WO2009109677A1 - Cellulose recovery method and use thereof in the production of livestock bedding - Google Patents
Cellulose recovery method and use thereof in the production of livestock bedding Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009109677A1 WO2009109677A1 PCT/ES2009/000114 ES2009000114W WO2009109677A1 WO 2009109677 A1 WO2009109677 A1 WO 2009109677A1 ES 2009000114 W ES2009000114 W ES 2009000114W WO 2009109677 A1 WO2009109677 A1 WO 2009109677A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cellulose
- product
- paper
- waste
- recovered
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000244186 Ascaris Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000224432 Entamoeba histolytica Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000607142 Salmonella Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000607768 Shigella Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000244155 Taenia Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000607626 Vibrio cholerae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940007078 entamoeba histolytica Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940118696 vibrio cholerae Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 21
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 3
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015872 dietary supplement Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000721 bacterilogical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012458 free base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005541 medical transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010892 non-toxic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
- A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21B—FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS OR THEIR MECHANICAL TREATMENT
- D21B1/00—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment
- D21B1/02—Pretreatment of the raw materials by chemical or physical means
- D21B1/026—Separating fibrous materials from waste
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C11/00—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21J—FIBREBOARD; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM CELLULOSIC FIBROUS SUSPENSIONS OR FROM PAPIER-MACHE
- D21J3/00—Manufacture of articles by pressing wet fibre pulp, or papier-mâché, between moulds
Definitions
- the present invention is part of the field of paper waste treatment industry, as well as in the livestock sector.
- the present invention relates to a paper waste treatment process characterized by having stages of dehydration of the waste by subjecting it to high temperatures.
- the present invention also relates to the product obtained by the dehydration process of paper waste having a high hygienic quality, free of bacteria and other pathogens.
- the present invention also relates to the use of the material obtained by the paper dehydration treatment in the manufacture of beds or beds for cattle.
- Paper mills generate various types of waste “garbage, sand and sludge” that normally appear in the recycling process.
- the so-called “arenas” are produced by subjecting the paper to several recycling phases, specifically about 4 or 5 times, the amount of "sand” produced may vary according to the quality of the paper or even by the type and machinery used for In the aforementioned process, the percentage of waste generated does not usually exceed 15% of recycled paper or cardboard.
- the characteristics of the residue are a high percentage of humidity, spongy texture, a light brown color and an appearance of water-soaked granulated cardboard, these characteristics do not share similarity with any other residue, neither for its texture nor for its composition.
- patent EP 0796230 whose title is: method for the preparation of a pozzolanic material from paper waste and method for the manufacture of cement from said material, which refers to a method for conversion thermal of a material containing kaolin in a material of pozzolanic characteristics, in which the material containing kaolin is heat treated at elevated temperatures in a fluidized bed installation having a free base in the presence of oxygen-containing gas and characterized in that the material containing kaolin consists of waste paper or waste from recycled waste paper for reuse in the papermaking industry.
- the present invention provides a useful and simple solution to the waste management problem of the paper industry, by means of an effective and rapid recovery process of the cellulose present in the paper waste that allows The product finally obtained has a series of characteristics that allow its use in the livestock industry, for the manufacture of beds or beds for cattle.
- one of the objectives of the present invention is to achieve a useful purpose for the waste produced by paper mills, as an alternative to the use of waste produced by them, thus reducing environmental pollution of factories and reducing production costs.
- the present invention relates to a process for treating waste that comes from the paper for the recovery of the cellulose present therein.
- the present invention also refers to the product obtained after the waste treatment procedure, which is a simple and useful solution to the waste management problem of the paper industry, thus complying with the technical-sanitary and environmental management training of this type of waste.
- Another objective of the present invention is the use of the recovered cellulose by means of the process previously mentioned in the livestock industry, for the manufacture of beds or beds for cattle.
- the main objective of the invention is to achieve a highly hygienic and absorbent product as a bed for animal use in livestock farms not known until now for that purpose. Developing new waste recovery formulas which so far lack utility and their only profitable exit is that of the landfill. For this, it is necessary to carry out a paper waste treatment, in order to obtain a product with a high cellulosic content of a hygienic level that allows its use in the livestock sector.
- the transformation process is based on a dehydration of the residue preferably by means of a horizontal drying plant at low temperature, (it is necessary to mention that these machine-plants already exist but are not used for this purpose, so it would not be obvious for A person skilled in the art will use this type of systems for sludge or sand of the paper), or before advancing to the passage through this plant, the passage by rollers to eliminate the first percentage of water (achieving an energy saving), or optionally drying natural to the sun, among other possible that may occur.
- the main qualities are those of a greater absorption of urine, excrement and bad odors, being much more hygienic than the other products destined to these functions.
- the products that are currently used are straw, shavings or even earth, these being not very suitable for this utility since they are more susceptible to Generate bacteria and fungi, among other types of pathogens and therefore move away from complying with the Health Regulations.
- the waste referred to in the present invention is generated in the process of recycling paper and cardboard, in this process several types of non-toxic waste are generated such as garbage and sludge, the latter are those resulting from subjecting Continuous paper recycling processes.
- garbage and sludge the latter are those resulting from subjecting Continuous paper recycling processes.
- the percentage of rejected cellulose does not exceed 15% of the recovered paper.
