WO2009100720A2

WO2009100720A2 - Device for limiting torque in a drivetrain

Info

Publication number: WO2009100720A2
Application number: PCT/DE2009/000209
Authority: WO
Inventors: Andre Marcic
Original assignee: Innovative Windpower Ag
Priority date: 2008-02-14
Filing date: 2009-02-16
Publication date: 2009-08-20
Also published as: WO2009100720A3; DE102008009351A1; DE112009000872A5

Abstract

The invention relates to a bearing device for supporting at least one rotor in a generator of a wind power plant, wherein the wind power plant has at least one rotor having at least one rotor blade and a drivetrain comprising the generator and a transmission, wherein the generator comprises at least one stator, wherein the transmission comprises an output drive shaft and at least one field rotor is driven by the output shaft of the transmission and the output shaft of the transmission forms a connection to the field rotor, wherein particularly the field rotor induces a voltage in the generator when rotating, wherein the bearing device comprises the output shaft, the field rotor, and the connection, and the connection is designed to limit torque, and that the field rotor is supported relative to the stator by the connection and/or on the output shaft.

Description

Device for torque limitation in a drive train

[01] The invention relates to a bearing device for supporting at least one rotor in a generator of a wind power plant, wherein the wind turbine has at least one rotor with at least one rotor blade and a drive train comprising the generator and a transmission, wherein the generator has at least one stator. wherein the transmission has a driven shaft and at least one rotor is driven by the output shaft of the transmission and the output shaft of the transmission forms a connection with the rotor, the rotor inducing a voltage in the generator during rotation.

For modern wind turbines (wind turbine is synonymous), it is particularly important for reasons of economy particularly important to have a low-wear and at the same service-friendly structure. This applies in particular to the main components of a wind power plant, such as gearbox and generator, since they can be repaired or replaced only at great expense and labor.

[03] A major reason for the occurrence of increased wear on generators is their application to speeds or torques that exceed the permissible speed or torque. Such overloads or, for example, the introduction of contaminants into the radial bearing (s) of a generator lead to an accelerated wear of these components and entail time-consuming and cost-intensive maintenance measures. Also mechanical loads of the rotor blades can act on the generator through the drive train.

In DE 103 05 244 an overload clutch for working machines, in particular for wind turbines, described with a drive pulley, wherein the drive pulley is connected to a drive shaft of the working machine. The drive pulley is zan genförmig enclosed frictionally clamped between two friction plates, wherein the friction plates are connected to a drive shaft of the drive machine.

[05] The exemplary embodiment cited in DE 103 05 244 describes an arrangement in which a drive machine, dib in this context is generally designed as a rotor of the wind turbine with a connected hollow shaft of larger diameter, is friction-frictionally connected to a drive disk via two friction disks. The Antriebsscheü!> E is in turn connected to the drive shaft of a working machine, usually a generator.

Characteristic of the disclosed device are provided expansion bolts that absorb any tilting moments of the drive shaft and thus allow the storage of the drive shaft of the machine with only a radial bearing.

[07] WO 2007/111425 A1 discloses a wind turbine in which the main shaft of the wind power rotor is directly connected to the rotor of the generator. Inhomogeneous loads on the rotor blades are transferred directly into a delocalization of the generator rotor. This leads to the fact that the gap between the generator rotor and generator stator has to be larger. This can lead to worse results in the energy yield.

[08] In DE 94 03 850 Ul a general embodiment of a geared wind turbine is disclosed.

[09] US 5 140 856 A discloses a compensating device for slow-rotating devices such as wind power rotors.

Furthermore, DE 103 05 244 A1 discloses an overload clutch for working machines, in particular for generator rotors of wind turbines. [11] US 3 998 563 A also discloses overload clutches for shafts.

DE 199 19 040 C2 discloses a synchronous machine with salient pole rotor and an asynchronous machine, both for wind turbines.

[13] The object of the present invention is to improve the state of the art.

The problem is solved by a storage device for supporting at least one rotor in a generator of a wind turbine, wherein the wind turbine has at least one (wind turbine) rotor with at least one rotor blade and a drive train comprising the generator and a gear, the generator we at least one stator, wherein the transmission has a driven shaft and at least one rotor is driven by the output shaft of the transmission and the output shaft of the transmission forms a connection with the rotor, wherein in particular the rotor induces a voltage during rotation in the generator, wherein the bearing device comprises the driven shaft, the rotor and the connection and the connection is made torque-limited and that the bearing of the rotor with respect to the stator takes place through the connection and / or on the driven shaft.

