WO2009080158A1 - Battery, especially for use in a vehicle - Google Patents

Battery, especially for use in a vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009080158A1
WO2009080158A1 PCT/EP2008/009645 EP2008009645W WO2009080158A1 WO 2009080158 A1 WO2009080158 A1 WO 2009080158A1 EP 2008009645 W EP2008009645 W EP 2008009645W WO 2009080158 A1 WO2009080158 A1 WO 2009080158A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
internal pressure
housing
leaf spring
battery according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2008/009645
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jens Meintschel
Dirk Schröter
Original Assignee
Daimler Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimler Ag filed Critical Daimler Ag
Publication of WO2009080158A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009080158A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K5/00—Casings, cabinets or drawers for electric apparatus
    • H05K5/02—Details
    • H05K5/0213—Venting apertures; Constructional details thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/213—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/325—Re-sealable arrangements comprising deformable valve members, e.g. elastic or flexible valve members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/643—Cylindrical cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a battery, in particular for use in a vehicle, wherein the battery is arranged in a battery housing, to which a device for reducing an internal pressure is arranged, which closes automatically after a reduction in the internal pressure.
  • an electrochemical energy storage cell in particular an accumulator or a double-layer capacitor is known, wherein through the energy storage cell through an open at its two ends core tube is supplied.
  • Conductors can be arranged inside the core tube and gaseous decomposition products emerging from the energy storage cell can be removed via the core tube.
  • cooling of the energy storage cell can take place through the core tube.
  • pressure relief valve can dissipate an overpressure from a closed interior in the core tube. The pressure relief valve can be designed so that it automatically closes after the removal of the overpressure.
  • the electrochemical energy storage cell comprises a section in which the electrochemical cell reaction takes place, a positive pole and a housing, which simultaneously can be formed as a negative pole of the electrochemical energy storage cell.
  • a device detects a gas pressure and a reaction heat. Upon detection of the abnormal reaction, the device permanently interrupts current flow.
  • the electrochemical energy storage cell further comprises an opening, by means of which a gas exchange of
  • Energy storage cell is executable with an environment. After the gas exchange, the opening can be closed by means of a valve.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an improved electrochemical energy storage cell, in particular a battery for use in a vehicle, which is simple and inexpensive to produce.
  • the battery according to the invention which is intended in particular for use in a vehicle, is arranged in a battery housing, on which a device for reducing an internal pressure is arranged, which closes automatically after a reduction in the internal pressure, wherein the device for reducing the internal pressure designed as a leaf spring loaded valve.
  • a device for reducing an internal pressure designed as a leaf spring loaded valve.
  • the leaf spring-loaded valve is formed from a arranged in a housing on a seal leaf spring, wherein the housing is designed to protect the leaf spring with a protective border. Furthermore, the housing is designed to receive the seal with a corresponding recess to the seal. This construction is simple and inexpensive to implement and the design of the housing provides comprehensive protection of the leaf spring from damage.
  • the leaf spring exerts a pressure on the seal, so that in a normal operation of the battery, penetration of particles and moisture is prevented. Thus, further formation of condensation and a resulting corrosion of metallic components and short circuits of single cells of the battery are avoided.
  • the leaf spring Upon reaching a threshold value of the internal pressure, the leaf spring opens, whereby the internal pressure is reduced and an explosive destruction of the battery and thus damage to an environment of the battery can be avoided. After the internal pressure is released, the leaf spring closes automatically, preventing leakage of an electrolyte liquid of the single cells from the battery case, resulting in an increase in safety for persons and protection of the environment of the battery. Furthermore, a risk of fire of an organic electrolyte liquid is reduced, since an ingress of atmospheric oxygen in the Battery housing is avoided by the automatic closing of the leaf spring.
  • the battery may be formed such that a housing middle part of the battery case is designed as a device for reducing the internal pressure.
  • the housing middle part when reaching a threshold value of the internal pressure of the battery housing, the housing middle part is deformable such that one or more openings for reducing the internal pressure can be generated at at least one connection point with further housing parts.
  • the middle part of the housing assumes its initial shape and the openings are closed.
  • the housing is made of a material which is elastically deformable. This construction leads to the same advantages as the use of the leaf spring-loaded valve and is also easy and inexpensive to implement.
  • the battery can be produced from individual cells, the individual cells having a device for reducing an internal cell pressure, in particular in the form of a rupture disk, and being able to be cooled by means of a cooling device.
  • a heat generated by the individual cells which can lead to a temperature that is shorter over the life of the battery, can be dissipated.
  • the device for the pressure reduction an explosive destruction of the individual cells of the battery is avoided.
  • Showing: 1 shows schematically a closed battery housing with a leaf spring-loaded valve arranged thereon,
  • Fig. 2 shows schematically an exploded view of
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows a leaf spring-loaded valve in a closed position
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of a leaf spring-loaded valve in a closed position according to FIG. 3,
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view of a leaf spring-loaded valve in an open position according to FIG. 5, FIG.