- the grinding process will pass to the horizontal dryer at a temperature between 7O 0 C and 90 0 C and a time between 4 and 6 minutes; In this way we will ensure that any existing virus or bacteria is eliminated.
- the resulting product will have a humidity of less than 15%, preferably between 0 and 10% humidity, then it is packaged in different formats for later use.
- Our product is characterized by containing between 25 and 35% of cellulose, between 45 and 60% of water, between 20 and 30% of calcium carbonate, presenting a pH between 6.8 and 7.4 and a carbon / nitrogen ratio of 35/45.
- PE TOXICITY ANALYSIS This analysis was negative, so it is declared as a non-toxic product.
- the invention relates to a process for recovering cellulose from paper waste comprising the steps of:
- the resulting product After going through the last drying process the resulting product will have a humidity of less than 15%, preferably between 0 and 10% humidity, and absent of pathogens, thus obtaining a dehydrated product that is characterized by containing between 25 and 35 % of cellulose, between 20 and 30% of calcium carbonate, have a pH between 6.8 and 7.4 and a carbon / nitrogen ratio of 35/45.
- Another important aspect of the invention relates to the process for the recovery of cellulose from paper waste in which a stage prior to step a) is additionally carried out, passing through rollers to remove the first percentage of water.
- Another important aspect of the invention relates to the process for the recovery of cellulose from paper waste in which a stage prior to step a), of natural drying in the sun to eliminate the first percentage of water, is additionally performed.
- a second important aspect of the invention relates to a dry cellulosic extract obtained by the process described above which has the following parameters in the final dehydrated residue:
- the product before drying is characterized by containing the following percentages of the following elements:
- Carbon / Nitrogen Ratio 35/45 Another important aspect of the invention relates to the dry cellulosic extract obtained by the aforementioned process in which the higher calorific value increases after the process between 100% and 200%.
- Another important aspect of the invention relates to cellulose recovered by the method described above in which the final residue is free of the pathogens selected from the group consisting of:
- a third important aspect of the present invention is the use of dry cellulosic waste for the manufacture of beds or beds for cattle that has the characteristic of a high degree of absorption of liquids and odors and that once finished its function as an animal bed will present some qualities such as exceptional organic fertilizer, which are in turn beneficial for the environment and cease to be an important problem.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a cellulose recovery method and to the use thereof in the production of livestock bedding. More specifically, the invention relates to a method for treating paper wastes, characterised in that said method includes steps comprising the dehydration of the residue by subjecting same to low temperatures. The invention also relates to the resulting product which has a high hygiene standard and is free of bacteria and other pathogens, as well as to the use thereof in the production of livestock bedding.
Description
PROCEDIMIENTO PARA RECUPERACIÓN DE CELULOSA Y SU USO EN FABRICACIÓN DE LECHOS PARA EL GANADO PROCEDURE FOR CELLULOSE RECOVERY AND ITS USE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MILK FOR LIVESTOCK
CAMPO DE LA INVENCIÓNFIELD OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se enmarca dentro del campo de la industria de tratamiento de residuos de papel, así como en el sector ganadero.The present invention is part of the field of paper waste treatment industry, as well as in the livestock sector.
Concretamente la presente invención se refiere a un procedimiento de tratamiento de residuos del papel que se caracteriza por tener etapas de deshidratación del residuo mediante sometimiento del mismo a elevadas temperaturas.Specifically, the present invention relates to a paper waste treatment process characterized by having stages of dehydration of the waste by subjecting it to high temperatures.
La presente invención también se refiere al producto obtenido por el proceso de deshidratación de residuos de papel que presenta una elevada calidad higiénica, libre de bacterias y otros patógenos.The present invention also relates to the product obtained by the dehydration process of paper waste having a high hygienic quality, free of bacteria and other pathogens.
La presente invención también se refiere al uso del material obtenido por el tratamiento de deshidratación de papel en la fabricación de lechos o camas para el ganado.The present invention also relates to the use of the material obtained by the paper dehydration treatment in the manufacture of beds or beds for cattle.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓNBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Actualmente la cantidad de desechos industriales generados por las fabricas papeleras se encuentran rebasando la capacidad que tenemos de controlar la contaminación provocada por los mismos, y se convierte en una necesidad la búsqueda de nuevos métodos por medio de los cuales se logre minimizar el impacto ambiental que los desechos producen, y al mismo tiempo determinar si de alguna manera podrían llegar a ser útiles como materia prima de alguna otra actividad, reduciendo así los costos tanto de deshacerse del material como de materia prima para otros.
Esta investigación se enfoca en tina empresa nacional dedicada a la fabricación de papel y reciclado del mismo. Debido a la calidad de sus producto y a su aceptación en el público, las ventas de la fábricas aumentan y, por lo tanto, su producción, teniendo como consecuencia un aumento proporcional en los desechos normales de cada proceso.Currently, the amount of industrial waste generated by paper mills is exceeding the capacity we have to control the pollution caused by them, and the search for new methods through which minimizing the environmental impact of the waste produces, and at the same time determine if they could somehow become useful as raw material of some other activity, thus reducing the costs of both disposing of the material and raw material for others. This research focuses on a national company dedicated to the manufacture of paper and its recycling. Due to the quality of their products and their acceptance in the public, factory sales increase and, therefore, their production, resulting in a proportional increase in the normal waste of each process.
