WO2009106014A1 - 一种多态开关及使用该多态开关的变换器 - Google Patents

一种多态开关及使用该多态开关的变换器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009106014A1
WO2009106014A1 PCT/CN2009/070582 CN2009070582W WO2009106014A1 WO 2009106014 A1 WO2009106014 A1 WO 2009106014A1 CN 2009070582 W CN2009070582 W CN 2009070582W WO 2009106014 A1 WO2009106014 A1 WO 2009106014A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
switch
transformer
bridge arm
switch tube
tube
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2009/070582
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赫德特·法兰克
武志贤
罗泠
尤勇
Original Assignee
力博特公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 力博特公司 filed Critical 力博特公司
Publication of WO2009106014A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009106014A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/23Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only arranged for operation in parallel
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/49Combination of the output voltage waveforms of a plurality of converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/38Auxiliary core members; Auxiliary coils or windings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F37/00Fixed inductances not covered by group H01F17/00

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a multi-state switch, and to a converter using the multi-state switch.
  • High-frequency switching power supplies are widely used in different applications. In many cases, it is necessary to change the power supply voltage from one voltage level to another; in the AC to DC conversion system, in addition to the required implementation.
  • the voltage conversion function also needs to meet the requirements of various standards for Power Factor (PF), Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI);
  • PF Power Factor
  • TDD Total Harmonics Distortion
  • EMI Electromagnetic Interference
  • UPS Un-interrupt Power Supply
  • High-power density and cost-effective products are what every customer expects. To achieve this goal, many engineers invest a lot of time and energy in researching solutions, which is still the goal of engineers.
  • the first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the above deficiencies and to propose a multi-state switch.
  • the converter using the multi-state switch has high power density and high cost performance.
  • the multi-state switch comprises a transformer and a switch group;
  • the transformer comprises at least three primary windings and at least three secondary windings, the same-name end of each secondary winding of the transformer and its adjacent secondary winding
  • the synonym ends are connected, and the same-name ends of the primary windings of the transformer are connected to each other;
  • the switch group includes a first bridge arm composed of a first switch tube (S1) and a fourth switch tube (S4), and is connected by a second a second bridge arm connected by the switch tube (S2) and the fifth switch tube (S5), a third bridge arm composed of a third switch tube (S3) and a sixth switch tube (S6), the first bridge The arm, the second bridge arm and the third bridge arm are connected in parallel, and the different name end of the first primary winding (A1) of the transformer is connected between the first switch tube (S1) and the fourth switch tube (S4), The different end of the second primary winding (B1) is connected between the second switching transistor (S2) and the fifth switching transistor (S
  • the transformer has four primary windings and four secondary windings
  • the switch group further includes a fourth bridge arm composed of a seventh switching tube (S7) and an eighth switching tube (S8).
  • the fourth bridge arm is connected in parallel with the first bridge arm, and the different end of the fourth primary winding (D1) is connected between the seventh switch tube (S7) and the eighth switch tube (S8).
  • the number of turns of each primary winding of the transformer is the same.
  • the converter provided by the present invention comprises a multi-state switch, an inductor (L), a first capacitor (Cl), and a second capacitor (C2);
  • the multi-state switch includes a transformer and a switch group, and the transformer includes at least three originals a side winding and at least three secondary windings, wherein the same-name end of each secondary winding of the transformer is connected to a different-name end of its adjacent secondary winding;
  • the switch group includes at least a first switching tube (S1) and a fourth a first bridge arm composed of a switch tube (S4), a second bridge arm composed of a second switch tube (S2) and a fifth switch tube (S5), a third switch tube (S3) and a sixth switch tube (S6) a third bridge arm connected in parallel, the first bridge arm, the second bridge arm and the third bridge arm are connected in parallel, and the different name end of the first primary winding (A1) of the transformer is connected to the first switch tube Between (S1) and the fourth switch tube (S4), the different
  • the converter provided by the invention comprises a multi-state switch, an inductor (L) and a capacitor (Co);
  • the multi-state switch comprises a transformer and a switch group, the transformer comprising at least three primary windings and at least three secondary windings The same-name end of each secondary winding of the transformer is connected to a different-name end of its adjacent secondary winding;
  • the switch group includes at least a first switch tube (S1) and a fourth switch (S4) connected a bridge arm, a second bridge arm composed of a second switch tube (S2) and a fifth switch tube (S5), and a third bridge composed of a third switch tube (S3) and a sixth switch tube (S6)
  • An arm, the first bridge arm, the second bridge arm and the third bridge arm are connected in parallel;
  • the different name end of the first primary winding (A1) of the transformer is connected to the first switch tube (S1) and the fourth switch tube ( S4)
  • the different end of the second primary winding (B1) is connected between the second switching transistor (
  • the converter provided by the invention comprises a multi-state switch, an inductor (L) and a capacitor (Co);
  • the multi-state switch comprises a transformer and a switch group, the transformer comprising at least three primary windings and at least three secondary windings The same-name end of each secondary winding of the transformer is connected to a different-name end of its adjacent secondary winding;
  • the switch group includes at least a first switch tube (S1) and a fourth switch tube (S4) a bridge arm, a second bridge arm composed of a second switch tube (S2) and a fifth switch tube (S5), and a third bridge composed of a third switch tube (S3) and a sixth switch tube (S6)
  • An arm, the first bridge arm, the second bridge arm and the third bridge arm are connected in parallel;
  • the different name end of the first primary winding (A1) of the transformer is connected to the first switch tube (S1) and the fourth switch tube ( S4)
  • the different end of the second primary winding (B1) is connected between the second switching transistor (
  • the converter provided by the present invention comprises a multi-state switch, an inductor (Lo), a capacitor (Co);
  • the multi-state switch comprises a transformer and a switch group, the transformer comprising at least three primary windings and at least three secondary windings The same-name end of each secondary winding of the transformer is connected to a different-name end of its adjacent secondary winding;
  • the switch group includes at least a first switch tube (S1) and a fourth switch tube (S4) a bridge arm, a second bridge arm composed of a second switch tube (S2) and a fifth switch tube (S5), and a third bridge composed of a third switch tube (S3) and a sixth switch tube (S6)
  • An arm, the first bridge arm, the second bridge arm and the third bridge arm are connected in parallel;
  • the different name end of the first primary winding (Apl) of the transformer is connected to the first switch tube (S1) and the fourth switch tube ( S4), the different end of the second primary winding (Ap2) is connected between the second
  • the converter provided by the invention comprises a first multi-state switch, a second multi-state switch, a third multi-state switch, a first inductance (La), a second inductance (Lb), a third inductance (Lc), a first capacitance (C1) and a second capacitor (C2);
  • the first multi-state switch, the second multi-state switch, and the third multi-state switch respectively comprise a transformer and a switch group, each transformer comprising at least three primary windings and at least three a secondary winding, the same-name end of each secondary winding of each transformer is connected to a different-name end of its adjacent secondary winding;
  • each switch group includes at least a first one composed of a first switching transistor and a fourth switching transistor a bridge arm, a second bridge arm composed of a second switch tube and a fifth switch tube, a third bridge arm composed of a third switch tube and a sixth switch tube, the first bridge arm and the second bridge arm And the third bridge arm is connected in parallel; the different name end of
  • the converter provided by the invention comprises a first multi-state switch, a second multi-state switch, a third multi-state switch, a first inductance (La), a second inductance (Lb), a third inductance (Lc), a first capacitance (Ca) and a second capacitor (Cb), a third capacitor (Cc);
  • the first multi-state switch, the second multi-state switch, and the third multi-state switch respectively comprise a transformer and a switch group, each of the transformers comprising at least three a primary winding and at least three secondary windings, wherein the same-name end of each secondary winding of each transformer is connected to a different-name end of its adjacent secondary winding;
  • each switch group includes at least a first switching tube and a fourth a first bridge arm composed of a switch tube connected, a second bridge arm composed of a second switch tube and a fifth switch tube, and a third bridge arm composed of a third switch tube and a sixth switch tube, the first The bridge arm, the second bridge
  • the second inductor (Lb) is connected between the same end of each primary winding of the transformer of the second polymorphic switch and the first end of the second capacitor (Cb), and the second end of the second capacitor (Cb) is grounded.
  • the third inductor (Lc) is connected between the same end of each primary winding of the transformer of the third multi-state switch and the first end of the third capacitor (Cc), and the second end of the third capacitor (Cc) Grounding, the first input power source (Vdcl) and the second input power source (Vdc2) are connected to each other and connected to each of the bridge arms, and the first input power source (Vdcl) negative pole and the second input power source (Vdc2) are positively grounded.
  • the converter provided by the invention comprises a multi-state switch, an inductor (Lo), a capacitor (Co), a first diode (D1), a second diode (D2), a seventh switch tube (S7) and an eighth a switch tube (S8);
  • the multi-state switch includes a transformer and a switch group, the transformer includes at least three primary windings and at least three secondary windings, and the same-named end of each secondary winding of the transformer and its adjacent pair The different ends of the side windings are connected;
  • the switch group includes at least a first bridge arm composed of a first switch tube (S21) and a fourth switch tube (S31), and a second switch tube (S22) and a fifth switch a second bridge arm composed of a tube (S32) connected, a third bridge arm composed of a third switch tube (S23) and a sixth switch tube (S33), the first bridge arm, the second bridge arm and the third The bridge arms are connected in parallel; the different end of the first primary winding
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention compared with the prior art is that the converter using the multi-state switch of the present invention can improve the characteristics of the circuit in many aspects, and the converter applying the multi-state switch does not require a special current sharing circuit because the transformer is vice The sides can flow naturally.
  • Reduce passive components such as capacitors (DC bus capacitors, The filter capacitor) and the inductance (filter inductor, buck-boost inductor) stress.