  • Fig. 7 shows schematically an exploded view of a leaf spring-loaded valve
  • Fig. 8 shows schematically a battery housing with openings for a reduction of an internal pressure.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a closed battery case 1, which consists of a middle part 3 and two Housing side parts 4 is constructed.
  • a leaf spring-loaded valve 2 On the battery case 1, a leaf spring-loaded valve 2 is arranged.
  • a leaf spring 5 exerts a pressure on a seal 6 shown in greater detail in FIG.
  • the leaf spring 5 is made of an elastic material, which automatically assumes its original shape after deformation by means of a force effect.
  • the leaf spring 5 is fixed by means of rivets 7 to a housing 8, which is designed to protect the leaf spring 5 with a protective border.
  • the pressure built up in the individual cells 9 is conducted into the battery housing 1. If an internal pressure which exceeds a threshold value arises in the battery housing 1, the leaf spring 5 according to FIGS. 5 and 6 opens and the internal pressure of the battery housing 1 is reduced. As a result, an explosion-like destruction of the battery case 1 is avoided which may result in damage to an environment of the battery and / or of persons.
  • the leaf spring 5 closes again, d. H. it exerts a pressure on the seal 6 and the housing is closed. Thus, no electrolyte liquid can escape from the battery case 1. Since an organic electrolyte liquid is combustible in conjunction with oxygen, an entry of atmospheric oxygen into the battery housing 1 is prevented in an advantageous manner by means of the invention and thus reduces the risk of fire.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exploded view of the battery housing 1 according to FIG. 1.
  • individual cells 9 are arranged on a cooling plate 10.
  • the individual cells 9 are heavily loaded for use in motor vehicles, in particular in electrically powered motor vehicles. This load results from very high charging and discharging power, which are associated with high internal losses, especially heat losses. The heat generated during charging and discharging can lead to a temperature shortening above the battery life and must therefore be dissipated via a surface of the individual cells 9, for example via the cooling plate 10 in addition to a discharge.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the leaf spring-loaded valve 2 in a closed position.
  • the leaf spring 5 is fastened with rivets 7 in the housing 8 and exerts a pressure on the seal 6, whereby the particles and gases and liquids enter and exit the battery housing 1 and from the battery case 1 is avoided.
  • FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of the leaf-spring-loaded valve 2 in the closed position according to FIG. 3.
  • Both the leaf spring 5 and the housing 6 are provided with bores 11, 12 which are used to attach the leaf spring 5 to the housing 8 by means of the rivets 7 are provided.
  • FIG. 5 shows the leaf-spring-loaded valve 2 in an open position.
  • the leaf spring 5 opens as shown and the internal pressure is reduced.
  • FIG. 6 shows a sectional illustration of the leaf-spring-loaded valve 2 in an open position according to FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 7 shows an exploded view of the leaf-spring-loaded valve 2.
  • the housing 8 is provided with an arrangement of the seal 6 with a recess 13 corresponding to the seal 6. Furthermore, 8 holes 11, 12 are arranged both in the leaf spring 5 and in the housing, which serve to secure the leaf spring 5 to the housing 8 by means of the rivets 7. Further, the housing 8 is designed so that a protective border protects the leaf spring 5, for example, during transport or installation of the battery.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment of the invention in which the middle part 3 of the battery housing 1 forms openings 14 for reducing the internal pressure.
  • the housing middle part 3 of the deformed Battery housing 1 Upon reaching a certain threshold value of the internal pressure of the battery case 1, the housing middle part 3 of the deformed Battery housing 1 such that arise at connection points with the housing side parts 4 openings 14 through which the internal pressure of the battery case 1 is reduced.
  • the housing middle part 3 assumes its initial shape and the battery housing 1 is closed in such a way that particles and gases and liquids are prevented from entering and exiting the battery housing 1.
  • the middle part 3 is made of an elastic material, which automatically assumes its original shape after deformation by means of a force effect.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery, especially for use in a vehicle, the battery being accommodated in a battery case (1) on which a device for reducing an internal pressure is arranged, which device automatically closes once the internal pressure has been reduced. The battery is characterized in that the device for reducing the internal pressure is designed as a leaf spring valve (2).

Description

Batterie, insbesondere zu einer Anwendung in einem Fahrzeug Battery, in particular for use in a vehicle
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Batterie, insbesondere zu einer Anwendung in einem Fahrzeug, wobei die Batterie in einem Batteriegehäuse angeordnet ist, an dem eine Vorrichtung zu einer Verringerung eines Innendrucks angeordnet ist, die sich nach einer Verringerung des Innendrucks selbsttätig verschließt .The invention relates to a battery, in particular for use in a vehicle, wherein the battery is arranged in a battery housing, to which a device for reducing an internal pressure is arranged, which closes automatically after a reduction in the internal pressure.