Las plantas papeleras generan varios tipos de residuos "basuras, arenas y lodos" que normalmente aparecen en el proceso de reciclaje. Las denominadas como "arenas" se producen al someter al papel a varias fases de reciclado, concretamente unas 4 ó 5 veces, la cantidad de "arena" producida puede variar conforme a la calidad del papel o incluso por el tipo y de maquinaria usada para el citado proceso, el porcentaje de residuo generado no suele sobrepasar el 15% del papel o cartón reciclado.Paper mills generate various types of waste "garbage, sand and sludge" that normally appear in the recycling process. The so-called "arenas" are produced by subjecting the paper to several recycling phases, specifically about 4 or 5 times, the amount of "sand" produced may vary according to the quality of the paper or even by the type and machinery used for In the aforementioned process, the percentage of waste generated does not usually exceed 15% of recycled paper or cardboard.
Las características del residuo son un alto porcentaje de humedad, textura esponjosa, un color marrón claro y un aspecto de cartón granulado empapado de agua, estas características no comparten similitud con ningún otro residuo, ni por su textura ni por su composición.The characteristics of the residue are a high percentage of humidity, spongy texture, a light brown color and an appearance of water-soaked granulated cardboard, these characteristics do not share similarity with any other residue, neither for its texture nor for its composition.
Estos desechos no son considerados tóxicos, pero no dejan de representar un problema ambiental. Estos residuos generan un problema mundial ya que no se conoce hasta el momento una utilidad rentable y que no resulte a su vez un problema medio ambiental. Varios proyectos americanos han intentado utilizar sus lodos de desecho como complemento nutritivo para tierra de cultivo, sin embargo esta iniciativa fue detenida por la Secretaría del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales. Para ello podemos ver que existen varias publicaciones que se centran en esta utilidad como la patente ES8803258 que se refiere a papel modificado, método para su preparación y sistema celular para cultivo de plantas, conteniendo el papel modificado celulosa sustituida con un compuesto N-metilol y adicionalmente un polímero orgánico, por ejemplo polietilenglicol. El papel tiene buena resistencia a la pudrición y tenacidad. El papel es adecuado en particular como materia prima para sistemas celulares de cultivo de plantas.
Parte de este proyecto también consistió en encontrar la capacidad de los lodos de papel para formar parte de esta tierra de cultivo. Después de una investigación bibliográfica, basándonos en las características físico-químicas del lodo se determinó que este producto no es apto para el uso como complemento nutritivo de plantas, debido a su alta capacidad de absorción de agua, quitándole la misma a las raíces de las plantas. Así podemos encontrar distintas patentes que se refieren al uso de material celulósico que proviene de pasta de papel como sustrato para el cultivo de plantas, que sin embargo no dio buenos resultados debido a la naturaleza del propio sustrato utilizado, tal y como se ha citado anteriormente. Podemos encontrar por tanto numerosas patentes en el estado del arte que se refieren al uso de material celulósico que proviene de pasta de papel como sustrato en cultivo de células, tejidos, órganos vegetales y plantas completas (patente ES 534041) que no dieron muy buenos resultados debido a la elevada capacidad absorbente de la pasta de papel. Del mismo modo recientemente se ha presentado una patente que utiliza pasta de papel a la que se le han adicionado otros componentes como resinas y ceras para evitar la elevada capacidad absorbente; esta patente es ES 2261086 y se refiere a una lámina de uso agrícola constituida por un papel de celulosa biodegradable y recubrimiento superficial de celulosas, ceras, resinas y pigmentos, siendo la lámina apta para su colocación sobre el terreno de cultivo y permitir el crecimiento de una o más plantas a través de unos orificios definidos en dicha lámina. Las resinas son resinas acrílicas y las ceras pueden ser polietilénicas o parafínicas.These wastes are not considered toxic, but they do not stop representing an environmental problem. These wastes generate a global problem since a profitable utility is not known so far and is not an environmental problem. Several American projects have tried to use their waste sludge as a nutritional supplement for farmland, however this initiative was stopped by the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources. For this we can see that there are several publications that focus on this utility such as the ES8803258 patent that refers to modified paper, method for its preparation and cell system for plant cultivation, containing cellulose modified paper substituted with an N-methylol compound and additionally an organic polymer, for example polyethylene glycol. The paper has good resistance to rot and toughness. Paper is particularly suitable as a raw material for plant cell culture systems. Part of this project also consisted of finding the capacity of paper sludge to be part of this farmland. After a bibliographical investigation, based on the physicochemical characteristics of the sludge, it was determined that this product is not suitable for use as a nutritional supplement for plants, due to its high water absorption capacity, removing it from the roots of the plants. Thus we can find different patents that refer to the use of cellulosic material that comes from paper pulp as a substrate for the cultivation of plants, which however did not give good results due to the nature of the substrate itself, as mentioned above. . We can therefore find numerous patents in the state of the art that refer to the use of cellulosic material that comes from paper pulp as a substrate in culture of cells, tissues, plant organs and whole plants (patent ES 534041) that did not give very good results due to the high absorbent capacity of the paper pulp. Similarly, a patent has recently been filed that uses paper pulp to which other components such as resins and waxes have been added to avoid high absorbent capacity; This patent is ES 2261086 and refers to a sheet for agricultural use consisting of biodegradable cellulose paper and surface coating of celluloses, waxes, resins and pigments, the sheet being suitable for placement on the cultivation land and allowing the growth of one or more plants through holes defined in said sheet. The resins are acrylic resins and the waxes can be polyethylene or paraffinic.
