WO2009087573A1 - Dispositif pour modifier et/ou commander l'état de polarisation d'une lumière - Google Patents

Dispositif pour modifier et/ou commander l'état de polarisation d'une lumière Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009087573A1
WO2009087573A1 PCT/IB2009/000235 IB2009000235W WO2009087573A1 WO 2009087573 A1 WO2009087573 A1 WO 2009087573A1 IB 2009000235 W IB2009000235 W IB 2009000235W WO 2009087573 A1 WO2009087573 A1 WO 2009087573A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
hole
wavelength
anyone
grating
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2009/000235
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English (en)
Inventor
Aurélien DREZET
Cyriaque Genet
Thomas Ebbesen
Original Assignee
Universite De Strasbourg (Etablissement Public National À Caractère Scientifique, Culturel Et Professionel)
CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE (Etablissement Public à Caractère Scientifique et Technologique)
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Publication of WO2009087573A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009087573A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B11/00—Recording on or reproducing from the same record carrier wherein for these two operations the methods are covered by different main groups of groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00 or by different subgroups of group G11B9/00; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B11/10—Recording on or reproducing from the same record carrier wherein for these two operations the methods are covered by different main groups of groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00 or by different subgroups of group G11B9/00; Record carriers therefor using recording by magnetic means or other means for magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier, e.g. light induced spin magnetisation; Demagnetisation by thermal or stress means in the presence or not of an orienting magnetic field
    • G11B11/105—Recording on or reproducing from the same record carrier wherein for these two operations the methods are covered by different main groups of groups G11B3/00 - G11B7/00 or by different subgroups of group G11B9/00; Record carriers therefor using recording by magnetic means or other means for magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier, e.g. light induced spin magnetisation; Demagnetisation by thermal or stress means in the presence or not of an orienting magnetic field using a beam of light or a magnetic field for recording by change of magnetisation and a beam of light for reproducing, i.e. magneto-optical, e.g. light-induced thermomagnetic recording, spin magnetisation recording, Kerr or Faraday effect reproducing
    • G11B11/10532—Heads
    • G11B11/10534—Heads for recording by magnetising, demagnetising or transfer of magnetisation, by radiation, e.g. for thermomagnetic recording
    • G11B11/10539—Heads for recording by magnetising, demagnetising or transfer of magnetisation, by radiation, e.g. for thermomagnetic recording using electromagnetic beams, e.g. polarised light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of optics and more particularly to the enhanced transmission of light through a surface structure, such as a metal film, with at least one miniature subwavelength through hole or aperture.
  • a surface structure such as a metal film
  • SPPs surface plasmon polaritons
  • electromagnetic surface waves existing at the interface between a dielectric and a metal are particularly sensitive to tiny variations in their local electronic environments. This creates new opportunities and applications for photonics (see [2]) by simply texturing a metal surface.
  • metal films structured with two dimensional subwavelength hole arrays present remarkable properties such as the so- called “extraordinary optical transmission” (EOT) which is a clear signature of SPP-light interaction (see [3 - 5]).
  • EOT extraordinary optical transmission
  • Linear birefringence is absolutely central in optics since it allows full control of the state of polarisation (SOP) of light without absorption.
  • the aim of the present invention is to propose a simple miniature device which allows to convert and tailor the state of polarisation (SOP) of light, without any loss of light coherence. Therefore, in accordance with the invention, a device for modifying and controlling the state, of polarisation of light is proposed.
  • SOP state of polarisation
  • Said device comprises a light impervious surface structure provided with at least one through hole or aperture and with a surface topography comprising one or several surface features which are arranged periodically or quasi-periodically around said hole or aperture or around each of said holes or apertures and designed to interact in a resonant manner with the transmitted light.
  • Said device is characterised in that the surface topography around the or each hole consists of a grating selected among elliptical and chiral gratings.
  • the invention relies on a modified version of a circular nano-aperture surrounded by periodic circular corrugations, also known as a "bull's eye” structure (see [10]).
  • a circular nano-aperture surrounded by periodic circular corrugations also known as a "bull's eye” structure (see [10]).
  • Such an optical grating acts as a miniature antenna presenting huge EOT for optical wavelength inside a narrow band centered on the SPP resonance (see also [11]).
  • the specificity of the claimed device is its unique ability to control the SOP of the electromagnetic field going through the aperture. This is achieved by introducing a well defined eccentricity in the grating geometry which in turn modifies the phase of the excited SPP and consequently the polarisation of the transmitted light.
  • the inventors have found that one can actually use the shape of the grating surrounding the central aperture to tailor and fully control the SOP of the electromagnetic field going through the associated aperture.
  • the invention relies essentially on the grating conversion of light into SPP (and back) and not on the properties of localised electromagnetic modes in the aperture or hole to change the SOP of the transmitted light.
  • the device is such that it comprises one subwavelength through hole or aperture of circular shape, that the light impervious surface structure is made of metal and that the surface feature(s) consist(s) of (a) depressed feature(s) like (a) corrugation(s) or groove(s) milled into the surface structure or of (a) raised feature(s) like (a) rib(s) formed on the surface structure and defining (a) groove(s) between them.
  • the present invention encompasses two embodiments of the resonant device, each adapted to a specific way of controlling the state of polarisation of light, namely a first embodiment based on an elliptical grating and a second embodiment based on a chiral grating. .
  • the invention will be better understood thanks to the following description and drawings of different embodiments of said invention given as non limitative examples thereof.
  • Fig. l(a) is a microscopy image of a practical realisation of the first embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. l(b) shows comparative [Intensity vs. Wavelength] curves obtained with the device of Fig. l(a) and by theoretical prediction based on 2D dipoles model;
  • Fig. 2(a) is a schematical representation of the optical polarisation tomography setup used by the inventors;
  • Fib. 2(b) is an image provided by the camera of Fig. 2(a) when using the inventive device of Fig. l(a);
  • Fig. 2(c) is a cross cut of the intensity profile along the dotted line of Fig. 2(b);
  • Fig. 3 (a) represents [Intensity vs. angle] curves as results of the SOP analysis of the output beam of the device of Fig. l(a) for a linearly polarised input beam;
  • Fig. 3(b) represents the image of the input Poincare sphere through the transformation by the Mueller matrix of the device of Fig. l(a);
