Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
  • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
  • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
  • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
  • A24D3/062—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by structural features
  • A24D3/063—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by structural features of the fibers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
  • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
  • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
  • A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
  • A24D3/0204—Preliminary operations before the filter rod forming process, e.g. crimping, blooming
  • A24D3/0208—Cutting filter materials
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
  • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
  • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
  • A24D3/04—Tobacco smoke filters characterised by their shape or structure
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
  • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
  • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
  • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
  • A24D3/08—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent
  • A24D3/10—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent of cellulose or cellulose derivatives

Definitions

• the present invention relates to filters and filter elements for smoking articles such as cigarettes, in particular slim cigarettes.
• Selective filtration occurs when the yield of selected chemicals in cigarette smoke is proportionally reduced to a greater extent than the majority of compounds in smoke (e.g. tar).
• Phenolic compounds for example phenol, cresols, catechol and resorcinol - are known constituents of cigarette smoke. They are toxic compounds - in particular, phenol and catechol are included on the so-called "Hoffmann" list of the most hazardous compounds found in cigarette smoke. It is considered desirable to potentially selectively reduce the quantities of these compounds delivered to the smoker.
• the usual filtering material used in cigarette filters is a continuous tow of filamentary cellulose acetate plasticised with triacetin, which is gathered together in rod form to form the filter or filter element.
• the filaments of cellulose acetate tow are predominantly aligned in the longitudinal direction.
• cellulose acetate exhibits a selective filtering action towards phenolic compounds.
• a filter for a "slim" cigarette will naturally include a reduced volume of cellulose acetate filtering material compared to a standard filter; any selective filtering effect may be reduced as there is less material available to act upon a similar quantity of smoke. It is desirable, therefore, to provide a slim filter which potentially selectively reduces the quantities of phenolic compounds delivered to the smoker of a slim cigarette.
• a filter tow is described in terms of the denier per filament (dpf); total denier; and the fibre cross-sectional shape.
• the filament denier is defined as the weight in grams of 9000 metres of a single filament; the total denier is then simply the dpf multiplied by the number of filaments in the tow.
• a 5Y30,000 tow describes a material with a filament with a dpf of 5 grams per 9000 metres in the shape of a Y, comprising 6,000 filaments giving a total denier of 30,000 grams per 9000 metre length.
• a standard cellulose acetate (“monoacetate”) cigarette filter having a low circumference i.e.
• a slim monoacetate filter it is necessary to use a cellulose acetate tow with a low total denier because there are limitations on the amount of material than can be packed into the slim product. It is well known in the industry that low total denier tows are more expensive (per unit weight) than higher total denier tows and there is also limited commercial availability of low total denier tows. It is desirable, therefore, to provide a slim filter, which can be made from a wider range of total denier of cellulose acetate tows than conventional slim or superslim monoacetate filters.
• a tobacco smoke filter or filter element comprising a cylindrical plug of a substantially homogeneous filtering material of circumference between 14.0 and 23.2 mm (for example, between 16 and 23.2 mm), wherein the substantially homogeneous filtering material comprises a plurality of randomly oriented staple fibres.
• substantially homogeneous filtering material means a filtering material which has substantially uniform physical characteristics throughout any cross-section therethrough.
• the staple fibres means individual, discrete, fibres of specific length.
• the staple fibres may be randomly oriented with reference to one another.
• the substantially homogeneous filtering material may comprise a plurality of randomly oriented staple fibres wherein a portion of the randomly oriented staple fibres generally extend transversely to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical plug.
• the substantially homogeneous filtering material may comprise a plurality of randomly oriented staple fibres at least 10% (for example, 20%, 30%,
• randomly oriented staple fibres means that the staple fibres are randomly oriented in three dimensions (in the filter or filter element).
• the term randomly oriented staple fibres, herein, is not intended to (and does not) mean a continuous cellulose acetate tow, the individual strands of which are predominantly aligned in the longitudinal direction (although it will be appreciated that staple fibres may be formed from such tows, as discussed below).
• the term randomly oriented staple fibres, herein, is not intended to (and does not) mean a web or sheet of filtering material which is formed (from e.g. pulp and/or fibres) and then shaped as a whole or substantially whole web or sheet into rod form (by e.g. wrapping).
• randomly oriented staple fibres does not mean a two dimensional paper-like artefact which is taken up in a roll form.
• the term randomly oriented staple fibres, herein, is not intended to (and does not) mean a web or sheet of filtering material which is formed (from e.g. pulp and/or fibres) and then shredded and then shaped into rod form. Sheets or webs may have random orientation in two dimensions but (even when shredded) undergo processes (such as embossing) so they retain some integrity when drawn through a filter making machine.
