WO2009107943A2

WO2009107943A2 - Solar cell apparatus using microlens and method for manufacturing same

Info

Publication number: WO2009107943A2
Application number: PCT/KR2009/000752
Authority: WO
Inventors: 권성훈; 김준회
Original assignee: 서울대학교산학협력단
Priority date: 2008-02-28
Filing date: 2009-02-18
Publication date: 2009-09-03
Also published as: WO2009107943A3

Abstract

The present invention relates to a solar cell apparatus and a method for manufacturing same, and more particularly, to a high efficiency, inexpensive and large area solar cell apparatus using a microlens and a method for manufacturing same. The solar cell apparatus of the present invention includes a plate on which a plurality of lenses are arranged, and a plurality of solar cells for receiving light collected by the lenses.

Description

Solar cell device using microlens and manufacturing method thereof

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solar cell device and a manufacturing method thereof, and more particularly, to a high efficiency, low cost, large area solar cell device using a microlens, and a manufacturing method thereof.

Solar cells according to the prior art are largely divided into inorganic solar cells and organic solar cells. Examples of inorganic solar cells include single crystalline silicon, polysilicon, and the like. Inorganic solar cells have the advantage of having a relatively high efficiency, but the disadvantages that the large area is difficult to implement, the manufacturing cost is very expensive. On the contrary, the organic solar cell has advantages of easy implementation of a large area and relatively low manufacturing cost, but has a relatively low efficiency.

Therefore, the technical problem to be achieved by the present invention is to solve the above problems, to provide a high efficiency, low cost, large area solar cell device and a method of manufacturing the same.

In addition, the technical problem to be achieved by the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a solar cell device to enable mass production.

As a technical means for achieving the above object, the first aspect of the present invention comprises a plate in which a plurality of lenses (lens) arranged on one surface; And a plurality of solar cells configured to receive light collected by the plurality of lenses.

The second aspect of the present invention comprises the steps of (a) preparing a plate formed with a plurality of lenses on one surface; And (b) arranging a plurality of solar cells on the other surface of the plate.

A third aspect of the invention is a plurality of light collecting means; And it provides a solar cell device comprising solar cells for receiving the light collected by the light collecting means.

A fourth aspect of the present invention includes the steps of (a) preparing a plate formed on one surface of a plurality of first grooves having a first shape and a plurality of second grooves having a second shape; And (b) disposing first electronic elements having a third shape corresponding to the first shape and second electronic elements having a fourth shape corresponding to the second shape on the other surface of the plate. It is to provide a fluid self-assembly method.

The solar cell apparatus and the method of manufacturing the same according to the present invention have an advantage of enabling high efficiency, low cost, and large area.

In addition, the solar cell apparatus and the method of manufacturing the same according to the present invention can accurately assemble a plurality of solar cells of a small size to the focus of the plurality of lenses.

In addition, the solar cell apparatus and the manufacturing method thereof according to the present invention has an advantage in the process that can be produced by exposing the light through a plurality of lenses without a separate mask in the space where the plurality of solar cells are located.

In addition, the solar cell apparatus and the method of manufacturing the same according to the present invention can easily arrange solar cells of small size through fluid self-assembly, and thus have advantages in process.

In addition, the solar cell apparatus and the method of manufacturing the same according to the present invention can be manufactured using a flexible polymer or polymer compound plate. The solar cell device thus manufactured has an advantage that it can be easily installed regardless of place and space.

In addition, the solar cell device and the manufacturing method according to the present invention can manufacture a solar cell device having a higher energy conversion efficiency by using the characteristics of the solar cell that the energy conversion efficiency of the solar cell is higher when the light is focused. Has an advantage.

1 is a view showing a solar cell apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a view showing a solar cell apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

3 is a view showing a solar cell apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

4 is a view showing a solar cell apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

5 is a view showing a solar cell apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

6 to 9 are diagrams showing modified examples of a plurality of lenses arranged on the plate represented in FIGS. 1 to 5.

10 to 12 are views showing a modification of the solar cell device.

13 is a view showing a method of manufacturing a solar cell device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

It is a figure which shows the modification of FIG. 13 (d).

15 is a view showing a method of manufacturing a solar cell device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a modification of FIG. 15E.

17 is a view showing a solar cell device manufacturing method according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a modification of FIG. 17E.

19 is a view showing a solar cell device manufacturing method according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

20 is a diagram illustrating a modified example of FIGS. 19D to 19F.

21 is a view showing a solar cell device manufacturing method according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating a modification of FIG. 21D.

FIG. 23 illustrates self-assembly of solar cells.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments disclosed herein will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise indicated in the text, like reference numerals in the drawings indicate like elements. The illustrative embodiments described above in the detailed description, drawings, and claims are not meant to be limiting, other embodiments may be utilized, and other changes may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the technology disclosed herein. Those skilled in the art can arrange, construct, combine, and designate the components of the present invention, that is, the components generally described herein and described in the figures, in a variety of different configurations, all of which are clearly devised, and the present invention It will be readily understood that they form part of.

When one component or one layer is referred to as "on top" of another component or another layer, the one component or one layer is formed directly on top of the other component or another layer, as well as between It may also include cases where additional components or layers are interposed.

1 is a view showing a solar cell apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 1 (a), (b) and (c) are three-dimensional, plan and cross-sectional views of the solar cell apparatus, respectively.

Referring to FIG. 1, the solar cell apparatus includes a plate 100 and solar cells 150 in which microlenses 110 are arranged. The solar cell apparatus may further include a first electrode 120, an insulating layer 130, and a second electrode 160. In the solar cell device shown in the drawings, solar cells arranged in the same polarity direction are electrically connected in parallel.

As the plate 100, various kinds of materials having light transmittance may be used. Usable materials may be, for example, high molecular compounds such as glass or polymers.

The micro lenses 110 are composed of convex lenses made of a light transmissive material. The material usable as the light transmissive material may be, for example, a high molecular compound such as glass or a polymer. In the above embodiment, the plurality of lenses 110 illustrate convex lenses having the same size. However, if the focal lengths of the convex lenses are similar, the shapes may be different, and there is no limitation on the size range.