As a result, the alternator rotor diameter and thus the moments on the generator rotor can advantageously be minimized since the transmission increases the rotational speeds of the wind turbine rotor on the output side. In particular, the transmission may be designed so that the output shaft comprises a speed of between 100 rpm to 1200 rpm and most preferably 200 rpm to 400 rpm.

Thus, the proposed device can be used in particular for midsize generators. Such generators are usually between ring generators and standard generators for geared systems. [17] In a further embodiment of the bearing device, the transmission can be designed as a planetary gear with at least one ring gear, at least one planet and at least one sun gear. As a result, compact transmission arrangements can be realized.

In order to realize a compact gear generator system without intermediate elements, the sun gear can form the aborting shaft.

[19] In order to minimize the deflection of the generator rotor, the planet can be flexibly supported, in particular by means of FlexPin. If several planets are used in one embodiment, all or a limited number of planets can be stored by means of FlexPin. Such flexible bearings convert Kippanteile in translation shares, whereby the mechanical stress of the transmission but also the mechanical and electrical loads of the generator can be minimized.

[20] Definitions and descriptions of the subclaims can be further derived from the following aspects.

In a further aspect of the invention, the object is achieved by a device for supporting at least one rotor in a generator of a wind turbine, wherein the wind turbine has at least one rotor with at least one rotor blade, wherein the generator has at least one stator, wherein at least one Rotor is driven by a driven shaft of a drive train, the device comprising the drive shaft of the drive train and a connection between the driven shaft and at least one rotor and wherein the included compound is designed torque limiting and the storage of at least one rotor with respect to at least one stator through the Device or the included connection takes place.

[22] In this document, the term "at least" may indicate both the singular and multiple existence of a feature. [23] The generator of the wind turbine can be realized in any design and include both one or more stators and one or more runners.

[24] The concept of the drive train can cover both the entire mechanical power transmission from the rotor of the wind turbine to the generator as well as only individual components of this power transmission chain. The mechanical power transmission can be executed gearless, with one, with several and in particular with coupled transmissions. In this context, the term "drifting shaft of a drive train" indicates the part of the drive train which transmits mechanical power to the generator, which may be a conventional shaft, a gear connection or any other type of connection act mechanical power transmission.

The device according to the invention connects the drive train directly to at least one rotor of the generator, wherein the concept of the rotor may comprise both only the electromagnetically active part of the rotor and the combination of a corresponding carrier with the electromagnetically active part and any connection parts to the device according to the invention ,

[26] The device is designed such that the connection between the driven shaft and the rotor of the generator acts torque-limited, so that torques exceeding a limit torque are limited by the device such that at most only the nominal torque of the driven shaft the runner is transferred.

[0002] Along with this, the rotor is supported by the device within the generator with respect to at least one stator, wherein, in addition, any further mounting of the rotor is dispensed with, in particular bearings arranged arbitrarily in and / or on the generator. The terminology of the bearing or the storage in this context represents any means that for a rotatably executed Localization of a rotor can be found within a generator application, in particular ball bearings, roller bearings, needle roller bearings and plain bearings, which may be particularly pronounced as radial bearings.

[28] In an embodiment of the device, the connection between at least one rotor and the driveable shaft of the drive train may be such that the connection is substantially non-rotatable as long as the torque prevailing at the driven shaft does not exceed a limit torque. In this case, the applied torque is transmitted substantially to the connected rotor of the generator. If the torque applied to the driven shaft exceeds the limit torque, the torque transmitted to the connected rotors is reduced to the limit torque. Such an embodiment of the device may prove to be advantageous, since increased wear of the generator is effectively avoided by overloading.

[29] In one embodiment of the device, the limitation of the torque transmitted between the aborting shaft and a rotor can be achieved by reducing the transmitted speed.

[30] In a further variant of the device, the torque limitation can be achieved by reducing the speed by means of a friction clutch known per se. If the permissible limit torque is exceeded, a relative movement between the force-transmitting coupling parts sets in - the clutch "slips" and the transmitted torque drops.

[31] In a further embodiment of the device, the connection between the driven shaft of the drive train and the rotor can be carried out by at least two torque-limiting connections arranged one behind the other on the driven shaft. This embodiment may prove to be advantageous in that tilting moments acting on the rotor due to the multiple connection between see the runner and the driven shaft can cause substantially no change in position of the rotor with respect to the aborting shaft. In a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one of the compounds can be designed as a slip clutch. The relevant use of known slip clutches can represent a low-cost and technically simple realization of the embodiment.

