WO2009107822A1 - 種子内の油脂含量を調節する変異遺伝子、種子内油脂含量の調節方法 - Google Patents
種子内の油脂含量を調節する変異遺伝子、種子内油脂含量の調節方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/415—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from plants
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8201—Methods for introducing genetic material into plant cells, e.g. DNA, RNA, stable or transient incorporation, tissue culture methods adapted for transformation
- C12N15/8209—Selection, visualisation of transformants, reporter constructs, e.g. antibiotic resistance markers
- C12N15/821—Non-antibiotic resistance markers, e.g. morphogenetic, metabolic markers
- C12N15/8212—Colour markers, e.g. beta-glucoronidase [GUS], green fluorescent protein [GFP], carotenoid
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
- C12N15/8242—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with non-agronomic quality (output) traits, e.g. for industrial processing; Value added, non-agronomic traits
- C12N15/8243—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with non-agronomic quality (output) traits, e.g. for industrial processing; Value added, non-agronomic traits involving biosynthetic or metabolic pathways, i.e. metabolic engineering, e.g. nicotine, caffeine
- C12N15/8247—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with non-agronomic quality (output) traits, e.g. for industrial processing; Value added, non-agronomic traits involving biosynthetic or metabolic pathways, i.e. metabolic engineering, e.g. nicotine, caffeine involving modified lipid metabolism, e.g. seed oil composition
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
- C12N9/1025—Acyltransferases (2.3)
- C12N9/1029—Acyltransferases (2.3) transferring groups other than amino-acyl groups (2.3.1)
Definitions
- Mutant gene that regulates oil content in seeds method for regulating oil content in seeds
- the present invention relates to a mutated gene that regulates oil content in seeds, which is identified using changes in oil bodies present in seeds as an index, and to regulate oil content in seeds by mutating specific genes. I will explain how. Background art
- Oil bodies are small organelles present in large amounts in the seed cells of plants, especially oil crops.
- the oil body is formed of a single layer of phospholipid membrane containing a specific protein called oleosin, steroleosin and force leucine.
- the vegetable oil is in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG, neutral fat, neutral lipid). In particular, it accumulates in large quantities in plant seeds.
- TAG triacylglycerol
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses that the size of the oil body is affected by the abundance of oleosin.
- Non-patent document 2 discloses that an oil body can be observed by fluorescence derived from GFP by fusing an oleosin gene and a GFP (green fluorescent protein) gene.
- GFP green fluorescent protein
- Non-Patent Document 1 Si loto, RMP Et al., Plant Cel 18, 18, 1961-1974, (2006) Non-Patent Document 2 Wahlroos et al., GENESIS, 35 (2): 125-132, (2003) Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention establishes a system capable of measuring various properties such as the number and size of oil bodies in plant cells, and uses this to elucidate the correlation between oil body properties and fat content, It is an object of the present invention to provide a mutant gene having a function of regulating oil content and a method for regulating oil content in seeds.
- the present inventors have intensively studied, expressed oleosin-GFP fusion protein, and found that there is a positive correlation between the sum of the GFP fluorescence intensity and the oil content. Based on this finding, the present inventors have found that a gene having a function of affecting the fat content in seeds and an amino acid substitution mutation in the gene affect the fat content in seeds. It came to be completed. That is, the mutant gene according to the present invention includes the following.
- the mutant protein has a 12th amino acid residue from the N-terminal side as another amino acid.
- the mutant gene according to (1) wherein the gene is derived from a plant gene belonging to one family selected from the group consisting of Gramineae, Brassicaceae and Willowaceae.
- the mutant gene according to (1) which is obtained by mutating a plant-derived gene belonging to one species selected from the group consisting of barley, rice, Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa and poplar.
- the present invention also includes a mutant protein encoded by the mutant gene described above, a transformed cell introduced with the mutant gene described above, and a transformed plant introduced with the mutant gene described above.
- the method for adjusting the oil content in seeds according to the present invention includes the following.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a score matrix (BL0SUM) of substitution mutations of amino acid residues.
- Fig. 2_1 is an alignment diagram showing the results of alignment analysis for 14 amino acid sequences.
- Figure 2-2 is an alignment diagram showing the results of alignment analysis for 14 amino acid sequences.
- Figure 2-3 is an alignment diagram showing the results of alignment analysis for 14 types of amino acid sequences.
- Figure 2-4 is an alignment diagram showing the results of alignment analysis for 14 amino acid sequences.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a molecular evolutionary tree obtained from the alignment diagram shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a structural diagram schematically showing an oleosin-GFP fusion gene, and B to D are fluorescent photographs of cotyledons on day 6 of germination of 01eG, variant A, and variant B, respectively.
- FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the total GFP fluorescence% and the lipid content of seeds.
- FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing the results of fatty acid composition analysis of seed storage lipids in 01eG, Mutant A, and Mutant B.