As the first electrode 120, a conductive organic compound such as metal or conductive polymer having various kinds of conductivity may be used. The first electrode 120 may be light transmissive. In this case, the first electrode having light transparency may be, for example, an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) or a conductive polymer combined with carbon nanotubes.

As the insulating layer 130, a nitride film, an oxide film, or an organic compound having various kinds of electrical insulation properties may be used. The insulating layer 130 is a portion for electrically insulating the first electrode 120 and the second electrode 160. In addition, the insulating layer 130 plays a role of securing a space in which the individual solar cells 150 are located.

As the solar cells 150, organic or inorganic solar cells may be used. The organic solar cells may be light absorbing dyes, organic nanoparticle solar cells, organic solar cells, or polymer solar cells. The inorganic solar cells may be solar cells that are inorganic single crystalline, inorganic poly crystalline, inorganic amorphous or inorganic nano crystalline. More specifically, the plurality of solar cells are monocrystalline silicon (polyicon), polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride (CdTe), kappindium selenide (CuInSe ₂ ), gallium arsenide (GaAs), germanium ( Ge) or gallium indium phosphide (GaInP ₂ ) solar cells. In the case of the inorganic single crystal form has an efficiency of up to 25%, but because the crystal form is limited in size, there is a problem of expensive. However, according to the present embodiment, the number of solar cells required by condensing sunlight using a plurality of convex lenses can be reduced, so that the solar cell using the inorganic single crystal type can be minimized, thereby achieving a large area, high efficiency and low cost. The battery device can be configured. Although the solar cells 150 having the P 151 -N 152 junctions are illustrated in the above embodiment, the solar cells 150 may be other types of solar cells. In the above embodiment, the P (151) type is connected to the first electrode in the P (151) -N (152) junction solar cells. However, if the polarity directions of the solar cells are the same, the N (152) type is It may be connected to the first electrode.

As the second electrode 160, a conductive organic compound such as metal or conductive polymer having various kinds of conductivity may be used. The second electrode 120 may be provided with light transmittance. In this case, the second electrode having light transparency may be, for example, a conductive polymer combined with ITO or carbon nanotubes. The second electrode 120 is used to electrically connect the solar cells 150 together with the first electrode 120.

2 is a view showing a solar cell apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 2 (a) and 2 (b) are plan and cross-sectional views of the solar cell apparatus, respectively.

The plate 100A has a height of the plate 100A longer than the focal lengths of the plurality of lenses 110, so that the plurality of lenses 110 are attached so that the collected light can be effectively transmitted to the solar cells 150. A recess is formed in the other surface of the non-plated plate 100A. In the above embodiment, the plurality of lenses 110 illustrate convex lenses having the same size. However, if the focal lengths of the convex lenses are similar, the shapes may be different, and there is no limitation on the size range. In the above embodiment, in the solar cells 150, an example in which the P 151 is connected to the first electrode 120A is illustrated. However, if the solar cells have the same polarity direction, the N 152 type is the first electrode. It may be connected to 120A. As the plate 100A, various kinds of materials having light transmittance may be used. Usable materials can be, for example, high molecular compounds such as glass or polymers. On the other hand, the remaining characteristics of the components follow the contents mentioned in the first embodiment.

3 is a view showing a solar cell apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention. 3A and 3B are plan and cross-sectional views of the solar cell apparatus, respectively.

The plate 100B has a focal length of at least a portion of the lenses 110A of the plurality of lenses 110A longer than the focal length of the plate 100B so that the focused light is effectively transmitted to the solar cells 150. For this purpose, a groove is formed in a portion of the other surface of the plate 100B to which the plurality of lenses 110A are not attached. In the above embodiment, the plurality of lenses 110A illustrate convex lenses having different sizes, but if the focal lengths of the convex lenses are similar, they may have the same shape, and there is no limitation on the size range. In the above embodiment, in the solar cells 150, an example in which the P 151 is connected to the first electrode 120B is illustrated. However, when the solar cells have the same polarity direction, the N 152 type is the first electrode. It may be connected to 120B. As the plate 100B, various kinds of materials having light transmittance may be used. Usable materials can be, for example, high molecular compounds such as glass or polymers. On the other hand, the remaining characteristics of the components follow the contents mentioned in the first embodiment.

4 is a view showing a solar cell apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. 4A and 4B are plan and cross-sectional views of the solar cell apparatus, respectively.

Referring to FIG. 4, the solar cell apparatus includes a plate 100 and solar cells 150 on which microlenses 110 are arranged. The solar cell apparatus may further include a plurality of first electrodes 120C insulated from each other, an insulating layer 130C, and a plurality of second electrodes 160C insulated from each other. In the solar cell apparatus, solar cells 150 arranged in the same polarity direction are electrically connected in series.

The plurality of first electrodes 120C and the plurality of second electrodes 160C are patterned to allow the solar cells 150 to be electrically connected in series, and the insulating layer 130C is an individual solar cell. It also serves to secure a space in which the batteries 150 are located and contact holes 142 connecting the plurality of first electrodes 120C and the plurality of second electrodes 160C.

When two consecutive solar cells connected in series among the plurality of solar cells 150 are referred to as a first solar cell 150A and a second solar cell 150B, respectively, the first solar cell 150A is configured as the plurality of solar cells. The first electrode 122C of the first electrodes 120C is connected, and the second solar cell 150B is connected by the second electrode 162C of the plurality of second electrodes 160C. The first electrode 122C and the second electrode 162C are connected to each other through a contact hole 142A corresponding to one of the plurality of contact holes 142 so that the solar cells are electrically connected in series.

In the above embodiment, the plurality of lenses 110 illustrate convex lenses having the same size. However, if the focal lengths of the convex lenses are similar, the shapes may be different, and there is no limitation on the size range. In addition, in the above embodiment, the plate 100 illustrates the plate illustrated in FIG. 1, but

plates

100A and 100B of FIGS. 2 to 3 may be used. In addition, in the above embodiment, the solar cells 150 are illustrated as being connected in series one to one, but sets of two or more solar cells 150 connected in parallel to each other may be connected in series. In the above embodiment, in the solar cells 150, an example in which the P 151 is connected to the plurality of first electrodes 120C is illustrated, but if the polarity directions of the solar cells 150 are the same, N ( The type 152 may be connected to the plurality of first electrodes 120C. On the other hand, the remaining characteristics of the components follow the contents mentioned in the first embodiment.