[32] In a further embodiment, the actual connection between the device according to the invention and at least one rotor can be made substantially releasably fixed by means of a flange, wherein the object of the flange in particular comprises any form of at least partially form-fitting connections. The design as a detachable connection facilitates maintenance and repair, since the driveline and the generator are easily separable from each other and thus a corresponding maintenance or renewal of the individual components can be done separately.

[33] In a further variant of the device, at least one rotor of the generator can be so pronounced that the rotor and at least one component of the device form a coherent unit.

[34] A further embodiment of the device can be connected directly or indirectly to at least one transmission contained in the drive train via the aborting shaft included in the device. The integration downstream of the transmission of the device according to the invention proves to be advantageous since the generator connected in such a torque-limited manner is effectively protected against transmission-related overloads, for example due to a defective blocking transmission.

[35] The gearbox and the generator can form a single unit. This can be realized either to the effect that the components of the transmission and of the generator at least proportionately located in a common housing or that the housings of the generator and the transmission are detachably connected to each other. The concept of housing In this context, this includes both a housing in the true sense and any type of carrier or mounting frame to which the components are directly or indirectly connected.

In one embodiment of the device, the device according to the invention can be at least partially integrated in such a gear and generator combination.

In a related variant, the device may be configured such that it is integrated into a combined housing in which at least one stator of the generator is connected directly to at least one component of the housing part associated with the transmission.

[38] A further embodiment of the device may be configured such that the included driven shaft is connected to a transmission-free drive train. This variant may prove to be advantageous in that no overload caused by a transmission can act on the generator and / or the drive train.

[39] A further variant can be realized in that the encompassing driven shaft and the rotor of the wind turbine are directly connected to each other.

[40] In another embodiment, the connecting element between the driven shaft and the rotor can even be omitted, so that the driven shaft and the rotor are formed as a coherent unit.

The use of a connecting element between a driven shaft of a drive train and a rotor of a generator in a wind turbine is possible if the connecting element is designed such that it allows limiting the torque transmitted between the driven shaft and the rotor and at the same time the bearing of the rotor within the generator is used. The use of a slip clutch may prove advantageous since such couplings to realizing properties of a torque-limiting storage cost-effective and can meet by a technically simple realization.

[42] In another aspect of the invention, a powertrain may be used in particular for use in a wind turbine, the powertrain having a bearing device as previously described.

Furthermore, a wind turbine can be used in particular for use in a wind turbine park, wherein the wind turbine has a drive train, as described above.

[44] It is also possible to realize a wind power plant park which has a previously described wind power plant.

[45] In another aspect of the invention, the object may be achieved by a powertrain system, in particular for use in a wind turbine, the powertrain system comprising a device as previously described.

[46] In a further embodiment, a wind turbine can be realized, in particular for use in a wind turbine park, wherein the wind turbine has a drive train system as described above.

Furthermore, a wind turbine park can be realized, which has a wind turbine as described above.

[48] In a further aspect of the invention, the object can be achieved by using a connection arrangement between a driven shaft of a drive train and a rotor of a generator in a wind turbine for simultaneously limiting the torque transmitted between the driven shaft and the rotor and for supporting the Runner within the generator, being the abortive Wave is at least partially located in the transmission. Thus, advantageously gear and generator is at least partially merged.

[49] In a related aspect of the invention, the connecting element may be designed as a slip clutch.

[50] An exemplary embodiment will be explained below with reference to the figures. It puts

FIG. 1 a shows a section through an arrangement of gearbox and generator connected to form a unit within the housing, within which device according to the invention is used,

FIG. 1 b shows a section through a further arrangement of the gearbox and generator connected via the housing to form a unit, within which a device according to the invention is used and the stator of the generator is connected directly to the gearbox housing,

FIG. 2 shows a section through a device according to the invention,

Figure 3 shows a section through a device according to the invention having, gearless drive train of a wind turbine

represents.

