WO2009098084A1 - Système d’antenne pour communication mobile par satellite - Google Patents

Système d’antenne pour communication mobile par satellite Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009098084A1
WO2009098084A1 PCT/EP2009/000881 EP2009000881W WO2009098084A1 WO 2009098084 A1 WO2009098084 A1 WO 2009098084A1 EP 2009000881 W EP2009000881 W EP 2009000881W WO 2009098084 A1 WO2009098084 A1 WO 2009098084A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna system
antenna
signal
layer
line
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2009/000881
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Norbert Niklasch
Original Assignee
Symotecs Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO2009098084A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009098084A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna system, in particular for mobile satellite communication, a use of such an antenna system for receiving or transmitting broadband satellite signals and a method for receiving broadband satellite signals by means of a mobile antenna system.
  • the antenna system relates to a scalable planar antenna system used in Ku-band.
  • Satellite signals are typically received by means of parabolic antennas. These antennas are characterized by high profit and simple structure. In mobile applications, however, these mechanical solutions prove to be unwieldy and, depending on the implementation, expensive to maintain.
  • WO 2005/004284 A1 and WO 2004 / 045020A1 describe planar patch antenna arrays in multilayer construction. Where in both cases, the directional diagrams are fixed. In WO 2005 / 004284A1 perpendicular to the antenna surface, in WO 2004 / 045020A1 in a fixed elevation angle of 45 °.
  • WO 2004/079861 A1 describes a planar antenna for the reception of satellite signals.
  • the control in azimuth direction is done by mechanical rotation, while the control in elevation direction by electronic beam swinging via phase shifter.
  • From DE 691 19 275 T2 a microstrip line antenna for several frequencies is known.
  • a layered structure of an antenna element is shown with a patch element which is fed by two microstrip lines offset by 90 ° via two coupling slots.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show a correspondingly fed antenna element with three patch elements arranged one above the other, which are fed via a hybrid coupler for generating circularly polarized waves.
  • These antenna elements are arranged according to Figure 8 in a two-dimensional array of rows and columns, whereby a radiation beam is generated.
  • a synthetic aperture (SAR) antenna is known in which, according to FIG. Array of 20 arrayed dual polarized patch radiating elements arranged in a plane whose signals are added separately for each direction of polarization 32 of such sub-arrays are arranged one below the other in a column
  • the SAR antenna consists of 4 arranged in a row Panels, each consisting of four adjacent columns with the 32 sub-arrays.
  • US 2003/013746 A1 discloses a coplanar two-band microstrip array antenna, wherein the array of rectangular radiation elements for the first frequency band are arranged laterally offset on a printed circuit board in relation to the correspondingly constructed array for the second frequency band.
  • the steel elements for the two frequency bands are different in size. This arrangement is used as a phased array antenna for 1.575 GHz and 1, 227 GHz.
  • US 2005/0122262 A1 discloses an electronically controllable array antenna for satellite TV.
  • This antenna assembly is mounted on a vehicle and receives TV signals from a geostationary satellite, the antenna being constructed of three arrays of antenna elements arranged linearly in four rows each.
  • FIG. 5 three identical linear arrays with the same fixed presetting in the elevation direction are shown in a plane rotated 120 ° relative to each other, each being operated separately for the selected 120 ° azimuth sector, one of the three arrays being selected via a switch ,
  • the integration of antenna functionality into the host vehicle e.g., land vehicles, aircraft, or maritime vehicles
  • the host vehicle e.g., land vehicles, aircraft, or maritime vehicles
  • the field strengths of the satellite signals to be received in the service volume have different level values depending on the satellite system and application. In order to enable optimum adaptation to the particular application, it is necessary to adapt the reception characteristics (reception quality) of the antenna.
  • the quality of reception depends on the dimensions or, in the case of planar array antennas, on the number of antenna elements 10.