- Figure 7 shows the results of SDS-PAGE using protein samples extracted from seeds of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana, 01eG, mutant A, and mutant B, the results of imunoguchi analysis using anti-oleosin antibody, and anti-GFP. This is a photograph showing an immunoblotting analysis using antibody (C).
- FIG. 8 is a photograph showing the results of observation of seed cells of 01eG, Mutant A and Mutant B with an electron microscope.
- Fig. 9 is a characteristic diagram showing the results of high-precision mapping to identify the causative gene in variant A, and B is the gene present at the mapped position.
- a model plant Arabidopsis thaliana
- an oil body-specific protein and a fluorescent protein specifically, an oleosin-GFP fusion gene
- the oil body contained in the cotyledon collected from the transformed Arabidopsis thaliana is fluorescent.
- Mutations were induced in the transformed Arabidopsis thaliana to observe changes in various properties such as the shape and number of oil bodies, as well as changes in oil content and oil composition.
- the mutated gene according to the present invention is a protein obtained by substituting a predetermined amino acid in an evolutionarily conserved amino acid sequence called a diacylglycerol-acyltransferase domain with another amino acid. It encodes a protein that has the function of regulating the fat content and the amount of fat.
- the mutated gene according to the present invention is a protein having an evolutionarily conserved amino acid sequence called a diacylglycerol acyltransferase domain consisting of an amino acid sequence in which a predetermined amino acid is substituted with another amino acid.
- a consensus sequence an amino acid sequence constituting an evolutionarily conserved region called a diacylglycerol acyltransferase domain is referred to as a consensus sequence.
- the consensus sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.
- consensus sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 can be rewritten as the following amino acid sequence (amino acid single letter code).
- amino acid sequence a plurality of amino acids in the bracket are collected at the position. Variations of possible amino acid residues are shown.
- X means that an arbitrary amino acid residue is taken at that position.
- the possible amino acid residue variations at a given position are as follows. That is, the consensus sequence can be defined by performing multiple alignment analysis of amino acid sequences of homologous proteins derived from a plurality of plant species, as will be described later.
- a score matrix (BL0SUM) of substitution mutations of amino acid residues was proposed and widely used (Fig. 1 in this specification).
- Reference (2) is based on the finding that amino acid substitutions between similar side chain chemical properties result in fewer structural and functional changes to the protein as a whole.
- the side chain groups of amino acids considered for multiple alignment can be considered based on indicators such as chemical properties and physical size. This is shown as a group of amino acids having a score of 0 or more of the scores shown in FIG.
- the following eight are typical groups.
- Other fine groupings may be an amino acid group of 0 or more, preferably 1 or more of amino acid groups, and more preferably of 2 or more amino acid groups of the values in FIG.
- This group is a group of amino acids having a hydrophobic hydrophobic side chain among the neutral nonpolar amino acids shown in the above reference (1).
- V Val, Valine
- L Leu, Mouth
- Isin Kile, isoleucine
- M Metal;
- FGACWP is not included in this “aliphatic hydrophobic amino acid group” for the following reasons. This is because G (Gly, dalysin) and A (Ala, alanine) are less than the methyl group and have a weak nonpolar effect. This is because C (Cys, cysteine) may play an important role in SS bonds, and also has the property of forming hydrogen bonds with oxygen and nitrogen atoms.
- This group is a group of amino acids having a hydroxymethylene group in the side chain among neutral polar amino acids, and consists of S (Ser, serine) and T (Thr, threonine).
- S Ser, serine
- T Thr, threonine
- the hydroxyl groups present in the side chains of S and T are sugar binding sites, so they are often important sites for certain polypeptides (proteins) to have specific activities.
- This group is a group of amino acids having an acidic carboxyl group in the side chain, and is composed of D (Asp, aspartic acid) and E (Glu, glutamic acid).
- This group is a group of basic amino acids and consists of K (Lys, lysine) and R (Arg, arginine). These K and R are positively charged and have basic properties over a wide pH range. On the other hand, H (His, histidine), which is classified as a basic amino acid, is not classified into this group because it is hardly ionized at pH7.
- This group is characterized by the fact that a methylene group is bonded as a side chain to the carbon element at the ⁇ -position and has a polar group at the end.
- the physical size of the methylene group which is a nonpolar group, is very similar to that of N (Asn, asparagine, polar group is amide group), D (Asp, aspartic acid, polar group is carboxyl group) and H (His, histidine, polar group is imidazole group).
- This group consists of all carbon atoms in the ⁇ position and straight chain carbons with dimethylene groups or more as side chains. It has the feature that hydrogen fluoride is bonded and has a polar group at the end.
- the dimethylene group which is a nonpolar group, has a similar physical size. E (Glu, glutamic acid, polar group is carboxyl group), K (Lys, lysine, polar group is amino group), Q (Gln, glutamine, polar group is amide group), R (Arg, arginine, polar group is imino group) Group and amino group).