Con el tiempo también se determinó que los desechos de las plantas productoras de papel podrían ser utilizados en algunos materiales de construcción, como tabla roca, cemento y ladrillos. Así podemos ver, por ejemplo la patente EP 0796230 cuyo título es: método para la preparación de un material puzolánico a partir de residuos de papel y método para la fabricación de cemento a partir de dicho material, que se refiere a un método para la conversión térmica de un material que contiene caolín en un material de características puzolánicas, en el que el material que contiene caolín es tratado térmicamente a elevadas temperaturas en una instalación de lecho fluidizado que tiene una base libre en presencia
de gas que contiene oxigeno y que se caracteriza en que el material que contiene caolín consiste en papel de desperdicios o residuos procedentes de papel de desperdicio reciclado para su reutilización en la industria de fabricación de papel.Over time it was also determined that waste from paper producing plants could be used in some construction materials, such as rock, cement and brick boards. Thus we can see, for example, patent EP 0796230 whose title is: method for the preparation of a pozzolanic material from paper waste and method for the manufacture of cement from said material, which refers to a method for conversion thermal of a material containing kaolin in a material of pozzolanic characteristics, in which the material containing kaolin is heat treated at elevated temperatures in a fluidized bed installation having a free base in the presence of oxygen-containing gas and characterized in that the material containing kaolin consists of waste paper or waste from recycled waste paper for reuse in the papermaking industry.
Teniendo en cuenta el estado de la técnica la presente invención provee de una solución útil y sencilla al problema de la gestión de residuos de la industria papelera, mediante un procedimiento de recuperación efectiva y rápida de la celulosa presente en los residuos de papel que permite que el producto finalmente obtenido tenga una serie de características que permiten su uso en la industria ganadera, para fabricación de lechos o camas para el ganado.Taking into account the state of the art, the present invention provides a useful and simple solution to the waste management problem of the paper industry, by means of an effective and rapid recovery process of the cellulose present in the paper waste that allows The product finally obtained has a series of characteristics that allow its use in the livestock industry, for the manufacture of beds or beds for cattle.
Dadas las circunstancias ya mencionadas, el uno de los objetivos de la presente invención es el de conseguir una finalidad útil a los desechos producidos por las plantas papeleras, como una alternativa al uso de los desechos producidos por éstas, disminuyendo así la contaminación ambiental de las fábricas y reduciendo los costes de producción.Given the aforementioned circumstances, one of the objectives of the present invention is to achieve a useful purpose for the waste produced by paper mills, as an alternative to the use of waste produced by them, thus reducing environmental pollution of factories and reducing production costs.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓNBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se refiere a un procedimiento de tratamiento de residuos que provienen del papel para la recuperación de la celulosa presente en el mismo.The present invention relates to a process for treating waste that comes from the paper for the recovery of the cellulose present therein.
La presente invención también se refiere al producto obtenido tras el procedimiento de tratamiento de residuos, el cual supone una solución útil y sencilla al problema de la gestión de residuos de la industria papelera, cumpliendo así con las formativas técnico- sanitarias y medioambientales de la gestión de este tipo de residuos.
Otro de los objetivos de la presente invención es el uso de la celulosa recuperada mediante el procedimiento anteriormente citado en la industria ganadera, para fabricación de lechos o camas para el ganado.The present invention also refers to the product obtained after the waste treatment procedure, which is a simple and useful solution to the waste management problem of the paper industry, thus complying with the technical-sanitary and environmental management training of this type of waste. Another objective of the present invention is the use of the recovered cellulose by means of the process previously mentioned in the livestock industry, for the manufacture of beds or beds for cattle.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓNDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
El principal objetivo de la invención es conseguir un producto altamente higiénico y absorbente como cama de uso animal en granjas ganaderas no conocido hasta ahora para ese fin. Desarrollando nuevas fórmulas de recuperación de residuos los cuales hasta el momento carecen de utilidad y su única salida rentable es la del vertedero. Para ello es necesario realizar un tratamiento del residuo de papel, con el objeto de obtener un producto con un alto contenido celulósico de un nivel higiénico tal que permita su uso en el sector ganadero.The main objective of the invention is to achieve a highly hygienic and absorbent product as a bed for animal use in livestock farms not known until now for that purpose. Developing new waste recovery formulas which so far lack utility and their only profitable exit is that of the landfill. For this, it is necessary to carry out a paper waste treatment, in order to obtain a product with a high cellulosic content of a hygienic level that allows its use in the livestock sector.
Tras varios meses de experimentación hemos logrado darle una utilidad viable a los residuos obtenidos del papel, denominados como "lodos o arenas" adaptando un proceso de transformación que no altere la caracterización final del producto y que evidentemente no encarezca de manera desorbitada el producto final.After several months of experimentation we have managed to give a viable utility to the residues obtained from the paper, called "sludge or sand" by adapting a transformation process that does not alter the final characterization of the product and that obviously does not increase the final product in an exorbitant way.
