WO2009109957A1 - Régulateur électronique de puissance de courant alternatif - Google Patents

Régulateur électronique de puissance de courant alternatif Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009109957A1
WO2009109957A1 PCT/IL2009/000212 IL2009000212W WO2009109957A1 WO 2009109957 A1 WO2009109957 A1 WO 2009109957A1 IL 2009000212 W IL2009000212 W IL 2009000212W WO 2009109957 A1 WO2009109957 A1 WO 2009109957A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
input
circuit
output
current
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IL2009/000212
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Shimon Limor
Original Assignee
Power Electronics Systems (2006) Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Power Electronics Systems (2006) Ltd. filed Critical Power Electronics Systems (2006) Ltd.
Publication of WO2009109957A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009109957A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/22—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M5/275—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/293—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/22—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M5/275—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/293—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/2932—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage, current or power
    • H02M5/2935—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage, current or power using reverse phase control, i.e. turn-on of switches in series with load at zero crossing of input voltage, turn-off before next zero crossing

Definitions

  • the present invention in some embodiments thereof, relates to a phase control system for supplying power and, more particularly, but not exclusively, to a bridge type system.
  • Prior art systems for controlling power are well known in the art.
  • One popular type of system utilizes phase control to change the power fed to a load.
  • phase control In general, such systems switch the voltage from an input to an output, with the voltage control manifesting itself in which portion of the input sinusoidal voltage is passed.
  • phase control systems since the control of the system is based on the firing angle of the switches used to switch the voltage.
  • Fig. 1 shows a typical phase control system of the prior art.
  • an input voltage from line 1 1 is monitored by a controller 61 to determine the phase of the input.
  • the input voltage is fed to a pair of thyristors 41 and 42 whose firing is controlled by controller 61 via control lines 62 and 63. It the absence of a firing voltage, thyristors can stand off a high voltage in both directions.
  • the thyristor is fired, the voltage across the thyristor falls to a low value and it passes a current.
  • the thyristor extinguishes and reverts to its high impedance state.
  • a pair of thyristors is usually provided so that power is transmitted on both the positive and negative swings of the input voltage.
  • WO 00/029853 describes a current control circuit utilizing pulse width modulation by IGB transistors which provide very fast switching and high standoff voltages.
  • a circuit that receives a sinusoidal input voltage and produces an AC voltage having a variable value, comprising: an input for connection of a the sinusoidal input voltage; an output for connection to a load; and a switching circuit that transmits a controllable portion of the input voltage starting at a zero crossing thereof to the output.
  • the switching circuit interrupts the transmission at a phase at which the input voltage is not zero.
  • the switching circuit comprises: a bridge connected between said input and output and comprising four arms in which in each arm comprises a rectifier circuit which passes current in only one direction, the diodes in a direct line between input and output passing current in different directions such that no current passes from input to output in said direct line; and a unidirectional switch connected between the diodes of the two arms.
  • a circuit that receives a sinusoidal input voltage and produces an AC voltage having a variable value, comprising: an input for connection of a the sinusoidal input voltage; an output for connection to a load; and a switching circuit comprising a bridge connected between said input and output and comprising four arms in which in each arm comprises a rectifier circuit which passes current in only one direction, the diodes in a direct line between input and output passing current in different directions such that no current passes from input to output in said direct line; and a unidirectional switch connected between the diodes of the two arms.
  • the circuit a controller which receives an indication of phase from the input and closes the switch at substantially zero voltage and opens the switch at a controllable phase of the input voltage.
  • the switching circuit utilizes a transistor as a switching element, said switching element carrying the load current.
  • the transistor is an insulated- gate bipolar (IGB) transistor.
  • the load current passes through only a single controllable switching element between the input and the output.
  • the switching element is a unidirectional switching element.
  • the circuit includes a capacitive matching circuit connected between the output and a load.
  • a method for controlling voltage transmitted from an input AC source to a load comprising: transmitting a controllable portion of the voltage of the AC source starting at each zero voltage of the input; and turning off the transmitted portion of the AC source voltage at a controllable voltage other than zero.
  • Implementation of the method and/or system of embodiments of the invention can involve performing or completing selected tasks manually, automatically, or a combination thereof.