  • Reduce the size of passive components It can reduce the ripple of the inductor and capacitor, and reduce the conduction and switching loss of the switch tube (small switch tube can be used at the same power level).
  • Improve system dynamics Improve system performance, increase power factor (PF), and reduce total harmonic content (THD).
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGS. 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2f, 2g, and 2h are schematic views of a switch state according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG 3 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a eighth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural view of a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic structural view of a conventional converter for simulation experiments;
  • Figure 13 is a global schematic diagram of output voltage waveforms of respective circuits of the first group of simulation tests;
  • Figure 14 is a partial enlargement of output voltage waveforms of respective circuits of the first group of simulation tests;
  • Figure 15 is a waveform diagram of the output filter inductor current of each circuit of the first set of simulation tests;
  • Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the inductor ripple and period of the conventional converter of the first set of simulation tests;
  • Figure 17 is the first
  • FIG. 19 is a partial enlarged schematic view of the inductor current of each circuit of the first group of simulation tests;
  • FIG. 20 is a global schematic diagram of the output filter capacitor current waveform of each circuit of the first group of simulation tests.
  • 21 is a partial schematic view showing an output filter capacitor current waveform of each circuit of the first group of simulation tests;
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of current waveforms of DC power supplies of respective circuits of the first group of simulation tests;
  • FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of output phase voltage waveforms of respective circuits of the second group of simulation tests;
  • Figure 24 is a schematic diagram showing the inductor current waveforms of the respective circuits of the second group of simulation tests
  • FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram of a filter capacitor current waveform of each circuit of the second group of simulation tests;
  • FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram of current waveforms of a DC bus power supply of each circuit of the second group of simulation tests;
  • FIG. 27 is a structure of the transformer of the first embodiment schematic diagram.
  • the present invention proposes a multi-state switch that can be widely applied to a variety of circuits, the multi-state switch comprising a transformer and a switch block.
  • the transformer has N (N ⁇ 3) windings, and the switch group forms N bridge arms, thus forming a (N+1) state switch.
  • the different names of the primary windings of the transformer are respectively connected at the midpoints of the respective bridge arms, and the same-name ends of the primary windings of the transformer are commonly connected together, and the secondary windings of the transformer are short-circuited with each other.
  • the use of a switch tube to form a bridge arm allows current to flow in both directions, so it can be used in full-wave power factor correction and inverter circuits.
  • the four-state switch and the five-state switch are described in further detail below.
  • a four-state switch includes a transformer and a switch group, and the transformer includes three primary windings (a first primary winding A1, a second primary winding B1, and a third primary winding C1) and Three secondary windings (a first secondary winding A2, a second secondary winding B2, and a third secondary winding C2).
  • the same-name end of each secondary winding of the transformer is connected to the opposite end of the adjacent secondary winding, so that the secondary windings are short-circuited. That is: the first secondary winding A2 has the same name end connected to the second secondary winding B2, and the second secondary winding B2 has the same name end connected to the third secondary winding C2, and the third secondary winding C2 has the same name end.
  • the switch group includes a first bridge arm composed of a first switch tube S1 and a fourth switch tube S4 connected by a second switch tube S2 and a fifth switch tube S5.
  • the different end of the first primary winding A1 of the transformer is connected between the first switching transistor S1 and the fourth switching transistor S4, and the different end of the second primary winding B1 is connected to the second switching transistor S2 and the first Between the five switch tubes S5, the different end of the third primary winding C1 is connected between the third switch tube S3 and the sixth switch tube S6.
  • the four-state switch has four operating states, namely a first operating state shown in Figures 2a, 2b, and 2c, a second operating state shown in Figures 2d, 2e, and 2f, and a third operating state shown in Figure 2g.
  • FIG. 2a when the first switch S1 is closed, the second switch S2 is open, the third switch S3 is open, the fourth switch S4 is open, the fifth switch S5 is closed, and the sixth switch S6 is closed.
  • the four-state switch is in the first operating state.
  • FIG. 2a when the first switch S1 is closed, the second switch S2 is open, the third switch S3 is open, the fourth switch S4 is open, the fifth switch S5 is closed, and the sixth switch S6 is closed.
  • the four-state switch is in the first operating state.
  • FIG. 2a when the first switch S1 is closed, the second switch S2 is open, the third switch S3 is open, the fourth switch S4 is open, the fifth
  • the four-state switch is in the second operating state.
  • the second working state refers to: two upper tubes are turned on, and one lower tube is turned on.
  • FIG. 2g when the first switch S1 is disconnected, the second switch S2 is open, the third switch S3 is open, the fourth switch S4 is closed, the fifth switch S5 is closed, and the sixth switch S6 is closed.
  • the third working state refers to: three lower tubes are simultaneously turned on. As shown in FIG.
  • the fourth working state refers to: three upper tubes are simultaneously turned on.
  • the switch group in this embodiment further includes a fourth bridge arm composed of a seventh switch tube S7 and an eighth switch tube S8, and the fourth bridge arm is connected in parallel with the first bridge arm.
  • the different end of the fourth primary winding D1 is connected between the seventh switching transistor S7 and the eighth switching transistor S8.
  • the multi-state switch has a wide application range and can be used in a single-phase circuit or in a three-phase circuit. It can be used in both a rectifier and an inverter, and can be used for boosting.
  • the structure can also be used in the buck structure, and can be used in the full bridge topology or in the half bridge topology, and can be used in both small power converters and high power converters.
  • the converter composed of the above multi-state switch will be exemplified below. Converters that use multi-state switches do not require a dedicated circuit to achieve current sharing.
  • a converter includes a multi-state switch, an inductor L, a first capacitor C1, and a second capacitor C2.
  • the multi-state switch includes a transformer and a switch group, and the transformer includes at least three primary windings. And at least three secondary windings, wherein the same-name end of each secondary winding of the transformer is connected to a different-name end of its adjacent secondary winding;
  • the switch group includes at least a first switch S1 and a fourth switch S4 a first bridge arm, a second bridge arm composed of a second switch tube S2 and a fifth switch tube S5, and a third bridge arm composed of a third switch tube S3 and a sixth switch tube S6.
  • a bridge arm, a second bridge arm and a third bridge arm are connected in parallel, and the different name end of the first primary winding A1 of the transformer is connected between the first switch tube S1 and the fourth switch tube S4, the second primary side
  • the different end of the winding B1 is connected between the second switching tube S2 and the fifth switching tube S5, and the different end of the third primary winding C1 is connected between the third switching tube S3 and the sixth switching tube S6.
  • One end of the inductor L is connected to the input power source Vin, and the other end is connected with Dot end of each primary winding is connected to pressure, the first capacitor Cl, the second capacitor C2 is connected across one another in each bridge arm, said first capacitor C1 and second capacitor C2 is grounded midpoint.
  • the above converter is a Boost converter topology.
  • a converter includes a multi-state switch, an inductor L, and a capacitor Co.
  • the multi-state switch includes a transformer and a switch group, and the transformer includes at least three primary windings and at least three secondary sides. a winding, wherein the same-name end of each secondary winding of the transformer is connected to a different end of the adjacent secondary winding;
  • the switch group includes at least a first bridge composed of a first switching transistor S1 and a fourth switching transistor S4 a second bridge arm composed of a second switch tube S2 and a fifth switch tube S5 connected to each other, a third bridge arm composed of a third switch tube S3 and a sixth switch tube S6, the first bridge arm and the second bridge arm
  • the bridge arm and the third bridge arm are connected in parallel; the different end of the first primary winding A1 of the transformer is connected between the first switch tube S1 and the fourth switch tube S4, and the different name end of the second primary winding B1 Connected between the second switch S2 and the fifth switch S5, the different
  • a converter includes a multi-state switch, an inductor L, a capacitor Co
  • the multi-state switch includes a transformer and a switch group
  • the transformer includes at least three primary windings and at least three secondary windings The same-name end of each secondary winding of the transformer is connected to the different-name end of the adjacent secondary winding
  • the switch group includes at least a first bridge arm composed of a first switch tube S1 and a fourth switch tube S4, a second bridge arm composed of a second switch tube S2 and a fifth switch tube S5, a third bridge arm composed of a third switch tube S3 and a sixth switch tube S6, the first bridge arm and the second bridge
  • the arm and the third bridge arm are connected in parallel;
  • the different name end of the first primary winding A1 of the transformer is connected between the first switch tube S1 and the fourth switch tube S4, and the second end winding B1 is connected with a different name
  • the second switch S2 and the fifth switch S5 the different end of the third primary winding C1 is connected
  • a converter includes a multi-state switch, an inductance Lo, a capacitance Co
  • the multi-state switch includes a transformer and a switch group
  • the transformer includes at least three primary windings and at least three secondary windings The same-name end of each secondary winding of the transformer is connected to the different-name end of the adjacent secondary winding
  • the switch group includes at least a first bridge arm composed of a first switch tube S1 and a fourth switch tube S4, a second bridge arm composed of a second switch tube S2 and a fifth switch tube S5, a third bridge arm composed of a third switch tube S3 and a sixth switch tube S6, the first bridge arm and the second bridge
  • the arm and the third bridge arm are connected in parallel;
  • the different name end of the first primary winding Apl of the transformer is connected between the first switch tube S1 and the fourth switch tube S4, and the second end winding of the second primary winding Ap2 is connected Between the second switch S2 and the fifth switch S5, the different end of the third primary winding Ap3
  • a converter includes a first multi-state switch, a second multi-state switch, a third multi-state switch, a first inductor La, a second inductor Lb, a third inductor Lc, a first capacitor C1, and The second capacitor C2, the first multi-state switch, the second multi-state switch, and the third multi-state switch respectively comprise a transformer and a switch group, each transformer respectively comprising at least three primary windings and at least three secondary windings, each The same-name end of each secondary winding of the transformer is connected to the different-name end of the adjacent secondary winding; each switch group includes at least a first bridge arm composed of a first switch tube and a fourth switch tube, and a second a second bridge arm connected by the switch tube and the fifth switch tube, a third bridge arm composed of a third switch tube and a sixth switch tube, wherein the first bridge arm, the second bridge arm and the third bridge arm are connected in parallel The different end of the first primary winding of each transformer is connected between the first
  • the above converter is a three-phase rectifier topology.