Aus der DE 10 2005 041 746 Al ist eine elektrochemische Energiespeicherzelle, insbesondere ein Akkumulator oder ein Doppelschichtkondensator, bekannt, wobei durch die Energiespeicherzelle hindurch ein an seinen beiden Enden offenes Kernrohr zugeführt wird. Innerhalb des Kernrohrs können Leiter angeordnet sein und aus der Energiespeicherzelle austretende gasförmige Zersetzungsprodukte können über das Kernrohr abgeführt werden. Weiter kann durch das Kernrohr eine Kühlung der Energiespeicherzelle erfolgen. Zusätzlich kann ein in der Energiespeicherzelle angeordnetes Überdruckventil einen Überdruck aus einem abgeschlossenen Innenraum in das Kernrohr abführen. Das Überdruckventil kann so ausgeführt sein, dass es sich nach dem Abführen des Überdrucks selbsttätig verschließt .From DE 10 2005 041 746 Al an electrochemical energy storage cell, in particular an accumulator or a double-layer capacitor is known, wherein through the energy storage cell through an open at its two ends core tube is supplied. Conductors can be arranged inside the core tube and gaseous decomposition products emerging from the energy storage cell can be removed via the core tube. Furthermore, cooling of the energy storage cell can take place through the core tube. In addition, arranged in the energy storage cell pressure relief valve can dissipate an overpressure from a closed interior in the core tube. The pressure relief valve can be designed so that it automatically closes after the removal of the overpressure.
Aus der US 005 523 178 A ist eine elektrochemische Energiespeicherzelle mit einer Sicherheitsvorrichtung bekannt, die eine anormale Reaktion der Energiespeicherzelle begrenzt und in vorteilhafter Weise eine Gasexplosion der Energiespeicherzelle verhindern kann. Die elektrochemische Energiespeicherzelle umfasst einen Abschnitt, in dem die elektrochemische Zellreaktion abläuft, einen positiven Pol und ein Gehäuse, welches gleichzeitig als negativer Pol der elektrochemischen Energiespeicherzelle ausgebildet sein kann. Während der anormalen Reaktion der Energiespeicherzelle erfasst eine Vorrichtung einen Gasdruck und eine Reaktionshitze. Bei der Erfassung der anormalen Reaktion unterbricht die Vorrichtung dauerhaft einen Stromfluss. Die elektrochemische Energiespeicherzelle umfasst weiterhin eine Öffnung, mittels derer ein Gasaustausch derFrom US 005 523 178 A is an electrochemical energy storage cell with a safety device known, which limits an abnormal reaction of the energy storage cell and can advantageously prevent a gas explosion of the energy storage cell. The electrochemical energy storage cell comprises a section in which the electrochemical cell reaction takes place, a positive pole and a housing, which simultaneously can be formed as a negative pole of the electrochemical energy storage cell. During the abnormal reaction of the energy storage cell, a device detects a gas pressure and a reaction heat. Upon detection of the abnormal reaction, the device permanently interrupts current flow. The electrochemical energy storage cell further comprises an opening, by means of which a gas exchange of
Energiespeicherzelle mit einer Umgebung ausführbar ist. Nach dem Gasaustausch ist die Öffnung mittels eines Ventils verschließbar.Energy storage cell is executable with an environment. After the gas exchange, the opening can be closed by means of a valve.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine verbesserte elektrochemische Energiespeicherzelle, insbesondere eine Batterie zu einer Anwendung in einem Fahrzeug, anzugeben, welche einfach und kostengünstig herstellbar ist.The invention has for its object to provide an improved electrochemical energy storage cell, in particular a battery for use in a vehicle, which is simple and inexpensive to produce.
Die erfindungsgemäße Batterie, welche insbesondere zu einer Anwendung in einem Fahrzeug vorgesehen ist, ist in einem Batteriegehäuse angeordnet, an dem eine Vorrichtung zu einer Verringerung eines Innendrucks angeordnet ist, die sich nach einer Verringerung des Innendrucks selbsttätig verschließt, wobei die Vorrichtung zur Verringerung des Innendrucks als blattfederbelastetes Ventil ausgeführt ist. Da sich Einzelzellen von Batterien, z. B. Lithium-Ionen- Batteriezellen, bei einem zu hohen Lade- und/oder Entladestrom, insbesondere aber bei einem Kurzschluss, sehr stark erwärmen, baut sich im Inneren der Einzelzellen ein sehr hoher Innendruck auf, der zu einer Zerstörung der Einzelzellen führen kann. Mittels der Erfindung ist es in vorteilhafter Weise möglich, Ausgasungen der Einzelzellen in das Batteriegehäuse zu leiten und den Innendruck; in dem Batteriegehäuse kontrolliert zu verringern.The battery according to the invention, which is intended in particular for use in a vehicle, is arranged in a battery housing, on which a device for reducing an internal pressure is arranged, which closes automatically after a reduction in the internal pressure, wherein the device for reducing the internal pressure designed as a leaf spring loaded valve. Since single cells of batteries, eg. B. lithium-ion battery cells, at a high charge and / or discharge, but especially in a short circuit, very strong heat builds up in the interior of the individual cells, a very high internal pressure, which leads to the destruction of the Single cells can lead. By means of the invention, it is advantageously possible to direct outgassing of the individual cells in the battery case and the internal pressure; in the battery case controlled to reduce.