  • Fig. 4(a) represents microscopy images of left (L) and right (R) handed chiral surface topographies of two surface structures of devices according to the second embodiment of the invention;
  • Fig. 4(b) shows [Intensity vs. Wavelength] curves of the chiral topographies of the surface structures of Fig. 4(a);
  • Fig. 5 shows [Intensity vs. angle] curves as results of the SOP analysis of the output beam of the chiral surface structures of Fig. 4(a) for an input light with variable linear polarisation;
  • Fig. 6 is a representation of the same type than Fig. 3(b) in relation to the devices of Fig. 4(a).
  • n is the length of the long axis
  • b n is the length of the short axis
  • n is an integer varying from 1 to the maximum number of elliptical grooves of the surface topography
  • m is a number greater than 0
  • P is the period of the grating, the value of which is close to the wavelength of the incident - A - light to be treated, more particularly equal to the surface plasmon polaritons wavelength for the considered light wavelength.
  • Two especially advantageous practical realisations of this first embodiment consist of a half-wave plate which rotates the plane of polarisation and of a quarter wave-plate which converts linear polarised light into a circular one, the combination of the two enabling a complete exploration of all polarisation states.
  • the hole diameter is 260 nm and the grooves width and depth are 370 and 80 nm respectively.
  • P 760 nm is the period of the grating (which equals the SPP wavelength ⁇ SPP for a laser excitation at 785 nm (see (15]) and n is an integer going from 1 to 8 (see Fig. l(a)).
  • Fig. l(b) Also shown in Fig. l(b) is the transmission spectra of the structure with a resonant peak at ⁇ ⁇ 777 nm.
  • the measured extraordinary transmission efficiency (larger than 1) is a direct signature of the involvement of SPP.
  • the choice for the grating symmetry can be justified on theoretical grounds.
  • the grooves were discretised into a sum of point dipoles P M proportional to the local electric field at M. Each dipole is excited coherently by the light impinging normal to the metal film and SPPs are launched in the direction of the central nanohole where they excite an in-plane radiating dipole (see [16]).
  • the principle of the inventive device can be illustrated by considering only the point dipoles located along the short and long axes of the ellipses.
  • the coupling between the incident light and SPPs depends on the cosine of the angle w between the radial vector MO and P M (Fig. l(a)). It means that if the incident linear polarisation is switched from a direction parallel to the x axis to a direction parallel to the y axis then the radiating central dipole will change from ⁇ ic (where ⁇ is a constant) to e l ⁇ /2 ⁇ j> .
  • the intensity is thus defined by taking the maximum of the Airy spot shown on Fig. 2(b).
  • SOP of light is prepared and analysed with half wave plates, quarter wave plates, and polarisers located before and after the objectives (see [21] to [23]).
  • the isotropy of the bare setup was checked by measuring the Mueller matrix M with a glass substrate.
  • M ⁇ is practically identical to the identity matrix / with individual elements deviating from it by no more than 0.02. It implies that the optical setup does not induce depolarisation and that consequently it can be relied on the used measurement procedure for obtaining M.
  • Optical depolarisation i.e., losses in polarisation coherence
  • the incident illumination spot size on the sample was varied between 2 and 20 ⁇ m without affecting the matrix, i.e., without introducing additional depolarisation.
  • the matrix Af xp ' exhibits several interesting symmetrical features which relate to the polarisation properties of the device.
  • p and ⁇ measure respectively the relative dichroism (i.e. the relative absorption) and the birefringence of this biaxial 2D medium.
  • the Mueller matrix predicted by the 2D dipole model can be numerically calculated: f 1.000 0.089 0.000 0.000 ⁇
  • JVl 2D 0.000 ⁇ ooo 0.000 0.446 -0.890 (3)
  • the operator M *xp ⁇ defines a geometrical transformation connecting this Poincare sphere to an output surface with a characteristic radius D(hf xp ).
  • this angle measures directly the inclination of the output circle shown on Fig. 3(b).
  • the grating forming the surface topography of the device can also be of a chiral type and the groove forming said grating can have the shape of an Archimed spiral defined by the polar formula:
  • P P x ⁇ /2 ⁇ , where P is the period of the spiral, the value of which is close to the wavelength of the incident light to be treated, more particularly equal to the surface plasmon polaritons wavelength for the considered light wavelength.
  • Such surface structures can be called "Archimedian bull's eye”.
  • the period P of the spiral is chosen so that efficient [SPP to light] and [light to SPP] couplings are achieved.
  • the hole diameter is 270 ⁇ m and the grooves width and depth are 280 and 80 nm respectively.
  • Fig. 4(a) two enantiomers of the same system are shown.
  • the left (L) and right (R) handed spirals are obtained after application of an in plane mirror symmetry relatively to the y axis.
  • Fig. 4(b) the light transmission spectra through the L and R Archimedian bull's eye structures (was recorded). It shows that the systems are acting like resonant antennas.
  • the surface topography mentioned hereinbefore in relation to any of the two embodiments is located on the side of the entry opening of the hole of the surface structure, be it an elliptical grating (first embodiment) or a chiral grating (second embodiment).
  • the surface feature(s) (groove(s), rib(s)) of the surface topography of the inventive device can show, as represented on Fig. l(a) and on Fig.
  • discontinuous structure(s) wherein the chiral feature or each elliptical feature is composed of segments or portions which are shaped and arranged in order to follow, at least roughly in shape, the general configuration of the concerned feature (ellipse, spirale).
  • a second surface topography can be provided on the surface structure and located on the side of the exit opening of the hole of the surface structure (not shown).
  • This possible second surface topography can allow to apply an additional treatment to the transmitted light, for example a controlled directionality and optical divergence to the emitted or transmitted light (see for example WO-A-03/019243).
  • the SPP control over the polarisation provided by the device according to the invention has many possible applications in photonics and in information technology.
  • the present invention also encompasses, among other applications, a detector unit, a display unit and a read/write head for opto- magnetic data storage media, each of which comprises at least one device as described before, using advantageously the advantageous properties of the claimed device in any of its embodiments.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif pour modifier et/ou commander l'état de polarisation d'une lumière, ledit dispositif comportant une structure de surface imperméable à la lumière pourvue d'au moins un trou traversant ou d'une ouverture et ayant une topographie de surface comportant un ou plusieurs éléments de surface qui sont disposés de façon périodique ou quasi-périodique autour dudit trou ou de ladite ouverture ou autour de chacun desdits trous ou de chacune desdites ouvertures, et conçus pour interagir d'une façon résonante avec la lumière transmise. Le dispositif est caractérisé par le fait que la topographie de surface autour du trou ou de chaque trou est constituée par un réseau sélectionné parmi des réseaux elliptiques et chiraux.
PCT/IB2009/000235 2008-01-09 2009-01-09 Dispositif pour modifier et/ou commander l'état de polarisation d'une lumière WO2009087573A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US1049408P 2008-01-09 2008-01-09
US61/010,494 2008-01-09