5 is a view showing a solar cell apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. 5A and 5B are a plan view and a cross-sectional view of the solar cell apparatus, respectively.

Referring to FIG. 5, the solar cell apparatus includes a plate 100 on which microlenses 110 are arranged and solar cells 150. The solar cell apparatus may further include a plurality of first electrodes 120D, an insulating layer 130D, and a plurality of second electrodes 160D insulated from each other. In the solar cell apparatus, at least some of the solar cells 150 are arranged in different polarity directions and are electrically connected in series.

The plurality of first electrodes 120D and the plurality of second electrodes 160D are patterned so that the solar cells 150 are electrically connected in series, and the insulating layer 130D is formed of individual solar cells ( It serves to secure the space for the 150).

Two consecutive solar cells 150 connected in series among the plurality of solar cells 150 are arranged with different polarities from each other. Three consecutive solar cells connected in series among the plurality of solar cells 150 are referred to as a first solar cell 150C, a second solar cell 150D, and a third solar cell 150E, respectively. 150C and the second solar cell 150D are connected by the first electrode 122D corresponding to one of the plurality of first electrodes 120D, and the second solar cell 150D and the third solar cell. 150E is connected by second electrodes 162D corresponding to ones of the plurality of second electrodes 160D so that the solar cells 150 arranged in different polarity directions are electrically connected in series.

plates

100A and 100B of FIGS. 2 to 3 may be used. In addition, in the above embodiment, the solar cells 150 are illustrated as being connected in series one to one, but sets of two or more solar cells 150 connected in parallel to each other may be connected in series. On the other hand, the remaining characteristics of the components follow the contents mentioned in the first embodiment.

The plurality of lenses may be a convex lens, a fresnel lens, a cylinder lens or a flat lens implemented with a light transmissive material. The material usable as the light transmissive material may be, for example, a high molecular compound such as glass or a polymer.

6A and 6B are plan and cross-sectional views of the solar cell apparatus, respectively. The plurality of lenses 110B may be configured as convex lenses, and may have different sizes to increase the effective light receiving area. If the convex lenses have similar focal lengths, they may have different shapes. none. In the above embodiment, two different sizes of convex lenses are illustrated, but a combination of three or more different sizes of convex lenses is possible. In FIG. 6, the same plate 100 as the plate 100 of FIG. 1 is taken as an example, but in addition, the

plates

100A and 100B of FIGS. 6 illustrates a solar cell apparatus in which solar cells 150 arranged in the same polarity direction are electrically connected in parallel, but the solar cells 150 arranged in the same polarity direction are electrically connected in series. At least a portion of the solar cell apparatus or the solar cells 150 of the fourth embodiment may be the solar cell apparatus of the fifth embodiment which is arranged in different polarity directions and electrically connected in series. On the other hand, the remaining components follow the contents mentioned in the first embodiment.

7 (a) and 7 (b) are plan and cross-sectional views of the solar cell apparatus, respectively. The plurality of lenses 110C may include Fresnel lenses having the same size, and may have different shapes if the focal lengths are similar, and there is no limitation on the size range. In FIG. 7, the same plate 100 as the plate 100 of FIG. 1 is taken as an example, but in addition, the

plates

100A and 100B of FIGS. In addition, in order to increase the effective light receiving area, the plurality of lenses 110C may have two or more different sizes, and may have different shapes if the focal lengths are similar. In addition, although FIG. 7 illustrates a solar cell device in which solar cells 150 arranged in the same polarity direction are electrically connected in parallel, the solar cells 150 arranged in the same polarity direction are electrically connected in series. At least a portion of the solar cell apparatus or the solar cells 150 of the fourth embodiment may be the solar cell apparatus of the fifth embodiment which is arranged in different polarity directions and electrically connected in series. On the other hand, the remaining components follow the contents mentioned in the first embodiment.

8A, 8B, and 8C are three-dimensional, plan, and cross-sectional views of the solar cell apparatus, respectively. The plurality of lenses 110D include cylinder lenses of the same size, and may have different shapes if the focal lengths are similar, and there is no limitation on the size range. In FIG. 8, the same plate 100 as the plate 100 of FIG. 1 is taken as an example, but in addition, the

plates

100A and 100B of FIGS. 8 illustrates a solar cell apparatus in which solar cells 150F arranged in the same polarity direction are electrically connected in parallel, but the solar cells 150 arranged in the same polarity direction are electrically connected in series. At least a portion of the solar cell apparatus or the solar cells 150 of the fourth embodiment may be the solar cell apparatus of the fifth embodiment which is arranged in different polarity directions and electrically connected in series. On the other hand, the remaining components follow the contents mentioned in the first embodiment.

9 (a) and 9 (b) are plan and cross-sectional views of the solar cell apparatus, respectively. The plurality of lenses 110E include convex lenses and Fresnel lenses of the same size, and each lens may have a different shape if the focal length is similar, and there is no limitation on the size range. In addition, although the above embodiment illustrates a combination of convex lenses and Fresnel lenses, any combination of convex lenses, Fresnel lenses, cylinder lenses and flat lenses may be used. In FIG. 9, the same plate 100 as the plate 100 of FIG. 1 is taken as an example, but may also be the

plates

100A and 100B of FIGS. 2 to 3. 9 illustrates a solar cell device in which solar cells 150 arranged in the same polarity direction are electrically connected in parallel, but the solar cells 150 arranged in the same polarity direction are electrically connected in series. At least a portion of the solar cell apparatus or the solar cells 150 of the fourth embodiment may be the solar cell apparatus of the fifth embodiment which is arranged in different polarity directions and electrically connected in series. On the other hand, the remaining components follow the contents mentioned in the first embodiment.

10 to 12 are views showing a modification of the solar cell device.

The solar cell apparatus includes a first plate having a plurality of micro lenses or a plurality of micro mirrors and a second plate having a plurality of solar cells.

As the first plate and the second plate, various kinds of materials having light transparency may be used. Usable materials can be, for example, high molecular compounds such as glass or polymers. Different materials may be used as the first plate and the second plate.

10A and 10B are cross-sectional views of the first plate 100 and the second plate 200, respectively.

Referring to FIG. 10, the solar cell apparatus includes a first plate 100 on which microlenses 110 are arranged and a second plate 200 on which solar cells 150 are arranged.