- This group is an aromatic amino acid with a benzene nucleus in the side chain and is characterized by aromatic chemical properties. It consists of F (Phe, phenylalanin), Y (Tyr, tyrosine), W (Trp, tryptophan).
- This group includes amino acids that have a cyclic structure in the side chain as well as a polarity, and H (H, histidine, both cyclic structure and polar group are imidazole groups), Y (Tyr, tyrosine; The polar group consists of a hydroxyl group).
- the mutated gene according to the present invention is obtained by substituting the second amino acid residue (threonine (T) or serine (S)) from the N-terminal side in the above consensus sequence with another amino acid, and controls the amount of oil and fat in plants. It encodes a protein having the function of
- the 12th amino acid residue (threonine (T) or serine (S)) from the N-terminal side in the above consensus sequence is highly likely to be phosphorylated by threonine kinase or serine kinase. It is a group and has a high probability of being an amino acid residue that greatly contributes to diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity.
- the gene according to the present invention is encoded by substituting the second amino acid residue (threonine (T) or serine (S)) from the N-terminal side in the consensus sequence with another amino acid.
- the activity of the protein will change. Changes in the activity of the protein encoded by the gene include improving enzyme activity, suppressing enzyme activity, changing substrate specificity, and affinity with substrates, coenzymes, and other factors. Means to change.
- the other amino acid after substitution is preferably a force S that can include isoleucine, valine, leucine and methionin, particularly isoloicin.
- a force S that can include isoleucine, valine, leucine and methionin, particularly isoloicin.
- the consensus sequence is a sequence consisting of 10 amino acid residues (xxx (N / H / E / D) (D / E) xx (N / K) on the C-terminal side of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1. ) Array with xP) appended
- mutant gene according to the present invention has a predetermined sequence on the C-terminal side of the amino acid sequence shown in sequence number 1.
- the gene encoding the protein having the above consensus sequence is not limited to a specific plant species, and can be identified and isolated from a wide variety of plant species.
- the genes encoding the proteins having the above consensus sequences include Arabidopsis thal iana belonging to the Brassicaceae family, Hordeum vulgare belonging to the Gramineae family, Oryza sat iva, and Brassica. It can be identified and isolated from Brassica ica rapa belonging to the family and Poplar trichocarpa (sometimes called black cottonwood or cottonwood) belonging to the family Willow.
- Brass ica rapa includes, for example, rapeseed, oilseed rape, nanohana, Chinese cabbage, chingensai, turnip, Nozana, Mizuna, Komatsuna and Pakuchiyo.
- Atlg54570 gene identified by GenBank accession number NM_123478.3
- At5g41130 gene identified by GenBank accession number AY09638.1
- Mention may be made of the At3g26840 gene.
- an example of a gene encoding a protein having the above consensus sequence is the FLbaf l27k09 gene identified by GenBank accession number AK251457.1.
- As a gene encoding a protein having the above consensus sequence in rice The 0s01g0361500 gene identified by GenBank accession number ⁇ _001049558 ⁇ 1, the 0s01g0362100 gene identified by GenBank accession number ⁇ _001049562 ⁇ 1, the 0s01g0361700 gene identified by GenBank accession number NM_001049559.1, and the GenBank Mention may be made of the 0s09g0509500 gene identified by the accession number NM_001070165.
- the gene coding for the protein having the above consensus sequence is GenBank accession number AC189616. And the KBrH099I08 gene identified in 1.
- the gene encoding the protein having the above consensus sequence is a region between the 41811th base and the 50309th base in the complete base sequence of clone name P0P002-D20 registered as GenBank accession number AC213081.1. List the existing genes, the genes present in the region of bases 62687 to 71216, the genes present in the region of bases 89072 to 97258, and the genes present in the region of bases 75984 to 83278. I can do it.
- the nucleotide sequence of the Atlg54570 gene and the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the Atlg54570 gene are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 3 and 4, respectively.
- the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the At5g41130 gene is shown in SEQ ID NO: 5.
- the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the At5 g 41120 gene is shown in SEQ ID NO: 6.
- the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the At3g26840 gene is shown in SEQ ID NO: 7.
- SEQ ID NO: 8 shows the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the FLbafl27k09 gene.
- the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the above 0s01g0361500 gene is shown in SEQ ID NO: 9.
- the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the 0s01g0362100 gene is shown in SEQ ID NO: 10.
- the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the above 0s01g0361700 gene is shown in SEQ ID NO: 11.
- the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the 0s09g0509500 gene is shown in SEQ ID NO: 12.
- the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the KBrH099I08 gene is shown in SEQ ID NO: 13. Region of 41811th to 50309th bases in the complete base sequence of the name of P0P002-D20 registered as AC213081.1
- the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the gene present in is shown in SEQ ID NO: 14.
