WO2009115062A2 - Capteur solaire en forme de plaque plate à fluide caloporteur et à protection contre le gel - Google Patents

Capteur solaire en forme de plaque plate à fluide caloporteur et à protection contre le gel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009115062A2
WO2009115062A2 PCT/CZ2009/000043 CZ2009000043W WO2009115062A2 WO 2009115062 A2 WO2009115062 A2 WO 2009115062A2 CZ 2009000043 W CZ2009000043 W CZ 2009000043W WO 2009115062 A2 WO2009115062 A2 WO 2009115062A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solar
panel
transparent
heat transfer
transfer fluid
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CZ2009/000043
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2009115062A3 (fr
Inventor
Stanislav Kulhayy
Original Assignee
Stanislav Kulhayy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CZ20080181A external-priority patent/CZ300813B6/cs
Priority claimed from CZ200920956U external-priority patent/CZ19806U1/cs
Application filed by Stanislav Kulhayy filed Critical Stanislav Kulhayy
Publication of WO2009115062A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009115062A2/fr
Publication of WO2009115062A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009115062A3/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/50—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • F24S10/72—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits the tubular conduits being integrated in a block; the tubular conduits touching each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
    • F24S40/60—Arrangements for draining the working fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
    • F24S40/70—Preventing freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S2020/10—Solar modules layout; Modular arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
    • F28F2265/14—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for preventing damage by freezing, e.g. for accommodating volume expansion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a solar collector of a flat plate design with heat transfer fluid and freeze protection.
  • the solar collector is comprised of solar panels made up of solar cells attached to a supporting frame. Each solar cell is made of a supporting panel made of black absorbent material absorbing solar light and heat eventually with a black absorbent surface or made of a transparent light and heat permitting material. On the side of the solar panel facing the sun there is a transparent panel that allows light and heat to pass through. The heat transfer fluid is led between this transparent panel and the other panel placed oppositely that has a surface that absorbs the solar radiation. Both panels are connected using binding matter. Under the transparent panel, each solar panel has attached at least one element, made of black absorbent material or with a black absorbent surface, absorbing light and thermal infrared radiation.
  • the solar panel also comprises an elastomer element as a freeze protection.
  • a wide range of inventions that resolve the freezing of the heat transfer fluid in solar collectors are known, e.g. chemicals against freezing are added to the heat transfer fluid.
  • Another solar cell solution primarily a pipe system, is equipped with another circuit with a hot flowing fluid which is fed into the system and is usually heated outside of it, i.e. electrically or with the help of electric means, submersible lines, thermal lines, etc.
  • Another solution is the creation of two types of metal pipe materials, one of which is expandable, e.g. a bellows that expands as it freezes.
  • a pipe system solution exists, where the freezing heat transfer fluid is protected in what is essentially a separate system, made from elastomer material.
  • a purpose of this solution is protection against pipes bursting during a freeze of water by method in which an elastomer element embracing a gas, e.g. air, is inserted into pipe elements.
  • the columnar elastomers and round bar elastomers, e.g. elastomer foam, are inserted into each pipe. .
  • the increase or decrease in the free volume of each of the pipes during the freezing and thawing of the heat transfer fluid is absorbed by these elastomer elements, which prevents the rupturing of the pipes for conducting the heat transfer fluid during period of freezing conditions.
  • the membrane works so that it contracts when the heat transfer fluid gets cold or freezes. Thus frozen heat transfer fluid cannot rupture the pipes because when the temperature changes the frozen heat transfer fluid thaws and the membrane increases its contracted volume.
  • Both inventions resolve the freeze protection for the heat transfer fluid in the pipe system using compressible pipe systems, inserted into an external pipe conduit.
  • This solution makes it possible to restore the function of the solar panel system when the ice thaws with the expansiveness of the compressible materials, without damaging the pipe system.
  • the apparent relatively low effectiveness of the transfer of solar energy caused by narrowing the circumference and the high hydraulic losses in the pipe system is a disadvantage.
  • the solution according to the Japanese patent application is simpler, and thus apparently also less expensive than the Canadian solution.
  • the Canadian solution enables a wide variability of compressible expansion materials - membranes. This structural solution is apparently demanding on production costs. It can be assumed that the lifespan of the membrane will be low due to the extreme stress.
  • Each sollar collector necessarily needs to its function under the upper panel that allows light and heat to pass through at least one element made of black absorbent material absorbing solar light and heat eventually with a black absorbent surface.
  • the gained heat is transfered into heat transfer fluid which is conducted between the upper transparent element and the oppositely arranged surface/s, absorbing sun radiation and thus the heat collecting surface.
