WO2009082672A1 - Système de renforcement interne du sable et du sol - Google Patents

Système de renforcement interne du sable et du sol Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009082672A1
WO2009082672A1 PCT/US2008/087448 US2008087448W WO2009082672A1 WO 2009082672 A1 WO2009082672 A1 WO 2009082672A1 US 2008087448 W US2008087448 W US 2008087448W WO 2009082672 A1 WO2009082672 A1 WO 2009082672A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
panel
side panel
module
refractor
modules
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2008/087448
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Oskar Heinrich Klenert
Original Assignee
Earth Protection Systems, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Earth Protection Systems, Inc. filed Critical Earth Protection Systems, Inc.
Publication of WO2009082672A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009082672A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
    • E04C1/395—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra for claustra, fences, planting walls, e.g. sound-absorbing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/025—Retaining or protecting walls made up of similar modular elements stacked without mortar

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to systems designed to reinforce the inherent structural characteristics of a body of sand or soil to assist in the resistance against erosive action. More particularly, the present invention relates to modular structures that may be selectable configured to conform with the geography, geology and contour of the location where the sand or soil to be reinforced exists.
  • the present invention may be arranged as a plurality of modules establishing a multi-tiered system that when buried or otherwise integrated with the sand/soil, increases the tensile strength of the sand/soil strata, which would otherwise be weakened by super saturation, hydrostatic pressure, movement, shaking and/or shifting/sloughing by the dynamic forces of water, wind and/or earth tremors.
  • the '891 patent describes an earth retaining system forming what is generally perceived as a wall constructed of a plurality of pre-cast concrete blocks with fill spaces.
  • the wall requires assembly in place, with individually blocks joined and secured with shear and alignment pins, which shear and alignment pins may be coated with a protective non-metallic material, such as neoprene.
  • the system of the '891 patent required off-site manufacturing of the wall components and then shipment of the components to the site of interest for placement, thereby requiring heavy construction machinery.
  • the wall is intended to be arranged to create a terrace-type infrastructure, which is buried or can remain uncovered.
  • the structural stability of the '891 patented system is derived primarily by the mass of concrete of each block consisting of a front panel and side panels. It has been determined that there are limitations of design associated with the use of heavy concrete blocks fabricated and arranged in the manner described in the '891 patent.
  • the individual blocks of the prior system when aligned side by side, are limited in the formation of a curve such that gaps between individual blocks cannot be avoided while also establishing the required curvature. These gaps, created between the vertical side panels of adjacent blocks, result in the washout of sand or soil as water or wind forces pass over and, eventually, through the prior retaining system.
  • the prior system has solid rearward extending side panels, which in conjunction with dead-man anchors provide stability, depending primarily on weight of the block. That arrangement is intended to maintain the system in place under the loading conditions anticipated, but make the system difficult to maneuver in place without substantial moving equipment, which may be difficult to bring to the location requiring the erosion stabilization.
  • the prior system also requires the use of steel rods to anchor the blocks in place to prevent sliding. Sufficient anchoring may not be available, dependent upon the stability and retaining capability of the underlying substrate. Alternatively, it may be necessary to supplement standard anchoring rods with extensions, supplemental footings or the like to reach suitable substrate support, such as underlying bedrock well below the surface where the erosion occurs.
  • sand and soil internal reinforcement system including a plurality of individual modules that, when releasably coupled together in varied combinations through the linking of adjoining flexible slip joints form a multi-tiered, step-up, set- back, staggered and interlocked internal method to reinforce sand/soil against shifting, sloughing and other erosive action caused by water and wind in high energy environments such as coastal beaches and watershed areas which produce large volumes of runoff or in hill sides subject to sliding due to ground water hydrostatic pressure.
  • the system of the present invention functions somewhat like a root system that one might expect from the Attorney Docket EPS-OOlPCT
  • the modules of the system of the present invention are in a selectable geometric form, such as an open rectangular shape, for example, when viewed from above.
  • the module includes a cell body and a refractor panel.
  • the cell body includes a front panel, rearward extending side walls, and a ballast and anchor membrane, slightly raised above the bottom of the vertical components of the cell.