  • G AN T gain of the antenna
  • G / T ratio of gain (G) to system noise temperature (T)
  • FIG. 1 shows a functional block diagram of the entire antenna system.
  • the entire antenna system is hierarchically structured, modular and consists of the following main assemblies with the following reference numerals:
  • FIG. 3 shows the hierarchical structure of the main modules.
  • Figure 4 the structural integration of the individual modules is shown.
  • FIG. 2 Functional overview of the antenna system 1
  • FIG. 3 Hierarchy of the antenna modules
  • FIG. 4 Antenna assemblies
  • FIG. 5 Layered structure of an antenna element 10
  • FIG. 6 Construction of the antenna element 10 (section E-F)
  • Figure 7 Data Sheet ro4350: Rogers Corporation One Technology Drive, PO Box 188, Rogers,
  • CT 06263-0188, 10/2007 Figure 8 Data Sheet ro4450: Rogers Corporation One Technology Drive, PO Box 188, Rogers,
  • FIG. 9 Sub-array 8: top view
  • FIG. 10 symmetrical feeding of the antenna elements 10 of a sub-array 8: (view from below)
  • FIG. 11 symmetrical feeding of the antenna elements 10 of FIG Sub-arrays 8: (bottom view)
  • implementation 2
  • Figure 12 Summing network in SPE 9 for H polarization
  • Figure 13 Summing network in SPE 9 for V polarization
  • Figure 14 Summing network in SPE 9 for H polarization
  • Figure 15 Summing network in SPE 9 for V polarization
  • FIG. 16 switched azimuthal radiation pattern of the sub-array 8 (four AE)
  • FIG. 17 switched azimuthal radiation pattern of the sub-array 8 (four AE)
  • FIG. 18 switched azimuthal radiation pattern of the sub-array 8 (four AE)
  • FIG. 19 switched azimuthal
  • FIG. 20 Functional block diagram for the polarization control of the subarray 8
  • FIG. 21 Settings of the control signals for polarization control of the subarray 8
  • FIG. 22 Functional block diagram for the phase control of the subarray 8 FIG.
  • FIG. 29 Signal summation of the antenna system ems 1 (antenna module 11 to MN)
  • Figure 30 Mobile reception of television satellite signals (DVB-S)
  • Figure 31 Mobile reception of satellite signals for broadband Internet access 3 description
  • the single radiating element is realized as a layered structure of microstrip patch antennas with slot coupling.
  • microstrip patch antenna technology In order to ensure the requirements for ease of manufacture and flat design, the use of the microstrip patch antenna technology was used, which has been modified for the present application.
  • Microstrip patch antennas are realized by planar structures on printed circuit board materials, which allows a simple physical structure. It can be used on methods of manufacturing electronic multilayer printed circuit boards.
  • microstrip patch antennas prove to be efficient but narrowband emitters. Typical achievable bandwidths are 2% - max. 5% relative to the center frequency. In the present application, however, at least 17% (Ku band: 10.75 GHz to 12.75 GHz) is required.
  • Dielectrics with a large layer thickness can increase this bandwidth but lead to unwanted side effects such as surface waves.
  • a combined structure of several superimposed individual patches was chosen.
  • the patch on the first layer must be 4% larger than the one below.
  • the layer thickness of the dielectric materials was chosen so low that no surface waves are generated.
  • a slot coupling technique connects the patches to the feed line. This makes it possible to optimize the bandwidth by additional degrees of freedom in the design of the geometry of the slot and to specify a simpler mechanical structure for the production of printed circuit boards ( Figure 5, Figure 6) by avoiding vias.
  • FIG. 5 shows the conductor structures of the respective plane.
  • the antenna elements 10 must be spaced less than 0.5 wavelengths and 10 phase shifters associated with each antenna element.
  • the gain of the clustered antenna element 10 can be increased at low signal angles of incidence, as well as improved cross-polarization decoupling.
