WO2009082251A1

WO2009082251A1 - The gravitational engine

Info

Publication number: WO2009082251A1
Application number: PCT/RS2007/000021
Authority: WO
Inventors: Velizar Vukosavljevic
Original assignee: Velizar Vukosavljevic
Priority date: 2007-12-25
Filing date: 2007-12-28
Publication date: 2009-07-02
Also published as: RS20070500A

Abstract

The present invention relates to the gravitational engine that consists of a longitudinally grooved cylinder with diameter D and length L herewith easily revolving around its axis, whose vertical half has been immersed into a liquid filled vessel, imposing forces by means of hydrostatic liquid pressure, producing therewith a rotational moment to generate rotation of the grooved cylinder. The rotation will hold to a still when the liquid level falls down to its minimum (Table 2/5). In order for the steadfast rotational moment, as a result of the gravitational force, to be permanently fixed enabling thus its transformation into another form of energy, a brand new kind of hydro-power machine is constructed, named GRAVITATIONAL ENGINE (Table 4/5), which enables a constant operation of the rotational moment, as well as the rotation of the grooved cylinder and simultaneously preventing leakage of liquid from the vessel- reservoir. When thus obtained steadfast rotational moment is reduced due to operation of sliding-friction resistance, rolling motion and resistance of inertia forces and liquid friction forces, due to the motion of blades through the liquid, a significant quantity of inexpensive and ecologically pure energy will be obtained, which will grow with the third power of increase of the cylinder-rotor diameter D oft the GRAVITATIONAL ENGINE.

Description

THE GRAVITATIONAL ENGINE

DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION FIELD OF TECHNICS This invention belongs to the field of machines-plants for power production. The Gravitational Engine transforms the power of gravitation by means of liquid in a form of power suitable for wide use, namely, it can be put among hydraulic machines like: different hydraulic turbines, water circuits, and similar.

TECHNICAL PROBLEM

The procedures and plants for harnessing energy known up to now and widely used are: hydraulic power, heat-power and atomic-power plants for energy transformation. All up to now known procedures and plants for production of power have two main disadvantages: high price of obtaining energy and constant ecological pollution at the forbidden degree for our planet respectively the human's environment.

The application of this invention can solve the both existing problems i.e. by using The Gravitational Engine is possible to produce a cheap and ecologically completely pure energy.

LEVEL OF TECHNICS Today known procedures, machines and plants for production of hydraulic power are various kinds of hydraulic turbines known as: Francis's turbine, Peliton's turbine, Kaplan's turbine, etc. as well as other kinds of water circuits. The common characteristics of the said turbines are that they use for their drive velocity power of the water current or a potential power of the liquid position which further gets transformed in velocity and flow. Its disadvantage is depending on resources - it is limited and the price of power is high.

IMPOTRANT FEATURES OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem of the production of ecologically pure and cheap power is solved by an original structure of The Gravitational Engine whose operation is based on basic laws of physics, hydraulics and hydromechanics. As a drive it uses a force generated from the pressure of liquid which is a consequence of the gravitational force action. It differs from all up to now known hydraulic machines for production of power because it directly transfers the energy of liquid pressure on walls of the vessel, where it is placed, directly into a mechanical operation respectively torque of the rotor

- l - Axle and power of machine, using gravitational force as the source of energy. Generation of cheap and pure power is in this way possible in unlimited quantities and duration of time without geographical, climate or any other limitations regarding the conditions which domain on our planet.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION

THE GRAVITATIONAL ENGINE - OPERATION PRINCIPLE

The operation principle of the machine can be explained in the following way: If the cylinder body (roll) of diameter "D" and length "L" is plunged into liquid partially, as shown in the chart No. 1/5 so that the vertical plane which passes through the rotation axis of the cylinder divides the plunged half of the cylinder from the other half in air (using a suitable gasket to prevent leaking of liquid) and for this case we analyze forces and moments which act upon the plunged cylinder, we can bring the following conclusions: - The plunged part of the cylinder will be affected by a vertical force - upward thrust - which according to Archimede's Law depend on volume of body plunged into liquid and the kind of liquid namely its specific gravity (density), and - horizontal force which depends on projection of the body surface plunged into liquid in vertical plane and hydrostatic pressure of liquid column D/2 high (in the center of gravity area) in which the cylinder is partially plunged. The characteristic of the cylinder plunged into liquid in such a way is that the horizontal and vertical forces, regarding their value and position of acting points, give the resultant which always passes through the cylinder rotation axis so that the rotation moment for cylinder body is always equal zero (M=O). If we now groove the same cylinder of the diameter "D" and length "L" so that it acquires a shape of a specific pinion, like the one shown on chart No. 2/5 and thus grooved cylinder partially plunge into liquid that the vertical plane which passes through the cylinder rotation axis can divide the plunged from the non plunged part of cylinder, leaking of liquid across the diameter "D" of the cylinder is suitably prevented. Analyzing the forces and moments by which the liquid affects the surfaces of the partially plunged and grooved cylinder, we come to the following conclusions:

Like with the non grooved cylinder, acting of liquid causes the resulting vertical force equal the product of the volume of the grooved cylinder plunged into liquid and specific gravity (density) of liquid. As a volume of the grooved cylinder is considerably reduced (approx. 40%) in relation to the non grooved cylinder, vertical force will be also reduced in the same proportion in relation to the one with the non grooved cylinder. Besides the force, the distance of the center of gravity of the plunged part of cylinder is also shortened from the rotation axis. As far as the resulting horizontal force is concerned, which depends on projection of body surface plunged into liquid in vertical plane and hydrostatic pressure of liquid column D/2 high in the center of gravity of surface, we conclude that it is insignificantly reduced (approx. 3%) in relation to the non grooved cylinder while the value of force and its acting point remained as same as with the non grooved cylinder.

In this way a permanent unbalance between the vertical and horizontal force is achieved and their resultant does not pass through the rotation axis of the grooved cylinder. Therefore, it can always produce torque Mr ≠ 0.

Based on data shown in chart No. 3/5 which gives the cross section of the grooved cylinder, and which is identical to the cross section of the plunged part of The Gravitational Engine rotor, we can calculate force value, their acting points and moments by which the liquid acts upon such shape of a body laterally plunged in it. To calculate the values of vertical and horizontal forces, distances of points acting from the rotation axis to the value of moments, for the shape shown in chart No. 3/5, are as follows:

VERTICAL FORCE:

5 Fv = γ - h - 6 - L - q - g = 0,24405- q - g - L- D² [N] C_x = 0,1782- D [m]

MOMENT DUE TO THE VERTICAL FORCE:

Mv = Fv Cx = 0,043489- q - g- L- D³ [Nm] (Mv - Anti clock wise direction)

HORIZONTAL FORCE:

Fh - A-q-g-- = D-L-q-g-- = --q-g-L-D² [N]

MOMENT DUE TO HORIZONTAL FORCE:

(Mh - clock wise direction)

RESULTING ROTATION MOMENT:

40 MrOt = Mh - Mv = - • q - g- L- D³ - 0,043489- q - g - L - D³ =

Mrot = 0.039844- q - g- L - D³ [Nm]

Thus obtained rotation moment is particularly interesting if we have in mind

The inventor's idea is to use such permanently acting moment in production of cheap and pure energy by rotating the grooved cylinder around its axis and preventing to leak liquid from the reservoir keeping at the same time the constant value of rotation moment and positive energy balance of the machine system operation, is realized through a new energy machine called The Gravitational Engine.

DESCRIPTION OF THE GRAVITATIONAL ENGINE STRUCTURE The assembly drawing of The Gravitational Engine is shown in a drawing No. 4/5 which makes part of the Patent Application. This machine, as marked on the drawing, consists of the following components:

1. Drive wheel - rotor 2. Reservoir of liquid

3. Movable blades interconnected by flexible fixing

4. Outlet hole with lateral flat plates

5. Machine frame

6. Connecting elements of reservoir for frame 7. Distance pieces for frame

8. Inlet hole with lateral flat plates

9. Blades carrying drum

10. Blade tips supporting roll The structure of machine enables an easy mechanical movability - rotation of drive (item 1) and carrying drum (item 9) and movable blades interconnected by their flexible fixing (item 3) along their trajectory which, in shape of endless belt, carry and lead the drive and carrying drum (item 1&9).

The structure of machine is characterized by constructive solutions, sealing materials, quality of some parts machining, accuracy of manufacture and the suitable rigidity of the structure. These features enable minimum leaking and normal functioning of the machine when the reservoir of machine (item 2) is filled with liquid. It is not possible or needed to design the structure of machine which would completely prevent leaking during the operation because the liquid which is continuously leaking out from the assembly of machine pours into a smaller reservoir from which it is further pumped into the reservoir of machine (item 2).