  • the cell body is open on the top so that fill may be placed on top of the ballast and anchor membrane to provide structural stability for each individual cell module independent of other adjoining cell modules.
  • the refractor panel may be removably or permanently affixed to the front panel of the cell body.
  • the side walls of each cell are configured to establish interface joints between adjacent cells.
  • the interface joints established eliminate the need to use shear and alignment pins to secure adjacent cells together. Cells may be easily joined and separated due to the interface joints of the present invention.
  • one of the two side walls of the cell body include a slip- type joint component and a protruding extension with a flat bottom and tapered surface.
  • the opposing side wall includes an opening generally corresponding in configuration to the configuration of the protruding extension such that adjacent cell modules will fit together.
  • Each cell of the module is loaded with sand/soil fill placed on top of the ballast and anchor membrane and is anchored against sliding by, in addition the interface between adjacent cells, the ballast fill passing through an opening in the center of the ballast membrane to form a solid vertical column of sand/soil.
  • the modules may be combined in a multi-row setback, staggered stacked formation through interlocking placement at a bottom center point of the front panel of each upper cell into top alignment notches of the side panels of two adjoining lower cells.
  • the stress of weight of the upper cell is distributed over the top of the underlying cells by both the interlocking portion of the front panel and also the underside of the soil ballast membrane.
  • the reinforcement system of the present invention comprising a plurality of the modules is set in place by burying it inside the toe of a coastal bank, dune, cliff or bluff. Its primary function is to provide a second line of defense during severe coastal storms or intense precipitation generating large amounts of runoff. Unlike any other system used to address erosion problems, the present invention, after it becomes partially or fully exposed during a severe wave attack, has the ability to dissipate the wave energy and decelerate the velocity of the moving mass of water. Specifically, one or more setback rows of a plurality of modules shear the volume of water pushed by an incoming wave into one or more horizontal layers depending on the height of the wave.
  • the dynamic energy of the moving mass of water is divided as it reaches the refractor panels of each module of a multi-tiered, step-up, set-back and interlocked system of the present invention, with the dividing events separated by microseconds.
  • the shear planes themselves dissipate energy due to the friction generated.
  • the volume of water between the shear planes after making contact with the refractor panels of the modules of the lowest row of the reinforcement system is lifted upward by the configuration of the refractor panel, which in an embodiment is backward inclined and recessed.
  • the underside of the wave shear bar located at the top of the refractor panel, reverses the flow of the water, pushing it into the underside of the upper flowing mass of water between the shear planes, effectively dissipating the dynamic energy by decelerating the wave velocity.
  • the remaining scouring forces are directed upward and sideways away from the dune or upland, which are protected by the system.
  • the turbulence created by the sudden stoppage of the moving mass of water occurs in mid air, effectively dissipating the scouring forces, minimizing the wave return velocity and preventing bottom scour.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view of a module of the reinforcement system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the module of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a first side view of the module of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a second side view of the module of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross sectional front view of the module of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross sectional side view of the module of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross sectional partial front view of an intermodular interface of the reinforcement system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a plan view of a combination of interlocked modules of the reinforcement system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the reinforcement system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a front view of the reinforcement system of FIG. 9.
  • FIG. 11 is a side view of a second embodiment of the reinforcement system of the present invention.
  • the present invention is a sand and/or soil internal reinforcement system as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
  • the reinforcement system is a combination of individual modules that may be combined to form an interlocked and terraced arrangement of selectable configuration to internally reinforce sand and soils in coastal banks, dunes, beach berms, cliffs, bluffs, dikes, levees, and to effectively mitigate erosion caused by wave action, wind forces, hydrostatic pressure, super saturation and liquefaction,
  • An important aspect of the invention is the configuration of a module 10 shown in FIGS. 1-6.
  • the module 10 includes a cell body with a front panel 12, a first side panel 14, a second side panel 16 and a bottom ballast and anchor membrane 18.