[51] In FIG. 1 a, a part of a drive train of a wind power plant is shown, which is constructed essentially symmetrically with respect to an axis of symmetry 101. The illustrated part of the drive train comprises a gear 103 with a flange 105, which is connected by corresponding screw connections 119 with the flange 117 of a generator housing 107 to form a unit. The driven shaft 113 of the transmission 103rd protrudes from the transmission 103 into the generator housing 107. Mounted on this shaft 113 is a connecting element 111 designed as a sliding clutch, by means of which the rotor 115 is mounted axially symmetrically within the stator 109, that is to say at the same distance from the stator 109 at the same circumference. The connecting element 111 is designed in this regard such that the torque applied to the driven gear shaft 113 is transmitted substantially completely to the rotor 115, provided that the applied torque falls below a limit torque. If the torque applied to the shaft exceeds the limit torque, a relative movement between the shaft 113 and the rotor 115 sets in, so that the rotor 115 rotates at a lower speed with respect to the shaft 113 and thus a lower torque - the clutch 111 "slips" by.

[52] A possible embodiment of such a device according to the invention is shown in Figure 2, wherein for reasons of clarity, only the upper half of the symmetrical arrangement is shown. On the driven shaft 113 of the gearbox, the connecting element is fixed by means of a clamping set 201 substantially rotationally and non-displaceably. On the thus fixed clamping set 201, a portion 213 is designed as a friction lining. A correspondingly pronounced counterpart 203 is circumferentially frictionally on the friction lining 213. At the counterpart 203 of the rotor or the rotor carrier 115, 123 by means of a screw 205 is fastened substantially releasably fixed. The frictional force acting between the two components 203 and 213 can be adjusted by means of corresponding adjusting screws 211 such that a relative movement between the two components 203 and 213 does not begin until a limit torque is applied to the shaft 113. Due to the relative movement occurring when the limit torque is exceeded, the speed transmitted to the rotor or rotor carrier 115, 123 is reduced and thus the torque is limited to the limit torque.

[53] Another embodiment is shown in FIG. The construction essentially corresponds to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1a, the integration of the gear and generator components being significantly more pronounced. Again, the Generator 103 and the generator 107 via the corresponding flanges 105 and 117 connected by means of screw 119 to form a unit. In addition, the integration of the components includes the direct mounting of the stator 121 on the back plate of the transmission 103, which also serves as the front end plate of the generator. This structure allows the realization of gear-generator combinations with a very short overall length. As a result, the stator remains at a disassembly of the generator housing 107 on the transmission, the separation of the generator and gearbox into separate units is thus repealed.

The rotor 123 of the generator is again connected by means of a connecting element 111 with the driven shaft 113 of the transmission 103, wherein the actual connection is again designed to limit the torque as a slip clutch.

FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention in a gearless drive train. The rotor blades 301 directly connected to the hub 303 convert the energy of the attacking wind into a rotational movement. This rotational movement is transmitted via the connection 105 according to the invention directly into the one of an outer rotor 311 and an inner stator 315 by means of the abutment shaft 303 connected to the hub 303, which is rotatably supported by corresponding bearings 305 relative to the main frame 309 of the wind turbine transmit existing generator. The connection 105 between the shaft 303 and the rotor 311 is embodied in this embodiment example as a torque-limiting slip clutch, which transmits the rotational movement of the shaft 303 below the limit torque directly to the external rotor 311 of the generator. Above the limit torque, the slip clutch 105 limits the torque transmitted to the external rotor 311 to the limit torque, so that overloading of the generator 311, 313 due to over torques or rotational speeds is precluded. Also in this embodiment, the bearing of the rotor 311 with respect to the stator 313 takes place exclusively by the connecting element 105 according to the invention on the driven shaft 303. Due to the complete absence of further, the generator shaft supporting rotary bearing wear susceptibility is reduced to a minimum.

Claims

claims:

1. Lagerervoπichtung for supporting at least one rotor in a generator of a wind turbine, wherein the wind turbine has at least one rotor with at least one rotor blade and a generator and a transmission comprehensive driveline, wherein the generator has at least one stator, wherein the transmission has a driven shaft and at least one rotor is driven by the output shaft of the transmission and the output shaft of the transmission forms a connection with the rotor, in particular the rotor induces a voltage during rotation in the generator, characterized in that the bearing device, the output shaft, the rotor and having the connection and the connection is made torque-limited and that the bearing of the rotor with respect to the stator is effected by the connection and / or on the driven-off shaft.

2. Storage device according to claim 1, wherein the transmission is configured as a planetary gear with at least one ring gear, at least one planet and at least one sun gear.

3. A bearing device according to claim 2, wherein the sun gear forms the driven shaft.

4. Storage device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the planet is mounted flexibly in particular by means of FlexPin.

5. Bearing device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the connection between the rotor and the driven shaft of the transmission

- Is executed substantially rotationally fixed, provided that prevailing at the driven shaft torque is less than a limit torque and - A transmitted torque is reduced to a torque which does not exceed the value of the limit torque, if a prevailing at the driven shaft torque is greater than the limit torque.