Das blattfederbelastete Ventil ist aus einer in einem Gehäuse auf einer Dichtung angeordneten Blattfeder gebildet, wobei das Gehäuse zu einem Schutz der Blattfeder mit einer Schutzumrandung ausgeführt ist. Weiterhin ist das Gehäuse zu einer Aufnahme der Dichtung mit einer zu der Dichtung korrespondierenden Aussparung ausgeführt. Diese Konstruktion ist einfach und kostengünstig realisierbar und die Ausgestaltung des Gehäuses bietet einen umfassenden Schutz der Blattfeder vor Beschädigungen.The leaf spring-loaded valve is formed from a arranged in a housing on a seal leaf spring, wherein the housing is designed to protect the leaf spring with a protective border. Furthermore, the housing is designed to receive the seal with a corresponding recess to the seal. This construction is simple and inexpensive to implement and the design of the housing provides comprehensive protection of the leaf spring from damage.
In einer geschlossenen Stellung übt die Blattfeder einen Druck auf die Dichtung aus, so dass in einem Normalbetrieb der Batterie ein Eindringen von Partikeln und Feuchtigkeit verhindert wird. Somit werden weiterhin eine Bildung von Kondenswasser und eine daraus resultierende Korrosion metallischer Bauteile sowie Kurzschlüsse von Einzelzellen der Batterie vermieden.In a closed position, the leaf spring exerts a pressure on the seal, so that in a normal operation of the battery, penetration of particles and moisture is prevented. Thus, further formation of condensation and a resulting corrosion of metallic components and short circuits of single cells of the battery are avoided.
Bei einem Erreichen eines Schwellwerts des Innendrucks öffnet die Blattfeder, wodurch der Innendruck verringert wird und eine explosionsartige Zerstörung der Batterie und somit Schädigungen eines Umfelds der Batterie vermieden werden. Nach dem Abbau des Innendrucks schließt die Blattfeder selbsttätig, wodurch ein Austritt einer Elektrolytflüssigkeit der Einzelzellen aus dem Batteriegehäuse verhindert wird, was zu einer Erhöhung der Sicherheit für Personen und zu einem Schutz des Umfelds der Batterie führt. Weiterhin wird eine Brandgefahr einer organischen Elektrolytflüssigkeit vermindert, da ein Eindringen von Luftsauerstoff in das Batteriegehäuse durch das selbsttätige Verschließen der Blattfeder vermieden wird.Upon reaching a threshold value of the internal pressure, the leaf spring opens, whereby the internal pressure is reduced and an explosive destruction of the battery and thus damage to an environment of the battery can be avoided. After the internal pressure is released, the leaf spring closes automatically, preventing leakage of an electrolyte liquid of the single cells from the battery case, resulting in an increase in safety for persons and protection of the environment of the battery. Furthermore, a risk of fire of an organic electrolyte liquid is reduced, since an ingress of atmospheric oxygen in the Battery housing is avoided by the automatic closing of the leaf spring.
Alternativ kann die Batterie derart ausgebildet sein, dass ein Gehäusemittelteil des Batteriegehäuses als Vorrichtung zur Verringerung des Innendrucks ausgeführt ist. Dabei ist das Gehäusemittelteil bei einem Erreichen eines Schwellwerts des Innendrucks des Batteriegehäuses derart verformbar, dass an zumindest einer Verbindungsstelle mit weiteren Gehäuseteilen eine oder mehrere Öffnungen zu einer Verringerung des Innendrucks erzeugbar sind. Nach dem Abbau des Innendrucks nimmt das Gehäusemittelteil seine Ausgangsform ein und die Öffnungen sind geschlossen. Dazu ist das Gehäuse aus einem Material gefertigt, welches elastisch verformbar ist. Diese Konstruktion führt zu den gleichen Vorteilen, wie die Verwendung des blattfederbelasteten Ventils und ist ebenfalls einfach und kostengünstig realisierbar .Alternatively, the battery may be formed such that a housing middle part of the battery case is designed as a device for reducing the internal pressure. In this case, when reaching a threshold value of the internal pressure of the battery housing, the housing middle part is deformable such that one or more openings for reducing the internal pressure can be generated at at least one connection point with further housing parts. After the reduction of the internal pressure, the middle part of the housing assumes its initial shape and the openings are closed. For this purpose, the housing is made of a material which is elastically deformable. This construction leads to the same advantages as the use of the leaf spring-loaded valve and is also easy and inexpensive to implement.