  • microstrip patch steel elements which are oriented in rhombic form, are fed for the respective polarization only on one side. This leads to a slight asymmetry of the resulting radiation pattern and manifests itself in particular at low angles of incidence of the signal wave. In one direction, there is a reduction in the profit curve (-1 dBi) in the opposite direction to an increase (+1 dBi).
  • FIG. 10 The arrangement shown in FIG. 10, FIG. 11 and the symmetrical feed necessary for this purpose compensate for this effect and utilize it in a positive manner.
  • Each opposite feed points are fed with 180 ° phase shift.
  • the necessary phase shift of 180 ° can be done either by installation of a delay line (DL) as shown in FIG. Or by rotation of the feed line under the coupling slot by 180 °, see Figure 11.
  • the symmetrical supply compensates for interfering components of the respective cross-polar field and significantly improves the polarization decoupling (from approx. 15 dB to 25 dB).
  • the signal outputs of the radiation elements are in each case connected via two lines of wavelengths long with a PIN diode, which is operated as a switch.
  • Signal output A with TL1 and TL4 signal output B with TL2 and TL6, signal output C with TL5 and TL3, signal output D with TL4 and TL7.
  • the control signal AZSW is set to + 10mA.
  • the PIN diodes D1 and D2 are switched to the conducting state in accordance with a low-impedance (ideal short-circuit, 0 ohms).
  • the diodes D3 and D4 block and represent a high-impedance, which is not influenced by the line characteristics of TL4, TL5 and TL6 and TL7.
  • TL4 line characteristics of TL4
  • the short circuit at D1 is also transformed via the ⁇ A wavelength long line TL10 into an idling run at the summing point S1.
  • TL4, TL5 and TL8 form a summing structure which gives the sum of the input signals from A and C to S1.
  • the short circuit at D2 is also transformed via the ⁇ A wavelength-long line TL11 into an idling run at the summing point S2.
  • TL6, TL7 and TL9 form a summing structure which gives the sum of the input signals of B and D to S2.
  • the control signal AZSW is set to -10mA.
  • the PIN diodes D3 and D4 are switched to the conducting state in accordance with a low-impedance (ideal short-circuit, 0 ohm).
  • the diodes D1 and D2 block and represent a high-impedance, which is not affected by the line characteristics of TL1, TL2 and TL3 and TL4.
  • TL1, TL2 and TL3 and TL4 By the% wavelength long line pieces TL4 and TL5 this short is transformed into an idle state at the point A and C.
  • TL1, TL2 and TL10 form a summing structure which gives the sum of the input signals from A and B to S1.
  • the short circuit at D4 is also transformed via the ⁇ A wavelength long line TL9 into an idling run at the summing point S2.
  • TL3, TL4 and TL11 form a summing structure which gives the sum of the input signals from C and D to S2.
  • control signal ASZWPH is used.
  • a sum signal output is subjected to a fixed phase shift of 120 °, while the other is subjected to a shift between 0 ° and 240 ° switchable phase shift.
  • FIG. 16 shows the switching states as a function of the values of the control values AZSW and AZSWPH with the associated radiation diagrams in the azimuth plane.
  • the output signals of the function blocks AZ_SUM_V and AZ_SUM_H represent an orthogonal set of input signals. Together with the biphasic attenuation elements BiA 1 and BiA 2 and a subsequent summation stage SUM, a vector modulator structure is realized (FIG. 20).
  • the attenuation in the respective branches can be changed.
  • the two-phase attenuators are realized by Lange couplers in thin-film technology and two PIN diodes. By changing the current flow through the diodes, the diode resistance can be changed. This makes it possible to change the attenuation between low and maximum and to change the phase between 0 ° and 180 ° ( Figure 21).
  • the output signal of the polarization control unit is supplied to a phase control unit.
  • the phase control unit is made up of a low-noise amplifier LNA5, the 90 ° hybrid, the two biphasic attenuators BiA3 and BiA4 and the summing stage SUM2.