- SEQ ID NO: 15 shows the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the gene existing in the region from base 62687 to base 71216 in the complete base sequence of clone name P0P002-D20.
- SEQ ID NO: 16 shows the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the gene existing in the region from base 89072 to base 97258 in the complete base sequence of clone name P0P002-D20.
- SEQ ID NO: 17 shows the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the gene present in the region of bases 75984 to 83278 in the complete base sequence of clone name P0P002-D20.
- the CLUSTAL W (1.83) multiple sequence alignment program (available at the National Institute of Genetics DDBJ (http://clustalw.ddbj.nig.ac. jp / top-j.html)) shows the results of the alignment analysis (the amino acid sequence substitution matrix used was the default BL0SUM matrix).
- the amino acid sequence substitution matrix used was the default BL0SUM matrix.
- Fig. 2 these 14 types of proteins are found to have the above consensus sequence (underlined).
- the mutated gene according to the present invention is obtained by substituting threonine (T) or serine (S) at the position indicated by an arrow in the multiple alignment shown in FIG. 2 with another amino acid.
- Fig. 3 shows the molecular evolutionary tree obtained from the alignment results of the 14 types of amino acid sequences shown in Fig. 2.
- a conventionally known genetic engineering technique is appropriately used. Can be used.
- the base sequence of the wild-type gene that encodes the protein to be mutagenized is identified, and the mutation is introduced using the site-specific mutagenesis kit to code for the protein after substitution. You can.
- the gene into which the mutation has been introduced can be recovered according to a conventional method, for example, in the state of being incorporated into an expression vector. To introduce a mutation into a gene,
- a mutation introduction kit using site-directed mutagenesis for example, Mutant-K (manufactured by TAKARA Bio)). Or Mutan-G (TAKARA Bio), etc., or LA PCR in vitro Mutagenesis series kit from TAKARA Bio Is introduced.
- the mutant gene according to the present invention comprises the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 17 with the 12th amino acid residue (threonine (T) or serine (S)) from the N-terminal side in the consensus sequence. It is not limited to those encoding proteins containing amino acid sequences substituted with other amino acids.
- the mutated gene according to the present invention comprises the amino acid residues shown in SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 17 in the consensus sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 and the second amino acid residue (threonine (T) or serine (S )) May be mutated by deletion, substitution, addition or the like in plural, preferably one or several amino acids, from the amino acid sequence in which is substituted with other amino acids. For example, 1 to 10, 1 to 8, and preferably 1 to 5 amino acids in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 17 may be deleted, added or substituted.
- the similarity is preferably 80% or more, more preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and most preferably 95% or more.
- the amino acid deletion, addition, and substitution can be performed by modifying the gene encoding the protein by a technique known in the art. Mutation can be introduced into a gene by a known method such as the Kunkel method or the Gapped duplex method, or a method equivalent thereto. For example, a mutation introduction kit using site-directed mutagenesis (for example, Mutant -K (TAKARA Bio) or Mutan- G (TAKARA
- Examples of the method for introducing a mutation into the mutant gene according to the present invention include EMS (ethyl methanesulfonic acid), 5-bromouracil, 2-aminopurine, hydroxylamine, N-methyl-N, -nitro_N nitrosoguanidine, Other methods that use chemical mutations such as those typified by carcinogenic compounds may be used, or radiation treatment or ultraviolet treatment typified by X-rays, alpha rays, beta rays, gamma rays, or ion beams. The method by may be used.
- the mutant gene according to the present invention has a function of hybridizing with a DNA consisting of a base sequence complementary to the DNA consisting of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 under stringent conditions and regulating the oil content in seeds.
- stringent conditions refer to conditions under which so-called specific hybrids are formed and non-specific hybrids are not formed. For example, hybridization at 45 ° C, 6 X SSC (sodium sodium citrate), followed by washing at 50-65 ° C, 0.2-1 X SSC, 0.1% SDS Examples of such conditions include: hybridization at 65 to 70 ° C. and 1 ⁇ SSC, and subsequent washing at 65 to 70 ° C. and 0.3 ⁇ SSC.
- the protein is then hybridized by chemical synthesis, by PCR using the cloned cDNA as a saddle, or by using a DNA fragment having the base sequence as a probe. It can be obtained from various plants.
- the mutant gene according to the present invention described above represents a wild-type gene in the plant genome, and the 12th amino acid residue (threonine (T) or serine (S)) from the N-terminal side in the consensus sequence. By changing to substitute with other amino acids, it is functionally expressed in the desired plant. That is, a plant having a mutant gene according to the present invention may be produced by the site-directed mutagenesis method as described above, or a homologous pair between a previously prepared mutant gene and a wild-type gene in the genome. It may be created by replacement. Alternatively, a plant having a mutated gene according to the present invention may be produced by deleting a wild-type gene in the plant genome and introducing the mutated gene so that it can be expressed. Furthermore, a plant having a mutant gene according to the present invention may be produced by introducing a mutant gene so that the wild-type gene in the plant genome is not over-expressed.