• the fibres in a filter or filter element made from a sheet or web will be predominantly aligned along the longitudinal axis of the filter or filter element, and are therefore not randomly oriented (in three dimensions) staple fibres.
• the plurality of randomly oriented staple fibres may form a porous matrix providing a labyrinth of passages - these may act as passages for smoke when utilised as a cigarette filter.
• the applicants have found that the performance of the filter or filter element of the invention may be comparable to existing products (e.g. a "monoacetate" product formed of a continuous tow of longitudinally oriented filaments of cellulose acetate tow plasticised with triacetin gathered together in rod form), but the applicants have found that 20-30% less filtering material (e.g. cellulose acetate) is required when it is used in the form of randomly oriented staple fibres.
• tobacco smoke filters or filter elements of the invention may provide enhanced removal of phenols from tobacco smoke (in a slim cigarette), compared to e.g. a standard monoacetate filter or filter element (which does not comprise randomly oriented staple fibres).
• a standard monoacetate filter or filter element which does not comprise randomly oriented staple fibres.
• the unexpected reduction in phenolic compounds by filters and filter elements of the invention is even more significant when the lower weight of filtering material (cellulose acetate) is taken into account.
• tobacco smoke filter or filter elements of the invention may be more readily and swiftly degraded under e.g. environmental conditions, compared to e.g. a standard monoacetate filter or filter element.
• the staple fibres may be made of filamentary material.
• the staple fibres may be crimped, as is well known in the art.
• the staple fibres may be, for example, cellulose acetate or polypropylene fibres.
• the staple fibres may be made of (or formed from) a fibre tow, for example cellulose acetate tow, polypropylene tow.
• the staple fibres may be, for example, natural and/or synthetic fibres; fibres formed from natural plant material(s) etc.
• the staple fibres may be cellulose pulp fibres (e.g. which have been fiberized via a hammermill).
• the staple fibres may be cut herbs (e.g. cut tobacco leaf), or obtained from reconstituted tobacco sheet.
• the staple fibres may impart flavouring and/or filtration properties to the final product.
• the staple fibres may be of substantially the same length (of substantially uniform length).
• the staple fibres may be of a variety of different lengths.
• the stable fibres may be for example of length between 4 mm and 20 mm, e.g. between 5 mm and 19 mm, e.g. between 6 mm and 18 mm, e.g. between 7 mm and 16 mm.
• the staple fibres may be made of, or formed from, a fibre tow, for example cellulose acetate tow, of total denier of from 14,000g to 55,00Og per 9,000m length, e.g. from 20,00Og to 50,00Og per 9,000m length, e.g. from 23,00Og to 45,00Og per 9,000m length, e.g. from 25,00Og to 4O 1 OOOg per 9,000m length.
• the substantially homogeneous filtering material may optionally include other material, for example a liquid additive (such as a flavourant, e.g. menthol solution).
• the substantially homogeneous filtering material comprising a plurality of randomly oriented staple fibres may be formed from a plurality of staple fibres, and may optionally include other material, for example a plasticiser, a binder material or other additive.
• the staple fibres may be bonded to each other (e.g. due to action of a plasticiser) at a multiplicity of contact points.
• the substantially homogeneous filtering material may optionally include a binder material.
• the substantially homogeneous filtering material may optionally include a water soluble binder material.
• water soluble materials include water soluble polymer materials such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl ether, starches, polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols; blends of water soluble binders with plasticisers such as triacetin; and hot melt water soluble binders in particulate form.
• water soluble binder material may further enhance the ability of the filter or filter element to be readily and swiftly degraded e.g. under environmental conditions.
• the filter or filter element may include one or more particulate additives - e.g. within the body of the filter or filter element.
• the (or each) particulate additive may be a powder (e.g. particles of 50 to 150 ⁇ m diameter) or granular (e.g. particles of 0.15 to 1.0 mm diameter).
• suitable particulate additives include flavourants or sorbents - e.g. activated carbon, zeolite, ion exchange resin (e.g. a weakly basic anion exchange resin), sepiolite, silica gel, alumina, molecular sieves, carbonaceous polymer resins and diatomaceous earths.
• the filter or filter element may include more than one type of staple fibre.
• staple fibres which are fibres (of e.g. cellulose pulp) which have been fiberized via a hammermill may be included in the filter in addition to (e.g. mixed with) staple fibres formed from a filamentary tow.
• the staple fibres may be plasticised.
• the substantially homogeneous filtering material may optionally include a plasticiser.
• the formation of plasticised tow is well known in the art.
• the plasticiser (which plasticises the staple fibres) may be, for example, triacetin, triethyleneglycol diacetate (TEGDA) or polyethylene glycol (PEG).
• the staple fibres may be fibres of plasticised cellulose acetate tow.
• the staple fibres may be cellulose acetate tow which has been plasticised with e.g. triacetin.