El proceso de transformación se basa en una deshidratación del residuo preferentemente por medio de una planta de secado horizontal a baja temperatura, (es necesario mencionar que estas plantas-maquinas ya existen pero no se emplean para tal fin, por lo que no sería obvio para un experto en la materia utilizar este tipo de sistemas para los lodos o arenas del papel),o adelantando previamente al paso por esta planta, el paso por rodillos para eliminar el primer porcentaje de agua (consiguiendo un ahorro energético), u opcionalmente el secado natural al sol, entre otros posibles que puedan darse.The transformation process is based on a dehydration of the residue preferably by means of a horizontal drying plant at low temperature, (it is necessary to mention that these machine-plants already exist but are not used for this purpose, so it would not be obvious for A person skilled in the art will use this type of systems for sludge or sand of the paper), or before advancing to the passage through this plant, the passage by rollers to eliminate the first percentage of water (achieving an energy saving), or optionally drying natural to the sun, among other possible that may occur.
Las principales cualidades son las de una mayor absorción de orines, excrementos y malos olores resultando mucho más higiénica que el resto de productos destinados estas funciones. Los productos que se utilizan en la actualidad son la paja, viruta o incluso tierra, siendo estos poco apropiados para dicha utilidad ya que son más susceptibles de
generar bacterias y hongos, entre otro tipo de patógenos y por tanto se alejan de cumplir la Normativa Sanitaria.The main qualities are those of a greater absorption of urine, excrement and bad odors, being much more hygienic than the other products destined to these functions. The products that are currently used are straw, shavings or even earth, these being not very suitable for this utility since they are more susceptible to Generate bacteria and fungi, among other types of pathogens and therefore move away from complying with the Health Regulations.
Otras cualidades son las de ahorrar espacio por su alta densidad de empaquetado y adaptarse a las nuevas maquinarias de depuración de estiércoles.Other qualities are those of saving space due to its high packaging density and adapting to the new manure purification machines on Wednesday.
El residuo al que se refiere la presente invención se genera en el proceso de reciclaje del papel y el cartón, en este proceso se generan varios tipos de residuos no tóxicos como por ejemplo las basuras y los lodos, estos últimos son los resultantes de someter al papel continuos procesos de reciclado. El porcentaje de celulosa rechazada no supera 15% del papel recuperado.The waste referred to in the present invention is generated in the process of recycling paper and cardboard, in this process several types of non-toxic waste are generated such as garbage and sludge, the latter are those resulting from subjecting Continuous paper recycling processes. The percentage of rejected cellulose does not exceed 15% of the recovered paper.
El proceso global de transformación del residuo seria el siguiente:The overall waste transformation process would be as follows:
Se transporta hasta la planta de deshidratación donde se deposita en una campa habilitada para la primera etapa desecado natural (esta etapa es adicional al procedimiento) .It is transported to the dehydration plant where it is deposited in a field enabled for the first natural dried stage (this stage is additional to the procedure).
Posteriormente con una pala cargadora se deposita en una cinta alimentadora que dosifica de manera controlada la entrada de producto a la fase de compresión del producto, ésta será efectuada por rodillos que ejercerán de manera controlada la presión adecuada para la eliminación de agua que podrá oscilar entre un 25% y un 35%, dependiendo siempre de la cantidad de humedad que pudo perder en la primera fase de secado natural influyendo notablemente las condiciones ambientales como por ejemplo la estación del año a la que nos encontremos, seguidamente el producto pasa por una fase de "molienda o trituración" otorgando al producto así de un volumen y textura adecuados y que mejora y facilita la ultima etapa de secado.Subsequently, with a loader, it is deposited on a feeder belt that doses in a controlled manner the entry of the product into the compression phase of the product, this will be carried out by rollers that will exert in a controlled manner the appropriate pressure for the elimination of water that may range 25% and 35%, always depending on the amount of moisture that could be lost in the first phase of natural drying, influencing environmental conditions notably, such as the season of the year we are in, then the product goes through a phase of "grinding or crushing" thus giving the product an adequate volume and texture that improves and facilitates the last stage of drying.
Una vez finalizado el proceso de molienda pasara al secadero horizontal a una temperatura entre 7O0C y 90 0C y un tiempo entre 4 y 6 minutos; de esta manera nos aseguraremos de que cualquier virus o bacteria existente quede eliminada.
Tras pasar por el ultimo proceso de secado el producto resultante tendrá una humedad inferior al 15%, de forma preferida entre 0 y 10% de humedad, seguidamente se empaqueta en diferentes formatos para su posterior utilización.Once the grinding process is finished, it will pass to the horizontal dryer at a temperature between 7O 0 C and 90 0 C and a time between 4 and 6 minutes; In this way we will ensure that any existing virus or bacteria is eliminated. After going through the last drying process the resulting product will have a humidity of less than 15%, preferably between 0 and 10% humidity, then it is packaged in different formats for later use.