  • a converter includes a first multi-state switch, a second multi-state switch, and a third State switch, first inductor La, second inductor Lb, third inductor Lc, first capacitor Ca and second capacitor Cb, third capacitor Cc, first multi-state switch, second multi-state switch, third multi-state switch
  • Each includes a transformer and a switch group, each of which includes at least three primary windings and at least three secondary windings, and the same-named end of each secondary winding of each transformer is connected to a different-name end of its adjacent secondary winding;
  • Each switch group includes at least a first bridge arm composed of a first switch tube and a fourth switch tube, a second bridge arm composed of a second switch tube and a fifth switch tube, and a third switch tube and a third switch tube a third bridge arm composed of six switch tubes connected, the first bridge arm, the second bridge arm and the third bridge arm being connected in parallel; the different name end of the first primary winding of each transformer is connected to the first switch tube and Between
  • a converter includes a multi-state switch, an inductor Lo, a capacitor Co, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a seventh switch S7, and an eighth switch S8,
  • the multi-state switch includes a transformer and a switch group, the transformer includes at least three primary windings and at least three secondary windings, and the same-name end of each secondary winding of the transformer is connected to a different-name end of its adjacent secondary winding;
  • the switch group includes a first bridge arm composed of a first switch tube S21 and a fourth switch tube S31, a second bridge arm composed of a second switch tube S22 and a fifth switch tube S32, and a third switch tube.
  • a third bridge arm formed by the connection of S23 and the sixth switch tube S33, wherein the first bridge arm, the second bridge arm and the third bridge arm are connected in parallel; the different end of the first primary winding A1 of the transformer is connected at the first Between the switch S21 and the fourth switch S31, the different end of the second primary winding B1 is connected between the second switch S22 and the fifth switch S32, and the third primary winding C1 is different.
  • the name is connected to the third switch S23 and the sixth Between the switch S33; the inductor Lo is connected between the same end of each primary winding of the transformer and the first end of the capacitor Co, the second end of the capacitor Co is grounded, the first diode D1, The two diodes D2 are connected to each other and then connected to the respective bridge arms. The anode of the first diode D1 and the cathode of the second diode D2 are grounded.
  • the seventh switch tube S7, the first input power source Va, the first The two input power sources Vb and the eighth switch tube S8 are connected to each other and then connected to the respective bridge arms. The first input power source Va negative electrode and the second input power source Vb are positively grounded.
  • the above converter is a three-level converter topology with midpoint clamp.
  • the following is a simulation of the conventional converter (three-phase inverter) shown in FIG. 11, the converter composed of the four-state switch shown in FIG. 9, and the converter composed of the five-state switch shown in FIG.
  • the simulated waveforms illustrate the advantages of the present invention.
  • the a waveform in the simulation waveform corresponds to the conventional converter shown in FIG. 11, and the b waveform in the simulation waveform corresponds to the converter composed of the four-state switch shown in FIG. 9, and the waveform c in the simulation waveform is as shown in FIG.
  • the illustrated converter consisting of a five-state switch corresponds.
  • the DC supply voltage of all simulation systems is 810V
  • the output line voltage of the sine wave inverter is 480V
  • the switching frequency is 5kHz
  • the control parameters of the controller are the same.
  • Figure 13 is a global diagram of the output voltage waveform of each circuit.
  • Fig. 14 is a partially enlarged schematic view showing the output voltage waveform of each circuit.
  • Figure 15 is a waveform diagram showing the output filter inductor current of each circuit.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic illustration of the inductive ripple and period of a conventional converter.
  • Figure 17 is a schematic illustration of the inductor ripple and period of a converter consisting of a four-state switch.
  • Figure 18 is a schematic illustration of the inductor ripple and period of a converter consisting of a five-state switch.
  • indicates the period of the inductor operation, and ⁇ indicates the ripple current of the inductor current.
  • Figure 19 is a partial enlarged view of the inductor current of the three circuits. The difference in inductor current ripple under different conditions can be clearly seen from Figure 19.
  • Figure 20 is a global schematic diagram of the output filter capacitor current waveform.
  • Figure 21 is a partial schematic diagram of the output filter capacitor current waveform.
  • Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the current waveform of a DC power supply for three circuits (which can represent the current of the DC bus capacitor).
  • Traditional converter consists of a four-state switch group from a five-state switch group Inverter output voltage [V] 277.15 277.09 277.14 Inductive charge and discharge cycle [ ⁇ ⁇ ] 200.0 66.7 50.0 Filtered inductor ripple [ ⁇ ] 2026.1 242.4 138.2 Filter capacitor current RMS [ ⁇ ] 830.45 722.82 722.13 Filter capacitor Current peak [ ⁇ ] 1995.1 1229.8 1214.9 Output voltage total harmonic [%] 0.67 0.11 0.08 DC power supply current value [ ⁇ ] 4573.3 3337.2 3051.8 It can be seen from the above simulation results that the output voltage of the three circuits under the same operating conditions The effective values are approximately equal, and the ripple of the output voltage, the ripple and capacitor current of the inductor current, and the current of the DC bus voltage are significantly reduced as the switching state increases. Therefore, if the current and voltage ripple on the inductor and capacitor are kept constant, the capacity of the filter inductor and capacitor can be significantly reduced.
  • Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of the output phase voltage waveform of each circuit.
  • Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of the inductor current waveforms of the three circuits.
  • Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of the filter capacitor current waveform of three circuits.
  • Figure 26 is a schematic diagram showing the current waveform of the DC bus power supply of the three circuits.
  • the inductance of a converter composed of a four-state switch is smaller than one-tenth of the inductance of a conventional converter, even if the THD of the converter composed of such a four-state switch is smaller than Traditional converter. It can be seen that the use of multi-state switches can improve circuit characteristics and reduce the size of passive components. It can be seen from Fig. 26 that the peak value of the current of the DC bus power supply is also very different in different converters. If a capacitor is used instead of the DC power source, the stress on the capacitor can be reduced.
  • the general inductor design process is as follows: Let the inductor value be L, the maximum current flowing through the inductor be Io, the window utilization rate of the core be Kw, the conductor current density be Jc, the maximum flux density be Bmax, and the area product required for the inductor. For the AP. According to the design principle of the inductor, it can be concluded:
  • AP is the product of the core window area and the core cross-sectional area. If the same core structure is used, that is, the same window area is used, the size of the inductor volume is proportional to the thickness of the core, that is, it is proportional to the inductance value. Relationship, which is why the converter using the multi-state switch of the present invention can significantly reduce the size of the inductor.
  • the invention is mainly directed to the topology, and the design of the transformer is not described in detail.
  • the design of the transformer is not described in detail.
  • the following points are emphasized: Take the three-winding transformer as an example.
  • the three windings of the primary side are connected in a star structure, and the windings on the secondary side are connected in a triangular structure, three magnetic
  • the cross-sectional area of the column is the same, and the corresponding primary and secondary sides are wound on the same magnetic column.
  • the coupling coefficient of the windings on the same magnetic column is 1, and the coupling coefficient of the windings on different magnetic columns is -0.5.
  • a converter using a multi-state switch does not require a dedicated current sharing circuit because the secondary side of the transformer can naturally flow.
  • the demand for high-power high-frequency switching tubes is increasing.
  • the cost of the power switching tubes accounts for a considerable portion.
  • the price of the power switching tubes increases.
  • a sharp rise has higher requirements for heat dissipation, and there are not many suppliers of such high-power switching devices, and fewer suppliers are also a reason for the high price.
  • the invention can largely solve the above mentioned problems.
  • the multi-state switch of the present invention can use the low-power switch tube to achieve the same effect, and a very effective result is Under the same switching frequency, the capacity and volume of the inductor and capacitor can be reduced by a certain multiple, which can greatly reduce the product cost.