FIG. 10A shows the first plate 100 and the plurality of lenses 110 arranged on the first plate 100. The plurality of lenses 110 are formed of convex lenses of the same size, and may have different shapes if the focal lengths of the convex lenses are similar, and there is no limitation on the size range. FIG. 10B shows the second plate 200 and the plurality of solar cells 150 arranged on the second plate 200.

In FIG. 10A, in order to increase the effective light receiving area, the plurality of lenses 110 may have two or more different sizes. In addition, the plurality of convex lenses 110 may be a Fresnel lens, a cylinder lens, or a flat lens. In addition, the plurality of lenses 110 may be a combination of a convex lens, a Fresnel lens, a cylinder lens, or a flat lens, may have different sizes, and may have different shapes if the focal lengths are similar. There is no limit to the range.

In FIG. 10B, the second plate 200 may further include a first electrode 120, an insulating layer 130, and a second electrode 160. These components follow the contents mentioned in the first embodiment.

The first plate 100 and the second plate 200 determine the height of the first plate 100 such that the focus of the plurality of convex lenses 110 is located in the plurality of solar cells 150. After bonding, it can be bonded by bonding. The bonding method may be a polymer organic adhesive (eg, epoxy) bonding, fusion bonding, anodic bonding, or polymer bonding.

10 illustrates a solar cell apparatus in which solar cells 150 arranged in the same polarity direction are electrically connected in parallel, but the solar cells 150 arranged in the same polarity direction are electrically connected in series. At least a portion of the solar cell apparatus or the solar cells 150 of the fourth embodiment may be the solar cell apparatus of the fifth embodiment which is arranged in different polarity directions and electrically connected in series. On the other hand, the remaining components follow the contents mentioned in the first embodiment.

11A and 11B are cross-sectional views of the first plate 100C and the second plate 200, respectively. FIG. 11A illustrates a plurality of convex lenses 110F implemented to function as a lens as shown in FIG. 11A by recessing one surface of the plate 100C to implement the same plurality of convex lenses. Show plate 100C formed on this surface. In FIG. 11A, although the plurality of convex lenses 110F having the same size are taken as an example, shapes of the convex lenses having similar focal lengths may be different, and there is no limitation on the size range. The plurality of convex lenses 110F may be a cylinder lens or a combination of the convex lens and the cylinder lens. In order to increase the effective light receiving area, the plurality of lenses 110F may have two or more different sizes.

FIG. 11B shows the second plate 200 and the plurality of solar cells 150 arranged on the second plate 200. FIG. 11B illustrates a second plate 200 in which a plurality of solar cells 150 are arranged as in FIG. 10B, but is not limited thereto. In FIG. 11B, the second plate 200 may further include a first electrode 120, an insulating layer 130, and a second electrode 160. These components follow the contents mentioned in the first embodiment.

The first plate 100C and the second plate 200 may be combined by the bonding method mentioned in the modification of FIG. 10.

11 illustrates a solar cell apparatus in which solar cells 150 arranged in the same polarity direction are electrically connected in parallel, but the solar cells 150 arranged in the same polarity direction are electrically connected in series. At least a portion of the solar cell apparatus or the solar cells 150 of the fourth embodiment may be the solar cell apparatus of the fifth embodiment which is arranged in different polarity directions and electrically connected in series. On the other hand, the remaining components follow the contents mentioned in the first embodiment.

12A and 12B are cross-sectional views of the second plate 200A and the first plate 100C, respectively. FIG. 12A illustrates the second plate 200A and the plurality of solar cells 150 arranged on the second plate 200A. FIG. 12A illustrates a second plate 200A in which a plurality of solar cells 150 are arranged as in FIG. 6B, but is not limited thereto. In FIG. 12A, the second plate 200A may further include a first electrode 120, an insulating layer 130, and a second electrode 160. These components follow the contents mentioned in the first embodiment. On the other hand, the second plate 200A may be light transmissive. The first electrode 120, the insulating layer 130, and the second electrode 160 may be light transmissive.

FIG. 12B illustrates a reflective layer 180 formed on the surface of the first plate 100C after the surface of the first plate 100C is concavely cut in order to implement the same plurality of mirrors. The reflective layer may be a metal layer. The metal layer may be, for example, a silver compound, chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti), or platinum (Pt). In FIG. 12B, although the plurality of concave mirrors 180 are taken as an example, if the focal lengths of the concave mirrors 180 are similar, the shapes may be different, and there is no limitation on the size range. It may also be a plurality of concave cylinder shaped mirrors or a combination of a plurality of concave mirrors and a plurality of concave cylinder shaped mirrors. In order to increase the effective light receiving area, the plurality of mirrors 180 may have two or more different sizes.

The first plate 100C and the second plate 200A may be combined by the bonding method mentioned in the modification of FIG. 10.

12 illustrates a solar cell apparatus in which solar cells 150 arranged in the same polarity direction are electrically connected in parallel, but the solar cells 150 arranged in the same polarity direction are electrically connected in series. At least a portion of the solar cell apparatus or the solar cells 150 of the fourth embodiment may be the solar cell apparatus of the fifth embodiment which is arranged in different polarity directions and electrically connected in series. On the other hand, the remaining components follow the contents mentioned in the first embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 13A, a plate 100 having a plurality of convex lenses 110 formed on one surface thereof is prepared. In order to increase the effective light receiving area, the plurality of lenses 110 may have two or more different sizes. In the above embodiment, the plurality of convex lenses 110 are illustrated as a plurality of lenses, but may be a plurality of Fresnel lenses, a plurality of cylinder lenses, or a plurality of flat lenses, or a combination thereof. In addition, they may have different sizes, and if the focal length is similar, they may have different shapes, and there is no limitation on the size range. The plurality of convex lenses 110 and the plate 100 are characterized by light transmission. The material usable as the light transmissive material may be, for example, a high molecular compound such as glass or a polymer.

Referring to FIG. 13B, the first electrode 120 for electrically connecting the plurality of solar cells 150 to the other surface of the plate 100 having the plurality of lenses 110 formed on one surface thereof. To form.