La caracterización del producto es la siguiente:The product characterization is as follows:
CARACTERIZACIÓN PREVIA AL SECADO:CHARACTERIZATION PRIOR TO DRYING:
Nuestro producto se caracteriza por contener entre 25 y 35% de celulosa, entre 45 y 60% de agua, entre 20 y 30% de carbonato calcico, presentar un pH de entre 6,8 y un 7,4 y una relación carbono/nitrógeno de 35 /45.Our product is characterized by containing between 25 and 35% of cellulose, between 45 and 60% of water, between 20 and 30% of calcium carbonate, presenting a pH between 6.8 and 7.4 and a carbon / nitrogen ratio of 35/45.
ANÁLISIS INMEDIATO REPRESENTATIVO:IMMEDIATE REPRESENTATIVE ANALYSIS:
ANÁLISIS ELEMENTAL (de las cenizas):ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS (of the ashes):
ANÁLISIS ENERGÉTICO:
ENERGY ANALYSIS:
ANÁLISIS BACTERIOLÓGICO:BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS:
El residuo inicial que puede contar con múltiples patógenos entre ellosThe initial residue that can have multiple pathogens among them
- Virus entéricos- Enteric viruses
- Salmonella- Salmonella
- Shigella- Shigella
- Vibrio cholerae- Vibrio cholerae
- Entamoeba histolytica - Ascaris- Entamoeba histolytica - Ascaris
- Taenia- Taenia
Que se eliminan pasando por un proceso de deshidratación de entre 4 y 6 minutos a una temperatura de entre 7O0C y 9O0C.They are eliminated by going through a dehydration process of between 4 and 6 minutes at a temperature between 7O 0 C and 9O 0 C.
Así mismo no existe presencia de hongos, ya que no hay posibilidad de hongos al no haber humedad.
Por tanto el riesgo transmisión de enfermedades será bajo.There is also no presence of fungi, since there is no possibility of fungi because there is no moisture. Therefore the risk of disease transmission will be low.
ANÁLISIS PE TOXICIDAD: Este análisis fue negativo, por lo que se declara como producto no tóxico.PE TOXICITY ANALYSIS: This analysis was negative, so it is declared as a non-toxic product.
De acuerdo con un primer aspecto importante, la invención se refiere a un procedimiento para la recuperación de celulosa a partir de residuos del papel que comprende las etapas de:According to a first important aspect, the invention relates to a process for recovering cellulose from paper waste comprising the steps of:
a) transportar el producto inicial (residuo húmedo) hasta una cinta alimentadora que dosifica de manera controlada la entrada de producto, b) comprimir el producto de manera controlada para eliminación de agua que podrá oscilar entre un 25% y un 35%, c) moler y/ o triturar el producto resultante de la etapa b), d) deshidratar el producto resultante de la etapa c) mediante secado horizontal del residuo a una temperatura entre 7O0C y 9O0C durante un tiempo entre 4 y 6 minutos, y e) empaquetar el producto deshidratado resultante de la etapa d) para su utilización.a) transport the initial product (wet waste) to a feeder belt that doses in a controlled manner the product inlet, b) compress the product in a controlled way for water removal that can range between 25% and 35%, c) grind and / or crush the product resulting from stage b), d) dehydrate the product resulting from stage c) by horizontal drying of the residue at a temperature between 7O 0 C and 9O 0 C for a time between 4 and 6 minutes, and e) pack the dehydrated product resulting from step d) for use.
Tras pasar por el ultimo proceso de secado el producto resultante tendrá una humedad inferior al 15%, de forma preferida entre 0 y 10% de humedad, y ausente de patógenos obteniendo de este modo un producto deshidratado que se caracteriza por contener entre 25 y 35% de celulosa, entre 20 y 30% de carbonato calcico, presentar un pH de entre 6,8 y un 7,4 y una relación carbono/ nitrógeno de 35/45.
Otro aspecto importante de la invención se refiere al procedimiento para la recuperación de celulosa a partir de residuos del papel en el que adicionalmente se realiza una etapa previa a la etapa a), de paso por rodillos para eliminar el primer porcentaje de agua.After going through the last drying process the resulting product will have a humidity of less than 15%, preferably between 0 and 10% humidity, and absent of pathogens, thus obtaining a dehydrated product that is characterized by containing between 25 and 35 % of cellulose, between 20 and 30% of calcium carbonate, have a pH between 6.8 and 7.4 and a carbon / nitrogen ratio of 35/45. Another important aspect of the invention relates to the process for the recovery of cellulose from paper waste in which a stage prior to step a) is additionally carried out, passing through rollers to remove the first percentage of water.
Otro aspecto importante de la invención se refiere al pprocedimiento para la recuperación de celulosa a partir de residuos del papel en el que adicionalmente se realiza una etapa previa a la etapa a), de secado natural al sol para eliminar el primer porcentaje de agua.Another important aspect of the invention relates to the process for the recovery of cellulose from paper waste in which a stage prior to step a), of natural drying in the sun to eliminate the first percentage of water, is additionally performed.