  • each of the solar cells has at least one element, made from a black absorbent material or with a black absorbent surface, absorbing luminous and thermal infrared radiation under the light/thermal permitting transparent panel connected to a black supporting panel also from a material absorbing solar light and heat or with a black absorbent surface.
  • the said element is also simultaneously reversibly expandable and compressible elastomer dilatation element This dilatation element absorbs the thermal infrared radiation and its upper surface, facing the transparent panel, is shaped for the purpose of conducting the heat transfer fluid into compressible and expandable formations or is created by mutually-separated relief, compressible and expandable fo ⁇ nations and attached to the fixed supporting frame with an absorbent surface.
  • the overall absorbent surface of the dilatation element, or the overall absorbent surface of the separated relief formations and the absorbent surfaces of the supporting panels between them is larger than the surface light/thermal permitting transparent panel.
  • the absorbent surface of the dilatation element, or the absorbent surface of the supporting panel has a surface emissivity of 0.9 - 0.98 in the wavelength range of 1 to 7 ⁇ m, given by the chosen material or its surface treatment, for example, by roughing.
  • the main advantage of this invention is that the elastomer dilatation element, made from a black absorbent material or with a black absorbent surface absorbing luminous and thermal infrared radiation, serves as absorbing surface; and moreover dilatation element is shaped for conducting for heat tranfer fluid between this dilatatotion element/s and the upper transparent material; and in addition protects the solar panels when the heat transfer fluid freezes in cooler periods or in the winter. In cooler periods the elastomer dilatation element is compressed, leading to the protection of the solar cell with the heat transfer fluid against damage. Pressure, which originates when water freezes and leads to an increase in volume, e.g.
  • the dilatation element returns to its original shape after the water thaws.
  • a great advantage of the construction of this solar collector is that it makes it possible to work with pressurised water up to a pressure of 6 bars inside the solar cell.
  • the light admitting and absorbent flat plate surfaces are relatively large in comparison with pipe solar panels, so a relatively large surface of the solar energy is submitted and absorbed.
  • the overall absorbent surface of the dilatation elements which is larger than the overall surface of the transparent panels permitting solar radiation, limits the losses when the energy is transmitted.
  • An advantage of the solution is the high effectiveness of the transfer of the solar panel's infrared radiation into the heat transmitting fluid circuit when the absorbent surface is larger than the light permitting transparent panel.
  • the construction of the solar panel also ensures the high mechanical stability and resilience.
  • the dilatation element can be created from continuous layers attached to the supporting panel and equipped with relief elements (e.g. projections, grooves, etc.), used for the conduction of the heat transfer fluid, facing towards the transparent panel and the flowing heat transfer fluid.
  • the dilatation elements can also be created from individual separate relief formations, attached to the supporting panel (e.g. by separate projections and grooves) for the conduction of the heat transfer fluid.
  • the structural and material design of the dilatation elements so not only resolves the functions of the solar panel, and moreover contemporaneously creates a protection of sollar collector during freezing and thawing of watter, but simultaneously creates the conduction of the heat transfer fluid circuit in the solar panel.
  • Each solar panel can easily be replaced, their modular solar cells are also easy to replace.
  • the connecting element is also easy to exchange. This easy exchangeability permits a large variability and the application of various sizes and types of solar collectors.
  • the connecting element can have the shape of a cube or a block, which is easy for the production and for the actual construction and assembly of a solar panel with a flat plate design.
  • Each connecting element is not only meant for assembly and anchoring purposes, but also for the conduction and distribution of the heat transfer fluid in the solar panel.
  • Each connecting element is equipped with assembly openings for connecting the solar cells together and anchoring openings for anchoring the solar cells to the supporting frame.
  • the connecting elements ensure their own attachment function during assembly and during the actual use and application of the solar panel.
  • the connecting elements are also equipped with at least one through conduction opening for the distribution of heat transfer fluid, and for its supply and drainage to the solar panel and for the conduction and flow of the heat transfer fluid in the solar panel. Conduction openings are either straight and/or bent.
  • An external connecting element, arranged on the edge of the solar collector is equipped with at least one conduction opening for the supplied or drained heat transfer fluid between the outer and inner solar panel.
  • the inner connecting element, arranged on the inner side of the solar panel is equipped with at least two conduction openings for the supply or draining of heat transfer fluid between the adjacent solar cells.
  • the connecting elements with conduction openings are part of the structural formation of the solar panel's heat transfer fluid circuit.
  • the solar cell may also be equipped with a cover from transparent solar light permitting material, resistant against mechanical damage.
  • This cover is also easily exchangeable and serves as external protection against mechanical damage.
  • the cover can be shaped on the surface for the flow of water, e.g. like a roof tile, especially when used for roof coverings.
  • the supporting frame, assembly and anchoring elements are made of metal.