As the first electrode 120, a conductive organic compound such as metal or conductive polymer having various kinds of conductivity may be used. The first electrode 120 may be light transmissive. In this case, the first electrode having light transparency may be, for example, a conductive polymer combined with ITO or carbon nanotubes. Meanwhile, the first electrode 120 may be deposited by chemical vapor deposition, print, or physical vapor deposition. The physical vapor deposition method may be thermal evaporation or sputtering.

FIG. 13C shows a step of depositing the insulating layer 130 on the first electrode 120. As the insulating layer 130, a nitride film, an oxide film, a polymer, or an organic compound having various kinds of electrical insulation properties may be used. The insulating layer 130 is a portion for electrically insulating the first electrode 120 and the second electrode 160. In addition, the insulating layer 130 plays a role of securing a space in which the individual solar cells 150 are located. On the other hand, the insulating layer 130 may be deposited by chemical vapor deposition or coating (coating). Chemical vapor deposition may be a low temperature chemical vapor deposition (Plasma Enhanced Camical Vapor Deposition) or a low pressure chemical vapor deposition (Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition). The coating method may be performed by dipping the plate on which the first electrode is formed in an insulating material, spraying the insulating material on the first electrode, or spin coating the insulating material on the first electrode. The insulating layer 130 may be a photoresist. In addition, the photoresist may be a positive resist or a negative resist.

FIG. 13D illustrates exposing the insulating layer 130 using light that passes through the plurality of lenses 110. In this case, the insulating layer 130 is a photoresist, and an example in which a positive resist is used is shown in the drawing, but a negative resist may be used. By using this, there is an advantage in that a space 140 in which the plurality of solar cells 150 is to be located may be secured without a separate mask and photoresist coating process for selective exposure. This will be referred to as automatic exposure.

Looking at the process of securing a space 140 for the plurality of solar cells 150 according to the automatic exposure, after depositing or coating the insulating layer 130, after a soft bake (soft bake) process, Light is exposed on the front surface of the plate 100 in which the plurality of solar cells 150 are arranged. These lights may be ultraviolet rays, but are not limited thereto. In the case where the insulating layer is a photoresist and a positive resist, the exposed portion is removed through a subsequent development process, and a hard bake process is performed to stabilize the photoresist. The space 140 in which the 150 may be formed may be formed.

FIG. 13E illustrates a space 140 in which the plurality of solar cells 150 formed by securing the space 140 in which the plurality of solar cells 150 are located.

13 (f) shows the step of placing the plurality of solar cells 150 on the other surface of the plate 100. The method of arranging the plurality of solar cells 150 on the other surface of the plate 100 may be automatic assembly or manual assembly. The manual assembly method may be a manual assembly method by surface mount technology or manpower. The automatic assembly method may be a fluid self-assembly method. An example of the surface mounting technology of the manual assembly method may be an automatic mounting technology of a semiconductor chip that is commonly used. The fluid self-assembling method of the automatic assembly method refers to a method in which the solar cell unit is automatically positioned in the space 140 in which the solar cells 150 are to be placed when the solar cell unit flows through the fluid. Fluid self-assembly is possible by unifying the shape of the unit of the solar cell and the groove of the space. Figure 13 (e) shows an example using the physical height difference. The pattern of space 140 may be a physical height difference or a chemical pattern such as hydrophilicity-hydrophobicity.

FIG. 13G illustrates a step of forming a second electrode 160 for electrically connecting the plurality of solar cells 150. As the second electrode 160, a conductive organic compound such as metal or conductive polymer having various kinds of conductivity may be used. The second electrode 160 may be light transmissive. In this case, the second electrode having light transparency may be, for example, a conductive polymer combined with ITO or carbon nanotubes. On the other hand, the second electrode 160 may be deposited by chemical vapor deposition, printing or physical vapor deposition. The physical deposition method may be thermal deposition or sputtering.

It is a figure which shows the modification of FIG. 13 (d).

Referring to FIG. 14, FIG. 14 illustrates a process of securing a space 140 in which the plurality of solar cells 150 are to be positioned through a separate photoresist coating process and a mask process instead of automatic exposure. After applying the photoresist 132 on the insulating layer 130 and undergoing a soft bake process, a mask on a mask board 136 for the space 140 in which the plurality of solar cells 150 are to be located. (mask) 134 is used for selective exposure. An example in which a negative resist is used is shown in the figure, but a positive resist may be used. In this case, the image of the pattern of the mask should be manufactured to transmit light to the space 140 in which the plurality of solar cells 150 are to be positioned and to block other spaces. The insulating layer may not have photosensitivity. Thereafter, the photoresist of the unexposed portion is removed through the development process, and after the hard bake process, the insulating layer is removed through dry or wet etching to form a space 140 in which the plurality of solar cells 150 are located. can do. The remaining photoresist 132 may then be removed by a dry or wet method.

The remaining steps of the method of manufacturing the solar cell apparatus follow the contents mentioned in the first embodiment.

The method of manufacturing the solar cell device shown in FIG. 15 has the concave groove 102 introduced into the plate when the focal length of the plurality of lenses is shorter than the height of the plate. There is a difference from the first embodiment, which is a manufacturing method.

Referring to FIG. 15, as shown in FIG. 15A, the focal lengths of the plurality of lenses 110 are shorter than the height of the plate 100A, so that the focal point is positioned inside the plate 100A. .

FIG. 15B illustrates a configuration of a plate 100A including a recess 102 in which a focus of the plurality of lenses 110 is positioned in the plurality of solar cells 150.

15 (c) to 15 (h) illustrate forming a first electrode 120A on the plate 100A, forming an insulating layer 130A, and forming the plurality of solar cells 150. The step of forming the space 140A to be located, the position of the plurality of solar cells 150 and the step of forming the second electrode 160A are shown. Since a specific process or material follows the same process as the first embodiment of the method for manufacturing the solar cell shown in FIG. 13, a detailed description thereof will be omitted for convenience of description.

FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a modification of FIG. 15E.

Referring to FIG. 16, the mask 134 and the photoresist 132 formed on the light transmissive mask board 136 are used to form the space 140A in which the plurality of solar cells 150 are located. Show you how. Since a specific process or material follows the same process as the modified example of the first embodiment, which is a method of manufacturing the solar cell illustrated in FIG. 14, a detailed description thereof will be omitted for convenience of description.