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4712881A (en) * 1985-06-21 1987-12-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Birefringent artificial dielectric structures
EP1128372A2 (fr) * 2000-02-28 2001-08-29 NEC Research Institute, Inc. Têtes de lecture/écriture à plasmon de surface renforcé pour supports d'enregistrement optique de données
JP2004127389A (ja) * 2002-09-30 2004-04-22 Toshiba Corp 記録／再生ヘッド及び記録／再生装置
US20040190116A1 (en) * 2001-08-31 2004-09-30 Lezec Henri Joseph Optical transmission apparatus with directionality and divergence control
US20050161589A1 (en) * 2003-12-05 2005-07-28 University Of Pittsburgh Metallic nano-optic lenses and beam shaping devices
WO2008075763A1 (fr) * 2006-12-20 2008-06-26 Nec Corporation Répartiteur de lumière

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4712881A (en) * 1985-06-21 1987-12-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Birefringent artificial dielectric structures
EP1128372A2 (fr) * 2000-02-28 2001-08-29 NEC Research Institute, Inc. Têtes de lecture/écriture à plasmon de surface renforcé pour supports d'enregistrement optique de données
US20040190116A1 (en) * 2001-08-31 2004-09-30 Lezec Henri Joseph Optical transmission apparatus with directionality and divergence control
JP2004127389A (ja) * 2002-09-30 2004-04-22 Toshiba Corp 記録／再生ヘッド及び記録／再生装置
US20050161589A1 (en) * 2003-12-05 2005-07-28 University Of Pittsburgh Metallic nano-optic lenses and beam shaping devices
WO2008075763A1 (fr) * 2006-12-20 2008-06-26 Nec Corporation Répartiteur de lumière

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
EBBESEN, THOMAS ET. AL.: "Miniature Plasmonic Wave Plates", PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, vol. 101, no. 043902, 25 July 2008 (2008-07-25), pages 1 - 4, XP002527467 *

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