Ferner ist die Batterie aus Einzelzellen herstellbar, wobei die Einzelzellen mit einer Vorrichtung zu einer Verringerung eines Zellinnendrucks, insbesondere in Form einer Berstscheibe, ausgeführt und mittels einer Kühlvorrichtung kühlbar sind. Somit kann eine durch die Einzelzellen erzeugte Wärme, die zu einer oberhalb einer die Lebensdauer der Batterie verkürzenden Temperatur führen kann, abgeführt werden. Mittels der Vorrichtung zu dem Druckabbau wird eine explosionsartige Zerstörung der Einzelzellen der Batterie vermieden.Furthermore, the battery can be produced from individual cells, the individual cells having a device for reducing an internal cell pressure, in particular in the form of a rupture disk, and being able to be cooled by means of a cooling device. Thus, a heat generated by the individual cells, which can lead to a temperature that is shorter over the life of the battery, can be dissipated. By means of the device for the pressure reduction an explosive destruction of the individual cells of the battery is avoided.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind im Folgenden anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert.Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to drawings.
Dabei zeigen: Fig. 1 schematisch ein geschlossenes Batteriegehäuse mit einem daran angeordneten blattfederbelasteten Ventil,Showing: 1 shows schematically a closed battery housing with a leaf spring-loaded valve arranged thereon,
Fig. 2 schematisch eine Explosionsdarstellung desFig. 2 shows schematically an exploded view of
Batteriegehäuses mit einem daran angeordneten blattfederbelasteten Ventil gemäß Figur 1,Battery housing with a leaf spring-loaded valve arranged thereon according to FIG. 1,
Fig. 3 schematisch ein blattfederbelastetes Ventil in einer geschlossenen Stellung,3 schematically shows a leaf spring-loaded valve in a closed position,
Fig. 4 schematisch eine Schnittdarstellung eines blattfederbelasteten Ventils in einer geschlossenen Stellung gemäß Figur 3,4 is a schematic sectional view of a leaf spring-loaded valve in a closed position according to FIG. 3,
Fig. 5 schematisch ein blattfederbelastetes Ventil in einer geöffneten Stellung,5 schematically shows a leaf spring-loaded valve in an open position,
Fig. 6 schematisch eine Schnittdarstellung eines blattfederbelasteten Ventils in einer geöffneten Stellung gemäß Figur 5,6 is a schematic sectional view of a leaf spring-loaded valve in an open position according to FIG. 5, FIG.
Fig. 7 schematisch eine Explosionsdarstellung eines blattfederbelasteten Ventils, undFig. 7 shows schematically an exploded view of a leaf spring-loaded valve, and
Fig. 8 schematisch ein Batteriegehäuse mit Öffnungen zu einem Abbau eines Innendrucks.Fig. 8 shows schematically a battery housing with openings for a reduction of an internal pressure.
Einander entsprechende Teile sind in allen Figuren mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.Corresponding parts are provided in all figures with the same reference numerals.
Figur 1 stellt ein geschlossenes Batteriegehäuse 1 dar, welches aus einem Gehäusemittelteil 3 und zwei Gehäuseseitenteilen 4 aufgebaut ist. An dem Batteriegehäuse 1 ist ein blattfederbelastetes Ventil 2 angeordnet. In einer geschlossenen Stellung des blattfederbelasteten Ventils 2 übt eine Blattfeder 5 einen Druck auf eine in Figur 4 näher dargestellte Dichtung 6 aus. Die Blattfeder 5 ist dabei aus einem elastischen Material gefertigt, das nach einer Verformung anhand einer Kraftwirkung selbsttätig wieder seine ursprüngliche Form annimmt. Dabei ist die Blattfeder 5 anhand von Nieten 7 an einem Gehäuse 8 befestigt, welches zu einem Schutz der Blattfeder 5 mit einer Schutzumrandung ausgeführt ist.Figure 1 illustrates a closed battery case 1, which consists of a middle part 3 and two Housing side parts 4 is constructed. On the battery case 1, a leaf spring-loaded valve 2 is arranged. In a closed position of the leaf spring-loaded valve 2, a leaf spring 5 exerts a pressure on a seal 6 shown in greater detail in FIG. The leaf spring 5 is made of an elastic material, which automatically assumes its original shape after deformation by means of a force effect. In this case, the leaf spring 5 is fixed by means of rivets 7 to a housing 8, which is designed to protect the leaf spring 5 with a protective border.