- T threonine
- S serine
- pBI vectors, pUC vectors, and pTRA vectors are preferably used as vectors for introducing and expressing the mutant gene of the present invention into plant cells.
- the pBI and pTRA vectors can introduce a gene of interest into a plant via an agrobacterium.
- pBI binary One vector or intermediate vector system is preferably used, and examples thereof include ⁇ 21, pBI101, ⁇ 101.2, ⁇ .3, and the like.
- a pUC vector can directly introduce a gene into a plant, and examples thereof include pUC18, pUC19, and pUC9.
- Plant virus vectors such as cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), kidney bean mosaic virus (BGMV), and tabaco mosaic virus (TMV) can also be used. Further, the mutant gene according to the present invention may be introduced directly into a plant cell by the particle gun method without being introduced together with DNA having a vector function.
- CaMV cauliflower mosaic virus
- BGMV kidney bean mosaic virus
- TMV tabaco mosaic virus
- the mutated gene according to the present invention is preferably contained in DNA constructed so that the function of the gene is exhibited. Therefore, in addition to a promoter, an enhancer, a splicing signal, a poly A addition signal, a selection marker, a 5′-UTR sequence and the like can be ligated to the DNA for gene transfer as desired.
- the selection marker include dihydrofolate reductase gene, ampicillin resistance gene, neomycin resistance gene, hygromycin resistance gene, and bialaphos resistance gene.
- the “promoter” does not have to be derived from a plant as long as it functions in plant cells and can induce expression in a specific tissue of a plant or at a specific developmental stage.
- Specific examples include the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter, the promoter of nopaline synthase gene (Pnos), the maize rice-derived ubiquitin promoter, the maize rice-derived lactin promoter, and the tobacco-derived PR protein promoter.
- CaMV cauliflower mosaic virus
- Pnos nopaline synthase gene
- Etc the tobacco-derived PR protein promoter
- the “terminator” may be any sequence that can terminate transcription of a gene transcribed by the promoter. Specific examples include nopaline synthase gene terminator (Tnos :) and force reflower mosaic virus poly A terminator.
- Enhancer is used to increase the expression efficiency of the target gene.
- a transformed plant can be prepared according to a standard method.
- a transformed plant can be obtained by introducing the expression vector into a host so that the introduced mutant gene can be expressed. it can. Further, if it is contained in a DNA fragment constructed so that the function of the mutated gene according to the present invention is exerted, a transformed plant can also be produced by the particle gun method while lacking DNA having a vector function. .
- a transformed plant (transgenic plant) can be obtained as follows.
- the target of transformation is plant tissue (eg, epidermis, phloem, soft tissue, xylem, vascular bundle, etc., including plant organs (eg, leaves, petals, stems, roots, seeds, etc.)) or plant cells.
- plant tissue eg, epidermis, phloem, soft tissue, xylem, vascular bundle, etc., including plant organs (eg, leaves, petals, stems, roots, seeds, etc.)) or plant cells.
- examples of the plant having a mutated gene according to the present invention include dicotyledonous plants, monocotyledonous plants, for example, plants belonging to Brassicaceae, Gramineae, Solanum, Legumes, Willowaceae, etc. (see below). However, it is not limited to these plants.
- Brassicaceae Arabidopsis s thal iana, Brassica rapa, Brassica napus, Brassica oleracea var. Capitata, Brassica ica napus, Brassica ica rapa ⁇ Brassica napus, Brassica rapa var. Pekinens is, Chingensai (Brass ica rapa var. Chinens is)-Turnip (Brassica rapa var. Rapa) ⁇ Nozuna (Brass ica rapa var. Hakabura) N Misna (Brass ica. rapa var. lancinifol ia) N Komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. peruviridi s), Pakchi 3 (Brassica rapa var. chinens is), Japanese radish (Brassica Raphanus sativus) ⁇ Wabi (Wasabia japoni ca).
- Solanum Ni'cotiana tabacum, Eggplant (Solanum melongena) N potatoes (Solaneum tuberosum), Lycopersicon lycopersicum, Capsicum annuum, Petunia, etc.
- Legumes Soybean (Glycine max), Endo (Pi sum sat ivum), Broad bean (Vicia faba), Dung (Wi steria floribunda), Fukkasei (Arachi s. Hypogaea) N Yagoke (Lotus corniculatus var. Japonicus) Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) ) Az
- Chrysanthemums Chrysanthemum morifol ium, Helianthus annuus, etc.
- Noufu / ⁇ Mondo (Araygdalus communis, Nokufu (Rosa), Tychigo (Fragaria, Prunus, Rinco (Malus pumi la var. Domestical, etc.).
- Dianthus Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus).
- Lily family Tulip (Tul ipa), Lily (Lil ium), etc.