Un segundo aspecto importante de la invención se refiere a un extracto celulósico seco obtenido por el procedimiento anteriormente descrito que presenta los siguientes parámetros en el residuo final deshidratado:A second important aspect of the invention relates to a dry cellulosic extract obtained by the process described above which has the following parameters in the final dehydrated residue:
Residuo final Datos en %Final residue Data in%
Celulosa 60-70%Cellulose 60-70%
Humedad total 0-10% 15Total humidity 0-10% 15
Volátiles 20-29%Volatile 20-29%
Carbono fijo 4-6 %Fixed Carbon 4-6%
Cenizas 10-15%10-15% ashes
Cloro 0,10-0,15%Chlorine 0.10-0.15%
Adicionalmente cabe decir que el producto antes del secado se caracteriza por contener los siguientes porcentajes de los siguientes elementos:Additionally, it should be said that the product before drying is characterized by containing the following percentages of the following elements:
Residuo final CantidadesFinal residue Quantities
Celulosa 25-35% 25 Cellulose 25-35% 25
H2O 45-60%H 2 O 45-60%
Carbonato Calcico 20-30 %Calcium Carbonate 20-30%
PH 6,8-7,4PH 6.8-7.4
Relación Carbono/ Nitrógeno 35/45
Otro aspecto importante de la invención se refiere al extracto celulósico seco obtenido por el procedimiento citado anteriormente en el que el poder calorífico superior aumenta tras el procedimiento entre un 100 % y un 200%.Carbon / Nitrogen Ratio 35/45 Another important aspect of the invention relates to the dry cellulosic extract obtained by the aforementioned process in which the higher calorific value increases after the process between 100% and 200%.
Otro aspecto importante de la invención se refiere a la celulosa recuperada mediante el procedimiento anteriormente desccrito en el que el residuo final esta libre de los patógenos seleccionados del grupo formado por:Another important aspect of the invention relates to cellulose recovered by the method described above in which the final residue is free of the pathogens selected from the group consisting of:
- Virus entéricos - Salmonella- Enteric viruses - Salmonella
- Shigella- Shigella
- Vibrio cholerae- Vibrio cholerae
- Entamoeba histolytica- Entamoeba histolytica
- Ascaris - Taenia- Ascaris - Taenia
Un tercer aspecto importante de la presente invención es el uso del residuo celulósico seco para la fabricación de lechos o camas para ganado que presenta la característica de un alto grado de absorción de líquidos y olores y que una vez terminada su función como cama animal presentara unas cualidades como abono orgánico excepcionales resultando a su vez beneficiosos para el medio ambiente y dejando de ser un problema importante.
A third important aspect of the present invention is the use of dry cellulosic waste for the manufacture of beds or beds for cattle that has the characteristic of a high degree of absorption of liquids and odors and that once finished its function as an animal bed will present some qualities such as exceptional organic fertilizer, which are in turn beneficial for the environment and cease to be an important problem.
Claims
1. Procedimiento para la recuperación de celulosa a partir de residuos del papel caracterizado porque comprende las etapas de:1. Procedure for the recovery of cellulose from paper waste characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
a) transportar el producto inicial (residuo húmedo) hasta una cinta alimentadora que dosifica de manera controlada la entrada de producto, b) comprimir el producto de manera controlada para eliminación de agua que podrá oscilar entre un 25% y un 35%, c) moler y/ o triturar el producto resultante de la etapa b), d) deshidratar el producto resultante de la etapa c) mediante secado horizontal del residuo a una temperatura entre 7O0C y 9O0C durante un tiempo entre 4 y 6 minutos, y e) empaquetar el producto deshidratado resultante de la etapa d) para su utilización.a) transport the initial product (wet waste) to a feeder belt that doses in a controlled manner the product inlet, b) compress the product in a controlled way for water removal that can range between 25% and 35%, c) grind and / or crush the product resulting from stage b), d) dehydrate the product resulting from stage c) by horizontal drying of the residue at a temperature between 7O 0 C and 9O 0 C for a time between 4 and 6 minutes, and e) pack the dehydrated product resulting from step d) for use.
2. Procedimiento para la recuperación de celulosa a partir de residuos del papel según la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque adicionalmente se realiza una etapa previa de paso por rodillos para eliminar el primer porcentaje de agua.2. Method for the recovery of cellulose from paper waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, in addition, a previous step of passage by rollers is carried out to eliminate the first percentage of water.
3. Procedimiento para la recuperación de celulosa a partir de residuos del papel según la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque adicionalmente se realiza, una etapa previa de secado natural al sol para eliminar el primer porcentaje de agua.3. Method for recovering cellulose from paper waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, in addition, a previous stage of natural drying in the sun is carried out to remove the first percentage of water.
4. Celulosa recuperada mediante el procedimiento de reivindicación 1 caracterizada porque presenta los siguientes parámetros: Residuo final Datos en %4. Cellulose recovered by the method of claim 1 characterized in that it has the following parameters: Final residue Data in%
Celulosa 60-70%Cellulose 60-70%
Humedad total 0-10%Total humidity 0-10%
Volátiles 20-29%Volatile 20-29%
Carbono fijo 4-6 %Fixed Carbon 4-6%
Cenizas 10-15%10-15% ashes
Cloro 0,10-0,15%Chlorine 0.10-0.15%
5. Celulosa recuperada mediante el procedimiento de reivindicación 1 caracterizada porque el poder calorífico superior aumenta tras el procedimiento entre un 100 % y un5. Cellulose recovered by the method of claim 1 characterized in that the higher calorific value increases after the procedure between 100% and a
200%.200%.