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Description

一种多态开关及使用该多态开关的变换器
本申请要求于 2008 年 2 月 28 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 200810082435.X,发明名称为 "一种多态开关及使用该多态开关的变换器" 的 中国专利申请的优先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种多态开关, 本发明还涉及使用该多态开关的变换器。
背景技术
高频开关电源广泛应用于不同的场合 ,很多情况下都需要把电源电压从一 个电压等级变换到另一个需要的电压等级; 在交流到直流(AC/DC )的转换系 统中除了需要实现所要求的电压转换功能, 还需要满足各种标准对功率因数 ( Power Factor,简称 PF )、总 i皆波含量( Total Harmonics Distortion,简称 THD ) 和电磁干扰 ( Electromagnetic interfere, 简称 EMI ) 的要求; 在交流不间断电 源(Un-interrupt Power Supply, 简称 UPS ) 系统中, 系统所输出的交流电压也 需要满足不同标准的要求。 高功率密度高性价比的产品是每个客户所期望的, 为了实现这个目标很多工程师投入大量的时间和精力研究解决方案,至今仍旧 是工程师们追求的目标。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的第一个技术问题就是为了克服以上的不足,提出了一种 多态开关, 使用该多态开关的变换器具有高功率密度、 高性价比的特性。
本发明提供的多态开关, 包括变压器和开关组; 所述变压器包括至少三 个原边绕组和至少三个副边绕组,所述变压器各个副边绕组的同名端与其相邻 的副边绕组的异名端相连,所述变压器各个原边绕组的同名端相互连接; 所述 开关组包括由第一开关管 (S1 )和第四开关管 (S4 )相连组成的第一桥臂、 由第二开关管 (S2 )和第五开关管 (S5 )相连组成的第二桥臂、 由第三开关 管 (S3 )和第六开关管 (S6 )相连组成的第三桥臂, 所述第一桥臂、 第二桥 臂和第三桥臂并联, 所述变压器第一原边绕组(A1 ) 的异名端连接在第一开 关管 (S1 )和第四开关管 (S4 )之间, 所述第二原边绕组(B1 ) 的异名端连 接在第二开关管 (S2 )和第五开关管 (S5 )之间, 所述第三原边绕组(C1 ) 的异名端连接在第三开关管 (S3 )和第六开关管 (S6 )之间。 可选地, 所述变压器有四个原边绕组和四个副边绕组, 所述开关组还包 括由第七开关管 (S7)和第八开关管 (S8)相连组成的第四桥臂, 所述第四 桥臂与第一桥臂并联, 所述第四原边绕组(D1 ) 的异名端连接在第七开关管 (S7)和第八开关管 (S8)之间。
可选地, 所述变压器各个原边绕组的匝数相同。
本发明提供的变换器, 包括多态开关、 电感(L)、 第一电容(Cl)、 第二 电容(C2); 所述多态开关包括变压器和开关组, 所述变压器包括至少三个原 边绕组和至少三个副边绕组,所述变压器各个副边绕组的同名端与其相邻的副 边绕组的异名端相连; 所述开关组至少包括由第一开关管 (S1 )和第四开关 管 (S4)相连组成的第一桥臂、 由第二开关管 (S2)和第五开关管 (S5)相 连组成的第二桥臂、 由第三开关管 (S3)和第六开关管 (S6)相连组成的第 三桥臂, 所述第一桥臂、 第二桥臂和第三桥臂并联, 所述变压器第一原边绕组 (A1 ) 的异名端连接在第一开关管 (S1 )和第四开关管 (S4)之间, 所述第 二原边绕组(B1 ) 的异名端连接在第二开关管 (S2)和第五开关管 (S5)之 间, 所述第三原边绕组(B3) 的异名端连接在第三开关管 (S3)和第六开关 管(S6)之间; 所述电感(L)第一端与输入电源(Vin)相连, 所述电感(L) 第二端与变压器各个原边绕组的同名端相连, 所述第一电容(Cl)、 第二电容 ( C2 )相互连接后跨接在各个桥臂上, 所述第一电容( C1 )和第二电容( C2 ) 中点接地。
本发明提供的变换器, 包括多态开关、 电感(L)、 电容(Co); 所述多态 开关包括变压器和开关组,所述变压器包括至少三个原边绕组和至少三个副边 绕组, 所述变压器各个副边绕组的同名端与其相邻的副边绕组的异名端相连; 所述开关组至少包括由第一开关管 (S1 )和第四开关管 (S4)相连组成的第 一桥臂、 由第二开关管 (S2)和第五开关管 (S5)相连组成的第二桥臂、 由 第三开关管 (S3)和第六开关管 (S6)相连组成的第三桥臂, 所述第一桥臂、 第二桥臂和第三桥臂并联; 所述变压器第一原边绕组(A1 ) 的异名端连接在 第一开关管 (S1 )和第四开关管 (S4)之间, 所述第二原边绕组(B1 ) 的异 名端连接在第二开关管 (S2)和第五开关管 (S5)之间, 所述第三原边绕组 (B3) 的异名端连接在第三开关管 (S3)和第六开关管 (S6)之间; 所述输 入电源 (Vin)跨接在各个桥臂上, 所述电感 (L) 第一端与变压器各个原边 绕组的同名端相连, 所述电感(L)第二端与电容(Co)第一端相连, 所述电 容(Co)第二端与各桥臂的一端相连。
本发明提供的变换器, 包括多态开关、 电感(L)、 电容(Co); 所述多态 开关包括变压器和开关组,所述变压器包括至少三个原边绕组和至少三个副边 绕组, 所述变压器各个副边绕组的同名端与其相邻的副边绕组的异名端相连; 所述开关组至少包括由第一开关管 (S1)和第四开关管 (S4)相连组成的第 一桥臂、 由第二开关管 (S2)和第五开关管 (S5)相连组成的第二桥臂、 由 第三开关管 (S3)和第六开关管 (S6)相连组成的第三桥臂, 所述第一桥臂、 第二桥臂和第三桥臂并联; 所述变压器第一原边绕组(A1) 的异名端连接在 第一开关管 (S1)和第四开关管 (S4)之间, 所述第二原边绕组(B1) 的异 名端连接在第二开关管 (S2)和第五开关管 (S5)之间, 所述第三原边绕组 (B3) 的异名端连接在第三开关管 (S3)和第六开关管 (S6)之间; 所述电 感 (L) 第一端与变压器各个原边绕组的同名端相连, 所述电感 (L) 第二端 与电容(Co)的第一端和输入电源(Vin)的第一端分别相连, 所述电容(Co) 的第二端与各桥臂的第一端相连, 输入电源 (Vin) 的第二端与各桥臂的第二 端相连。
本发明提供的变换器, 包括多态开关、 电感 (Lo)、 电容(Co); 所述多 态开关包括变压器和开关组,所述变压器包括至少三个原边绕组和至少三个副 边绕组, 所述变压器各个副边绕组的同名端与其相邻的副边绕组的异名端相 连; 所述开关组至少包括由第一开关管 (S1)和第四开关管 (S4)相连组成 的第一桥臂、 由第二开关管 (S2)和第五开关管 (S5)相连组成的第二桥臂、 由第三开关管 (S3)和第六开关管 (S6)相连组成的第三桥臂, 所述第一桥 臂、 第二桥臂和第三桥臂并联; 所述变压器第一原边绕组(Apl)的异名端连 接在第一开关管 (S1)和第四开关管 (S4)之间, 所述第二原边绕组(Ap2) 的异名端连接在第二开关管 (S2)和第五开关管 (S5)之间, 所述第三原边 绕组(Ap3)的异名端连接在第三开关管(S3)和第六开关管(S6)之间; 所 述电感 (Lo) 第一端与变压器各个原边绕组的同名端相连, 电感 (Lo) 第二 端与电容(Co)第一端相连, 所述电容(Co)第二端接地, 第一输入电源(Va) 和第二输入电源(Vb )相互连接后跨接在各桥臂上, 所述第一输入电源(Va ) 负极和第二输入电源 (Vb )正极接地。
本发明提供的变换器, 包括第一多态开关、 第二多态开关、 第三多态开 关、 第一电感(La )、 第二电感(Lb )、 第三电感(Lc )、 第一电容(C1 )和第 二电容(C2 ); 第一多态开关、 第二多态开关、 第三多态开关分别包括变压器 和开关组,每个变压器分别包括至少三个原边绕组和至少三个副边绕组,每个 变压器的各副边绕组的同名端与其相邻的副边绕组的异名端相连;每个开关组 分别至少包括由第一开关管和第四开关管相连组成的第一桥臂、由第二开关管 和第五开关管相连组成的第二桥臂、由第三开关管和第六开关管相连组成的第 三桥臂, 所述第一桥臂、 第二桥臂和第三桥臂并联; 每个变压器的第一原边绕 组的异名端连接在第一开关管和第四开关管之间,每个变压器的第二原边绕组 的异名端连接在第二开关管和第五开关管之间,每个变压器的第三原边绕组的 异名端连接在第三开关管和第六开关管之间; 所述第一电感 (La )连接在第 一输入电源 (Va )和第一多态开关的变压器的各原边绕组的同名端之间, 所 述第二电感 (Lb )连接在第二输入电源 (Vb )和第二多态开关的变压器的各 原边绕组的同名端之间, 所述第三电感 (Lc )连接在第三输入电源 (Vc )和 第三多态开关的变压器的各原边绕组的同名端之间, 所述第一电容(Cl )、 第 二电容(C2 )相互连接后跨接在各个桥臂上, 所述第一电容(C1 )和第二电 容(C2 ) 中点接地。