- Methods for introducing an expression vector or DNA fragment having a mutated gene according to the present invention into a plant include the agrobatterium method, the PEG-calcium phosphate method, the oral mouth method, the ribosome method, and the particle gun method ( Bombardment method) and microinjection method.
- the agrobacterium method when used, there are cases where a protoplast is used and a tissue piece is used.
- the method can be carried out by a method of infecting a sterile cultured leaf piece of a target plant with a leaf disc (leaf disc method), a method of infecting a callus (undifferentiated cultured cell), a method of directly infiltrating a flower tissue, or the like.
- leaf disc method a method of infecting a sterile cultured leaf piece of a target plant with a leaf disc
- a method of infecting a callus undifferentiated cultured cell
- a method of directly infiltrating a flower tissue or the like.
- Acetosylingon can be used to increase the transformation rate.
- amplification products can be detected by performing PCR using primers previously labeled with a fluorescent dye or the like.
- the amplification product may be bound to a solid phase such as a microplate and the amplification product may be confirmed by fluorescence or enzyme reaction.
- Tumor tissue, shoots, hairy roots, seeds, etc. obtained as a result of transformation can be used for cell culture, tissue culture, or organ culture as they are, and conventionally known plant tissue culture methods can be used. It can be regenerated into plants by administration of an appropriate concentration of plant hormones (auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, ethylene, brassinolide, etc.). In general, regeneration of plant bodies from cultured cells involves differentiation of roots on a medium containing an appropriate type of auxin and cytokinin, and then transplantation to a medium rich in cytokinin. This is done by differentiating shoots and then transplanting them into soil that does not contain hormones.
- plant hormones auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, ethylene, brassinolide, etc.
- the total amount of fats and oils contained in the specific tissue is contained in the wild type specific tissue as compared with the plant before the introduction of the mutant gene.
- the% fat content in a specific tissue shows a characteristic phenotype when the fat content in a specific wild type tissue decreases.
- the specific tissue may be leaves, cotyledons, roots, root hairs, trichomes, flowers, seeds, fruits, flower stems, tuberous roots, tubers, corms, etc., preferably cotyledons, seeds, fruits, more preferably seeds.
- the fat and oil components contained in seeds collected from plants can be quantitatively detected by a conventionally known method.
- An example of a method for measuring the fat and oil components contained in a specific tissue is a method using a pulse NMR apparatus.
- the mutant gene according to the present invention was identified by visualizing the oil body contained in cotyledons collected from transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana into which the oleosin-GFP fusion gene was introduced.
- the oil body-specific protein is not limited to oleosin, and proteins existing specifically in the oil body can be widely used.
- the fluorescent protein for visualizing the oil body in the cotyledon may be a fluorescent protein, such as GFP (green fluorescent protein), YFP (ye ⁇ ⁇ ow f ⁇ uorescent protein).
- RFP vred fluorescent protein OFP ⁇ orange fluorescent protein
- BFP blue fluorescent protein
- the oil body in the cotyledon it is not limited to fluorescent proteins, and proteins that can be detected by visible light can be widely used. That is, as a protein that can be detected by visible light, for example, a photoprotein such as luciferase can be used.
- Arabidopsis thaliana which is widely used as a model plant, was transformed to express the oleosin-GFP fusion gene, and a transformed plant capable of observing the oil body by fluorescence observation was created.
- the obtained transformed plant was subjected to mutation treatment, and the mutant in which the amount of oil and fat in the seed was changed was identified using the change in the properties of the oil body as an index.
- the causative gene in the identified mutant was identified, a gene having a function of changing the amount of oil and fat in the seed was identified, and an amino acid substitution mutation that changed the amount of oil and fat in the plant was identified.
- the specific experimental flow and experimental results are described in detail below.
- PCR was performed using CTCGCCCTTGCTCACCATAGTAGTGTGCTGGCCACC 3 ': SEQ ID NO: 19) to amplify a DNA fragment A having a part of the attBl sequence and a part of the GFP gene at both ends of the oleosin S3 cDNA.
- cDNA and primer 3 (5 'GGTGGCCAGCACACTACTATGGTGAGCAAGGGCGAG 3' encoding green fluorescent protein GFP in Owankurage: SEQ ID NO: 2
- primer 4 5 'AGAAAGCTGGGTCTTACTTGTACAGCTCGTCCAT 3 ': SEQ ID NO: 2
- amplified DNA fragment B in which part of oleosin S3 cDNA and part of attB2 sequence were added to both ends of GFP cDNA .
- DNA fragments A DNA fragment B, primer 5 (5 'GGGG ACA AGT TTG TAC AAA AAA GCA GGC T 3': SEQ ID NO: 2 2) and the primer 6 (5 'GGGG AC CAC TTT GTA CAA GAA AGC TGG G 3 ′: SEQ ID NO: 2 3) were mixed and further PCR was performed to prepare an oleosin-GFP fusion gene having attBl and attB2 sequences on both sides.