  • the aforementioned components without the LNA5 form a vector modulator for controlling the phase of the received signal of the sub-array.
  • the DC control signals PHA_CTRL_I and PHA_CTRL_Q can be used to change the phase between 0 ° and 360 °.
  • the LNA5 compensates for the losses in the phase shifter.
  • Each module is made up of 16 sub-arrays arranged in a 4x4 matrix ( Figure 25, Figure 26).
  • the output signals of the sub-arrays of a module are summed on the module to form a signal.
  • partial sums of adjacent sub-arrays are first formed.
  • cable routing it should be noted that all cable lengths from the output signal of the sub-array to the central summation point of the module are the same length. In Figure 27, this fact is shown graphically.
  • antenna modules In order to support a modular / scalable structure, the entire antenna array was subdivided into so-called antenna modules. These antenna modules are in themselves fully functional antennas.
  • the output signals of the antenna modules are then combined via so-called row or column summing circuits.
  • These row or column summing circuits are constructed in the form of a bus structure and also include the conditioning of the control signals.
  • the selected design ensures that the signal paths from each module to the central summation point of the entire antenna are the same length.
  • the TrackSat TM antenna system is used to receive broadband satellite signals in Ku band (10.7 GHz - 12.75 GHz).
  • the system can be operated with geostationary Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) or Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites.
  • MEO Medium Earth Orbit
  • LEO Low Earth Orbit
  • the TrackSat TM antenna system is designed to handle the frequency band to be received from 10.7 GHz - 12.75 GHz, corresponding to a bandwidth of 2.05 GHz, and in two selectable intermediate frequency bands from 0.95 GHz to 1.95 GHz as well 1, 1 GHz to 2.15 GHz at the high frequency signal output in a signal level range, which allows the connection of commercially available satellite signal receiver is available.
  • the antenna element 10 represents the fundamental interface to the electromagnetic wave impinging on the antenna surface from the satellite. This antenna element 10 converts the radiation-bound energy into a line-bound energy that can be used for further signal processing.
  • the antenna element 10 is constructed so that the entire frequency band (10.7 GHz - 12.75 GHz) can be processed.
  • the antenna element 10 generates two orthogonally polarized signals, which are assigned to the horizontally or vertically polarized incident signal. The reception of both orthogonal polarizations is necessary to compensate for the change in relative polarization axes between the fixed transmitter (satellite) and the moving receiver (vehicle). This is done in the polarization control unit. The operation of the polarization control unit is described in FIG.
  • each 4 antenna elements 10 are grouped into a sub-array 8.
  • the geometrical arrangement is chosen such that by controlled summation of the separately available polarization a coarse alignment of the radiation pattern of the antenna in the azimuth direction can take place. This allows stepwise alignment in four sectors covering an opening angle of 90 ° each.
  • the signals from the two respectively adjacent antenna elements 10 are summed separately for polarization. This results in two sum signals for each polarization: partial sum 1 between antenna element 10 A and antenna element 10 B and partial sum 2 between antenna element 10 C and antenna element 10 D.
  • the signals from the two superimposed antenna elements 10 are summed separately for polarization. This results in two sum signals for each polarization: partial sum 1 between antenna element 10 A and antenna element 10 C and partial sum 2 between antenna element 10 B and antenna element 10 D.
  • the output signals of these summation stages are each supplied to a low-noise preamplifier and amplified.
  • the previously formed partial sums 1 and 2 are separated according to polarization by switching a relative phase shift of + 120 ° or -120 ° summed.
  • a phase shift of + 120 ° between subtotals 1 and 2 pivots the directional diagram in the sector + 45 ° to + 135 °.
  • a phase shift of + 120 ° between subtotals 1 and 2 pivots the directional diagram in the sector + 225 ° to + 315 °.
  • the previously formed partial sums 1 and 2 are separated according to polarization by switching a relative phase shift of + 120 ° or 120 ° summed.