本发明提供的变换器, 包括第一多态开关、 第二多态开关、 第三多态开 关、 第一电感(La )、 第二电感(Lb )、 第三电感(Lc )、 第一电容(Ca )和第 二电容(Cb )、 第三电容(Cc ); 第一多态开关、 第二多态开关、 第三多态开 关分别包括变压器和开关组,每个变压器分别包括至少三个原边绕组和至少三 个副边绕组,每个变压器的各副边绕组的同名端与其相邻的副边绕组的异名端 相连;每个开关组分别至少包括由第一开关管和第四开关管相连组成的第一桥 臂、 由第二开关管和第五开关管相连组成的第二桥臂、由第三开关管和第六开 关管相连组成的第三桥臂, 所述第一桥臂、 第二桥臂和第三桥臂并联; 每个变 压器的第一原边绕组的异名端连接在第一开关管和第四开关管之间,每个变压 器的第二原边绕组的异名端连接在第二开关管和第五开关管之间,每个变压器 的第三原边绕组的异名端连接在第三开关管和第六开关管之间;所述第一电感
(La)连接在第一多态开关的变压器的各原边绕组的同名端和第一电容(Ca) 的第一端之间, 所述第一电容(Ca) 的第二端接地, 所述第二电感 (Lb)连 接在第二多态开关的变压器的各原边绕组的同名端和第二电容(Cb) 第一端 之间, 所述第二电容(Cb) 的第二端接地, 所述第三电感 (Lc)连接在第三 多态开关的变压器的各原边绕组的同名端和第三电容(Cc) 第一端之间, 所 述第三电容(Cc)的第二端接地,第一输入电源(Vdcl )和第二输入电源(Vdc2) 相互连接后跨接在各个桥臂上, 所述第一输入电源 (Vdcl) 负极和第二输入 电源 (Vdc2)正极接地。
本发明提供的变换器, 包括多态开关、 电感 (Lo)、 电容(Co)、 第一二 极管 (Dl)、 第二二极管 (D2)、 第七开关管 (S7)和第八开关管 (S8); 所 述多态开关包括变压器和开关组,所述变压器包括至少三个原边绕组和至少三 个副边绕组,所述变压器各个副边绕组的同名端与其相邻的副边绕组的异名端 相连; 所述开关组至少包括由第一开关管 (S21)和第四开关管 (S31)相连 组成的第一桥臂、 由第二开关管 (S22)和第五开关管 (S32)相连组成的第 二桥臂、 由第三开关管 (S23)和第六开关管 (S33)相连组成的第三桥臂, 所述第一桥臂、 第二桥臂和第三桥臂并联; 所述变压器第一原边绕组(A1) 的异名端连接在第一开关管 (S21)和第四开关管 (S31)之间, 所述第二原 边绕组(B1)的异名端连接在第二开关管(S22)和第五开关管(S32)之间, 所述第三原边绕组 (B3 )的异名端连接在第三开关管(S23 )和第六开关管(S33 ) 之间; 所述电感 (Lo)连接在变压器的各原边绕组的同名端和电容(Co) 第 一端之间, 所述电容(Co)的第二端接地, 所述第一二极管(Dl)、 第二二极 管 (D2)相互连接后跨接在各个桥臂上, 所述第一二极管 (D1) 阳极和第二 二极管 (D2) 阴极接地, 所述第七开关管 (S7)、 第一输入电源 (Va)、 第二 输入电源(Vb)、 第八开关管(S8)相互连接后跨接在各个桥臂上, 所述第一 输入电源 (Va) 负极和第二输入电源 (Vb)正极接地。
本发明与现有技术对比的有益效果是:使用本发明的多态开关的变换器可 以在很多方面改善电路的特性, 应用多态开关的变换器不需要专门的均流电 路, 因为变压器的副边可以自然均流。 降低无源器件如电容(直流母线电容, 滤波电容)和电感 (滤波电感, 升降压电感) 的应力。 减小无源器件的尺寸。 可以减小电感、 电容的纹波, 减小开关管的导通和开关损耗(相同功率等级下 可以使用小开关管)。提高系统动态特性。提高系统性能,提高功率因数(PF )、 降低总谐波含量( THD )。
附图说明
图 1是本发明具体实施方式一的结构示意图;
图 2a、 2b、 2c、 2d、 2e、 2f、 2g、 2h是本发明具体实施方式一的开关状 态的示意图;
图 3是本发明具体实施方式二的结构示意图
图 4是本发明具体实施方式三的结构示意图
图 5是本发明具体实施方式四的结构示意图
图 6是本发明具体实施方式五的结构示意图
图 7是本发明具体实施方式六的结构示意图
图 8是本发明具体实施方式七的结构示意图
图 9是本发明具体实施方式八的结构示意图
图 10是本发明具体实施方式九的结构示意图;
图 11是用于仿真试验的传统变换器的结构示意图; 图 13是第一组仿真试验的各个电路的输出电压波形全局示意图; 图 14是第一组仿真试验的各个电路的输出电压波形局部放大示意图; 图 15是第一组仿真试验的各个电路的输出滤波电感电流的波形示意图; 图 16是第一组仿真试验的传统变换器的电感纹波和周期的示意图; 图 17是第一
示意图;
图 18是第一
示意图;
图 19是第一组仿真试验的各个电路的电感电流局部放大示意图; 图 20是第一组仿真试验的各个电路的输出滤波电容电流波形全局示意 图 21是第一组仿真试验的各个电路的输出滤波电容电流波形的局部示意 图;
图 22是第一组仿真试验的各个电路的直流电源的电流波形示意图; 图 23是第二组仿真试验的各个电路的输出相电压波形示意图;
图 24是第二组仿真试验的各个电路的电感电流波形示意图;
图 25是第二组仿真试验的各个电路的滤波电容电流波形示意图; 图 26是第二组仿真试验的各个电路的直流母线电源的电流波形示意图; 图 27是具体实施方式一中的变压器的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体的实施方式并结合附图对本发明做进一步详细说明。
本发明提出一种可以广泛应用于多种电路的多态开关, 所述多态开关包 括一个变压器和一个开关组。变压器有 N (N≥3)个绕组,开关组形成 N个桥臂, 这样就构成 (N+1)态开关。 变压器的各个原边绕组的异名端分别连接在各个桥 臂的中点, 变压器的各个原边绕组的同名端共同连接在一起,变压器的各个副 边绕组相互短接。用开关管组成桥臂可以使电流双向流动, 因此可以用在全波 功率因数校正和逆变器电路中。 下面对四态开关和五态开关做进一步详细说 明。
具体实施方式一
如图 1 所示, 一种四态开关, 包括变压器和开关组, 所述变压器包括三 个原边绕组(第一原边绕组 Al、 第二原边绕组 Bl、 第三原边绕组 C1 )和三 个副边绕组(第一副边绕组 A2、 第二副边绕组 B2、 第三副边绕组 C2 )。 所述 变压器各个副边绕组的同名端与其相邻的副边绕组的异名端相连,使副边绕组 间短接。 即: 第一副边绕组 A2同名端与第二副边绕组 B2异名端相连, 第二 副边绕组 B2同名端与第三副边绕组 C2异名端相连,第三副边绕组 C2同名端 与第一副边绕组 A2异名端相连。 变压器的副边短接, 使流过变压器副边各绕 组的电流相同, 从而折射到变压器三个原边绕组中的电流相等, 实现均流。 所 述变压器各个原边绕组的同名端相互连接,变压器的原边连成星形结构。所述 变压器各个原边绕组的匝数相同。 所述开关组包括由第一开关管 S1和第四开 关管 S4相连组成的第一桥臂、 由第二开关管 S2和第五开关管 S5相连组成的 第二桥臂、 由第三开关管 S3和第六开关管 S6相连组成的第三桥臂, 所述第 一桥臂、 第二桥臂和第三桥臂并联。 所述变压器第一原边绕组 A1的异名端连 接在第一开关管 S1和第四开关管 S4之间,所述第二原边绕组 B1的异名端连 接在第二开关管 S2和第五开关管 S5之间,所述第三原边绕组 C1的异名端连 接在第三开关管 S3和第六开关管 S6之间。
上述四态开关具有四种工作状态, 分别是图 2a、 2b、 2c所示的第一工作 状态, 图 2d、 2e、 2f 所示的第二工作状态, 图 2g所示的第三工作状态, 图 2h所示的第四工作状态。 如图 2a所示, 当第一开关管 S1闭合、 第二开关管 S2断开、 第三开关管 S3断开、 第四开关管 S4断开、 第五开关管 S5闭合、 第 六开关管 S6闭合时, 四态开关处于第一工作状态。 如图 2b所示, 当第一开 关管 S 1断开、 第二开关管 S2闭合、 第三开关管 S3断开、 第四开关管 S4闭 合、 第五开关管 S5断开、 第六开关管 S6闭合时, 四态开关处于第一工作状 态。 如图 2c所示, 当第一开关管 S 1断开、 第二开关管 S2断开、 第三开关管 S3闭合、 第四开关管 S4闭合、 第五开关管 S5闭合、 第六开关管 S6断开时, 四态开关处于第一工作状态。 所述第一工作状态是指: 一个上管导通、 两个下 管导通。 如图 2d所示, 当第一开关管 S1断开、 第二开关管 S2闭合、 第三开 关管 S3闭合、 第四开关管 S4闭合、 第五开关管 S5断开、 第六开关管 S6断 开时, 四态开关处于第二工作状态。 如图 2e所示, 当第一开关管 S1闭合、 第 二开关管 S2断开、 第三开关管 S3闭合、 第四开关管 S4断开、 第五开关管 S5 闭合、 第六开关管 S6断开时, 四态开关处于第二工作状态。 如图 2f所示, 当 第一开关管 S1闭合、 第二开关管 S2闭合、 第三开关管 S3断开、 第四开关管 S4断开、 第五开关管 S5断开、 第六开关管 S6闭合时, 四态开关处于第二工 作状态。 所述第二工作状态是指: 两个上管导通、 一个下管导通。 如图 2g所 示, 当第一开关管 S1断开、 第二开关管 S2断开、 第三开关管 S3断开、 第四 开关管 S4闭合、 第五开关管 S5闭合、 第六开关管 S6闭合时, 四态开关处于 第三工作状态。 所述第三工作状态是指: 三个下管同时导通。 如图 2h所示, 当第一开关管 S 1闭合、 第二开关管 S2闭合、 第三开关管 S3闭合、 第四开关 管 S4断开、 第五开关管 S5断开、 第六开关管 S6断开时, 四态开关处于第四 工作状态。 所述第四工作状态是指: 三个上管同时导通。 具体实施方式二