The method of manufacturing the solar cell device shown in FIG. 17 includes a concave groove 102 introduced into a part of the other surface of the plate 100B when the focal length of the lenses of at least a portion of the plurality of lenses is shorter than the height of the plate. ), There is a difference between the first embodiment, which is a method of manufacturing the solar cell device shown in FIG. 13, and the second embodiment, which is a method of manufacturing the solar cell device shown in FIG. 15.

Referring to FIG. 17, as shown in FIG. 17A, the focal lengths of the lenses of at least a portion of the plurality of lenses 110 are shorter than the height of the plate 100B, so that the focal point is inside the plate 100B. To be located at.

FIG. 17B illustrates a configuration of a plate 100B including a recess 102 in which a focal point of the plurality of lenses 110A is positioned in the plurality of solar cells 150.

17C to 17H illustrate forming a first electrode 120B on the plate 100B, forming an insulating layer 130B, and forming the plurality of solar cells 150. Forming the space 140B to be located, positioning the plurality of solar cells 150 and forming the second electrode 160B are shown. Since a specific process or material follows the same process as the first embodiment of the method for manufacturing the solar cell shown in FIG. 13, a detailed description thereof will be omitted for convenience of description.

FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a modification of FIG. 17E.

Referring to FIG. 18, a mask 134 and a photoresist 132 formed on the light transmissive mask board 136 are used to form a space 140B in which the plurality of solar cells 150 are located. Show you how. Since a specific process or material follows the same process as the modified example of the first embodiment, which is a method of manufacturing the solar cell illustrated in FIG. 14, a detailed description thereof will be omitted for convenience of description.

Referring to FIG. 19A, a plate 100 having a plurality of convex lenses 110 formed on one surface thereof is prepared. In order to increase the effective light receiving area, the plurality of lenses 110 may have two or more different sizes. In the above embodiment, the plurality of convex lenses 110 are illustrated as a plurality of lenses, but may be a plurality of Fresnel lenses, a plurality of cylinder lenses, or a plurality of flat lenses, or a combination thereof. In addition, they may have different sizes, and if the focal length is similar, they may have different shapes, and there is no limitation on the size range.

Referring to FIG. 19B, a plurality of first electrodes insulated from each other for electrically connecting the plurality of solar cells 150 to the other surface of the plate 100 having the plurality of lenses 110 formed on one surface thereof. Form 120C. After deposition of the first electrode according to the method described in the first embodiment, the plurality of first electrodes 120C may be formed through a general photo operation and an etching operation using a photoresist.

FIG. 19C illustrates depositing the insulating layer 130C on the plurality of first electrodes 120C. The insulating layer 130C is not only a part for electrically isolating the plurality of first electrodes 120C and the plurality of second electrodes 160C, but also includes contact holes 142 to provide the solar cells 150. It also functions as a path for electrically series connection. In addition, the insulating layer 130C also serves to secure a space in which the individual solar cells 150 are located.

FIG. 19D illustrates exposing the insulating layer 130C using light coming through the plurality of lenses 110. In this case, the insulating layer 130C is a photoresist, and an example in which a positive resist is used is shown in the drawing, but a negative resist may be used.

FIG. 19E illustrates a space 140C in which a plurality of solar cells 150 formed by securing a space 140C in which the plurality of solar cells 150 are located.

19 (f) shows a process of securing contact holes 142 for connecting the plurality of solar cells 150 in series.

After applying the photoresist 132 on the insulating layer 130C and undergoing a soft bake process, the mask 134A on the mask board 136 may be selectively used for the space where the contact holes 142 will be located. It exposes.

19 (g) shows a step of arranging the plurality of solar cells 150. When two consecutive solar cells to be connected in series among the plurality of solar cells 150 are referred to as a first solar cell 150A and a second solar cell 150B, respectively, the first solar cell 150A is the plurality of solar cells. The first electrode 122C is connected to the first electrode 120C.

FIG. 19H illustrates a step of forming a plurality of second electrodes 160C insulated from each other for electrically connecting the plurality of solar cells 150. The second solar cell 150B is connected by the second electrode 162C of the plurality of second electrodes 160C. The first electrode 122C and the second electrode 162C are connected to each other through a contact hole 142A corresponding to one of the plurality of contact holes 142 so that the solar cells are electrically connected in series. Meanwhile, in FIG. 19H, the contact holes 142 are simultaneously formed in the process of forming the second electrodes 160C, but the contact holes 142 may be formed by chemical vapor deposition. Deposition may be by printing or physical vapor deposition. Since a specific process or material follows the same process as the first embodiment of the method for manufacturing the solar cell shown in FIG. 13, a detailed description thereof will be omitted for convenience of description.

20 is a diagram illustrating a modified example of FIGS. 19D to 19F.

Referring to FIG. 20, a mask 134B and a photo formed on the light transmissive mask board 136 to form the space 140C in which the plurality of solar cells 150 are located and the contact holes 142 are formed. It shows how to use the resist 132. Since a specific process or material follows the same process as the modified example of the first embodiment, which is a method of manufacturing the solar cell illustrated in FIG. 14, a detailed description thereof will be omitted for convenience of description.

Referring to FIG. 21A, a plate 100 having a plurality of convex lenses 110 formed on one surface thereof is prepared. In order to increase the effective light receiving area, the plurality of lenses 110 may have two or more different sizes. In the above embodiment, the plurality of convex lenses 110 are illustrated as a plurality of lenses, but may be a plurality of Fresnel lenses, a plurality of cylinder lenses, or a plurality of flat lenses, or a combination thereof. In addition, they may have different sizes, and if the focal length is similar, they may have different shapes, and there is no limitation on the size range.

Referring to FIG. 21B, a plurality of first electrodes insulated from each other for electrically connecting the plurality of solar cells 150 to the other surface of the plate 100 having the plurality of lenses 110 formed on one surface thereof. Form 120D. After deposition of the first electrode according to the method described in the first embodiment, the plurality of first electrodes 120D may be formed through a general photo operation and an etching operation using a photoresist.

FIG. 21C illustrates depositing the insulating layer 130D on the plurality of first electrodes 120D. The insulating layer 130D serves to secure a space in which the individual solar cells 150 are located, in addition to a function of electrically isolating the plurality of first electrodes 120D and the plurality of second electrodes 160D. Perform this together.