  • the transparent and supporting panel of the solar cell, connecting elements and cover are made of technical plastics.
  • the dilatation elements are made of elastomer material.
  • At least one reinforcement preferentially perpendicularly-oriented between the transparent and supporting panel of the solar cell (used to further increase the mechanical stability wherever it may be required) represents another improvement of the solar panel.
  • the closed circuit of the heat transfer fluid e.g. water
  • the closed circuit of the heat transfer fluid can be protected against algae by having the reinforcement made preferably from metal equipped with silver or copper plating.
  • each solar cell can be equipped by at least one inner air insulation space with optical properties between the transparent panel of the hollow transparent part and the transparent cover.
  • the transparent cover is equipped by the projections on its lower part, and thus an inner air insulation space, comprising the interspace between the projections in transparent cover and transparent panel, has the optical properties.
  • each solar cell has a supporting panel and a transparent panel made of a light and heat permitting material and both panels are integrally connected by at least one side wall to the hollow transparent part.
  • Each transparent part is equipped with an entry opening and an exit opening for heat transfer fluid.
  • the transparent part has mutually-separated hollow channels inside its compact substance, connected to the heat transfer fluid's entry opening and an exit opening and it is equipped with a element, made of a black absorbent material or with a black absorbent surface absorbing luminous and thermal infrared radiation.
  • the said element is simultaneously a reversible expandable and compressible elastomer dilatation element.
  • this dilatation element Upon of this dilatation element is created a free space for flow of heat tranfer fluid.
  • the dilatation element is created either from a solid layer, and it is shaped for the conduction of the heat transfer fluid to the reversibly expandable and compressible relief formations, preferably grooves, and/or the dilatation elements are created from individually jointly-separated relief shapes, reversibly compressible and expandable.
  • the overall absorbent surface of the dilatation element or the overall absorbent surface of the separated relief formations of the dilatation element has a surface emissivity of 0.9 to 0.98 in the wavelength range of 1 to 7 ⁇ m.
  • Each reversibly compressible and expandable elastomer dilatation element made of black absorbent material or with a black absorbent surface absorbing luminous and thermal infrared radiation is comprised of at least one pair of dilatation elements situated in a line parallel to the supporting and transparent panel of the transparent part.
  • the first dilatation element is made up of a carrier that bears the ridges and which abuts against the inner side wall of the hollow transparent part.
  • the carrier's ridges are mutually separated and arranged lengthwise between the heat transfer fluid's entry and the exit openings and inserted into the channels inside the hollow transparent part.
  • a free space for the flow of the heat transfer fluid from the entry opening to the exit opening is created in the channels, above the ridges and under the facing transparent panel of the transparent part.
  • the open ends of the ridges of the first dilatation element closely abut on the second dilatation element of a flat plate design, which closely abuts on the inner side wall of the hollow transparent part and created so an dilatation element in lateral side of accumulating part-
  • Each solar cell is equipped from the outside, in the side walls with the entry and exit openings for the heat transfer fluid, with fillings sealed by inner seals.
  • Each solar cell is equipped by at least one inner air insulation space with optical properties between the transparent panel of the hollow transparent part and the transparent cover. Furthermore each solar cell is also equipped with at least one outer air lightening space in the transparent supporting panel of the hollow transparent part on its outer side facing the supporting construction or base.
  • the air lightened space can be equipped on its outer surface by a facing supporting construction or base by a reflection surface to reflect the solar radiation, passing through the translucent space of the transparent part between the ridges of the non-transparent dilatation elements.
  • the advantages of the alternative arrangement of the solar cell pursuant to this technical solution with the transparent part and the alternative dilatation elements is a further improvement in that the mechanical resistance of the solar cell, and thereby the entire solar panel, is increased, both on the effect of the external pressure on the solar cell or solar panel and the effect of the internal pressure inside the solar cell.
  • the use of the transparent part which can be made from one piece and whose inner hollow channels are used both for the placement of the ridges of black absorbent dilatation elements and for the flow of the heat transfer fluid, is an advantage
  • the production of one transparent part is easy to make and lower in cost, while one transparent part increases the seal of the solar cell.
  • the dilatation elements comprised of two parts, are easy to manufacture and have a high mechanical strength with high-quality thermal radiation absorption.
  • the air insulation space increases the thermal insulation of the solar cell and thereby also the entire solar panel, so the accumulated thermal energy has a higher efficiency.
  • the air lightened space between the solar cell or the solar panel and the thermal insulation base also improves the thermal insulation properties and decreases costs for the solar panel.
  • the air lightened space with the reflective surface increases the reflection of the solar radiation that has passed through the translucent space of the supporting panel between the ridges of the non-transparent alternative dilatation elements.