  • a phase shift of + 120 ° between subtotals 1 and 2 pivots the directional diagram in the sector +135 to + 225 °.
  • a phase shift of + 120 ° between subtotal 1 and 2 pivots the directional diagram in the sector + 315 ° to + 45 °.
  • two orthogonal signals weighted by the directional pattern of the sub-array are available. These signals are now fed to the polarization tracking circuit.
  • the orthogonal input signals, two two-phase attenuators and a final summing stage form a vector modulator. By different weighting of the two orthogonal signal components of the polarization vector can be rotated by 360 °.
  • the sub-arrays 8 formed from the four antenna elements 10 can be used as new antennas with a roughly switchable directional diagram. will see.
  • the output signals of these new antennas are now assigned a pin weighting and summed up by rows and columns.
  • Each sub-array 8 is connected to a in Figure 22 phase shifter on a vector modulator basis.
  • control currents which are generated by associated D / A converter, the respectively necessary phase adjustment is made.
  • phase settings are calculated according to the following formula:
  • N number of sub-arrays in the Y-direction a m ⁇ : amplitude weighting of the individual antennas k 0 : wavenumber 2 ⁇ / ⁇ ⁇ : wavelength d x : relative distance of the antennas in X-direction d y : relative distance of the antennas in Y-direction Direction u: sin ( ⁇ ) cos ( ⁇ ) v: sin ( ⁇ ) sin ( ⁇ )
  • V 0 sin ( ⁇ o ) sin ( ⁇ o)
  • ⁇ variable elevation angle
  • ⁇ variable azimuth angle
  • sub-arrays 8 with the associated electronic signal processing elements (SPE) 9 are combined to form so-called antenna modules.
  • These modules consist of 16 arranged in a 4 x 4 matrix sub-arrays 8 with a respective grid spacing of 22.5 mm in the X and Y directions.
  • the distance between the sub-arrays 8 has been chosen such that the gratings occurring when the directional diagram is swept fall within a range which is suppressed by the preset directional pattern of the sub-array 8 with respect to the direction of the main lobe.
  • the output signal of the antenna module is produced.
  • Each antenna module represents a fully functional antenna. This allows an application-specific adaptation to different requirements with regard to the gain and shape of the directional diagram.
  • the combination of 16 antenna modules is necessary due to the requirements for the gain of the antenna system.
  • These 16 antenna modules are arranged in a 4 x 4 matrix.
  • the spacing between the modules in the X and Y directions is determined by the required size of the antenna modules and is 90 mm.
  • the output signals of the modules are first summed line by line (ROW-PCB) 5, wherein the length of the connecting lines is designed so that the electrical running time is the same for all output signals of the modules to the central transfer point of the row summation circuit. Subsequently, the output signals of the row summing circuit are summed by means of a column summing circuit (COL_PCB) 6 to an output signal of the antenna system, the length of the connecting lines being designed so that the electrical running time for all output signals of the row summing circuits is equal to the central transfer point of the column summing circuit.
  • the output of the column summing circuit is then supplied to a frequency conversion board 15 and selectively converted to the frequency bands 0.95 GHz to 1.95 GHz and 1.1 GHz to 2.15 GHz
  • an electronic tracking system In order to control the directional pattern of the antenna in the desired direction and to allow tracking of the alignment in the case of the movement of the host vehicle, an electronic tracking system is required.
  • tracking of the alignment of the directional diagram can be carried out by evaluating sum and difference diagrams (monopulse tracking). For this purpose, however, a considerable additional hardware effort is needed.
  • the orientation and the change in the orientation of the antenna platform is determined. From this information, the orientation of the antenna diagram can be adjusted in static as well as in dynamic applications.
  • the dynamic sensor system consists of a two-dimensional measuring inclination sensor and a gyroscope, which detects rotational movements around the vertical axis of the antenna.
  • the signal power in the receive path is measured. This must be within a specified tolerance window. If not, an optimization procedure for aligning the chart is performed.