FIG. 21D illustrates exposing the insulating layer 130D by using light that passes through the plurality of lenses 110. In this case, the insulating layer 130D is a photoresist, and an example in which a positive resist is used is shown in the drawing, but a negative resist may be used.

FIG. 21E illustrates a space 140D in which a plurality of solar cells 150 formed by securing a space 140D in which the plurality of solar cells 150 are located.

21 (f) shows a step of arranging the plurality of solar cells 150.

Three consecutive solar cells connected in series among the plurality of solar cells 150 are referred to as a first solar cell 150C, a second solar cell 150D, and a third solar cell 150E, respectively. 150C and the second solar cell 150D are connected by the first electrode 122D corresponding to one of the plurality of first electrodes 120D.

FIG. 21G illustrates a step of forming a plurality of second electrodes 160D insulated from each other for electrically connecting the plurality of solar cells 150. The second solar cell 150D and the third solar cell 150E are connected by second electrodes 162D corresponding to ones of the plurality of second electrodes 160D and arranged in different polar directions. The fields 150 are electrically connected in series. Since a specific process or material follows the same process as the first embodiment of the method for manufacturing the solar cell shown in FIG. 13, a detailed description thereof will be omitted for convenience of description.

FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating a modification of FIG. 21D.

Referring to FIG. 22, a mask 134 and a photoresist 132 formed on the light transmissive mask board 136 are used to form a space 140D in which the plurality of solar cells 150 are located. Show you how. Since a specific process or material follows the same process as the modified example of the first embodiment, which is a method of manufacturing the solar cell illustrated in FIG. 14, a detailed description thereof will be omitted for convenience of description.

FIG. 23 is a diagram for describing self-assembly of solar cells 150.

Referring to FIG. 23, FIGS. 23A and 23B are plan and cross-sectional views of the other surface of the plate 100 in which the microlenses 110 are arranged on one surface. The other surface of the plate 100 further includes an insulating layer 130 on which

spaces

140E and 140F on which the first electrode 120 and the solar cells 150 are located. FIG. 23C shows solar cells 150G and 150H having different polarization directions and shapes. FIG. 23D illustrates the insulating layer 130 having the first electrodes 120 formed on the other surface of the plate 100 and the

spaces

140G and 140H where the solar cells 150 having different sizes are located. Shows. FIG. 23E shows solar cells 150I and 150J having different polarization directions and sizes.

In FIGS. 23A and 23B, the

spaces

140E and 140F in which the solar cells 150 are located are different from each other in the shape of a rectangle 140E (first shape) and a circle (140F, second shape), respectively. Have grooves. Therefore, the third shape solar cell 150G corresponding to the first shape 140E is coupled to the groove of the first shape 140E and the fourth shape solar cell 150H corresponding to the second shape 140F is It is coupled to the groove of the second shape (140F). That is, they are combined in shapes corresponding to each other. In the above embodiment, two shapes of a square pillar and a circular pillar are illustrated, but shapes and sizes may be different if mutually exclusive coupling is possible. In addition, although the solar cells 150 having different shapes are illustrated one by one, the plurality of solar cells 150 may be used, and the same shape solar cells 150 may be combined at any place of the same shape.

FIG. 23B illustrates a cross-sectional view of the insulating layer 130 on which the

spaces

140E and 140F on which the solar cells 150 are located are formed on the other surface of the plate 100. In the above embodiment, the shape of the bottom surface of the pattern is illustrated as a circle and a square, the shape of the bottom surface of the pattern may be a combination of a polygon or a circle and a polygon of various forms in addition to the circle or square.

As a method of obtaining such a pattern of various shapes, when the insulating layer 130 is a photoresist, the shape of the focus can be varied by changing the shape of the microlenses, thereby realizing it through automatic exposure. In this case, the same effect can be obtained by changing the shape of the mask to a circle, a rectangle, a polygon, or a combination thereof.

FIG. 23C shows solar cells 150G and 150H having different polarization directions and shapes. That is, the third shape solar cell 150G corresponding to the first shape 140E and the fourth shape solar cell 150H corresponding to the second shape are shown. The solar cell in this example illustrates P 151 -N 152 junction solar cells 150 with different polarity directions. In the above example, the solar cell is taken as an example, but other electronic devices may be used in addition to the solar cell, and in this case, it is possible to arrange the desired electronic devices at mutually exclusive positions according to shapes and sizes.

In this way, solar cells of different shapes and sizes can be accurately assembled in a space that fits their size, and thus, solar cells having a specific polarity can be selectively placed in a desired position. Fluid self-assembly is a method of flowing solar cells in a fluid and placing them in a size that fits their size. Figure 23 (b) shows an example using the physical height difference. The patterns of

spaces

140E and 140F may be physical height differences or may be chemical patterns such as hydrophilicity-hydrophobicity. In the above embodiment, the shape of the bottom surface of the pattern is illustrated as a circle and a square, the shape of the bottom surface of the pattern may be a combination of a polygon or a circle and a polygon of various forms in addition to the circle or square.

FIG. 23B illustrates a method of self-assembling the solar cells 150 in the solar cell apparatus in which the solar cells 150 arranged in the same polarity direction of FIG. 13 are electrically connected in parallel. In this case, the solar cells 150 should have the same polarity direction regardless of the shape). Meanwhile, at least some of the solar cell device manufacturing method of the fourth embodiment or the solar cells 150 of FIG. 21 connected in series with the solar cells 150 arranged in the same polarity direction of FIG. In the solar cell device manufacturing method of the fifth embodiment which is arranged differently and electrically connected in series, self-assembly is possible in the same manner.

23 (d) and (e) show solar cells 150I and 150J having different sizes and polarity directions and patterns of

spaces

140G and 140H having different sizes, respectively. In the above embodiment, a square is illustrated as the shape of the bottom surface of the pattern, but the shape of the bottom surface of the pattern may be a circle or various types of polygons or a combination of circles and polygons. Their combination and self-assembly can be made through the process mentioned in the detailed description of FIGS. 23A to 23C, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted for convenience of description. In addition, since the following specific process or material follows the same process as the first embodiment of the method for manufacturing the solar cell shown in FIG. 13, a detailed description thereof is also omitted for convenience of description.