如图 3 所示, 本具体实施方式与具体实施方式一的不同之处在于: 本具 个。 本具体实施方式中的开关组还包括由第七开关管 S7和第八开关管 S8相 连组成的第四桥臂, 所述第四桥臂与第一桥臂并联。 所述第四原边绕组 D1的 异名端连接在第七开关管 S7和第八开关管 S8之间。
上述多态开关的应用范围很广, 既可以用在单相电路中、 也可以用在三 相电路中, 既可以用在整流器中、也可以用在逆变器中, 既可以用在升压结构 中、也可以用在降压结构中,既可以用在全桥拓朴中、也可以用在半桥拓朴中, 既可以用在小功率变换器、也可以用在大功率变换器。下面举例说明由上述多 态开关组成的变换器。 应用多态开关的变换器不需要专门的电路即可实现均 流。
具体实施方式三
如图 4所示, 一种变换器, 包括多态开关、 电感 L、 第一电容 Cl、 第二 电容 C2, 所述多态开关包括变压器和开关组, 所述变压器包括至少三个原边 绕组和至少三个副边绕组,所述变压器各个副边绕组的同名端与其相邻的副边 绕组的异名端相连; 所述开关组至少包括由第一开关管 S1 和第四开关管 S4 相连组成的第一桥臂、 由第二开关管 S2和第五开关管 S5相连组成的第二桥 臂、 由第三开关管 S3和第六开关管 S6相连组成的第三桥臂, 所述第一桥臂、 第二桥臂和第三桥臂并联, 所述变压器第一原边绕组 A1的异名端连接在第一 开关管 S1和第四开关管 S4之间,所述第二原边绕组 B1的异名端连接在第二 开关管 S2和第五开关管 S5之间,所述第三原边绕组 C1的异名端连接在第三 开关管 S3和第六开关管 S6之间, 所述电感 L一端与输入电源 Vin相连, 另 一端与变压器各个原边绕组的同名端相连, 所述第一电容 Cl、 第二电容 C2 相互连接后跨接在各个桥臂上, 所述第一电容 C1和第二电容 C2中点接地。 上述变换器为 Boost变换器拓朴。
具体实施方式四
如图 5所示, 一种变换器, 包括多态开关、 电感 L、 电容 Co, 所述多态 开关包括变压器和开关组,所述变压器包括至少三个原边绕组和至少三个副边 绕组, 所述变压器各个副边绕组的同名端与其相邻的副边绕组的异名端相连; 所述开关组至少包括由第一开关管 S1和第四开关管 S4相连组成的第一桥臂、 由第二开关管 S2和第五开关管 S5相连组成的第二桥臂、 由第三开关管 S3和 第六开关管 S6相连组成的第三桥臂, 所述第一桥臂、 第二桥臂和第三桥臂并 联; 所述变压器第一原边绕组 A1的异名端连接在第一开关管 S1和第四开关 管 S4之间,所述第二原边绕组 B1的异名端连接在第二开关管 S2和第五开关 管 S5之间,所述第三原边绕组 C1的异名端连接在第三开关管 S3和第六开关 管 S6之间; 所述输入电源 Vin跨接在各个桥臂上, 所述电感 L第一端与变压 器各个原边绕组的同名端相连, 第二端与电容 Co 的第一端相连, 所述电容 Co的第二端与桥臂的一端相连。 上述变换器为 Buck变换器拓朴。
具体实施方式五
如图 6所示, 一种变换器, 包括多态开关、 电感 L、 电容 Co, 所述多态 开关包括变压器和开关组,所述变压器包括至少三个原边绕组和至少三个副边 绕组, 所述变压器各个副边绕组的同名端与其相邻的副边绕组的异名端相连; 所述开关组至少包括由第一开关管 S1和第四开关管 S4相连组成的第一桥臂、 由第二开关管 S2和第五开关管 S5相连组成的第二桥臂、 由第三开关管 S3和 第六开关管 S6相连组成的第三桥臂, 所述第一桥臂、 第二桥臂和第三桥臂并 联; 所述变压器第一原边绕组 A1的异名端连接在第一开关管 S1和第四开关 管 S4之间,所述第二原边绕组 B1的异名端连接在第二开关管 S2和第五开关 管 S5之间,所述第三原边绕组 C1的异名端连接在第三开关管 S3和第六开关 管 S6之间; 所述电感 L第一端与变压器各个原边绕组的同名端相连, 电感 L 第二端与电容 Co的第一端和输入电源 Vin的第一端分别相连, 所述电容 Co 的第二端与桥臂的第一端相连, 输入电源 Vin的第二端与桥臂的第二端相连。 上述变换器为 Buck-Boost变换器拓朴。
具体实施方式六
如图 7所示, 一种变换器, 包括多态开关、 电感 Lo、 电容 Co, 所述多态 开关包括变压器和开关组,所述变压器包括至少三个原边绕组和至少三个副边 绕组, 所述变压器各个副边绕组的同名端与其相邻的副边绕组的异名端相连; 所述开关组至少包括由第一开关管 S1和第四开关管 S4相连组成的第一桥臂、 由第二开关管 S2和第五开关管 S5相连组成的第二桥臂、 由第三开关管 S3和 第六开关管 S6相连组成的第三桥臂, 所述第一桥臂、 第二桥臂和第三桥臂并 联;所述变压器第一原边绕组 Apl的异名端连接在第一开关管 S1和第四开关 管 S4之间 , 所述第二原边绕组 Ap2的异名端连接在第二开关管 S2和第五开 关管 S5之间, 所述第三原边绕组 Ap3的异名端连接在第三开关管 S3和第六 开关管 S6之间; 所述电感 Lo第一端与变压器各个原边绕组的同名端相连, 电感 Lo第二端与电容 Co第一端相连,所述电容 Co第二端接地, 第一输入电 源 Va和第二输入电源 Vb相互连接后跨接在各个桥臂上, 所述第一输入电源 Va负极和第二输入电源 Vb正极接地。 上述变换器为半桥逆变器拓朴。
具体实施方式七
如图 8 所示, 一种变换器, 包括第一多态开关、 第二多态开关、 第三多 态开关、 第一电感 La、 第二电感 Lb、 第三电感 Lc、 第一电容 C1和第二电容 C2, 第一多态开关、 第二多态开关、 第三多态开关分别包括变压器和开关组, 每个变压器分别包括至少三个原边绕组和至少三个副边绕组,每个变压器的各 副边绕组的同名端与其相邻的副边绕组的异名端相连;每个开关组分别至少包 括由第一开关管和第四开关管相连组成的第一桥臂、由第二开关管和第五开关 管相连组成的第二桥臂、 由第三开关管和第六开关管相连组成的第三桥臂,所 述第一桥臂、第二桥臂和第三桥臂并联;每个变压器的第一原边绕组的异名端 连接在第一开关管和第四开关管之间,每个变压器的第二原边绕组的异名端连 接在第二开关管和第五开关管之间,每个变压器的第三原边绕组的异名端连接 在第三开关管和第六开关管之间; 所述第一电感 La连接在第一输入电源 Va 和第一多态开关的变压器的各原边绕组的同名端之间 , 所述第二电感 Lb连接 在第二输入电源 Vb和第二多态开关的变压器的各原边绕组的同名端之间, 所 述第三电感 Lc连接在第三输入电源 Vc和第三多态开关的变压器的各原边绕 组的同名端之间, 所述第一电容 Cl、 第二电容 C2相互连接后跨接在各个桥 臂上, 所述第一电容 C1和第二电容 C2中点接地。 上述变换器为三相整流器 拓朴。
具体实施方式八
如图 9所示, 一种变换器, 包括第一多态开关、 第二多态开关、 第三多 态开关、 第一电感 La、 第二电感 Lb、 第三电感 Lc、 第一电容 Ca和第二电容 Cb、 第三电容 Cc, 第一多态开关、 第二多态开关、 第三多态开关分别包括变 压器和开关组, 每个变压器分别包括至少三个原边绕组和至少三个副边绕组, 每个变压器的各副边绕组的同名端与其相邻的副边绕组的异名端相连;每个开 关组分别至少包括由第一开关管和第四开关管相连组成的第一桥臂、由第二开 关管和第五开关管相连组成的第二桥臂、由第三开关管和第六开关管相连组成 的第三桥臂, 所述第一桥臂、 第二桥臂和第三桥臂并联; 每个变压器的第一原 边绕组的异名端连接在第一开关管和第四开关管之间,每个变压器的第二原边 绕组的异名端连接在第二开关管和第五开关管之间,每个变压器的第三原边绕 组的异名端连接在第三开关管和第六开关管之间; 所述第一电感 La连接在第 一多态开关的变压器的各原边绕组的同名端和第一电容 Ca的第一端之间, 所 述第一电容 Ca的第二端接地, 所述第二电感 Lb连接在第二多态开关的变压 器的各原边绕组的同名端和第二电容 Cb第一端之间 , 所述第二电容 Cb的第 二端接地, 所述第三电感 Lc连接在第三多态开关的变压器的各原边绕组的同 名端和第三电容 Cc第一端之间, 所述第三电容 Cc的第二端接地, 第一输入 电源 Vdcl和第二输入电源 Vdc2相互连接后跨接在各个桥臂上, 所述第一输 入电源 Vdcl负极和第二输入电源 Vdc2正极接地。 上述变换器为三相逆变器 拓朴。
具体实施方式九