  • the first side panel 14 and the second side panel 16 extend rearward from the front panel 12 and may be formed integrally with the front panel 12 or by separate components removably or permanently affixed to the front panel 12. Further, the first side panel 14 and the second Attorney Docket EPS-OO 1 PCT 4 4 8 8 8
  • side panel 16 each include a top and a bottom areas of both the first side panel 14 and the second side panel 16 are joined together by the ballast and anchor membrane 18. They may be removably or permanently joined to the membrane 18.
  • One or more of the front panel 12, the first side panel 14, the second side panel 16 and the membrane 18 may be formed as a unitary structure or as individual structures joined together.
  • the module 10 further includes a refractor panel 12a that is permanently or removably joined to the front panel 12 of the module 10.
  • the refractor panel 12a may extend above and cover a top portion of the front panel 12.
  • an upper region of the refractor panel 12a is a flange that is positioned on an upper forward surface of the front panel 12.
  • the upper flange of the refractor panel 12a may extend rearwardly along the upper forward surface of the front panel 12 a selectable distance.
  • the refractor panel 12a may be added to or removed from the cell of the module 10 as desired prior to module fill.
  • the refractor panel 12a may be a separate structure to the cell body or it may be fabricated integrally therewith.
  • the refractor panel 12a includes one or more angled recesses 13.
  • the recesses 13 are preferably angled rearwardly from a perimeter frame of the refractor panel 12a, with the recess deeper at the upper portion of the refractor panel 12a than at the lower portion of the refractor panel 12a. This arrangement enhances wave shearing action upon first contact of a wave or other erosive actor so as to dissipate the energy of that action upon initial contact with the module 10.
  • the refractor panel 12a may further include an anti-scouring Up 15 at a lower portion thereof. The anti-scouring lip reduces the scouring effect of particulates that may be entrained in the fluid impacting the cell module 10.
  • the refractor panel 12a further includes beveled edges to redirect scouring forces in an upward and sideway direction.
  • the refractor panel 12a may optionally be coated with a friction-reducing coating selected to resist scouring forces and atmospheric corrosive elements.
  • the cell and the refractor panel 12a of the module 10 may be fabricated of the same non-metallic material, such as a polymeric material.
  • the refractor panel 12a may be coated to reduce the roughness coefficient of its surface so that scouring of that surface may be minimized.
  • the cell may be an uncoated structure having a roughness coefficient approximating that of sand but not restricted thereto.
  • Each of the first side panel 14 and the second side panel 16 includes a notch 20 at the top areas thereof and footings 21 at the bottom areas thereof.
  • the notches 20 are adapted to accept in an interlocking manner bottom flange 22 of the front panel 12 substantially centered thereat. In this way, one cell module may be removably positioned on top of a pair of other cell modules by inserting the bottom flange 22 into adjacent notches 20.
  • the location of the notches 20 front to back on top of the side panels 14/16 is determined by the characteristics of the substrate to be retained and stabilized by the module 10.
  • Those characteristics include, but are not limited to, the shear stress of the substrate pressing against internal surface 24 of the front panel 12 when in position, and also the existing slope gradient of the coastal bank, dune or cliff at the stabilization location of interest.
  • the angle of repose of a particular set of modules 10 is defined by differing locations of the notches 20. That angle of repose is preferably selected to parallel the angle of repose of the particular soil type to be reinforced. In effect, the selected angle of repose is chosen to negate loading forces directed against the internal surface 24 of the front panel 12.
  • the first side panel 14 includes a receiving port 26 that may be configured as a half-round tapered opening with a flat bottom.
  • the second side panel 16 includes an interface protrusion 28 that is configured to correspond in design to the receiving port 26 of the first side panel 14 such that it fits within the receiving port 26 but with a loose fit between the two to allow for movement of one module in relation to an adjacent module without the interface protrusion 28 and the receiving port 26 completely separating from Attorney Docket EPS-OOlPCT
  • the dimensions of the receiving port 26 may be greater than the dimensions of the protrusion 28.
  • the interface protrusion 28 is a half-round tapered extension with a flat bottom.
  • the protrusion 28 of one module is inserted into the receiving port 26 of the other.