• the circumference of the cylindrical plug may be for example between 14.0 mm and 23.2 mm, for example between 16 and 23.2 mm, for example between 16.0 mm and 20mm, for example between 16.2mm and 20mm, for example between 16.2 mm and 17 mm.
• the plurality of randomly oriented staple fibres may form a porous matrix providing a labyrinth of passages in the filtering material.
• the labyrinth passages may function as passages for smoke when utilised as a cigarette filter.
• the tobacco smoke filter or filter element may have substantially uniform physical characteristics throughout any cross-section thereof, rather than the more uneven structure that results from formation from a sheet of filter material.
• the tobacco smoke filtering material may be over wrapped with a wrapper or plugwrap, for example a wrapper of paper, for example a wrapper of an air-permeable paper.
• a wrapper or plugwrap for example a wrapper of paper, for example a wrapper of an air-permeable paper.
• Particulate additives such as those discussed above may be applied to the wrapper or plugwrap surrounding the filter material, for example as described in GB 2261152.
• a multiple rod comprising a plurality of filters or filter elements as described above and/or herein integrally joined end-to-end in a mirror image relationship.
• a filter element according to the invention may be used as a segment of a multi-segment slim filter, e.g. a dual, triple, other multiple filter. Such filters are well known in the art. If the filter element is used as or in a segment of a multi-segment filter, it may be used at (or in) the mouth or buccal end segment of the filter, or as (or in) any other segment of the filter. A filter element according to the invention may be used on its own e.g. as a single segment slim filter (e.g. in the same way as a monoacetate filter). Such filters are well known in the art.
• a filter of the invention (or a filter which includes a filter element of the invention) is joined to a wrapped tobacco rod with one end of the filter towards the tobacco.
• the filter may, for example, be joined to the wrapped tobacco rod by ring tipping [which engages around just the adjacent ends of a (wrapped) filter and rod to leave much of the filter wrap exposed] or by a full tipping overwrap (which engages around the full filter length and the adjacent end of the tobacco rod).
• Any filter or filter cigarette according to the invention may be unventilated, or may be ventilated by methods well known in the art, e.g. by use of a pre-perforated or air-permeable plugwrap, and/or laser perforation of plugwrap and tipping overwrap.
• a tobacco smoke filter or filter element comprising a cylindrical plug of a substantially homogeneous filtering material comprising a plurality of randomly oriented staple fibres for selectively reducing one or more phenolic compounds in tobacco smoke.
• a cylindrical plug of a substantially homogeneous filtering material comprising a plurality of randomly oriented staple fibres, as, or in the manufacture of, a filter or filter element for selectively reducing one or more phenolic compounds in tobacco smoke.
• FIGURE 1 is a plan view, not to scale, of an individual filter in an embodiment of the invention; and FIGURE 2 shows a cross-section of the filter of Figure 1.
• the filter 1 shown in Fig.1 includes a porous elongated cylindrical plug 2 of circumference 16.9 mm and length 27 mm, which comprises a plurality of randomly oriented individual or staple filamentary fibres 3 formed from a 5Y30.000 cellulose acetate tow plasticised with triacetin.
• the staple fibres 3 generally extend transversely to the longitudinal axis of the element and tie back slightly to form a multiplicity of contact points at which the staple fibres 3 are bonded to each other.
• the bound fibres provide a substantially homogeneous filtering material which forms the plug 2.
• the substantially homogeneous filtering material so-formed may be described as a porous matrix, which provides a labyrinth of smoke passages when used as a cigarette filter.
• the filter element 1 has substantially uniform physical characteristics throughout the cross-section.
• the filter may be manufactured by known methods, for example the method disclosed in US 3, 552, 400.
• a raw tow of the cellulose acetate is passed through a conventional banding device so as to separate the individual filaments thereof, and a further conventional banding device, which may be utilised to spread the tow into a relatively thin filamentary layer.
• the filamentary layer is then passed through a conventional plasticising device wherein a suitable plasticiser (triacetin in the present example) is sprayed by suitable jets onto one or both sides of the filamentary layer to form a plasticised tow.
• a conventional feeding means such as a pair of rollers is utilised to deliver the plasticised tow to a processing apparatus for making staple fibres and forming these into a continuous rod.
• a suitable apparatus is described in full detail in US 3,552,400 and shown in Fig.1 of that document.
• the plasticised tow is fed through a funnel to a chopper which severs the continuous tow into a multiplicity of discrete staple fibres, the length of which depends upon the relationship between the speed of the chopper and the rate of the feed of the continuous tow into the chopper.
• the staple fibres produced by the chopper are sucked from the chopper by means of a turbulent air stream which disperses the staple fibres (and provides or increases their random orientation) and directs these through a porous frusto-conical screen, the smaller or outlet end of which feeds onto a moving porous belt.