  • several selected tasks could be implemented by hardware, by software or by firmware or by a combination thereof using an operating system.
  • hardware for performing selected tasks according to embodiments of the invention could be implemented as a chip or a circuit.
  • selected tasks according to embodiments of the invention could be implemented as a plurality of software instructions being executed by a computer using any suitable operating system.
  • a data processor such as a computing platform for executing a plurality of instructions.
  • the data processor includes a volatile memory for storing instructions and/or data and/or a non-volatile storage, for example, a magnetic hard-disk and/or removable media, for storing instructions and/or data.
  • a network connection is provided as well.
  • a display and/or a user input device such as a keyboard or mouse are optionally provided as well.
  • FIG. 1 is a prior art embodiment of a phase control system for supplying variable voltage
  • FIG. 2 is a conceptual general block diagram of a system for supplying variable power to a load, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows signal waveforms for the embodiments of FIGs. 2 and 5;
  • FIG. 4 shows signal waveforms for the embodiments of FIG. l;
  • FIG. 5 is a simplified circuit diagram of a system for supplying variable power to a load, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • the present invention in some embodiments thereof, relates to a phase control system for supplying power and, more particularly, but not exclusively, to a bridge type system.
  • An aspect of some embodiments of the invention is concerned with phase control variable voltage systems in which the output voltage starts at zero phase of the input and turns off at some other phase. This is in contrast to thyristor circuits in which the switch shuts off at zero current and thus must fire at some phase other than zero in order to provide voltage control.
  • the system employs a bridge circuit in which a, preferably unidirectional, switch, such as an IGB transistor, is used as the switching element.
  • a switch such as an IGB transistor
  • An aspect of some embodiments of the invention is concerned with a phase control variable voltage systems in which the output voltage is controlled by a switching circuit comprising a bridge connected between its input and output and comprising four arms in which in each arm comprises a rectifier circuit which passes current in only one direction, the diodes in a direct line between input and output passing current in different directions such that no current passes from input to output in said direct line.
  • a switching circuit comprising a bridge connected between its input and output and comprising four arms in which in each arm comprises a rectifier circuit which passes current in only one direction, the diodes in a direct line between input and output passing current in different directions such that no current passes from input to output in said direct line.
  • a load 31 (shown as a motor in this example) is fed by a voltage switching circuit 12 from a line source 11.
  • a matching circuit 81 is provided to adjust and reduce the power factor seen by the line. As will be explained below, such matching is generally not possible for the circuit of Fig. 1.
  • Switching circuit 12 comprises a controller 66 which receives information on the phase of the input voltage via a line 13 and provides switching signals to a switching unit 44 which can be a unidirectional switch via a line 67.
  • the switch is connected between two opposite junctions of a bridge circuit whose other two junctions are connected to the input and output of circuit 12, respectively.
  • the unidirectional switch can be any unidirectional switch which can open at a high voltage.
  • the element when used to control power from the line, the element must be able to reliably open at instantaneous voltages in excess of 200, 300, 400 or 500 volts and carry currents suitable for the loads used, which may be in the range of 1 - 10, 10- 100 or more amperes.
  • Fig. 3 shows the voltage waveforms of the circuit of Fig. 3 in operation, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 3 shows the input voltage, namely the voltage supplied to circuit 12 of Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 3(b) shows a trigger voltage supplied by controller 66 (assuming that the switch is normally open).
  • Fig. 3(c) shows the current waveform through switch 44 and Fig. 3(d) shows current fed from a particular matching circuit 81, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, to the load 31.
  • Fig. 3(b) illustrates the switch control signal 67.
  • the switch controller 66 closes the switch whenever the generator 11 voltage crosses zero, i.e. on phases zero and ⁇ .
  • the switch controller 66 opens the switch twice in each cycle on predetermined time phase depending on the amount of power desired to deliver to the load.
  • Fig. 3(c) illustrates the current flow through the unidirectional switch 44. If the load is properly matched the current will approximately follow the generator voltage. Due to the bridge, both negative and positive voltage polarities will generate a positive current flow in the unidirectional switch 44. The current on the unidirectional switch 44 will be cut off when the controller switched off, however as illustrated in Figure 6(d) the current flow through the load 31 might continue for a while until the capacitors in the matching circuits 81 will be discharged. The nature of the current on the load 31 is obviously alternating.
  • the switch closes at the zero crossing of the input voltage and opens at some later phase as compared to the prior art system of Fig. 1 in which the switch opens at some phase and closes at the zero crossing.