6. Bearing device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the limitation of the transmitted torque substantially takes place by a reduction of a transmitted speed.

7. Bearing device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the torque-limited connection is carried out by means of a slip clutch.

8. Bearing device according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the connection between see the driving shaft of the transmission and the rotor by two or more on the driven shaft arranged behind one another, torque-limited connections is executed.

9. A bearing device according to claim 8, wherein at least one of the torque-limited connections is designed as a slip clutch.

10. Bearing device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the connection is made substantially releasably fixed by flanging.

11. A bearing device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the rotor and at least one part of the bearing device or the connection form a unit.

12. Bearing device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the bearing device is at least partially integrated in a unitized to a generator and transmission housing or releasably firmly connected generator and gearbox housing.

13. A bearing device according to claim 11, wherein at least one stator of the generator is directly connected to at least one component of the transmission associated with the housing part.

14. Powertrain in particular for use in a wind turbine, wherein the drive train comprises a bearing device according to one of the preceding claims.

15. Wind power plant, in particular for use in a wind turbine park, wherein the wind turbine has a drive train according to claim 14.

16. wind turbine park, which has a wind turbine according to claim 15.

17. A device for supporting at least one rotor in a generator of a wind turbine, wherein the wind turbine has at least one rotor with at least one rotor blade, wherein the generator comprises at least one stator, wherein at least one rotor is driven by a driven shaft of a drive train, wherein the device the drifting shaft of the drive train and a connection between the driving shaft and at least one

Rotor comprises, characterized in that the included compound is designed to limit the torque and that the storage of at least one rotor with respect to at least one stator by the device or the included compound.

18. The device according to claim 17, characterized in that the included connection between at least one rotor and the driven shaft of the drive train

- Is carried out substantially rotationally fixed, provided that the prevailing at the driven shaft torque is less than a limit torque and - Reduces the transmitted torque to a torque which does not exceed the value of the limit torque, provided that the torque prevailing at the driven shaft is greater than the limit torque.

19. The apparatus of claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the limit of the transmitted torque is substantially carried out by a reduction of the transmitted speed.

20. Device according to one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the torque-limiting connection is carried out by means of a slip clutch.

21. Device according to one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the connection between the aborting shaft of the drive train and at least one rotor by at least two on the aborting shaft arranged behind one another, torque-limiting connections is executed.

22. The apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that at least one of the compounds is designed as a slip clutch.

23. The device according to one of claims 17 to 22, characterized in that the covered compound is designed substantially releasably fixed by flanging.

24. Device according to one of claims 17 to 23, characterized in that the rotor of the generator and at least one part of the device or the covered connection of the device form a unit.

25. The device according to any one of claims 17 to 24, characterized in that the encompassed driven shaft is connected directly or indirectly with at least one transmission contained in the drive train.

26. The device according to claim 25, characterized in that the device according to the invention is at least partially integrated in a generator and gearbox housing combined into a unit or in a releasably firmly connected generator and gearbox housing.

27. The device according to claim 26, characterized in that at least one stator of the generator is connected directly to at least one component of the housing part associated with the transmission.

28. Device according to one of claims 17 to 24, characterized in that the driven shaft comprising is connected to a transmission-free drive train.

29. The device according to claim 28, characterized in that the abutment shaft included in the device according to the invention and the rotor of the wind turbine are formed as a coherent unit.

30. A powertrain system, in particular for use in a wind turbine, wherein the powertrain system comprises a device according to any one of claims 17 to 29.

31. Wind energy installation, in particular for use in a wind turbine park, wherein the wind turbine has a drive train system according to claim 30.

32. Wind turbine park, which has a wind turbine according to claim 31.

33. Use of a connecting element between a driven shaft of a drive train and a rotor of a generator in a wind turbine for simultaneously limiting the torque transmitted between the driven shaft and the rotor and for mounting the rotor within the generator.

34. Use of a connecting element according to claim 33, characterized in that the connecting element is designed as a slip clutch.

35. Use of a connection arrangement between a driven shaft of a drive train and a rotor of a generator in a wind turbine for simultaneously limiting the transmitted torque between the driven shaft and the rotor and for mounting the rotor within the generator, wherein the driven shaft located at least partially in the transmission is.

36. Use of a connection arrangement according to claim 35, characterized in that the connecting element is designed as a slip clutch.