  • Fig. 1 represents an axonometric view of the heat transfer solar panel comprised of 9 solar cells
  • Fig. 2 represents a view of a solar cell from above
  • Fig. 3 represents an axonometric view of the disassembled parts of a solar panel
  • Fig. 4 represents an axonometric view of a dilatation element
  • Fig. 5 represents an A-A cross section of the solar cell from Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 6 represents the axonometric view from Fig. 1, in a partial view of the connecting element
  • Fig. 7 represents detail B from Fig. 6 of the connecting element
  • Fig. 8 represents a detailed view of the connecting element itself
  • Fig. 9 represents an axonometric view of the alternative solar cell disassembled
  • Fig. 10 represents a view of the alternative solar cell from above
  • Fig. 11 represents an A-A cross section from Fig. 10;
  • Fig. 12 represents a B-B cross section from Fig. 10;
  • Fig. 13 represents a view of the alternative solar cell from below
  • Fig. 14 represents a C-C cross section from Fig. 13;
  • Fig. 15 represents a D-D cross section from Fig. 13.
  • the solar collector with a flat plate design comprised of exchangeable solar panels I, in essentially a similar or identical shape, suitable for modular arrangement.
  • the solar panel I in essentially a flat plate design, axonometrically represented in Fig. 1 is comprised of 9 exchangeable solar cells 2 as the modular construction elements.
  • the solar cells 2 are mutually connected into one solar panel J. unit, e.g. with dimensions of 330 x 330 mm and about 25 mm thick.
  • a solar panel 1 set can be made in other dimensions as well.
  • the view of a solar cell 2 from above, displayed in Fig. 2, represents the view through the upper transparent panel 3, made in the specific implementation example from technical transparent plastic (e.g. Lexan BSP) with excellent mechanical, optical, thermal and electrical insulation characteristics, providing the high permeability of infrared radiation.
  • a black opaque dilatation element 4 with grooves 4a on its upper surface shows through under the transparent panel 3.
  • the absorbent surface of the dilatation element, or the absorbent surface of the supporting panel has a surface emissivity of 0.9 - 0.98 in the wavelength range of 1 to 7 ⁇ m, given by the chosen material or its surface treatment, for example, by roughing.
  • Each solar cell 2 is made from three panels, represented in Fig. 3, specifically the upper transparent panel 3 permitting solar radiation, under which the black opaque and light-absorbing dilatation element 4 is attached to the supporting panel 5.
  • the dilatation element 4 is represented in Fig. 4 in an axonometric view.
  • the dilatation element 4 in this concrete implementation example is made from elastomer material, e.g. from compressed material with the brand name Elastron, for which the hardness can be set.
  • the dilatation element 4 must be compressible when the heat transfer fluid is frozen.
  • the surface of the dilatation element 4 faces toward the transparent panel 2 equipped with grooves 4a arranged one after the other in parallel in regular intervals in a labyrinth for conducting the heat transfer fluid.
  • the dilatation element 4 can also have an upper surface for the conduction of the heat transfer fluid in other manners not depicted, such as separated grooves, divided projections, etc. attached to the supporting panel 5.
  • Each dilatation element 4 is equipped with two through openings 6, 7.
  • One opening 6 is used for the supply of heat transfer fluid, the second opening 7 for the drainage of heat transfer fluid.
  • These two openings 6, 7 connect to the through openings 6, 2 in the supporting panel 5 .
  • the dilatation element 4 must return to its original shape in order to enable the heat transfer fluid to flow between its upper surface, e.g. the groves 4a, or between the non-depicted projections on the supporting panel 5, and the lower surface of the transparent panel 3_.
  • the supporting panel £ is made, for example, from construction plastic (e.g.
  • the dilatation element 4 is made from divided (non-depicted) projections attached to the supporting panel 5, then its surface must also be black and absorb solar energy.
  • the absorbent surface of the dilatation element 4 and, if necessary, the absorbent surface of the supporting panel 5_ has a surface with a high emissivity on the scale of 0.9 - 0.98 in the wavelength range of 1 to 7 ⁇ m, given by the chosen material or its surface treatment, for example, by roughing.
  • the high emissivity can be achieved by the creation of microgrooves on the surface of the absorbent material with a depth larger than its span.
  • the overall absorbent surface of the dilatation element 4 is always larger than the total surface of the transparent panel 3, which contributes to the good transmission of energy and a limitation on the loss of the transferred energy.
  • the A-A cross section (Fig. 5) of the solar cell 2 from Fig. 2 shows the arrangement of the individual panels one after the other, specifically the supporting panel 5 to which the dilatation element 4 is attached, upon which the transparent panel 3 . is fixed, over which there can be a transparent cover 8 attached to ensure, among other things, the passage of the sun's rays as well as the mechanical strength of the upper part of the solar panel ⁇ _.