From the above, various embodiments of the present invention have been described for purposes of illustration, and it will be understood that there are various modifications possible without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. And the various embodiments disclosed are not intended to limit the present disclosure, the true spirit and scope will be presented from the following claims.

Claims

A plate having a plurality of lenses arranged on one surface thereof; And

A plurality of solar cells for receiving the light collected by the plurality of lenses

Solar cell device comprising a.
The method of claim 1,

The plate provides a focal length such that the focus of the plurality of lenses is located in the plurality of solar cells.
The method of claim 1,

The plate has a concave groove on the other surface of the plate where the focus of the plurality of lenses is located.
The method of claim 1,

The plurality of solar cells are located on the other surface of the plate solar cell apparatus.
The method of claim 1,

The plurality of solar cells solar cell apparatus comprising an inorganic solar cell.
The method of claim 1,

And the plurality of lenses comprises convex lenses, cylinder lenses or Fresnel lenses.
The method of claim 1,

Some of the lenses of the plurality of lenses having a different size than the remaining lenses.
The method of claim 1,

The plurality of solar cells are connected to each other in parallel solar cell device.
The method of claim 8,

A first electrode on the other surface of the plate;

An insulating layer disposed on the first electrode and surrounding the plurality of solar cells; And

Further comprising a second electrode disposed on the insulating layer and the plurality of solar cells,

The plurality of solar cells are arranged in the same polarity direction on the other surface of the plate.
The method of claim 1,

At least a portion of the plurality of solar cells are connected in series with each other.
The method of claim 10,

A plurality of first electrodes insulated from each other on the other surface of the plate;

An insulation layer disposed over the plurality of first electrodes and surrounding the plurality of solar cells, the insulation layer having a plurality of contact holes; And

Further comprising a plurality of second electrodes insulated from each other disposed on the insulating layer and the plurality of solar cells,

The plurality of solar cells are disposed in the same polarity direction on the other surface of the plate,

Two consecutive solar cells (hereinafter, referred to as a first solar cell and a second solar cell) connected in series among the plurality of solar cells may include a first electrode connected to the first solar cell among the plurality of first electrodes; A second electrode connected to the second solar cell of the plurality of second electrodes, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are connected to each other through a corresponding contact hole among the plurality of contact holes; Solar cell device connected.
The method of claim 10,

A plurality of first electrodes insulated from each other on the other surface of the plate;

An insulating layer disposed on the plurality of first electrodes and surrounding the plurality of solar cells; And

Further comprising a plurality of second electrodes insulated from each other disposed on the insulating layer and the plurality of solar cells,

Two consecutive solar cells connected in series among the plurality of solar cells are arranged with different polarities from each other,

Among the plurality of solar cells, a first solar cell and a second solar cell among three consecutive solar cells connected in series (hereinafter, referred to as a first solar cell, a second solar cell, and a third solar cell) may include the plurality of solar cells. And a second solar cell and a third solar cell are connected by a second electrode corresponding to these of the plurality of second electrodes.
The method of claim 10,

At least a portion of the series connected solar cells comprises a parallel connection of two or more solar cells having the same polarity direction.
(a) preparing a plate having a plurality of lenses formed on one surface thereof; And

(b) disposing a plurality of solar cells on the other surface of the plate.
The method of claim 14,

In performing the step (b), the plurality of solar cells are automatically arranged in the same polarity direction through the fluid self-assembly manufacturing method.
The method of claim 15,

(c) forming a first electrode on the other surface of the plate;

(d) forming an insulating layer having a space in which the plurality of solar cells are to be disposed on the first electrode; And

(e) forming a second electrode on the plurality of solar cells and the insulating layer

Solar cell device manufacturing method further comprising.
The method of claim 15,

(c) forming a plurality of first electrodes insulated from each other on the other surface of the plate;

(d) forming an insulating layer having a space in which the plurality of solar cells are disposed on the first electrodes, the insulating layer having a plurality of contact holes; And

(e) forming a plurality of second electrodes insulated from each other on the plurality of solar cells and the insulating layer

Solar cell device manufacturing method further comprising.
The method of claim 14,

In performing the step (b), at least a portion of the plurality of solar cells is a solar cell device manufacturing method is automatically arranged in a different polarity direction from each other through the fluid magnetic assembly.
The method of claim 18,

(c) forming a plurality of first electrodes insulated from each other on the other surface of the plate;

(d) forming an insulating layer having a space on which the plurality of solar cells are to be disposed on the first electrodes; And

(e) forming a plurality of second electrodes insulated from each other on the plurality of solar cells and the insulating layer

Solar cell device manufacturing method further comprising.
The method of claim 16,

The first electrode is a light transmissive solar cell device manufacturing method.
The method of claim 17 or 19,

The plurality of first electrodes are light transmissive solar cell device manufacturing method.
The method according to any one of claims 16, 17 or 19,

The insulating layer is a photoresist solar cell device manufacturing method.
The method according to any one of claims 16, 17 or 19,

In performing the step (d), a method of manufacturing a solar cell apparatus which secures a space in which the plurality of solar cells are located by exposing the light collected through the plurality of lenses without a separate mask to the insulating layer having photosensitivity. .
The method of claim 14,

The plurality of solar cells is a solar cell device manufacturing method comprising an inorganic solar cell.
A plurality of light collecting means; And

Solar cells that receive light collected by the light collecting means

Solar cell device comprising a.
The method of claim 25,

The plurality of light collecting means is a lens plate in which a plurality of lenses are arranged.
The method of claim 26,

And an additional plate coupled to the lens plate, wherein the solar cells are located between the lens plate and the additional plate.
The method of claim 25,

The plurality of light collecting means is a solar cell device is a mirror plate arranged a plurality of mirrors.
The method of claim 28,

And an additional plate coupled to the mirror plate, wherein the solar cells are located between the mirror plate and the additional plate.
The method of claim 25,

The plurality of solar cells are inorganic solar cells.
(a) preparing a plate having a plurality of first grooves having a first shape and a plurality of second grooves having a second shape formed on one surface thereof; And

(b) disposing a first electronic element having a third shape corresponding to the first shape and a second electronic element having a fourth shape corresponding to the second shape on the other surface of the plate. Self Assembly Method.
The method of claim 31, wherein

And the first electronic elements and the second electronic elements are solar cells.