- the nucleotide sequence of the oleosin-GFP fusion gene and the amino acid sequence of the gene product are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 24 and 25, respectively.
- the obtained fusion gene was cloned into a Ti vector having attRl and attR2 sequences downstream of the CaMV 35S promoter and containing a kanamycin resistance marker via the PD0NR221 vector according to the Gateway system protocol of Invitrogene.
- the obtained plasmid was agrobacterium by electroporation.
- the oleosin-GFP fusion gene was introduced into the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana using the Agrobacterium method.
- A600 0. 8 t so that it can be infiltrated (10 mM MgCl 2 , 5% sucrose, 0.05% Si lwet
- the flowering Arabidopsis flower stalks were immersed in this suspension for 1 minute, and then the seeds with fruit were collected. The collected seeds are sterilized after seed sterilization and sown on a sterile agar medium containing 25 mg / l kanamycin.
- a transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana in which the -GFP fusion gene was inserted into the genome was isolated. Obtained The seeds were collected from the transformed Arabidopsis thaliana, and a transformant having homozygous kanamycin resistance was selected as a progeny and named OleG.
- 2 Progeny seeds were collected for 16 hours at 2 ° C for 16 hours and 8 hours under drought conditions, and designated as M2 seeds.
- a fluorescence stereomicroscope (Carl Zeiss SteRE0 Lumar V12) was used. OleG and M2 seeds were germinated for 6 days in a sterile agar medium upright and the oleosin-GFP fusion protein in the cotyledon cotyledon, hypocotyl and root cells under the fluorescence stereomicroscope (Carl Zeiss) GFP fluorescence was observed. OleG was identified as a mutant with a different GFP fluorescence intensity and distribution.
- a 5 ⁇ l sample was electrophoresed on an SDS polyacrylamide gel, and then the protein in the gel was transferred to a two-trocellulose membrane using the semi-drive mouth method. Detection of proteins transferred to the nitrocellulose membrane using anti-protein antibodies follows the GE Healthcare Bioscience protocol.
- ECL Western blotting detection reagents were used. In that case, primary antibody
- Anti-oreosin antibody or anti-GFP antibody and secondary antibody are both diluted 1/5000. Used.
- a luminescence image analyzer made by Fuji Film is used to detect luminescence.
- Half-cut seeds were fixed with a fixative (4% paraformaldehyde, 1% dartaldehyde, 10% DMS0, 0.05M cacozinoleic acid buffer pH 7.4). After fixation, Sampnore was embedded in Evon 812 resin, and ultrathin sections were prepared using a Leica microtome Ultracut UCT. Ultrathin sections were electron-stained with 4% uranium acetate and 0.4% lead citrate, and then observed with an electron microscope (Hitachi Seisakusho H-7600).
- the seeds were weighed with a precision electronic balance using a medicine wrapping paper while performing static neutralization, and weighed so that the seed weight would be 10-12 mg.
- the seeds were placed in a test tube for pulsed NMR, and the fat content (% by weight) in the seeds was determined from the ⁇ -pulsed NMR relaxation time value using MASON-23 pulsed NMR manufactured by Resonance. The detailed measurement procedure followed the pulse NMR measurement manual.
- Nitrogen gas purge was performed at 40 ° C to dry the fatty acid methyl ester. Dried fatty acid The chilled ester was dissolved in n- hexane 500 ⁇ 1, and various fatty acid methyl esters were separated and quantified by GC-FID. For quantification, the area value of the internal standard (C15: 0 fatty acid) was referred.
- mutants with the Colombian ecotype as the background and wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana-Landberg erecta ecotype Were crossed to obtain 310 F2 generations with homozygous mutant genes.
- Genes estimated to be the causative gene from OleG and mutant genomic DNA were amplified using PCR, and the nucleotide sequence was determined using a 3130x1 genetic analyzer manufactured by Applied Biosystems.
- fusion Tanno ⁇ 0 click cytoplasm Oreoshin and GFP green fluorescent protein co prepare an dos Ru fusion gene (Oleosin- GFP), which was linked to the-derived 35S promoter DNA downstream cauliflower mosaic virus (Fig. 4 A ).
- This DNA construct was introduced into the genomic DNA of Arabidopsis thaliana using the Agrobacterium method to produce transformed Arabidopsis and named oleG.
- Figure 4B shows the result of observation of oleG cotyledons after germination for 6 days under drought conditions using fluorescence microscopy. From Fig. 4B, it can be seen that the oil body membrane is labeled with GFP fluorescence, and that many small oil bodies are present as aggregates. In addition to the cotyledons germinated under dark conditions, it was found that oil bodies also exist in green cotyledons, true leaves, and petals germinated under embryonic conditions.