  • the cover S can be removable and replaceable.
  • the cover 8 is made, for example, from technical plastic with the brand name Krasten. This is a highly resistant polystyrene plastic whose impact resistance is about 55 KJ .m "2 and whose hardness, measured by indentation, of 80 N.mm '2 .
  • the use of the cover 8 is suitable in the case of the use of the solar panel anywhere where mechanical abrasion and damage can occur.
  • the cover 8 can be shaped similarly to a roof tile, allowing water to flow over its surface.
  • the solar panel I represented in Fig. 6 has the upper part of the solar panels 2 with a view to the supporting frame 9 and connecting elements 10 uncovered. All of these connecting elements Jj) are constructed and arranged so that they are variable when putting the solar panels i together and in order to make them easily replaceable if necessary.
  • the connecting elements K) are preferentially cubes or blocks, but can have other shapes, e.g. rounded.
  • the connecting elements JO fulfil more functions: not only the necessary anchoring and assembly function, but also the function of distributing the heat transfer fluid as is evident from Fig. 6.
  • the solar cells 2 arranged on the edge of the solar panel I are connected by external connecting elements IQa with a single entry opening 6 for the supply of heat transfer fluid or with one exit opening 7 for the drainage of heat transfer fluid.
  • the through openings 6, 7 in this concrete implementation example are shaped in a straight direction for the conduction of the fluid between the adjacent solar cells 2, or they have bent through openings 6, 7, e.g. at a right angle in the case of the entry/exit of the fluid in the solar cell 2.
  • Inside the solar panel I the arranged solar cells 2 are connected to each other by internal connecting elements IQb, from which each has two through openings 6, 7 for the divided flows of the heat transfer fluid taking heat away or transferring heat.
  • the through connecting elements K), IQa, IQb, bent or right-angled, can be in the "left or right position," i.e. the opening is created as needed by the conduction of the heat transfer fluid in the solar panel L
  • Fig. 7 detail B of the connecting element IQb from the solar panel I is displayed.
  • This connecting element IQb is equipped with two openings 6, 7 for the conduction of the heat transfer fluid.
  • the connecting element IQb is also equipped with assembly openings ⁇ for the assembly of the solar cells 2 between themselves and also anchoring openings ⁇ 2 for anchoring the solar cells 2 to the supporting frame 9.
  • the connecting elements K), IQa, IQb are made of technical plastic, e.g. of the Forsan
  • the sole metal part of the solar panel I can be the supporting frame 9 and the non-depicted assembly elements, e.g. screws, for connecting the solar cells 2 to each other and the non- depicted anchoring elements, e.g. screws, for anchoring the solar cells 2 to the supporting frame 9.
  • the non-depicted assembly elements e.g. screws
  • the non- depicted anchoring elements e.g. screws
  • the construction of the solar panel I according to this technical solution with suitably chosen materials shows exceptional mechanical stability in addition to the excellent characteristics of the solar panel I itself.
  • the construction of this solar panel I makes it possible to work with pressurised water up to a pressure of 6 bars inside the solar cells 2.
  • the solar panels I can also be used as flooring around swimming pools, before garage entries, before entrances to buildings, etc. At least one reinforcement between the solar cell's transparent and supporting panels increases the mechanical stability where required.
  • the closed circuit of the heat transfer fluid e.g. water
  • the closed circuit of the heat transfer fluid is protected against algae by plating the reinforcement of the solar cell with silver or copper.
  • Each solar cell 2 can be equipped between the hollow transparent panel 3 and the transparent cover 8 by at least one non-depicted internal air insulation space with optical characteristics, because it acts as a lens when the solar radiation passes through it from the transparent cover 8 to the transparent panel 3.
  • the supporting black panel 5 can be equipped on its outer side facing the supporting construction 9 or base by at least one non-depicted outer air lightening space. Both air spaces improve the insulation characteristics of the solar collector L
  • the solar panel 1 works as follows:
  • Infrared solar radiation passes through the transparent optical panel 3, which permits almost all incident radiation.
  • the passed radiation is absorbed in the second, internal, surface of the optical panel 3 by the flowing heat transfer fluid and that part of the equipment that the heat transfer fluid goes through is absorbed in the black, segmented surface of the dilatation elements
  • the absorption of the energy raises the temperature of the dilatation elements 4 and this heat is drained by the still flowing heat transfer fluid for consumption.
  • the radiation of heated dilatation elements 4 is long-wave radiation, i.e. in the range in which the transparent panel 3 is impermeable for radiation, so practically all the energy passing from outside is kept in the solar panel I and passed to the heat transfer fluid.
  • this cover 8 must also fulfil the conditions for the good permeability of infrared solar radiation.