6. Celulosa recuperada según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 4 y 5 caracterizada porque esta libre de los patógenos seleccionados del grupo formado por: - Virus entéricos6. Pulp recovered according to any of claims 4 and 5 characterized in that it is free of the pathogens selected from the group consisting of: - Enteric viruses
- Salmonella- Salmonella
- Shigella- Shigella
- Vibrio cholerae- Vibrio cholerae
- Entamoeba histolytica - Ascaris- Entamoeba histolytica - Ascaris
- Taenia- Taenia
7. Uso de la celulosa recuperada mediante el procedimiento de reivindicación 1 para la fabricación de lechos o camas para ganado.7. Use of the recovered cellulose by the method of claim 1 for the manufacture of beds or beds for cattle.
8. Uso de la celulosa según la reivindicación 7 caracterizado porque son beneficiosos para el medio ambiente.8. Use of cellulose according to claim 7 characterized in that they are beneficial for the environment.
9. Uso de la celulosa según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 7 y 8 caracterizado porque presenta un alto grado de absorción de líquidos y olores 9. Use of cellulose according to any of claims 7 and 8 characterized in that it has a high degree of absorption of liquids and odors
10. Uso de la celulosa según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 7 a 9 caracterizado porque una vez finalizado su uso como cama animal se usará como abono. 10. Use of cellulose according to any of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that once its use as an animal bed is finished, it will be used as fertilizer.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ESP200800626 | 2008-03-04 | ||
| ES200800626A ES2376602B1 (en) | 2008-03-04 | 2008-03-04 | Procedure for the recovery of cellulose and its use in the manufacture of beds for cattle. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2009109677A1 true WO2009109677A1 (en) | 2009-09-11 |
Family
ID=41055576
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/ES2009/000114 WO2009109677A1 (en) | 2008-03-04 | 2009-03-04 | Cellulose recovery method and use thereof in the production of livestock bedding |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| ES (1) | ES2376602B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2009109677A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2560898B1 (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2016-10-10 | Cerámica Piera, S.L. | Use of a composition as a bed for animal husbandry facilities of any species |
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| EP0169946A1 (en) * | 1983-02-04 | 1986-02-05 | KNP Papier B.V. | A process for preparing liquid- or shock-absorbing material starting from waste sludge from the paper or board industry |
| US4721059A (en) * | 1985-03-21 | 1988-01-26 | H. Edward Lowe | Nonclay catbox filler |
| WO1992001833A1 (en) * | 1990-07-18 | 1992-02-06 | Peter John Mitchell Farley | Process and apparatus for the production of paper products |
| US5358607A (en) * | 1992-02-24 | 1994-10-25 | Ellis Douglas E | Porous low density shot-like degradable absorbent materials and manufacturing process therefor |
| WO1997005769A1 (en) * | 1995-08-04 | 1997-02-20 | Ranpak Corp. | Animal bedding made from paper strips, and method |
| EP0876758A1 (en) * | 1997-05-06 | 1998-11-11 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Process for the preparation of absorbent materials |
| US6260511B1 (en) * | 1996-01-24 | 2001-07-17 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Process for the preparation of absorbent materials |
| DE202005007297U1 (en) * | 2005-05-07 | 2005-07-28 | Peppmöller, Reinmar, Dr. | Bedding materials, useful for e.g. absorbing fluid and semi fluid excretions of hoofed animals, as fertilizers in meadows and agricultural fields and as culture substrates, comprises a super absorber |
-
2008
- 2008-03-04 ES ES200800626A patent/ES2376602B1/en active Active
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- 2009-03-04 WO PCT/ES2009/000114 patent/WO2009109677A1/en active Application Filing
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4203388A (en) * | 1976-03-31 | 1980-05-20 | Brown Company | Animal litter and process |
| EP0039522A2 (en) * | 1980-05-02 | 1981-11-11 | Cornelis Jacobus Maria Kok | Process for the preparation of a liquid-absorbing and shock-absorbing material |
| EP0169946A1 (en) * | 1983-02-04 | 1986-02-05 | KNP Papier B.V. | A process for preparing liquid- or shock-absorbing material starting from waste sludge from the paper or board industry |
| US4721059A (en) * | 1985-03-21 | 1988-01-26 | H. Edward Lowe | Nonclay catbox filler |
| WO1992001833A1 (en) * | 1990-07-18 | 1992-02-06 | Peter John Mitchell Farley | Process and apparatus for the production of paper products |
| US5358607A (en) * | 1992-02-24 | 1994-10-25 | Ellis Douglas E | Porous low density shot-like degradable absorbent materials and manufacturing process therefor |
| WO1997005769A1 (en) * | 1995-08-04 | 1997-02-20 | Ranpak Corp. | Animal bedding made from paper strips, and method |
| US6260511B1 (en) * | 1996-01-24 | 2001-07-17 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Process for the preparation of absorbent materials |
| EP0876758A1 (en) * | 1997-05-06 | 1998-11-11 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Process for the preparation of absorbent materials |
| DE202005007297U1 (en) * | 2005-05-07 | 2005-07-28 | Peppmöller, Reinmar, Dr. | Bedding materials, useful for e.g. absorbing fluid and semi fluid excretions of hoofed animals, as fertilizers in meadows and agricultural fields and as culture substrates, comprises a super absorber |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2376602A1 (en) | 2012-03-15 |
| ES2376602B1 (en) | 2013-01-29 |
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