- oleG seeds were mutated with ethylmethanesulfonic acid to obtain progeny M2 seeds. Fluorescence microscopy of M2 plants germinated for 6 days under dark black was performed, and mutant A (Fig. 4C) and mutant B (Fig. 4D) differing in fluorescence intensity from oleG were obtained. These mutants had lower GFP fluorescence intensity in germinated cotyledons than oleG. ⁇ Relationship between GFP fluorescence and seed lipid content>
- the lipid content in the seeds of 01eG, Mutant A and Mutant B was measured and found to be 34 ⁇ 66% ⁇ 0.43%, 26.91% ⁇ 0.34%, and 32.34% ⁇ 0.49%, respectively.
- a positive correlation was found between the total GFP fluorescence and the lipid content of seeds (Fig. 5).
- the fatty acid composition contained in the fat accumulated in the seeds of these mutants was analyzed (Fig. 6).
- the content of C20: l (ll) cis was decreased compared to OleG.
- the fatty acid in this specification is represented as follows.
- Fig. 7 shows the results of analysis of the proteins contained in the seeds of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana, 01eG, mutant A, and mutant B. From the kumashi primiant blue staining (Fig. 7A), the imunoblot analysis with anti-oleosin antibody (Fig. 7B) and the immunoblotting analysis with anti-GFP antibody (Fig. 7C), the seeds of mutant A and mutant B were It was revealed that endogenous oleosin levels and oporeosin-GFP levels were both decreased compared to OleG.
- FIGS. 7 shows the results of analysis of the proteins contained in the seeds of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana, 01eG, mutant A, and mutant B. From the kumashi primiant blue staining (Fig. 7A), the imunoblot analysis with anti-oleosin antibody (Fig. 7B) and the immunoblotting analysis with anti-GFP antibody (Fig. 7C), the seeds of mutant A and mutant B were It was revealed
- lane 1 represents a sample derived from wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana
- lane 2 represents a sample derived from OleG
- lane 3 represents a sample derived from mutant A. A pull is shown
- lane 4 shows a variant B-derived sample.
- FIG. 8 shows the results of observation of the seed cells of 01eG, mutant A, and mutant B with an electron microscope.
- OleG seed cells are packed with small oil bodies, similar to wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana.
- Mutant A and Mutant B there is a gap that seems to be a cytosol between them, and the individual oil bodies are rounded. This is thought to be due to a decrease in the amount of stored fat in seeds. Also, some oil bodies in the seeds are enlarging. This was thought to be due to a decrease in the amount of oleosin in the oil body membrane.
- Mutant A which has a Colombian ecotype in the background, and wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana in the Landsburg-Electa ecotype were crossed to perform high-precision mapping of the causative gene.
- Figure 9A shows the results of scoring genetic background for 620 chromosomes using molecular markers. The number of chromosomes from the Landsburg-Electa indicates that recombination has occurred between the locus of the variant A causative gene and the molecular marker. As shown in FIG. 9 A, the high-precision mapping, locus mutant A causative gene is in the immediate vicinity of Atlg54560 of chromosome 1 was found to be located between the Atl g 54150 and Atlg54970. It is suggested that 87 genes including the unidentified gene Atlg54570 (Fig. 9B) exist in this region.
- Atlg54570 encodes a polypeptide that includes a proposed portion of diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DAGAT) domain.
- DAGAT domain is an amino acid sequence that is thought to exist in common with diacylglycerol acyltransferase, which is one of the enzymes involved in triacylglycerol synthesis, but it is based on base sequence information. Not all polypeptides with domains have DAGAT activity. Also, DAGAT research has been concentrated on budding yeast, and there is no known example in which a specific polypeptide in plant seeds has been identified as DAGAT.
- the oil content and oil composition in the seed, the oil composition and the like can be regulated. Moreover, according to the method for adjusting the oil content in seeds according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a plant in which the oil content and the oil composition are adjusted.
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AU2009218032A AU2009218032A1 (en) | 2008-02-28 | 2009-02-23 | Mutant gene that regulates oil-and-fat content in seed and method for regulating oil-and-fat content in seed |
EP09715272A EP2270168A4 (en) | 2008-02-28 | 2009-02-23 | MUTANT GENE FOR CONTROLLING OIL AND GREASE CONTENT OF A SEED AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING OIL AND GREASE CONTENT OF A SEED |
CN2009801068102A CN101960010A (zh) | 2008-02-28 | 2009-02-23 | 调节种子内油脂含量的突变基因、种子内油脂含量的调节方法 |
CA2717086A CA2717086A1 (en) | 2008-02-28 | 2009-02-23 | Mutant gene that regulates oil-and-fat content in seed and method for regulating oil-and-fat content in seed |
US12/920,063 US20110041220A1 (en) | 2008-02-28 | 2009-02-23 | Mutant gene that regulates oil-and-fat content in seed and method for regulating oil-and-fat content in seed |
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AU2009218032A1 (en) | 2009-09-03 |
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