  • the solar panel's 1 heat transfer fluid circuit is subject to the danger that the freezing or frozen content of the heat transfer fluid that remains in the solar cell 2 damages or even entirely destroys the solar panel I by an increase in volume.
  • the absorbent layer of the dilatation element 4 is flexible and thus can dilate or contract according to the changing volume of the heat transfer fluid.
  • the strengths of the submitted solution is that there is little pressure lost in the solar panel I, which makes it possible for the heat transfer fluid to be circulate on the process of gravity circulation, without a circulation pump.
  • the high degree of solar energy use is ensured by a suitable selection of material for the light-permitting and light-absorbing panels.
  • the alternative arrangement represents a further improvement to the solar collector, specifically in the arrangement of the alternative solar cell 2JL, which is illustrated in virtually disassembled state on Fig. 9, and in compacted state on Fig 10 in a view from above, and on Fig. 13 in a view from below.
  • Each solar cell 2 ⁇ _ has a supporting panel 5 . and a transparent panel 3_ made of one light and heat permitting material. Both panels 3, 5 . are integrally connected by at least one side wall to the hollow transparent part 100, where the supporting panel 5_ actually makes the bottom and the upper transparent panel 3 makes the upper arch of the hollow transparent part 100.
  • the transparent part 100 is created from one piece as a square hollow panel when looking from above or from below. It enables to made the transparent part 100 by only on process, i.e. by the injection, pressing, casting from plastic material, including of all necessary openings and channels, what substantially reduces the production costs as a whole.
  • Other shapes of the transparent part 100 such as rectangular, round or in other shapes according to the customer's requirements, can also be created.
  • Each transparent part 100 is equipped with an entry opening 6 and an exit opening 7 for the heat transfer fluid.
  • the hollow transparent part 100 has mutually-separated hollow channels inside its compact substance, connected to the heat transfer fluid's entry opening and exit opening 6, 7 and it is equipped with a reversible expandable and compressible elastomer dilatation element 4, made of a black absorbent material or with a black absorbent surface absorbing luminous and thermal infrared radiation.
  • the dilatation element 4 can be created either from a solid layer, and it is shaped for the conduction of the heat transfer fluid to the reversibly expandable and compressible relief formations, preferably grooves 4a, and/or the dilatation elements 4 are created from individually jointly-separated relief shapes, reversibly compressible and expandable.
  • Each dilatation element 4 is made of a black absorbent material absorbing solar light and heat or with a black absorbent surface absorbing solar light and heat.
  • the overall absorbent surface of the dilatation element 4 or the overall absorbent surface of the separated relief formations of the dilatation element 4 has a surface emissivity of 0.9 to 0.98 in the wavelength range of 1 to 7 ⁇ m.
  • each reversibly expandable and compressible elastomer dilatation element 4 is made of black absorbent material or with a black absorbent surface absorbing luminous and thermal infrared radiation from at leat one pair of dilatation elements situated on a level parallel to the supporting and transparent panels 3, 5 of the transparent part 100.
  • One pair of dilatation elements 4 ⁇ _, 42 . represents that most suitable and simplest arrangement for a common sized solar cell 2 ⁇ _, the easiest production and also the clearer arrangement for further description and explanation.
  • the pair of dilatation elements 4J ⁇ , 4.2 is made up of the first dilatation element 4 ⁇ _ and the second dilatation element 4_2, which in the assembled state are essentially planar and places inside the transparent part 100.
  • the first dilatation element 4JL is created from a flat plane carrier 13 bearing ridges ⁇ 4 (Fig. 9-11), situated in the lower part of channels, created in the compact material of transparent part 100.
  • the ridges 14 in channels are created in such way that its effective absorbing surface occupies the greatest ratio from the whole surface of ground plane the solar cell 2. This absorbing surface of ridges 14 is situated at the biggest section of channels.
  • the second dilatation element 4_2 has a flat planar shape (Fig. 9).
  • the carrier 13 of dilatation element 4.1 and the second dilatation element 4.2 serve as a protection the near lateral side with openings 6, 7 of transparent part 100 against freezing.
  • the first dilatation element 4J_ has a carrier K3 closely abutting the inner side wall of the hollow transparent part 100.
  • the ridges 14 of the carrier 13 are mutually separated and arranged in parallel lengthwise between the entry and exit openings 6, 7 of the heat transfer fluid and are placed in the channels inside the hollow transparent part 100.
  • An open space is created in the channels over the ridges 14. and the facing transparent panel 3_ of the transparent part 100 for the flow of the heat transfer fluid from the entry opening 6 to the exit opening 7.
  • the inner surface of the upper transparent panel 3 and the inner surface of the lower supporting panel 5 of the transparent part 100 is shaped to the opposite situated half-rounded surfaces, mutually creating separate channels in parallel inside the compact material of the transparent part 100.
