and that of fresh water, and possibly different "Floats" whose movements are measured. As can be understood, the sensors 152 and 155 can be coupled to provide the two measurements considered.
Le capteur d'agitation 155 peut aussi être constitué d'un capteur de turbulences, par exemple en captant des infrasons émis dans les turbulences. Le capteur d'agitation peut aussi être constitué d'un capteur d'intensité d'ondes sonores réfléchies partiellement sur l'interface. Le capteur d'agitation peut aussi être constitué d'un capteur à effet Doppler mesurant les turbulences sur l'interface en fonction de la réflexion partielle d'ondes sonores sur cette interface. L'unité de commande 145 fonctionne comme un moyen d'asservissement de la profondeur de l'interface 170 entre de l'eau douce et de l'eau salée. Cette unité de commande 145 commande, en fonction de ladite profondeur de l'interface, le débit d'au moins une pompe 125 qui pompe de l'eau douce au dessus de ladite interface. Lorsque la profondeur de l'interface dépasse, en augmentant, un certain seuil, ou valeur limite, l'unité de commande 145 fait augmenter le débit de l'eau pompée. Inversement, lorsque la profondeur de l'interface est inférieure à un autre seuil, ou valeur limite, l'unité de commande 145 fait réduire le débit d'eau pompée. Préférentiellement, le débit est une fonction continue de la profondeur, la fonction de transfert de la boucle d'asservissement, en contre-réaction, est calculée pour éviter des oscillations de la profondeur de l'interface, de manière connue de l'homme du métier des asservissements.The stirring sensor 155 may also consist of a turbulence sensor, for example by capturing infrasound emitted in turbulence. The stirring sensor can also be constituted by a sound intensity intensity of sound waves reflected partially on the interface. The stirring sensor may also consist of a Doppler effect sensor measuring turbulence on the interface as a function of the partial reflection of sound waves on this interface. The control unit 145 functions as a means of controlling the depth of the interface 170 between fresh water and salt water. This control unit 145 controls, as a function of said depth of the interface, the flow rate of at least one pump 125 which pumps fresh water over said interface. When the depth of the interface exceeds, increasing, a certain threshold, or limit value, the control unit 145 increases the flow rate of the pumped water. Conversely, when the depth of the interface is lower than another threshold, or limit value, the control unit 145 reduces the flow of water pumped. Preferably, the flow rate is a continuous function of the depth, the transfer function of the control loop, in counter-reaction, is calculated to avoid oscillation of the depth of the interface, in a manner known to the man of the service of servitude.
Préférentiellement, l'unité de commande 145 tient compte de la marée et est adaptée à maintenir l'interface en dessous du niveau d'au moins une source et, préférentiellement, en dessous du niveau d'au moins la source ayant le débit le plus important. En d'autres termes, la profondeur est, par compensation, remplacée par l'altitude de l'interface par rapport à un point fixe et l'unité de commande 145 commande le débit d'au moins une pompe en fonction du niveau de la mer au cours de la marée.Preferably, the control unit 145 takes into account the tide and is adapted to maintain the interface below the level of at least one source and, preferably, below the level of at least the source having the highest flow rate. important. In other words, the depth is, by compensation, replaced by the altitude of the interface relative to a fixed point and the control unit 145 controls the flow of at least one pump depending on the level of the sea during the tide.
L'unité de commande 145 constitue aussi un moyen de détermination d'agitation de l'eau à l'extérieur d'au moins une source, d'eau et à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe 110, et est adapté à commander le débit d'au moins une pompe en fonction de l'agitation de l'eau. En particulier, lorsque les turbulences dépassent une valeur limite prédéterminée, l'unité de arrête le fonctionnement de la pompe 125 ou le réduit comme exposé en variante des étapes 315 et 325 (voir description de la figure 3, ci-dessous).The control unit 145 also constitutes a means for determining agitation of the water outside at least one source, of water and inside the casing 110, and is adapted to control the flow of at least one pump depending on the agitation of the water. In particular, when the turbulence exceeds a predetermined limit value, the unit will shut down the operation of the pump 125 or reduce it as an alternative disclosure of steps 315 and 325 (see description of Figure 3, below).