Im Inneren des Batteriegehäuses 1 sind in Figur 2 näher dargestellte Einzelzellen 9, z. B. Lithium-Ionen- Batteriezellen, angeordnet. Da sich beispielsweise Lithium- Ionen-Batteriezellen bei einem zu hohen Lade- und/oder Entladestrom, insbesondere aber bei einem Kurzschluss sehr stark erwärmen, baut sich im Inneren der Einzelzellen 9 ein sehr hoher Innendruck auf, der zu einer Zerstörung der Einzelzellen 9 führen kann.Inside the battery case 1 are shown in detail in Figure 2 single cells 9, z. As lithium-ion battery cells arranged. Since, for example, lithium-ion battery cells become very hot when the charging and / or discharging current is too high, but especially during a short circuit, a very high internal pressure builds up inside the individual cells 9, which can lead to destruction of the individual cells 9 ,
Um eine explosionsartige Zerstörung der Einzelzellen 9 zu vermeiden, sind diese mit einer nicht näher dargestellten Vorrichtung zu einem kontrollierten Druckabbau, z. B. Berstscheiben, ausgeführt.In order to avoid an explosive destruction of the individual cells 9, these are with a device, not shown, for a controlled pressure reduction, z. B. rupture discs executed.
Bei einer Zerstörung der Einzelzellen 9 wird der in den Einzelzellen 9 aufgebaute Druck in das Batteriegehäuse 1 geleitet. Entsteht in dem Batteriegehäuse 1 ein Innendruck, der einen Schwellwert überschreitet, öffnet sich die Blattfeder 5 gemäß den Figuren 5 und 6, und der Innendruck des Batteriegehäuses 1 wird vermindert. Dadurch wird eine explosionsartige Zerstörung des Batteriegehäuses 1 vermieden, die zu einer Schädigung eines Umfelds der Batterie und/oder von Personen führen kann.Upon destruction of the individual cells 9, the pressure built up in the individual cells 9 is conducted into the battery housing 1. If an internal pressure which exceeds a threshold value arises in the battery housing 1, the leaf spring 5 according to FIGS. 5 and 6 opens and the internal pressure of the battery housing 1 is reduced. As a result, an explosion-like destruction of the battery case 1 is avoided which may result in damage to an environment of the battery and / or of persons.
Nach der Verminderung des Innendrucks des Batteriegehäuses 1 schließt die Blattfeder 5 wieder, d. h. sie übt einen Druck auf die Dichtung 6 aus und das Gehäuse ist verschlossen. Somit kann keine Elektrolytflüssigkeit aus dem Batteriegehäuse 1 austreten. Da eine organische Elektrolytflüssigkeit in Verbindung mit Sauerstoff brennbar ist, wird in vorteilhafter Weise anhand der Erfindung ein Eintritt von Luftsauerstoff in das Batteriegehäuse 1 verhindert und somit eine Brandgefahr reduziert.After the reduction of the internal pressure of the battery case 1, the leaf spring 5 closes again, d. H. it exerts a pressure on the seal 6 and the housing is closed. Thus, no electrolyte liquid can escape from the battery case 1. Since an organic electrolyte liquid is combustible in conjunction with oxygen, an entry of atmospheric oxygen into the battery housing 1 is prevented in an advantageous manner by means of the invention and thus reduces the risk of fire.
Figur 2 zeigt eine Explosionsdarstellung des Batteriegehäuses 1 gemäß Figur 1. In dem Batteriegehäuse 1 sind Einzelzellen 9 auf einer Kühlplatte 10 angeordnet.FIG. 2 shows an exploded view of the battery housing 1 according to FIG. 1. In the battery housing 1, individual cells 9 are arranged on a cooling plate 10.
Üblicherweise werden die Einzelzellen 9 zu einer Anwendung in Kraftfahrzeugen, insbesondere in elektrisch betriebenen Kraftfahrzeugen, stark belastet. Diese Belastung resultiert aus sehr hohen Lade- und Entladeleistungen, die mit hohen internen Verlusten, insbesondere Wärmeverlusten verbunden sind. Die beim Laden und Entladen erzeugte Wärme kann zu einer oberhalb einer die Lebensdauer der Batterie verkürzenden Temperatur führen und muss deshalb zusätzlich zu einer Abführung über eine Oberfläche der Einzelzellen 9 beispielsweise über die Kühlplatte 10 abgeführt werden.Usually, the individual cells 9 are heavily loaded for use in motor vehicles, in particular in electrically powered motor vehicles. This load results from very high charging and discharging power, which are associated with high internal losses, especially heat losses. The heat generated during charging and discharging can lead to a temperature shortening above the battery life and must therefore be dissipated via a surface of the individual cells 9, for example via the cooling plate 10 in addition to a discharge.