  • Those two components of the module 10 are fabricated with sufficient difference in the respective dimensions of the protrusion 28 and the receiving port 26 that one module 10 may be angled with respect to the other without the protrusion 28 of that module being completely spaced away from the receiving port 26 of the other module.
  • the flexible joint established in this manner secures adjacent modules together without the need for any additional coupling devices including, for example, the shear and alignment pins of the prior system described herein.
  • the flexible joint established by the interface of the receiving port 26 of one module 10 with the protrusion 28 of an adjacent module 10 accounts not only for horizontal deflections of a system of modules, but also for vertical deflections, such as uplifts, as well. Further, and more specifically, the flat bottoms of the receiving ports 26 and the protrusions 28 establish both vertical and horizontal alignment of adjoining modules.
  • One or more of the side panels 14/16, front panel 12, and membrane 18 include reinforcement ribs and/or supporting cleats to equalize the dead weight of the fill and prevent side panels 14/16 from deforming.
  • the reinforcement ribs associated with the side panels 14/16 also minimize or eliminate splaying of those panels during the fill operation, and further function as anchor elements to prevent forward and/or backward sliding of the cell body after embedment in sand or soil. Examples are shown in FIGS. 2 and 7 of a reinforcement rib 31 and a support cleat 33 for the side panels 14/16.
  • An example of a front panel reinforcement rib 35 is shown in FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a row of three modules adjacent to one another.
  • Center module 40 has a first alignment
  • second module 42 has a second alignment
  • third module 44 has a third alignment, wherein each alignment is distinct Attorney Docket EPS-OOlPCT
  • the second module 42 is angled slightly forward with respect to the center module 40 and the third module 44 is angled in a more pronounced manner but in a rearward direction from the center module 40.
  • first module interface 46 established by the joining of the protrusion 28 of the center module 40 and the port 26 of the second module 42 exists, but the protrusion 28 of the center module 40 extends at an angle slightly outwardly from the port 26 of the second module 42 at the rear thereof.
  • a gap thus exists between the center module 40 and the second module 42, but at the rear of the row of modules.
  • second module interface 48 established by the joining of the protrusion 28 of the third module 44 and the port 26 of the center module 40 exists, but the protrusion 28 of the third module 44 extends at an angle slightly outwardly from the port 26 of the center module 40 at the front thereof.
  • a gap thus exists between the center module 40 and the third module 44, but at the front of the row of modules.
  • the bottom ballast membrane 18 illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 8 includes a cutaway section 19 and fill opening 30.
  • the cutaway section 19 and the fill opening 30 allow for fill to pass around and under the module 10 so as to enhance anchorage of the module 10 in the location of interest.
  • the membrane 18 may be fabricated of any material considered to be suitable for the intended purpose including, but not limited to, a non-metallic material.
  • the membrane 18 itself may be solid or porous but should be of sufficient strength to maintain the spacing between the first side panel 14 and the second side panel 16.
  • the inner space of the cell module 10 defined by the arrangement of the front panel 12, the first side panel 14, the second side panel 16 and the membrane 18 may be partially or completely filled with sand/soil to provide enough ballast to the cell module 10 so that it becomes substantially immovable once positioned where desired.
  • the cell module 10 may be fabricated of high strength geo-synthetic polymer or similar non-metallic material, provided it is sufficiently resistive to atmospheric corrosive elements.
  • the use of a non-metallic material provides sufficient strength of the structure while maintaining relatively lightweight.
  • the cell module 10 derives its stability mainly from the fill placed on the ballast membrane 18 rather than from the structure itself, which was a limitation of the prior stabilization devices.
  • a terraced-type soil and sand internal reinforcement system is established, such as system 200 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 in a two-tier arrangement, and as system 300 in FIG. 1 1 in a four-tier arrangement.
  • an anchor tier 100 is first positioned below existing grade 110 and each cell module thereof filled.
  • a second tier 120 is then positioned set back on the anchor tier 100, with the bottom flanges 22 of the front panels 12 inserted into the notches 20 of the side panels 14/16 of the cell modules of the anchor tier 100.