如图 10所示, 一种变换器, 包括多态开关、 电感 Lo、 电容 Co、 第一二 极管 Dl、 第二二极管 D2、 第七开关管 S7和第八开关管 S8, 所述多态开关包 括变压器和开关组, 所述变压器包括至少三个原边绕组和至少三个副边绕组, 所述变压器各个副边绕组的同名端与其相邻的副边绕组的异名端相连;所述开 关组包括由第一开关管 S21和第四开关管 S31相连组成的第一桥臂、 由第二 开关管 S22和第五开关管 S32相连组成的第二桥臂、 由第三开关管 S23和第 六开关管 S33相连组成的第三桥臂, 所述第一桥臂、 第二桥臂和第三桥臂并 联;所述变压器第一原边绕组 A1的异名端连接在第一开关管 S21和第四开关 管 S31之间,所述第二原边绕组 B1的异名端连接在第二开关管 S22和第五开 关管 S32之间 ,所述第三原边绕组 C1的异名端连接在第三开关管 S23和第六 开关管 S33之间; 所述电感 Lo连接在变压器的各原边绕组的同名端和电容 Co第一端之间, 所述电容 Co的第二端接地, 所述第一二极管 Dl、 第二二极 管 D2相互连接后跨接在各个桥臂上, 所述第一二极管 D1阳极和第二二极管 D2阴极接地, 所述第七开关管 S7、 第一输入电源 Va、 第二输入电源 Vb、 第 八开关管 S8相互连接后跨接在各个桥臂上, 所述第一输入电源 Va负极和第 二输入电源 Vb正极接地。 上述变换器为带中点箝位的三电平变换器拓朴。
下面对图 11所示的传统变换器(三相逆变器)、 图 9所示的由四态开关组 成的变换器和图 12所示的由五态开关组成的变换器进行仿真, 用仿真波形对 本发明的优点进行说明。 仿真波形中的 a波形与图 11所示的传统变换器相对 应,仿真波形中的 b波形与图 9所示的由四态开关组成的变换器相对应,仿真 波形中的 c波形与图 12所示的由五态开关组成的变换器相对应。 为了清晰的 说明本发明的优点, 我们分别对两组电路参数进行仿真。 ①三个电路用完全 相同的参数, ②三个电路用不同的电感值以保持近似相等的电感电流纹波, 其余参数保持不变。 所有仿真系统的直流电源电压都是 810V, 正弦波逆变器 的输出线电压为 480V, 开关频率为 5kHz, 控制器的控制参数相同。
当三个电路用完全相同的参数时, 仿真结果如下: 图 13是各个电路的输 出电压波形全局示意图。 图 14是各个电路的输出电压波形局部放大示意图。 图 15是各个电路的输出滤波电感电流的波形示意图。图 16是传统变换器的电 感纹波和周期的示意图。 图 17是由四态开关组成的变换器的电感纹波和周期 的示意图。 图 18是由五态开关组成的变换器的电感纹波和周期的示意图。 在 图 16-18中, ΔΧ表示电感工作的周期, ΔΥ表示电感电流的纹波大小,通过比 较可以看出随着多态开关桥臂的增加,电感的工作频率增加,电流纹波减小。 图 19是三个电路的电感电流局部放大示意图。从图 19中可以明显地看出不同情 况下的电感电流纹波的差异。 图 20是输出滤波电容电流波形全局示意图。 图 21是输出滤波电容电流波形的局部示意图。 图 22是三个电路的直流电源的电 流波形示意图 (可以代表直流母线电容的电流)。
在各种情况下电路的仿真结果比较如表一所示。
表一:
传统变换器 由四态开关组 由五态开关组 成的变换器 成的变换器 输出电压 [V] 277.15 277.09 277.14 电感充放电周期 [μδ] 200.0 66.7 50.0 滤波电感纹波 [Α] 2026.1 242.4 138.2 滤波电容电流有效值 [Α] 830.45 722.82 722.13 滤波电容电流峰值 [Α] 1995.1 1229.8 1214.9 输出电压总谐波 [%] 0.67 0.11 0.08 直流电源电流 值 [Α] 4573.3 3337.2 3051.8 由上面的仿真结果可以看出, 在相同的工况下三个电路的输出电压的有 效值近似相等,输出电压的纹波、电感电流的纹波和电容电流以及直流母线电 压的电流随着开关状态的增加而显著减小。因此如果要保持电感和电容上的电 流和电压纹波不变可以明显减小滤波电感和电容的容量。
当三个电路分别用不同的电感值以保持近似相等的电感电流纹波, 其余 参数保持不变时, 仿真结果如下: 图 23是各电路的输出相电压波形示意图。 图 24是三个电路的电感电流波形示意图。图 25是三个电路的滤波电容电流波 形示意图。 图 26是三个电路的直流母线电源的电流波形示意图。
在各种情况下电路的仿真结果比较如表二所示。
表二
Figure imgf000016_0001
从比较结果可以看出如果想保持相同的电感电流纹波所需要的电感值在 不同的电路中有很大的变化。由四态开关组成的变换器中电感值比传统变换器 的电感值的十一分之一还小, 即使这样四态开关组成的变换器的 THD也小于 传统变换器。 由此可以看出用多态开关可以提高电路特性,减小无源器件的尺 寸。 由图 26可以看出直流母线电源的电流的峰值在不同的变换器中也有很大 差异, 如果用电容代替直流电源即可减小电容上的应力。
通常的电感设计过程如下: 设电感值为 L、 流过电感的最大电流为 Io、磁 芯的窗口利用率为 Kw、 导线电流密度为 Jc、 最大磁通密度为 Bmax、 电感所 需要的面积乘积为 AP。 根据电感的设计原理可以得出:
L*Io 2
A =
Kw *β max* Jc
_ Io 2
令 Kw *B max* Jc 可以得出 AP = K * L
AP是磁芯窗口面积和磁芯截面积的乘积, 如果选用相同的磁芯结构即用 相同的窗口面积,则电感体积的大小与磁芯的厚度成正比, 亦即与电感值成一 定的正比例关系,这就是为什么使用本发明的多态开关的变换器可以明显减小 电感尺寸的原因。
本发明主要针对拓朴, 对于变压器的设计不做伴细说明。 此处只强调如 下几点: 以三绕组变压器为例, 如图 27所示的变压器的物理结构, 原边的三 个绕组联结成星形结构, 副边的绕组联结成三角形结构,三个磁柱的截面积相 同,相对应的原副边绕制在同一个磁柱上,相同磁柱上的绕组的耦合系数为 1, 不同磁柱上的绕组的耦合系数为 -0.5。
上述使用多态开关的变换器的优点有:
( 1 )应用多态开关的变换器不需要专门的均流电路, 因为变压器的副边 可以自然均流。
( 2 ) 降低无源器件如电容(直流母线电容, 滤波电容)和电感 (滤波电 感, 升降压电感) 的应力
( 3 )减小无源器件的尺寸
( 4 )减小开关管的导通和开关损耗(相同功率等级下可以使用小开关管) ( 5 )提高系统动态特性 ( 6 )提高系统性能, 提高功率因数(PF )、 降低总谐波含量(THD ) 在大功率电路中使用本发明的多态开关的优势更为明显。 随着现代科技 的快速发展,对大功率开关电源的需求越来越广, 兆伏安级的电源需求和生产 已提上日程。 如银行数据中心的供电电源, 大型服务器的不间断电源, 电话、 网络通讯所需要的供电电源等都要求供电系统的功率等级高,功率密度大,为 了满足市场的需求已经有兆伏安功率等级的电源问世。
在这种情况下对大功率的高频开关管的需求也越来越多, 在高频开关电 源中功率开关管的成本占了相当大的部分,随着功率等级的增加功率开关管的 价格大幅上升,对散热的要求也就更高, 同时能够提供如此高功率的开关器件 的供应商不是很多,可供选择的供应商少也是价格高的一个原因。本发明可以 很大程度上解决上面提到的问题,在相同的功率等级情况下,应用本发明的多 态开关可以选用小功率的开关管实现相同的效果,还有一个非常有效的结果是 在同样的开关频率的条件下, 电感、 电容的容量和体积可以减小一定倍数, 这 样可以大幅降低产品成本。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明, 不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普 通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干简单推演或 替换, 都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种多态开关, 其特征在于: 包括变压器和开关组;
所述变压器包括至少三个原边绕组和至少三个副边绕组, 所述变压器各 个副边绕组的同名端与其相邻的副边绕组的异名端相连,所述变压器各个原边 绕组的同名端相互连接;
所述开关组包括由第一开关管 (S1 )和第四开关管 (S4)相连组成的第 一桥臂、 由第二开关管 (S2)和第五开关管 (S5)相连组成的第二桥臂、 由 第三开关管 (S3)和第六开关管 (S6)相连组成的第三桥臂, 所述第一桥臂、 第二桥臂和第三桥臂并联, 所述变压器第一原边绕组(A1 ) 的异名端连接在 第一开关管 (S1 )和第四开关管 (S4)之间, 所述第二原边绕组(B1 ) 的异 名端连接在第二开关管 (S2)和第五开关管 (S5)之间, 所述第三原边绕组 (C1 ) 的异名端连接在第三开关管 (S3)和第六开关管 (S6)之间。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的多态开关, 其特征在于: 所述变压器有四个原 边绕组和四个副边绕组, 所述开关组还包括由第七开关管 (S7)和第八开关 管 (S8)相连组成的第四桥臂, 所述第四桥臂与第一桥臂并联, 所述第四原 边绕组(D1 ) 的异名端连接在第七开关管 (S7)和第八开关管 (S8)之间。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的多态开关, 其特征在于: 所述变压器各个 原边绕组的匝数相同。
4、一种变换器,其特征在于: 包括多态开关、 电感(L)、第一电容(Cl)、 第二电容(C2);