Figur 3 stellt das blattfederbelastete Ventil 2 in einer geschlossenen Stellung dar. Dabei ist die Blattfeder 5 mit Nieten 7 in dem Gehäuse 8 befestigt und übt einen Druck auf die Dichtung 6 aus, wodurch ein Eindringen und Austreten von Partikeln, Gasen und Flüssigkeiten in das Batteriegehäuse 1 und aus dem Batteriegehäuse 1 vermieden wird. Figur 4 zeigt eine Schnittdarstellung des blattfederbelasteten Ventils 2 in der geschlossenen Stellung gemäß Figur 3. Sowohl die Blattfeder 5 als auch das Gehäuse 6 sind dabei mit Bohrungen 11, 12 versehen, die zu der Befestigung der Blattfeder 5 an dem Gehäuse 8 mittels der Nieten 7 vorgesehen sind.Figure 3 illustrates the leaf spring-loaded valve 2 in a closed position. The leaf spring 5 is fastened with rivets 7 in the housing 8 and exerts a pressure on the seal 6, whereby the particles and gases and liquids enter and exit the battery housing 1 and from the battery case 1 is avoided. FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of the leaf-spring-loaded valve 2 in the closed position according to FIG. 3. Both the leaf spring 5 and the housing 6 are provided with bores 11, 12 which are used to attach the leaf spring 5 to the housing 8 by means of the rivets 7 are provided.
Figur 5 stellt das blattfederbelastete Ventil 2 in einer geöffneten Stellung dar. Erreicht der Innendruck des Batteriegehäuses 1 einen bestimmten Schwellwert, öffnet sich die Blattfeder 5 in der dargestellten Weise und der Innendruck wird verringert.FIG. 5 shows the leaf-spring-loaded valve 2 in an open position. When the internal pressure of the battery housing 1 reaches a certain threshold value, the leaf spring 5 opens as shown and the internal pressure is reduced.
Figur 6 zeigt eine Schnittdarstellung des blattfederbelasteten Ventils 2 in einer geöffneten Stellung gemäß Figur 5.FIG. 6 shows a sectional illustration of the leaf-spring-loaded valve 2 in an open position according to FIG. 5.
Figur 7 zeigt eine Explosionsdarstellung des blattfederbelasteten Ventils 2. Das Gehäuse 8 ist dabei zu einer Anordnung der Dichtung 6 mit einer zu der Dichtung 6 korrespondierenden Aussparung 13 versehen. Weiterhin sind sowohl in der Blattfeder 5 als auch in dem Gehäuse 8 Bohrungen 11, 12 angeordnet, die zu der Befestigung der Blattfeder 5 an dem Gehäuse 8 mittels der Nieten 7 dienen. Ferner ist das Gehäuse 8 so ausgeführt, dass eine Schutzumrandung die Blattfeder 5 beispielsweise bei einem Transport oder einem Einbau der Batterie schützt.FIG. 7 shows an exploded view of the leaf-spring-loaded valve 2. The housing 8 is provided with an arrangement of the seal 6 with a recess 13 corresponding to the seal 6. Furthermore, 8 holes 11, 12 are arranged both in the leaf spring 5 and in the housing, which serve to secure the leaf spring 5 to the housing 8 by means of the rivets 7. Further, the housing 8 is designed so that a protective border protects the leaf spring 5, for example, during transport or installation of the battery.
Figur 8 stellt eine Ausgestaltung der Erfindung dar, bei welcher das Gehäusemittelteil 3 des Batteriegehäuses 1 Öffnungen 14 zu einem Abbau des Innendrucks bildet. Bei einem Erreichen eines bestimmten Schwellwerts des Innendrucks des Batteriegehäuses 1 verformt sich das Gehäusemittelteil 3 des Batteriegehäuses 1 derart, das an Verbindungsstellen mit den Gehäuseseitenteilen 4 Öffnungen 14 entstehen, über die der Innendruck des Batteriegehäuses 1 verringert wird.FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment of the invention in which the middle part 3 of the battery housing 1 forms openings 14 for reducing the internal pressure. Upon reaching a certain threshold value of the internal pressure of the battery case 1, the housing middle part 3 of the deformed Battery housing 1 such that arise at connection points with the housing side parts 4 openings 14 through which the internal pressure of the battery case 1 is reduced.
Nach dem Abbau des Innendrucks nimmt das Gehäusemittelteil 3 seine Ausgangsform ein und das Batteriegehäuse 1 ist derart verschlossen, dass ein Eindringen und Austreten von Partikeln, Gasen und Flüssigkeiten in das Batteriegehäuse 1 vermieden wird. Dafür ist das Gehäusemittelteil 3 aus einem elastischen Material gefertigt, das nach einer Verformung anhand einer Kraftwirkung selbsttätig wieder seine ursprüngliche Form annimmt. After the internal pressure has been reduced, the housing middle part 3 assumes its initial shape and the battery housing 1 is closed in such a way that particles and gases and liquids are prevented from entering and exiting the battery housing 1. For this, the middle part 3 is made of an elastic material, which automatically assumes its original shape after deformation by means of a force effect.