OPERATION - FUNCTION OF THE GRAVITATIONAL ENGINE When the reservoir of machine (item 2) is filled with the suitable liquid, this liquid will act upon the outside surfaces of movable blades (item 3) by its hydrostatic pressure making forces and corresponding moments so that the resulting moment is in clock wise direction. The blades are made of metal sheets and filled inside with air. It is preferable to be waterproof and light. As the moment rises with the level of liquid in the reservoir (item 2) and when it reaches the value which is higher than value of all resistances, the rotor (item 1 & 3) will start in clock wise direction.

By filling the reservoir with liquid (item 2) up to level which overlaps the horizontal tangent of the outside diameter of rotor (item 1 & 3), the rotation moment will achieve maximum value as well as angular velocity of rotor (item 1 & 3) when the total available rotation moment gets equalized with the moment of total resistance to rotation. It should be noted that the machine reservoir with liquid does not stand for and is not the energy source, but it is only the means by which the gravitational energy gets transformed into other-desired mode.

By moving the blades of rotor (item 3) the liquid in reservoir (item 2) begins to move behind, in front and around the blades and mix the liquid and the current flow of liquid in the whole reservoir, see chart No. 5/5. At this moment there is no change of level of liquid in the reservoir (item 2) (pulsing) because the volume of blades (item 3) plunged into liquid, is constant at any moment. To prevent leaking of liquid on outlet holes at the lateral part of the reservoir (item 8 & 4), it is used flat adjustable plate which surface covers in any position max section between two blades interconnected by flexible fixing (item 3). Liquid is prevented from leaking on the outlet hole (item 4), chart No. 5/5 on front of the reservoir by original structure of blades cross section (item 3) as well as the constructive solution of machine which enables, when looking from side, that points which represent axis of blades interconnected by flexible fixing (item 3) move along the given trajectory. On the outlet surfaces of two adjacent blades (item 3) approach each other leaving the liquid which was between them in the reservoir until they touch each other and then pass a smaller distance in such a contact. After that the front one divides its tip from the supporting roll and recoils via the carrying drum (item 9) and the one - which was behind it - supporting its tip on the supporting roll (item 10) and prevents leaking of liquid until the next one has approached and touched its surface. This operation is carried out alternatively; the cycle of retaining the liquid and coming the blades out of the reservoir (item 2) is infinitely repeated. The endless belt of blades (item 3) moves along the given trajectory which shape from the inlet (item 8) to outlet hole (item 4) is a semi-circle line of radius which is equal semi-diameter of the drive drum (item 1), and from the vertical plane which passes through the rotor rotation axis (item 1 & 3) the radius of trajectory gets changed, its center passes to the other side and finds itself in the axis of supporting roll (item 10). The back part of blades (item 3) by which they support on drive(item l)and carrying drum (item 9)has a radius which center is axis of the supporting roll so that the two blades come out from the reservoir at the outlet hole(item 3) with their back and form a part of regular curve. The continual movement of the endless belt of blades (item 3) along its trajectory enable at the same time rotation of the drive (item 1) and carrying drum (item 9) from which axis is taken and used effective energy in form of torque.

MOVEMENT RESISTANCES, EFFECTIVE ENERGY AND THE GRAVITATIONAL ENGINE POWER

The most important question to be answered is: is it possible to achieve in the above said way the effective-useful energy, what are the resistances and losses and power of machine? Based on the elementary laws of physics and basic laws of mathematics, mechanics, and hydraulics, as well as after all experiments and tests, the answer is affirmative, and it definitely is: In this way it is possible to transform the gravitational energy into a desired form of cheap and ecologically clean energy. Again, my answer is "YES", and I am going to explain it as follows: - It is without any question that in energy sense the pressure of liquid is the same category like the velocity and position of liquid - already known from Bernoulli's equations - and if we can obtain energy by using velocity and position of liquid it is clear that we can obtain energy by pressure of liquid. The Gravitational Engine is a completely new kind of hydraulic machine which uses the pressure of liquid for production of energy, without running the liquid out of the reservoir. Hydraulic machines for production of energy known up to now mainly use kinetic energy for starting rotor and the liquid runs out irretrievably, in which it differs from The Gravitational Engine which uses a potential energy - pressure of liquid for starting rotor. Here instead of it the liquid "runs out" the blades of rotor (item 3) and the liquid remains permanently in the reservoir, producing an effect which is analogous to the leaking of liquid. As said above, the calculated value of the resulting rotation moment, by which the liquid acts upon the blades of rotor (item 1 & 3) of The Gravitational, Engine is:

C = Constant to express shape, number, and size of rotor blades (item 3) plunged into liquid at the same time In order to find out whether the rotation moment positive value exists after they were reduced due to action of all rotor movement resistances (item 1 & 3), we will analyze them briefly:

- The total resistance due to mechanical friction of all movable parts of machine can be calculated by applying the usual construction solution, that is: max Mfr = 0,03.Mrot

- Total resistance due to inertial forces of all movable parts of the structure at the optimum working velocity can be also calculated; by using the usual constructive solutions and materials it is 4 - 7% Mrot, thus Min max = 0,07 . Mrot - And, finally, the greatest resistance - the rotor movement resistance (item 1 & 3) of the machine through the liquid in reservoir (item 2) at the optimum working velocity.

The calculated value of the rotation moment (Mrot) represents the RESULTING moment of rotation which includes all forces due to the liquid pressure which acts upon the rotor blades (item 1 & 3) as well as their moments which direction is opposite to direction of the resulting moment of rotation. What was not considered and represents the resistance to movement- rotation, are inertial forces of liquid mass which were started by the motor blades (item 1 & 3) respectively the resulting moment of rotation and friction forces of liquid at the optimum working velocity i.e. revolution number of rotor (item 1 & 3). The value of this resistance can be also calculated, but not enough accurately. The exact calculation of this resistance is possible when the model of this machine is made and certain parameters determined by measuring. The term maximum velocity "Vmax" marks the perimeter velocity of rotor measured along the middle diameter of rotor (item 1 & 3) which passes along the middle height of blades (item 3) which achieves the observed point during the operation of machine in real conditions without load i.e. at which the total produced mechanical operation, namely the power, is consumed on resistances of movement-losses.

The term working velocity "Vw" marks the taken optimum working velocity measured in the same way, which is less than "Vmax".

Vw = (0,5-0,6)Vmax, and during the operation of machine in real conditions it covers all movement resistances of movable parts of machine and gives a significant effective energy expressed in kW, as machine power. Total resistance is Mres = (0,40-0,50) Mrot at working velocity (Vw).

In the analysis of resistance of The Gravitational Engine we usually notice the position of liquid which is right in front of the outlet hole (item 4), between the blades marked on drawing with a) and b), and assume that thus "keyed" liquid may cause undesirable effects to stability of machine operation or to affect and increase resistance to a great extent. By the detailed analysis of this segment which is important for a normal functioning of the machine, we have come to the following conclusions:

- point movement velocity in axis of flexible fixing of blades a) and b) as well as other blades, is constant i.e. always intermedially equal.

- blade tips movement velocity a) and b) from the position of blade b) to the outlet of the reservoir is different; both intermedially and in relation to all blades plunged into liquid. As the mean velocity of the front blade surface b) is less in relation to all other blades behind it in the liquid, it will produce less resistance to rotor movement (item 1 & 3). - As the blade a) moving in direction of rotation makes behind it a free space for liquid, and in front of it does not push liquid, we may say that the volume of space which blades a) and b) make behind them is at any moment larger approx. 1,5 times than the volume of space in which the blade b) pushes the liquid in front of it. The space occupied by the liquid between blades a) and b) and the space occupied by the blade a) alternatively change places. From the said reasons there are no bad effects or increased resistances to the rotor movement, pulsing of level, etc. The process of ejecting the blade b) through the outlet hole of the reservoir (item 4) and the process of recovery of liquid which ejected the blade a) and which is in space between blades a) and b), is carried out simultaneously and continuously with somewhat reduced value of resistance in relation to other blades which are in liquid. By casual observation one can get the impression that the operation of this machine is not in accordance with THE LAW ON CONSERVATION OF ENERGY, because of which I hereby present additional explanation: - The operation mode/function of this or any of her energy generating machine depends on the existence and size of driving force (energy), and if the driving force is constant, larger than all the resistance forces, then the machine mechanism will get started and continually move. At the same time, it will generate effective energy. Obviously, there will be difference in potentials which provides the basic condition for the running of machine and transformation of energy. - For turning energy into other forms The Gravitational Engine uses the same energy which is used and transformed by traditional hydraulic turbines in HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS, the only difference being that present HYDRAULIC TURBINES use and transform kinetic energy of water current with necessary flowing out of liquid, whereas The Gravitational Engine uses and transforms the potential - compressive liquid energy in the aforementioned way, when the liquid moves - creates current within the reservoir, giving the energy to the rotor of the machine, but does not flow out. Kinetic and potential energy in the energy sense are the same, both being the result of gravitational force effect. In both cases the energy source is the force (energy) of gravitation. If there were not for the gravitational force, the vaporized liquid (water), under the heat energy of the Sun, would not return to the Earth, forming rivers, but it would disappear into the atmosphere and cosmos.