  • the circuit Fig. 1 is not amenable to a very common type of matching for heavy loads such as motors. Most motors present inductive loads at their input. In an effort to reduce the power factor of the input it is common to provide a large capacitance at the input to the motor so that the power factor is near 1. Since the circuit of Fig. 1 provides a large step in voltage to the load when the thyristor switches, the use of a large capacitor would cause a large inrush of current at switching. Thus, capacitive matching of motors is generally precluded when thyristor type phase voltage control is employed. Thus, in addition to the power factor reduction of the voltage control, the inherent power factor can not be corrected.
  • Fig. 4 shows the voltage and current waveforms for the prior art circuit of Fig. 1. It is presented as a contrast to Fig. 3 to clarify the substantial operational differences between the prior art and the embodiment of Fig. 2 of the present invention.
  • the input voltage is shown at 4(a).
  • 4(b and (c) show the trigger waveforms for the two thyristors 41 and 42. As indicated above the thyristors are triggered in the middle of the cycle and extinguish at the zero crossings.
  • the resulting voltage/current waveform (for a resistive load) is shown at 4(d).
  • phase angle between current and voltage is greatest for very short on-times and approaches ⁇ /2 and 0 when the voltage output is the same as the voltage input.
  • FIG. 5 shows a circuit of the type shown in Fig. 2, with two differences. Firstly the generic unidirectional switching circuit 44 of Fig. 2 has been replaced by a transistor r I-»! _ since such transistors switch very quickly and can handle high currents and voltages. IGBT has become a popular switch transistor for power application in recent years Secondly, the generic matching circuit 81 has been replaced by a power factor reducing capacitor 82. It is understood that possibly other switching elements having an ability to turn off at high voltage can be used.
  • control systems of the invention are applicable to motor control and also to providing a electric motor soft start controller that gradually increases the power delivered to the motor to avoid large peaks in current consumption occurring when the motor starts at once. This is done by switching the power on and off during each cycle while increasing the on period duty cycle with time. During soft start scenario the controller will shift the switching off phase from near zero initially to ⁇ eventually.
  • the invention is also applicable as a voltage control system for an air conditioner.
  • POWER SYSTEM FOR AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS and bearing attorney docket number 42250, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference
  • the performance of an air conditioner can be significantly improved by controlling the input voltage to the air conditioner so that it is kept at a reasonably constant voltage even when the line voltage varies.
  • the present invention is suitable for use in the control of the voltage of an air conditioner, in accordance with the teaching of that application.
  • Figs. 2, 3 and 5 have been presented as single phase control. It should be understood that the circuitry of the present invention can be utilized to control the voltage of a plurality of phases, for example by placing a circuit 12 in each phase. It is expected that during the life of a patent maturing from this application many relevant switches will be developed and the scope of the term unidirectional switch is intended to include all such new technologies a priori.
  • compositions, method or structure may include additional ingredients, steps and/or parts, but only if the additional ingredients, steps and/or parts do not materially alter the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed composition, method or structure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un circuit qui reçoit une tension d’entrée sinusoïdale et produit une tension de courant alternatif ayant une valeur variable. Ce circuit comprend : une entrée à connecter à la tension d’entrée sinusoïdale (11); une sortie à connecter à une charge (31); et un circuit de commutation qui transmet une partie pouvant être régulée de la tension d’entrée débutant à son croisement zéro vers la sortie.
PCT/IL2009/000212 2008-03-05 2009-02-25 Régulateur électronique de puissance de courant alternatif WO2009109957A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US6443408P 2008-03-05 2008-03-05
US61/064,434 2008-03-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009109957A1 true WO2009109957A1 (fr) 2009-09-11

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014135875A1 (fr) * 2013-03-08 2014-09-12 Zano Controls Limited Commutateurs de gradation appropriés pour des lampes à del

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0311995A2 (fr) * 1987-10-14 1989-04-19 Citation Marketing Patricia A. Bailey Circuit économiseur d'énergie

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0311995A2 (fr) * 1987-10-14 1989-04-19 Citation Marketing Patricia A. Bailey Circuit économiseur d'énergie

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
AHMED N A ET AL: "Power factor improvement of single-phase ac voltage controller employing extinction angle control technique", MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS. CAIRO, EGYPT, DEC. 27 - 30, 2003; [MIDWEST SYMPOSIUM ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS], PISCATAWAY, NJ, IEEE, US, vol. 3, 27 December 2003 (2003-12-27), pages 1075 - 1080Vol.3, XP010866124, ISBN: 978-0-7803-8294-7 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014135875A1 (fr) * 2013-03-08 2014-09-12 Zano Controls Limited Commutateurs de gradation appropriés pour des lampes à del

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