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
Batteriegehäusebattery case
Blattfederbelastetes VentilLeaf spring loaded valve
GehäusemittelteilHousing body
GehäuseseitenteilSide cover
Blattfederleaf spring
Dichtungpoetry
Nieterivet
Gehäusecasing
Einzelzellesingle cell
Kühlplattecooling plate
Bohrungdrilling
Bohrungdrilling
Aussparungrecess
Öffnung opening

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Batterie, insbesondere zu einer Anwendung in einem Fahrzeug, wobei die Batterie in einem Batteriegehäuse (1) angeordnet ist, an dem eine Vorrichtung zu einer Verringerung eines Innendrucks angeordnet ist, die sich nach einer Verringerung des Innendrucks selbsttätig verschließt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung zur Verringerung des Innendrucks als blattfederbelastetes Ventil (2) ausgeführt ist.1. Battery, in particular for use in a vehicle, wherein the battery in a battery housing (1) is arranged, on which a device for reducing an internal pressure is arranged, which automatically closes after a reduction in internal pressure, characterized in that the device for reducing the internal pressure is designed as a leaf spring-loaded valve (2).
2. Batterie nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das blattfederbelastete Ventil (2) aus einer in einem Gehäuse (8) auf einer Dichtung (6) angeordneten Blattfeder (5) gebildet ist.2. Battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the leaf spring-loaded valve (2) consists of a in a housing (8) on a seal (6) arranged leaf spring (5) is formed.
3. Batterie nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gehäuse (8) zu einem Schutz der Blattfeder (5) mit einer Schutzumrandung ausgeführt ist.3. Battery according to claim 2, characterized in that the housing (8) is designed to protect the leaf spring (5) with a protective border.
4. Batterie nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gehäuse (8) zu einer Aufnahme der Dichtung (6) mit einer zu der Dichtung (6) korrespondierenden Aussparung (13) ausgeführt ist.4. Battery according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the housing (8) for receiving the seal (6) one of the seal (6) corresponding recess (13) is executed.
5. Batterie nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Blattfeder (5) in einer geschlossenen Stellung einen Druck auf die Dichtung (6) ausübt.5. Battery according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the leaf spring (5) in a closed position exerts pressure on the seal (6).
6. Batterie nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei einem Erreichen eines Schwellwerts des Innendrucks die Blattfeder (5) in einer geöffneten Stellung den Innendruck verringert.6. Battery according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that upon reaching a threshold value of the internal pressure, the leaf spring (5) reduces the internal pressure in an open position.
7. Batterie, insbesondere zu einer Anwendung in einem Fahrzeug, wobei die Batterie in einem Batteriegehäuse [1] angeordnet ist, an dem eine Vorrichtung zu einer Verringerung eines Innendrucks angeordnet ist, die sich nach einer Verringerung des Innendrucks selbsttätig verschließt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Gehäusemittelteil (3) des Batteriegehäuses (1) als7. Battery, in particular for use in a vehicle, wherein the battery in a battery case [1] is arranged, on which a device for reducing an internal pressure is arranged, which automatically closes after a reduction in internal pressure, characterized in that a housing middle part (3) of the battery housing (1) as
Vorrichtung zur Verringerung des Innendrucks ausgeführt ist.Device is designed to reduce the internal pressure.
8. Batterie nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gehäusemittelteil (3) bei einem Erreichen eines Schwellwerts des Innendrucks des Batteriegehäuses (1) derart verformbar ist, dass an zumindest einer Verbindungsstelle mit weiteren Gehäuseteilen eine oder mehrere Öffnungen (14) zu einer Verringerung des Innendrucks erzeugbar sind. 8. Battery according to claim 7, characterized in that the housing middle part (3) upon reaching a threshold value of the internal pressure of the battery case (1) is deformable such that at least one connection point with further housing parts one or more openings (14) to a reduction the internal pressure can be generated.
9. Batterie nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gehäusemittelsteil (3) aus einem elastischen Material gefertigt ist.9. Battery according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the housing middle part (3) is made of an elastic material.
10. Batterie nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Öffnung (14) nach einer Verringerung des Innendrucks selbsttätig verschließt.10. Battery according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the opening (14) closes automatically after a reduction of the internal pressure.
11. Batterie nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Batterie aus Einzelzellen (9) herstellbar ist.11. Battery according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the battery of individual cells (9) can be produced.
12. Batterie nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einzelzellen (9) jeweils mit einer Vorrichtung zu einer Verringerung eines Zeilinnendrucks, insbesondere in Form einer Berstscheibe, ausgeführt sind.12. Battery according to claim 11, characterized in that the individual cells (9) each with a device for reducing a Zeilinnendrucks, in particular in the form of a rupture disk, are executed.
13. Batterie nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einzelzellen (9) mittels einer Kühlvorrichtung kühlbar sind. 13. Battery according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the individual cells (9) are coolable by means of a cooling device.
PCT/EP2008/009645 2007-12-20 2008-11-14 Battery, especially for use in a vehicle WO2009080158A1 (en)

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