L'unité de commande est aussi adaptée à arrêter le fonctionnement de la pompe 125 lorsque la mesure de salinité de l'eau pompée ou à pomper est supérieure à une valeur limite prédéterminée qui dépend des capacités de désalinisation de l'unité de purification 140.The control unit is also adapted to stop the operation of the pump 125 when the salinity measurement of the water pumped or to be pumped is greater than a predetermined limit value which depends on the desalting capacity of the purification unit 140.
D'une manière générale, l'unité de commande 145 constitue un moyen 145 d'asservissement adapté à commander le débit d'au moins une pompe 125 adaptée à pomper de l'eau douce au dessus de l'interface entre l'eau douce et l'eau salée, en fonction de l'état de ladite interface, notamment sa profondeur relative avec celle d'au moins une et, si possible de toutes les sources et/ou les turbulence de cette interface pour maintenir la profondeur de ladite interface en dessous de l'embouchure d'au moins une dite source d'eau douce et, éventuellement, pour ne pas faire pomper de l'eau de forte salinité générée par ces turbulences.In general, the control unit 145 constitutes a servocontrol means 145 adapted to control the flow of at least one pump 125 adapted to pump fresh water over the interface between the fresh water and the salt water, depending on the state of said interface, in particular its relative depth with that of at least one and, if possible all sources and / or turbulence of this interface to maintain the depth of said interface below the mouth of at least one said water source soft and, possibly, not to pump water of high salinity generated by these turbulence.
Comme on l'observe en figure 3, lors de son lancement en fonctionnement normal, au cours d'une étape 305, le dispositif mesure la salinité de l'eau à pomper ou, après une courte durée de pompage destinée à assurer la purge du capteur de salinité, de l'eau pompée. Puis, au cours d'une étape 310, on détermine si la salinité mesurée est supérieure à une première valeur prédéterminée. Si oui, au cours d'une étape 315, on arrête le fonctionnement de la pompe 125 et on attend une commande de redémarrage, soit manuelle, soit automatique, par exemple après une durée prédéterminée (par exemple de cinq minutes). Puis on retourne à l'étape 305.As seen in FIG. 3, when it is started during normal operation, during a step 305, the device measures the salinity of the water to be pumped or, after a short pumping period intended to purge the salinity sensor, pumped water. Then, during a step 310, it is determined whether the measured salinity is greater than a first predetermined value. If so, during a step 315, the operation of the pump 125 is stopped and a restart command is awaited, either manually or automatically, for example after a predetermined time (for example five minutes). Then we return to step 305.
Si au cours de l'étape 310, on détermine que la salinité mesurée est inférieure à la première valeur prédéterminée, au cours d'une étape 320, on détermine l'importance des turbulences au niveau de l'interface entre l'eau salée et l'eau douce. Puis, au cours d'une étape 325, on détermine si l'amplitude et/ou la vitesse des turbulences est supérieure à une deuxième valeur prédéterminée. Si oui, au cours de l'étape 315, on arrête le fonctionnement de la pompe 125 et on attend une commande de redémarrage, soit manuelle, soit automatique, par exemple après une durée. prédéterminée (par exemple de cinq minutes). Puis on retourne à l'étape 305.If during step 310, it is determined that the measured salinity is lower than the first predetermined value, during a step 320, the importance of the turbulences at the interface between the salt water and the water is determined. freshwater. Then, during a step 325, it is determined whether the amplitude and / or the speed of the turbulence is greater than a second predetermined value. If so, during the step 315, the operation of the pump 125 is stopped and a restart command is awaited, either manually or automatically, for example after a duration. predetermined (for example five minutes). Then we return to step 305.
Si au cours de l'étape 325, on détermine que l'amplitude et/ou la vitesse des turbulences est inférieure à la deuxième valeur prédéterminée, au cours d'une étape 330, on reprend, s'il était arrêté, ou on maintient le pompage et on détermine la profondeur de l'interface entre l'eau salée et l'eau douce.If during step 325, it is determined that the amplitude and / or the speed of turbulence is less than the second predetermined value, during a step 330, it is resumed, if it was stopped, or maintained pumping and the depth of the interface between salt water and fresh water is determined.