  • the cell modules of the second tier 120 are filled and a third tier 130 is then positioned set back on the second tier 120, with the bottom flanges 22 of the front panels 12 inserted into the notches 20 of the side panels 14/16 of the cell modules of the second tier 120.
  • the cell modules of the third tier 130 are filled and a fourth tier 140 is then positioned set back on the third tier 130, with the bottom flanges 22 of the front panels 12 inserted into the notches 20 of the side panels 14/16 of the third tier 130. Finally, the cell modules of the fourth tier 140 are filled and the surrounding sand/soil graded as desired.
  • FIGS. 9-11 represent examples
  • the tiered arrangement of cell modules of the present invention create a sand and/or soil internal reinforcement system that increases the effective tensile strength of the sand/soil and that can be formed without the need for heavy moving equipment.
  • the system has the capacity to be Attorney Docket EPS-OOlPCT
  • the cell modules may be configured and arranged such that at no point within the vertical rise of the multi-tiered reinforcement system does the hydrostatic pressure exceed one pound per square inch, regardless of the number of tiers.
  • the horizontal tiers may be extended selectively to widen the overall footprint of the system so that the energy of plunging- type waves is uniformly absorbed by the mass of sand/soil where the system is located.
  • the reinforcement system also forms horizontal terraces, which after exposure by wave or wind action, may remain uncovered and is thereby suitable to establish separate planter boxes for native coastal vegetation.
  • the arrangement of the multi-tiered reinforcement system upon exposure after aggressive wave action, can be traversed by pedestrians without difficulty.
  • the present invention is advantageous in that the modules may be arranged at angles with respect to one another such that curved and other complex shapes of the reinforcement system may be created, particularly to conform with the condition of the environment where the internal reinforcement is required.
  • the modules are lightweight and can therefore be manually transported and set in place. They do not require additional coupling components to establish a multi-tiered reinforcement system such as, but not limited to, coated shear pins for alignment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de renforcement interne du sable et du sol comprenant une pluralité de modules individuels pouvant être raccordés de façon amovible ensemble pour agir afin de renforcer le sable et/ou le sol vis-à-vis d'un déplacement provoqué par les forces d'érosion telles que l'eau et le vent dans les environnements à énergie élevée tels que les plages du littoral et les zones de partage des eaux qui produisent des volumes importants d'eau de ruissellement ou sur les flancs de colline soumis à un glissement dû à la pression hydrostatique de l'eau contenue dans le sol. Les modules comprennent une cellule comportant un panneau avant, des parois latérales s'étendant vers l'arrière qui sont maintenues ensemble par un leste de sol ouvert et une membrane d'ancrage, et un panneau réfractaire. Le remblai placé par-dessus le leste et la membrane d'ancrage assure une stabilité structurelle à chaque module individuel indépendant des autres modules adjacents du système de renforcement. L'interface établie entre les modules adjacents ne nécessite pas de dispositifs de couplage supplémentaires, tels que des boulons de cisaillement et des broches d'alignement, pour les fixer fermement les uns aux autres.
PCT/US2008/087448 2007-12-20 2008-12-18 Système de renforcement interne du sable et du sol WO2009082672A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US859707P 2007-12-20 2007-12-20
US61/008,597 2007-12-20
US12/243,074 US20090162147A1 (en) 2007-12-20 2008-10-01 Sand and soil internal reinforcement system
US12/243,074 2008-10-01

Publications (1)

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WO2009082672A1 true WO2009082672A1 (fr) 2009-07-02

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WO (1) WO2009082672A1 (fr)

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US11149402B2 (en) * 2016-03-02 2021-10-19 Evergreen Walls, Inc. Building elements for making retaining walls, and systems and methods of using same
US10273648B2 (en) * 2016-03-02 2019-04-30 Evergreen Walls, Inc. Building elements for making retaining walls, and systems and methods of using same
CN110258659B (zh) * 2019-06-19 2024-03-12 中国石油工程建设有限公司 海底管道登陆段间隔式土体抗液化能力提升装置及方法
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