  • the stratification, adaptation of the slot supply results in comparison to standard antenna arrays increased bandwidth with respect to the course of the input impedance and the polarization behavior.
  • the arrangement of the antenna elements 10 in the subarray, the symmetrical feeding and the directional summation in the azimuth direction result in an increased profit compared to a standard solution with respect to flat angles of incidence of the signal wave.
  • the division into the sub-arrays, the serial interconnection and the use of the integrated electronic module enable a scalable design of the overall system.
  • the antenna size and thus the reception properties can be adapted to the respective needs by adding or removing module units.
  • phase shifter components By applying the concept of sub-array formation, a reduction of the required phase shifter components by a factor of 4 can be achieved (example: instead of 1024 only 256 components).
  • the production can be carried out by standardized processes of a printed circuit board production.
  • the required electronic components are assembled and contacted using SMD technology.
  • Figure 30 illustrates the concept for using the TrackSat TM antenna system for DVB-S mobile television signal reception.
  • FIG. 31 shows the concept for using the TrackSat TM antenna system for mobile broadband Internet access via satellite.
  • Web content can be loaded onto the user PC via the described antenna system.
  • the return channel for data requests by the user must be made available via an external communication system (eg mobile phone).
  • sub-array consists of antenna elements 10 A 1 B 1 C 1 D
  • a 1 B 1 C 1 D antenna elements 10 of a sub-array 8
  • AZ_SEL H Azimuth sub-array selection 8: horizontal polarization
  • AZ_SEL V Azimuth sub-array selection 8: vertical polarization
  • AZ_SUM H Azimuth summation of sub-array 8: horizontal polarization
  • AZ_SUM V Azimuth summation of sub-array 8: vertical polarization
  • BiA Biphase attenuator, biphasic attenuator
  • DC CTRL AZSW_H Control signal for selecting the signal outputs to be summed of the antenna element 10 for horizontal polarization
  • DC CTRL AZSW_V Control signal for selecting the signal outputs to be summed of the antenna element 10 for vertical polarization
  • DC CTRL AZSWPH_H Control signal for coarse adjustment of the azimuth angle of sub-array 8 for horizontal polarization
  • DC CTRL AZSWPH_V control signal for coarse adjustment of the azimuth angle of sub-array 8 for vertical polarization
  • LNA Low Noise Amplifier, low-noise amplifier
  • PH_CTRL_I Control signal for in-phase component
  • PH_CTRL_Q control signal for orthogonal component
  • POL_CTRL_H control signal of sub-array 8 for horizontal polarization
  • POL_CTRL_V control signal of sub-array 8 for vertical polarization
  • SPE signal processing element, signal processing element
  • V vertical polarization
  • VIA drill through-hole

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention fournit un système d'antenne dont l'angle azimutal et l'angle d'élévation peuvent être réglés électroniquement. On n'utilise pas de composants mécaniques pour commander le diagramme directionnel. Le système est de conception modulaire, et il peut être adapté à des exigences différentes concernant le gain d'antenne par mise à l'échelle, en utilisant plus ou moins de modules d'antenne. La division en modules du genre carreaux permet en outre une adaptation de l'ouverture du système d'antenne à des surfaces courbes. La figure 2 représente un schéma-blocs fonctionnel du système d'antenne dans son ensemble.
PCT/EP2009/000881 2008-02-09 2009-02-09 Système d’antenne pour communication mobile par satellite WO2009098084A1 (fr)

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DE102008008387A DE102008008387A1 (de) 2008-02-09 2008-02-09 Antennensystem für mobile Satellitenkommunikation
DE102008008387.9 2008-02-09

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EP2634860B1 (fr) 2012-02-29 2018-12-19 Deutsche Telekom AG Stabilisation de liaison hertzienne pour liaisons radio sans fil dans les zones d'ondes millimétriques et de fréquence térahertzienne

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