En variante, en fonction de la mesure des turbulences de l'interface 170, on (l'unité de commande 145, par exemple) provoque la diminution du débit d'eau pompée de manière à ce que la profondeur de l'interface 170 augmente et que l'eau mélangée issue des turbulences ne viennent pas en regard d'au moins une, préférentiellement toutes, embouchure de source d'eau douce. Dans cette variante, si au cours d'une étape 325, on détermine que l'amplitude et/ou la vitesse des turbulences est supérieure à une deuxième valeur prédéterminée, on réduit le débit de la pompe 125 et on attend une commande de reprise du débit normal de, la pompe qui intervient lorsque l'interface est à une profondeur fonction croissance de l'amplitude et/ou de la vitesse des turbulences.Alternatively, depending on the measurement of the turbulence of the interface 170, (the control unit 145, for example) causes the decrease in the flow of water pumped so that the depth of the interface 170 increases and that the mixed water resulting from turbulence does not come opposite at least one, preferably all, mouth of freshwater source. In this variant, if during a step 325, it is determined that the amplitude and / or the speed of the turbulence is greater than a second predetermined value, the flow rate of the pump 125 is reduced and a control of recovery of the pump is expected. normal flow rate, the pump that intervenes when the interface is at a depth function growth amplitude and / or the speed of turbulence.
Au cours d'une étape 335, on compense la mesure de la profondeur en fonction de la marée pour obtenir une valeur d'altitude absolue.During a step 335, the measurement of the depth as a function of the tide is compensated to obtain an absolute altitude value.
Au cours d'une étape 340, en fonction de la profondeur de l'interface et/ou de son altitude et en fonction de la profondeur d'au moins la principale source d'eau douce, ou son altitude, et, éventuellement, de l'amplitude ou de la vitesse des turbulences, on détermine le débit d'eau que la pompe 125 doit assurer. La fonction de transfert de l'asservissement en boucle fermée, qui fournit ce débit en fonction des profondeurs et/ou altitudes, dépend du débit des sources dans l'enveloppe 110 et des vitesses de variation de ce débit constaté préliminairement à la mise en place du dispositif ou obtenu au cours d'une phase d'apprentissage ou d'exploitation du dispositif. Préférentiellement, la profondeur de l'interface est, par le biais du débit de la pompe 125, maintenue en dessous de l'embouchure d'au moins une source d'eau douce et, préférentiellement, de toutes les sources d'eau douce.During a step 340, depending on the depth of the interface and / or its altitude and depending on the depth of at least the main source of fresh water, or its altitude, and, optionally, the amplitude or the speed of turbulence, the flow of water that the pump 125 must ensure. The transfer function of the servo in closed loop, which provides this flow rate as a function of the depths and / or altitudes, depends on the flow rate of the sources in the envelope 110 and the rates of variation of this flow rate observed prior to the installation of the device or obtained during a phase of learning or operating the device. Preferably, the depth of the interface is, through the flow rate of the pump 125, maintained below the mouth of at least one source of fresh water and, preferably, all sources of fresh water.
Au cours d'une étape 345, on commande la pompe 125 pour qu'elle assure le débit déterminé au cours de l'étape 340. Puis on retourne à l'étape 305. During a step 345, the pump 125 is commanded to ensure the flow determined during the step 340. Then we return to the step 305.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 - Dispositif de captation d'eau d'au moins une source (105) d'eau douce sous-marine, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte : - une enveloppe (110) entourée d'eau salée isolant une quantité d'eau au dessus d'au moins une source d'eau douce,1 - Device for collecting water from at least one source (105) of freshwater underwater, characterized in that it comprises: - an envelope (110) surrounded by salt water insulating a quantity of water above at least one source of fresh water,
- un capteur (150, 152, 155) de l'état d'une interface (170) entre de l'eau douce et de l'eau salée, à l'intérieur de ladite enveloppe eta sensor (150, 152, 155) of the state of an interface (170) between fresh water and salt water, inside said envelope and
- un moyen (145) d'asservissement adapté à commander le débit d'au moins une pompe (125) adaptée à pomper de l'eau douce au dessus de ladite interface, en fonction dudit état de ladite interface, ledit moyen d'asservissement étant adapté à maintenir la profondeur de ladite interface en dessous de l'embouchure d'au moins une dite source d'eau douce.a servo-control means (145) adapted to control the flow rate of at least one pump (125) adapted to pump fresh water over said interface, as a function of said state of said interface, said servo means being adapted to maintain the depth of said interface below the mouth of at least one said source of fresh water.