  • the ridges M of the first dilatation element 4J ⁇ go into the lower part of these channels, one ridge 14 into each channel. Heat transfer fluid flows from the entry opening 6 to the exit opening 7 in the upper part of these channels.
  • the ridges' 14 open ends 15, facing the carrier 13, of the first dilatation element 4J_ closely abut on the second dilatation element 4 ⁇ 2 of a flat plate design, which closely abuts on the inner side wall of the hollow transparent part 100.
  • the seal JjS is place on the outside of the ridges 14 of the first dilatation element 4 ⁇ _ over its outer edge (Fig. 9, 12).
  • Another seal Jj6 abuts on the opposite open ends 15. of the ridges 14, right before the facing edge of the second dilatation element 4_2 (Fig- 9,12).
  • the transparent part 100 is covered by the transparent cover 8 .
  • Parts assembled in this manner are thoroughly connected to each other.
  • the opposite side wall of the solar cell 2J_ with the entry and exit openings 6, 7 for the heat transfer fluid is eventually covered by filler Jj? (Fig 9, 11).
  • the seal 16 and filler 19 limit the penetration of water from the space inside the alternative solar cell 2 ⁇ , to the space outside. This arrangement increases the overall mechanical solidity of each alternative solar cell 2 ⁇ . and after the setup of the solar panel I.
  • each alternative solar cell 2J is equipped with one insulation air space 18 with optical characteristics between the transparent panel 3 and the transparent cover 8 in the specific implementation example.
  • the insulation air space 18 includes also the interspaces between the projections 20 at lower surface of cover 8.
  • the interspaces between the projections 20 have a cylindrical form of optical properties (Fig. 11,12).
  • This inner air insulation space 18 demonstrates optical characteristics because it acts as a lens when the solar radiation hits the translucent cover 8, covered by the transparent panel 3 with_projections 20 (Fig. 1 1), which created the cylindrical interspaces in a shape of cylindrical lens over the longitudinal ridges 14.
  • the solar cell 2J In outer side of the supporting panel 5 facing the non-displayed base the solar cell 2J .
  • the air lightened space !£ located between the outer side of the supporting panel 5 and the non- displayed thermal insulation base acting particularly as a thermal insulation layer. It lowers the weight of the product and the price of the alternative solar cell 2J,.
  • the lightened air space j_9 can be on the surface of the supporting panel 5 equipped with a specularly reflecting surface, which can be realised by a reflective sheet, or by a reflective layer or a reflective coating, etc.
  • the solution is meant for industry, construction and household use, especially for flooring, roofs and exterior walls and can also be used simply as a design element.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à un capteur solaire composé de panneaux solaires facilement remplaçables (1) en forme de plaque plate à cellules solaires remplaçables (2) et fluide caloporteur. Chaque cellule solaire (2) est équipée d’un élément (4, 4.1, 4.2) composé d’un matériau absorbant les rayons de chaleur, qui est simultanément un élément de dilatation élastomère expansible et compressible réversible (4) pour éviter l’endommagement des cellules solaires (2) lorsque le fluide caloporteur (par exemple, l’eau) gèle. La surface supérieure de l’élément de dilatation (4, 4.1, 4.2), avec son émissivité élevée, est façonnée pour la conduction du fluide caloporteur dans la cellule solaire (2). Les cellules solaires (2) sont reliées les unes aux autres par des éléments de liaison variables et échangeables (10, 10a, 10b), non seulement à ouvertures d’ensemble (11) et ouvertures d’ancrage (12), mais également à ouvertures (6, 7) pour la distribution du fluide caloporteur. Les cellules solaires (2) peuvent être recouvertes par un couvercle transparent échangeable (8). La cellule solaire (2) peut être équipée d’un renforcement entre le panneau transparent (3) et le panneau de soutien (5), qui peut être équipé d’un revêtement en argent ou en cuivre. L’autre cellule solaire (2.1) est équipée d’une partie transparente (100), de préférence monobloc, logée à l’intérieur des canaux servant à la mise en place des éléments de dilatation (4.1, 4.2) et à l’écoulement du fluide caloporteur. Les cellules solaires (2, 2.1) peuvent être équipées d’un espace intérieur d’isolation d’air (18) et/ou par un espace extérieur d’atténuation d’air (19).