Finally, I have to stress out that the energy source used and transformed by the The Gravitational Engine is a real and known force - the energy of gravitation, and not the liquid reservoir as integral part of the machine. The liquid reservoir, together with the machine, is only the means by which transformation of energy is performed, i.e. it presents the working fluid.

LIQUIDS USED BY THE GRAVITATIONAL ENGINE

As a fluid the Hydraulic Gravitational Energy Transformer uses various kinds of liquid like: water, naphtha, oil, liquid metal (mercury), molten lead (lead can be maintained molten by using the machine own energy).

In principle, it is possible to use different kinds of liquid; the effective energy of machine will be the higher the density of the liquid is higher and the velocity smaller. STRUCTURAL SHAPES OF GRAVITATIONAL ENGINE

The structure of machine can be made as one rotor (one belt) on the rotor axle with a reservoir for liquid as shown on chart No. 4/5 or:

- Several belts (rotor disks) with common axle of rotor and common reservoir. - Two or more drive wheels installed one above the other over which would run endless belt of blades (one or more) with one or more axles, and one or more reservoirs for liquid. There are various combinations which can enable cheap price of the machine and high efficiency.

MATERIAL FOR MANUFACTURE OF THE GRAVITATIONAL ENGINES To manufacture this kind of hydraulic machine it is used the usual steel materials, plastic materials, rubber, Teflon and other special materials for sealing. For a frame it is possible to use building materials.

- The materials having small power need steel, aluminum alloys, plastics rubber Teflon and similar machines. - The machines having high power need steel and other metal materials, and for manufacture of reservoir it is possible to use building materials. The reservoirs can be adequately replaced by the existing dams of hydroelectric power plants

- with some minor modifications.

The materials to be chosen for some parts of machine depend on the kind of liquid to be used as a drive fluid - transformer of energy - and its property to corrosion.

MODE OF INDUSTRIAL AND OTHER APPLICATION OF GRAVITATIONAL

ENGINE

The invention is intended for production of cheap and ecologically pure energy mostly for production of electric power by means of electric generator. The Gravitational Engine can be produced as a unit having the power from 1 kW to 1000 MW and more. The units of 1 to 50 kW can be produced in average equipped industrial plants, and the units of 50 kW and more need larger industrial plants with the usual - standard equipment. (See the diagram showing how the power of machine depends on the rotor diameter -D). The production of energy by The Gravitational Engine must be at least 2 (two) times cheaper than today's prices per unit of consumption. In addition to production of basic forms of energy, where it would be used as stationary machine, Hydraulic Gravitational Energy Transformer can be used as a portable machine for drive of transport means, mainly ships. A great advantage of this machine is that the energy is produced at a place of consumption and therefore it excludes the need for the expensive power network.

The author

B. Sc. Mech. Eng. Vukosavljevic Velizar

Claims

Patent Claims

1. The gravitational engine that is hydro energetic machine wherein the gravitational force as the energy source transformed by liquid into mechanical operation i.e. torque on the rotor axle of the gravitational engine and then it transfers in a form of energy.

2. The gravitational engine consists of a machine rotor with a liquid reservoir (2), drive wheel (1) and movable blades (3) interconnected by flexible fixings, an inlet (8) and outlet (4) hole on a reservoir (2), support frame of machine (5) with connecting elements (6,7) of the carrying wheel of blades (9), and supporting roll blade tips (10), wherein the machine can transform hydrostatic pressure of liquid in the reservoir of the machine, that acts upon the blades of rotor, into the torque of rotor, turns it and at the same time enables leaking of liquid of the reservoir and this provides permanent production of energy by the limited quantity of liquid.