2 - Dispositif selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le capteur (150, 152, 155) d'état de ladite interface comporte un capteur de profondeur adapté à déterminer la profondeur de ladite interface et le moyen (145) d'asservissement est adapté à asservir la profondeur de ladite interface en commandant le débit d'au moins une pompe (125) en fonction de ladite profondeur.2 - Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor (150, 152, 155) of said interface state comprises a depth sensor adapted to determine the depth of said interface and the means (145) of servo is adapted to enslave the depth of said interface by controlling the flow of at least one pump (125) according to said depth.
3 - Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le capteur (150) de profondeur comporte un capteur de différence de niveau entre la surface de l'eau douce dans l'enveloppe (110) recueillant de l'eau douce et la surface de l'eau de mer autour de ladite enveloppe.3 - Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the depth sensor (150) comprises a difference in level sensor between the surface of the fresh water in the envelope (110) collecting fresh water and the surface seawater around said envelope.
4 - Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que le capteur (152) de profondeur comporte un capteur de profondeur d'équilibre d'un flotteur possédant une densité intermédiaire entre celle de l'eau douce et celle de l'eau de mer.4 - Device according to any one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the depth sensor (152) comprises an equilibrium depth sensor of a float having a density intermediate between that of the fresh water and that seawater.
5 - Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le moyen (145) d'asservissement est adapté à maintenir ladite interface en dessous du niveau d'au moins la source (105) ayant le débit le plus important.5 - Device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the means (145) servocontrol is adapted to maintain said interface below the level of at least the source (105) having the highest flow rate important.
6 - Dispositif selon l'une a revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le capteur (150, 152, 155) d'état de ladite interface comporte un moyen de détermination de l'agitation de ladite interface et le moyen (145) d'asservissement est adapté à asservir le débit d'au moins une pompe (125) en fonction de ladite agitation.6 - Device according to one of claim 1, characterized in that the sensor (150, 152, 155) of said interface state comprises a means for determining the agitation of said interface and the means (145) of enslavement is adapted to control the flow of at least one pump (125) according to said agitation.
7 - Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le moyen (145) d'asservissement est adapté à réduire le débit d'au moins une dite pompe lorsque ladite interface présente des turbulences supérieures à une valeur prédéterminée. 8 - Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que le moyen (155) de détermination d'agitation de l'eau comporte un capteur à effet doppler, à sonar ou un radar.7 - Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the means (145) servo is adapted to reduce the flow rate of at least one said pump when said interface has turbulence greater than a predetermined value. 8 - Device according to any one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the means (155) for determining stirring water comprises a Doppler effect sensor, sonar or radar.
9 - Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le moyen (155) de détermination d'agitation de l'eau comporte au moins un capteur d'agitation de l'eau positionné dans l'eau et un moyen de mesure des mouvements de chaque dit capteur.9 - Device according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the means (155) for determining stirring water comprises at least one water stirring sensor positioned in the water and a means for measuring the movements of each said sensor.
10 - Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le moyen (155) de détermination d'agitation de l'eau comporte un moyen de détermination d'un gradient de densité de l'eau.10 - Device according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the means (155) for determining agitation of the water comprises a means for determining a water density gradient.