所述多态开关包括变压器和开关组, 所述变压器包括至少三个原边绕组 和至少三个副边绕组,所述变压器各个副边绕组的同名端与其相邻的副边绕组 的异名端相连;
所述开关组至少包括由第一开关管 (S1 )和第四开关管 (S4)相连组成 的第一桥臂、 由第二开关管 (S2)和第五开关管 (S5)相连组成的第二桥臂、 由第三开关管 (S3)和第六开关管 (S6)相连组成的第三桥臂, 所述第一桥 臂、 第二桥臂和第三桥臂并联, 所述变压器第一原边绕组(A1 ) 的异名端连 接在第一开关管 (S1 )和第四开关管 (S4)之间, 所述第二原边绕组(B1 ) 的异名端连接在第二开关管 (S2)和第五开关管 (S5)之间, 所述第三原边 绕组(B3) 的异名端连接在第三开关管 (S3)和第六开关管 (S6)之间; 所述电感(L)第一端与输入电源 (Vin)相连, 所述电感(L)第二端与 变压器各个原边绕组的同名端相连, 所述第一电容(Cl)、 第二电容(C2)相 互连接后跨接在各个桥臂上, 所述第一电容(C1)和第二电容(C2) 中点接 地。
5、 一种变换器, 其特征在于: 包括多态开关、 电感 (L)、 电容(Co); 所述多态开关包括变压器和开关组, 所述变压器包括至少三个原边绕组 和至少三个副边绕组,所述变压器各个副边绕组的同名端与其相邻的副边绕组 的异名端相连;
所述开关组至少包括由第一开关管 (S1)和第四开关管 (S4)相连组成 的第一桥臂、 由第二开关管 (S2)和第五开关管 (S5)相连组成的第二桥臂、 由第三开关管 (S3)和第六开关管 (S6)相连组成的第三桥臂, 所述第一桥 臂、 第二桥臂和第三桥臂并联; 所述变压器第一原边绕组(A1) 的异名端连 接在第一开关管 (S1)和第四开关管 (S4)之间, 所述第二原边绕组(B1) 的异名端连接在第二开关管 (S2)和第五开关管 (S5)之间, 所述第三原边 绕组(B3) 的异名端连接在第三开关管 (S3)和第六开关管 (S6)之间; 所述输入电源 (Vin)跨接在各个桥臂上, 所述电感 (L) 第一端与变压 器各个原边绕组的同名端相连, 所述电感(L)第二端与电容(Co)第一端相 连, 所述电容(Co) 第二端与各桥臂的一端相连。
6、 一种变换器, 其特征在于: 包括多态开关、 电感 (L)、 电容(Co); 所述多态开关包括变压器和开关组, 所述变压器包括至少三个原边绕组 和至少三个副边绕组,所述变压器各个副边绕组的同名端与其相邻的副边绕组 的异名端相连;
所述开关组至少包括由第一开关管 (S1)和第四开关管 (S4)相连组成 的第一桥臂、 由第二开关管 (S2)和第五开关管 (S5)相连组成的第二桥臂、 由第三开关管 (S3)和第六开关管 (S6)相连组成的第三桥臂, 所述第一桥 臂、 第二桥臂和第三桥臂并联; 所述变压器第一原边绕组(A1) 的异名端连 接在第一开关管 (S1)和第四开关管 (S4)之间, 所述第二原边绕组(B1) 的异名端连接在第二开关管 (S2)和第五开关管 (S5)之间, 所述第三原边 绕组(B3) 的异名端连接在第三开关管 (S3)和第六开关管 (S6)之间; 所述电感( L )第一端与变压器各个原边绕组的同名端相连,所述电感( L ) 第二端与电容(Co) 的第一端和输入电源 (Vin) 的第一端分别相连, 所述电 容(Co) 的第二端与各桥臂的第一端相连, 输入电源 (Vin) 的第二端与各桥 臂的第二端相连。
7、 一种变换器, 其特征在于: 包括多态开关、 电感 (Lo)、 电容(Co); 所述多态开关包括变压器和开关组, 所述变压器包括至少三个原边绕组 和至少三个副边绕组,所述变压器各个副边绕组的同名端与其相邻的副边绕组 的异名端相连;
所述开关组至少包括由第一开关管 (S1)和第四开关管 (S4)相连组成 的第一桥臂、 由第二开关管 (S2)和第五开关管 (S5)相连组成的第二桥臂、 由第三开关管 (S3)和第六开关管 (S6)相连组成的第三桥臂, 所述第一桥 臂、 第二桥臂和第三桥臂并联; 所述变压器第一原边绕组(Apl)的异名端连 接在第一开关管 (S1)和第四开关管 (S4)之间, 所述第二原边绕组(Ap2) 的异名端连接在第二开关管 (S2)和第五开关管 (S5)之间, 所述第三原边 绕组(Ap3) 的异名端连接在第三开关管 (S3)和第六开关管 (S6)之间; 所述电感(Lo)第一端与变压器各个原边绕组的同名端相连, 电感(Lo) 第二端与电容(Co) 第一端相连, 所述电容(Co) 第二端接地, 第一输入电 源 (Va)和第二输入电源 (Vb)相互连接后跨接在各桥臂上, 所述第一输入 电源 (Va) 负极和第二输入电源 (Vb)正极接地。
8、 一种变换器, 其特征在于: 包括第一多态开关、 第二多态开关、 第三 多态开关、 第一电感(La)、 第二电感(Lb)、 第三电感(Lc)、 第一电容(C1 ) 和第二电容(C2);
第一多态开关、 第二多态开关、 第三多态开关分别包括变压器和开关组, 每个变压器分别包括至少三个原边绕组和至少三个副边绕组,每个变压器的各 副边绕组的同名端与其相邻的副边绕组的异名端相连;
每个开关组分别至少包括由第一开关管和第四开关管相连组成的第一桥 臂、由第二开关管和第五开关管相连组成的第二桥臂、由第三开关管和第六开 关管相连组成的第三桥臂, 所述第一桥臂、 第二桥臂和第三桥臂并联; 每个变 压器的第一原边绕组的异名端连接在第一开关管和第四开关管之间,每个变压 器的第二原边绕组的异名端连接在第二开关管和第五开关管之间,每个变压器 的第三原边绕组的异名端连接在第三开关管和第六开关管之间;
所述第一电感 (La)连接在第一输入电源 (Va)和第一多态开关的变压 器的各原边绕组的同名端之间,所述第二电感(Lb)连接在第二输入电源(Vb) 和第二多态开关的变压器的各原边绕组的同名端之间, 所述第三电感 (Lc) 连接在第三输入电源 (Vc)和第三多态开关的变压器的各原边绕组的同名端 之间, 所述第一电容(Cl)、 第二电容(C2)相互连接后跨接在各个桥臂上, 所述第一电容(C1)和第二电容(C2) 中点接地。
9、 一种变换器, 其特征在于: 包括第一多态开关、 第二多态开关、 第三 多态开关、 第一电感(La)、 第二电感(Lb )、 第三电感(Lc)、 第一电容(Ca) 和第二电容(Cb)、 第三电容(Cc);
第一多态开关、 第二多态开关、 第三多态开关分别包括变压器和开关组, 每个变压器分别包括至少三个原边绕组和至少三个副边绕组,每个变压器的各 副边绕组的同名端与其相邻的副边绕组的异名端相连;
每个开关组分别至少包括由第一开关管和第四开关管相连组成的第一桥 臂、由第二开关管和第五开关管相连组成的第二桥臂、由第三开关管和第六开 关管相连组成的第三桥臂, 所述第一桥臂、 第二桥臂和第三桥臂并联; 每个变 压器的第一原边绕组的异名端连接在第一开关管和第四开关管之间,每个变压 器的第二原边绕组的异名端连接在第二开关管和第五开关管之间,每个变压器 的第三原边绕组的异名端连接在第三开关管和第六开关管之间;
所述第一电感 (La)连接在第一多态开关的变压器的各原边绕组的同名 端和第一电容(Ca) 的第一端之间, 所述第一电容(Ca) 的第二端接地, 所 述第二电感 (Lb)连接在第二多态开关的变压器的各原边绕组的同名端和第 二电容(Cb) 第一端之间, 所述第二电容(Cb) 的第二端接地, 所述第三电 感(Lc)连接在第三多态开关的变压器的各原边绕组的同名端和第三电容(Cc) 第一端之间, 所述第三电容(Cc) 的第二端接地, 第一输入电源 (Vdcl)和 第二输入电源 (Vdc2)相互连接后跨接在各个桥臂上, 所述第一输入电源 (Vdcl) 负极和第二输入电源 (Vdc2)正极接地。
10、 一种变换器, 其特征在于: 包括多态开关、 电感(Lo)、 电容(Co)、 第一二极管(Dl)、 第二二极管(D2)、 第七开关管(S7)和第八开关管(S8); 所述多态开关包括变压器和开关组, 所述变压器包括至少三个原边绕组 和至少三个副边绕组,所述变压器各个副边绕组的同名端与其相邻的副边绕组 的异名端相连;
所述开关组至少包括由第一开关管 (S21)和第四开关管 (S31)相连组 成的第一桥臂、 由第二开关管 (S22)和第五开关管 (S32)相连组成的第二 桥臂、 由第三开关管 (S23)和第六开关管 (S33)相连组成的第三桥臂, 所 述第一桥臂、 第二桥臂和第三桥臂并联; 所述变压器第一原边绕组(A1) 的 异名端连接在第一开关管 (S21)和第四开关管 (S31)之间, 所述第二原边 绕组(B1) 的异名端连接在第二开关管 (S22)和第五开关管 (S32)之间, 所述第三原边绕组 (B3 )的异名端连接在第三开关管( S23 )和第六开关管( S33 ) 之间;
所述电感 (Lo)连接在变压器的各原边绕组的同名端和电容(Co) 第一 端之间, 所述电容(Co)的第二端接地, 所述第一二极管(Dl)、 第二二极管 (D2)相互连接后跨接在各个桥臂上, 所述第一二极管 (D1) 阳极和第二二 极管 (D2) 阴极接地, 所述第七开关管 (S7)、 第一输入电源 (Va)、 第二输 入电源 (Vb)、 第八开关管(S8)相互连接后跨接在各个桥臂上, 所述第一输 入电源 (Va) 负极和第二输入电源 (Vb)正极接地。
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