PCT/CZ2009/000043 2008-03-20 2009-03-20 Capteur solaire en forme de plaque plate à fluide caloporteur et à protection contre le gel WO2009115062A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZPV2008-181 2008-03-20
CZ20080181A CZ300813B6 (cs) 2008-03-20 2008-03-20 Solární kolektor, deskovitého typu s teplonosnou kapalinou a ochranou pri zamrzání
CZPUV2009-20956 2009-03-06
CZ200920956U CZ19806U1 (cs) 2009-03-06 2009-03-06 Solární kolektor, deskovitého typu s teplonosnou kapalinou a ochranou při zamrzání

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WO2009115062A2 true WO2009115062A2 (fr) 2009-09-24
WO2009115062A3 WO2009115062A3 (fr) 2010-05-20

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104676724A (zh) * 2013-11-30 2015-06-03 庞群 室内暖气自动供应装置
GB2526900A (en) * 2014-02-16 2015-12-09 Brendan Patrick Ruff Modular double glazed long narrow solar collector and mounting means
GB2552941A (en) * 2016-08-08 2018-02-21 Ian Williams Christopher A low cost flat plate solar thermal hot water panel that can tolerate freezing or lack of water without damage, can be used as roofing sheets
WO2022259112A1 (fr) * 2021-06-11 2022-12-15 Zodiac Pool Care Europe Systèmes et techniques d'atténuation de fissures pour des boîtiers contenant de l'eau soumis à des températures de gel

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2410228A1 (fr) * 1977-11-24 1979-06-22 Chavin Philippe Absorbeur pour capteur solaire
US4210122A (en) * 1976-08-11 1980-07-01 Artweger-Industrie-Gesellschaft M.B.H. Energy conversion apparatus
GB2060858A (en) * 1979-08-18 1981-05-07 Spencer Thomas I J Solar heater and solar heating systems
GB1591808A (en) * 1978-03-01 1981-06-24 Pearce F H Solar energy collector panels
FR2478161A1 (fr) * 1980-03-11 1981-09-18 Fabre Jean Perfectionnements apportes aux conduits, enceintes, ou recipients pour fluides, et en particulier pour les liquides
FR2493371A1 (fr) * 1980-10-31 1982-05-07 Moyne Paul Dispositif de protection permettant d'eviter les degats dus au gel de liquides dans des tuyauteries ou elements d'appareils faisant office de tuyauteries
FR2513363A1 (fr) * 1981-09-21 1983-03-25 Barbizet Michel Insolateur antigel a face arriere souple
JPS58205047A (ja) * 1982-05-26 1983-11-29 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 太陽熱温水器
GB2404241A (en) * 2003-07-24 2005-01-26 Robin Matthew Hilder Heat exchanger especially for solar water heating
JP2005265251A (ja) * 2004-03-17 2005-09-29 Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd 太陽熱温水器
CN2835899Y (zh) * 2005-07-21 2006-11-08 玉荫喜 一种平板型太阳能集热器

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4210122A (en) * 1976-08-11 1980-07-01 Artweger-Industrie-Gesellschaft M.B.H. Energy conversion apparatus
FR2410228A1 (fr) * 1977-11-24 1979-06-22 Chavin Philippe Absorbeur pour capteur solaire
GB1591808A (en) * 1978-03-01 1981-06-24 Pearce F H Solar energy collector panels
GB2060858A (en) * 1979-08-18 1981-05-07 Spencer Thomas I J Solar heater and solar heating systems
FR2478161A1 (fr) * 1980-03-11 1981-09-18 Fabre Jean Perfectionnements apportes aux conduits, enceintes, ou recipients pour fluides, et en particulier pour les liquides
FR2493371A1 (fr) * 1980-10-31 1982-05-07 Moyne Paul Dispositif de protection permettant d'eviter les degats dus au gel de liquides dans des tuyauteries ou elements d'appareils faisant office de tuyauteries
FR2513363A1 (fr) * 1981-09-21 1983-03-25 Barbizet Michel Insolateur antigel a face arriere souple
JPS58205047A (ja) * 1982-05-26 1983-11-29 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 太陽熱温水器
GB2404241A (en) * 2003-07-24 2005-01-26 Robin Matthew Hilder Heat exchanger especially for solar water heating
JP2005265251A (ja) * 2004-03-17 2005-09-29 Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd 太陽熱温水器
CN2835899Y (zh) * 2005-07-21 2006-11-08 玉荫喜 一种平板型太阳能集热器

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104676724A (zh) * 2013-11-30 2015-06-03 庞群 室内暖气自动供应装置
GB2526900A (en) * 2014-02-16 2015-12-09 Brendan Patrick Ruff Modular double glazed long narrow solar collector and mounting means
GB2552941A (en) * 2016-08-08 2018-02-21 Ian Williams Christopher A low cost flat plate solar thermal hot water panel that can tolerate freezing or lack of water without damage, can be used as roofing sheets
WO2022259112A1 (fr) * 2021-06-11 2022-12-15 Zodiac Pool Care Europe Systèmes et techniques d'atténuation de fissures pour des boîtiers contenant de l'eau soumis à des températures de gel

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