11 - Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le moyen (155) de détermination d'agitation de l'eau comporte un capteur de différence de niveau entre la surface de l'eau douce dans l'enveloppe recueillant de l'eau douce et la surface de l'eau de mer autour de ladite enveloppe. 12 - Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 11 , caractérisé en ce que le moyen (155) de détermination d'agitation de l'eau comporte un capteur de profondeur d'équilibre d'un flotteur possédant une densité intermédiaire entre celle de l'eau douce et celle de l'eau de mer.11 - Device according to any one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the means (155) for determining stirring water comprises a level difference sensor between the surface of the fresh water in the envelope collecting fresh water and the surface of the seawater around said envelope. 12 - Device according to any one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that the means (155) for determining the agitation of the water comprises an equilibrium depth sensor of a float having a density intermediate between that freshwater and seawater.
13 - Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le moyen (145) d'asservissement est adapté à commander le débit d'au moins une pompe13 - Device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the means (145) servo is adapted to control the flow of at least one pump
(125) en fonction du niveau de la mer au cours de la marée.(125) depending on the sea level during the tide.
14 - Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que ladite enveloppe comporte une cloison souple entourant d'au moins une source (105).14 - Device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that said casing comprises a flexible partition surrounding at least one source (105).
15 - Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un moyen (151 ) de mesure de salinité de l'eau pompée ou à pomper et un moyen d'arrêt de pompage lorsque ladite salinité est supérieure à une valeur prédéterminée.15 - Device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that it comprises means (151) for measuring the salinity of the pumped or pumped water and pumping stop means when said salinity is greater than a predetermined value.
16 - Procédé de captation d'eau d'au moins une source (105) d'eau douce sous-marine, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte :16 - Method for capturing water from at least one source (105) of freshwater underwater, characterized in that it comprises:
- une étape (320, 330) de capture de l'état d'une interface (170) entre de l'eau douce et de l'eau salée, à l'intérieur d'une enveloppe entourée d'eau salée isolant une quantité d'eau au dessus d'au moins une source d'eau douce eta step (320, 330) for capturing the state of an interface (170) between fresh water and salt water, inside an envelope surrounded by salt water insulating a quantity of water above at least one source of fresh water and
- une étape (340, 345) d'asservissement au cours de laquelle on commande le débit d'au moins une pompe (125) qui pompe de l'eau douce au dessus de ladite interface, en fonction dudit état de ladite interface, pour maintenir la profondeur de ladite interface en dessous de l'embouchure d'au moins une dite source d'eau douce. a servo-control step (340, 345) during which the flow rate of at least one pump (125) which pumps fresh water above said interface is controlled, as a function of said state of said interface, for maintain the depth of said interface below the mouth of at least one said source of fresh water.
PCT/FR2009/000076 2008-01-23 2009-01-23 Method and device for tapping undersea freshwater WO2009115657A2 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

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MX2010008084A MX2010008084A (en) 2008-01-23 2009-01-23 Method and device for tapping undersea freshwater.
EP09722422A EP2245234A2 (en) 2008-01-23 2009-01-23 Method and device for tapping undersea freshwater
US12/863,879 US20110038674A1 (en) 2008-01-23 2009-01-23 Method and device for tapping undersea freshwater
TNP2010000341A TN2010000341A1 (en) 2009-01-23 2010-07-21 Method and device for tapping undersea freshwater
IL207152A IL207152A0 (en) 2008-01-23 2010-07-22 Process and device for the collection of undersea freshwater
MA33109A MA32097B1 (en) 2008-01-23 2010-08-23 Method and device for capturing freshwater underwater

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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FR0800358A FR2926569A1 (en) 2008-01-23 2008-01-23 Fresh water collecting device, has control unit controlling flow rate of pump based on depth, and sensor measuring average level difference between water surfaces inside and outside envelope, respectively
FR0800359A FR2926570B1 (en) 2008-01-23 2008-01-23 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CAPTURING UNDERWATER FRESHWATER
FR0800359 2008-01-23
FR0800358 2008-01-23

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EP (1) EP2245234A2 (en)
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MA (1) MA32097B1 (en)
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GB2481917A (en) * 2010-07-07 2012-01-11 Alan Dennis Kirkby Oil and gas collection device with floating valve

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IL207152A0 (en) 2010-12-30
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US20110038674A1 (en) 2011-02-17
MX2010008084A (en) 2010-11-10

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