• Particulate or other additives may, if desired, be fed into the turbulent air stream and dispersed throughout the filter material at this stage.
• the porous enclosing means is tapered and slows the speed of the staple fibres passing therethrough, and also tends to dispose the staple fibres so the length of a portion of fibres is disposed substantially transversely to the longitudinal axis of the product filter rod.
• the staple fibres are fed onto the porous belt, which moves the fibres longitudinally into a steam treating chamber.
• a bore at the entrance to the steam-treating chamber forms the longitudinal edges of the porous belt about the staple fibres as the belt and fibres thereon are drawn longitudinally through the bore.
• the drawing of the belt around the fibres thus completes the formation of the staple fibres into a rod surrounded by the porous belt.
• Steam is applied to the porous surface of the belt and passes continuously and directly therethrough to treat the staple fibres held therein.
• the bonding constituents of the staple fibres e.g. the triacetin
• the belt and staple fibres entrained therein are then drawn through a cooling station as is also well known in the art and thus the drying and cooling of the element (and setting of the bonding constituents) takes place in the cooling station.
• the cylindrical rod so- formed may be wrapped in a plugwrap paper (not shown) and sealed with a lap adhesive by means that are well-known in the prior art.
• the resulting dried and cooled continuous cylindrical rod formed of randomly oriented staple fibres is peeled from the belt as it leaves the cooling station, [the belt being substantially flattened and continuously orbited back to a position in the region of the screen to gather further additional staple fibres from the screen and draw these into the steam chamber].
• the initial continuous cylindrical rod formed of randomly oriented staple fibres as it issues continuously from the machine outlet is cut into finite lengths for subsequent use.
• filters such as filter 1 of Figure 1
• filter 1 of Figure 1
• the continuously issuing rod is first cut into double or higher multiple (usually quadruple or sextuple) length rods of filters 1 (or filter elements) for subsequent use.
• the formation of multiple length filters (and their subsequent incorporation into filter cigarettes) is well known in the art.
• Table 1 compares Sample A, a filter made according to the method of US 3, 552, 400, and which includes a filtering material formed from a plurality of randomly oriented staple fibres of plasticised cellulose acetate, with a prior art monoacetate filter of the same dimensions.
• the hardness values (defined as the compressed diameter of the filter rod as a percentage of the initial rod diameter, the compression of the rod being caused by a known weight applied through a circular foot for a specific period of time) and pressure drop (PD) (expressed in mm Water Gauge) were measured for the samples.
• the yields of phenolic compounds were measured for all samples smoked under ISO conditions; cresols are the combined yields of o-, m- and p-cresol, whilst Di Hydroxy Phenols are the combined yields of Hydroquinone, Resorcinol and Catechol.
• the tar yields from the cigarettes were also measured in order that the changes in the ratios of phenols to tar could be assessed.
• the values for Sample A are expressed as a % value of that for the prior art monoacetate filter (i.e. the value for the monoacetate filter is taken as 100, and that for Sample A expressed as a percentage of that value).
• Sample A The reductions in phenolic compounds in Sample A are even more significant when the lower weight of cellulose acetate in Sample A (which includes the filtering material formed from a plurality of randomly oriented staple fibres of plasticised cellulose acetate) compared to the monoacetate product is taken into account (Sample A includes 77.5% by weight of the amount of tow of the monoacetate filter).
• Example 3 type of tow
• samples A and B are the same as those used in any standard (c. 24.5 mm) circumference product; whereas the above monoacetate control superslim sample required a more expensive low total denier tow.
• This example illustrates that filters of the invention provide acceptable characteristics using much higher total denier cellulose tows than for a conventional superslim product.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)

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Cited By (15)

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• 2009
  • 2009-01-21 TW TW098102158A patent/TW200936065A/zh unknown
  • 2009-01-23 KR KR1020107018551A patent/KR101765733B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2009-01-23 US US12/735,515 patent/US20110023900A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2009-01-23 CN CN200980102882XA patent/CN101938918B/zh active Active
  • 2009-01-23 RU RU2010134016/12A patent/RU2504309C2/ru active
  • 2009-01-23 MX MX2010007986A patent/MX2010007986A/es active IP Right Grant
  • 2009-01-23 EP EP09703354A patent/EP2247206B1/en not_active Revoked
  • 2009-01-23 BR BRPI0906555A patent/BRPI0906555B1/pt active IP Right Grant
  • 2009-01-23 WO PCT/GB2009/000215 patent/WO2009093051A2/en active Application Filing
  • 2009-01-23 PL PL09703354T patent/PL2247206T3/pl unknown
  • 2009-01-23 JP JP2010543576A patent/JP5491413B2/ja active Active
  • 2009-01-23 CA CA2712794A patent/CA2712794C/en active Active

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