Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
  • H04L45/12—Shortest path evaluation
  • H04L45/125—Shortest path evaluation based on throughput or bandwidth
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
  • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
  • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
  • H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
  • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
  • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
  • H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
  • H04J14/0241—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-one, e.g. unicasting wavelengths
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
  • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
  • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
  • H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
  • H04J14/0254—Optical medium access
  • H04J14/0256—Optical medium access at the optical channel layer
  • H04J14/0257—Wavelength assignment algorithms
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
  • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
  • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
  • H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
  • H04J14/0254—Optical medium access
  • H04J14/0256—Optical medium access at the optical channel layer
  • H04J14/0258—Wavelength identification or labelling
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
  • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
  • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
  • H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
  • H04J14/0254—Optical medium access
  • H04J14/0267—Optical signaling or routing
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
  • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
  • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
  • H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
  • H04J14/0254—Optical medium access
  • H04J14/0267—Optical signaling or routing
  • H04J14/0269—Optical signaling or routing using tables for routing
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
  • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
  • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
  • H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
  • H04J14/0254—Optical medium access
  • H04J14/0267—Optical signaling or routing
  • H04J14/0271—Impairment aware routing
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
  • H04L45/12—Shortest path evaluation
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
  • H04L45/50—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks using label swapping, e.g. multi-protocol label switch [MPLS]
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
  • H04L45/62—Wavelength based
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
  • H04L45/64—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks using an overlay routing layer
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
  • H04L45/70—Routing based on monitoring results
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04Q—SELECTING
  • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
  • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
  • H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
  • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
  • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
  • H04J14/0278—WDM optical network architectures
  • H04J14/0284—WDM mesh architectures
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04Q—SELECTING
  • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
  • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
  • H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
  • H04Q2011/0064—Arbitration, scheduling or medium access control aspects
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04Q—SELECTING
  • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
  • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
  • H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
  • H04Q2011/0073—Provisions for forwarding or routing, e.g. lookup tables

Definitions

• Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of communications, and in particular, to a method and server for determining a direct optical path and a system for establishing a direct optical path. Background technique
• the traffic monitoring data obtained by the network traffic monitoring system is mainly used as data for network analysis by the network administrator.
• the network administrator makes decisions based on the data, through bandwidth setting, load balancing, and QoS (Quality of Service). Set to optimize the network.
• This kind of network optimization is actually a long-term network planning, and it is not the dynamic situation of dynamically adjusting the network topology and optimizing the network.
• the direct optical path between the two routers is usually obtained by pre-static configuration, that is, two routers are selected in advance as the two endpoints of the direct optical path.
• the state configuration gets a direct light path.
• the direct optical path refers to the path between the two routers on the optical transmission level. It can be seen that this static configuration method cannot dynamically adjust the network topology and optimize network resources. For example, two routers on a path, or nodes, sometimes have a large service bandwidth between the two nodes. Sometimes the service bandwidth between the two nodes is small.
• the current method of determining the direct optical path cannot dynamically determine the two endpoints that need to establish a direct optical path, and at the same time, cannot dynamically adjust the network topology.
• Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and server for determining a direct optical path for dynamically determining two endpoints that need to establish a direct optical path.
• Embodiments of the present invention also provide a system for establishing a direct optical path to dynamically adjust a network topology.
• a method for determining a direct optical path comprising:
• a server that determines a direct optical path comprising:
• a candidate node pair obtaining module configured to obtain a candidate node pair according to the monitored bandwidth occupied by each path and the router node experienced by each path, where the bandwidth between the candidate node pairs exceeds a preset bandwidth threshold;
• the endpoint determining module is configured to select, according to a preset routing policy, a pair of candidate nodes obtained by the candidate node pair obtaining module, and select one node pair as the two endpoints of the direct optical path.
• a system for establishing a direct optical path the system includes at least two nodes, and the system further includes:
• a server configured to obtain a candidate node pair according to the monitored bandwidth occupied by each path and the nodes experienced by each path, where the bandwidth between the candidate node pairs exceeds a preset bandwidth threshold; according to a preset routing policy, In the candidate node pair, a node pair is selected as two endpoints of the direct optical path, and the high-level path calculation unit is instructed to allocate an IP layer address to the two endpoints of the direct optical path; indicating that the two endpoints are configured according to the assigned IP address.
• Direct route notification
• a high-level path calculation unit configured to allocate an IP address to the two endpoints determined by the server, and trigger a node record of the path of the path where the direct optical path is located to modify the path of the node according to the direct route advertisement of the two endpoints;
• a low-level path calculation unit for calculating an optical layer path between the two endpoints determined by the server.
• the method and server for determining a direct optical path and the system for establishing a direct optical path obtained by the embodiments of the present invention obtain a threshold exceeding a predetermined bandwidth according to the monitored bandwidth occupied by each path and the router nodes experienced by each path.
• a pair of candidate nodes selects a pair of nodes from the pair of candidate nodes, and establishes a direct optical path of the optical layer between the two nodes, thereby dynamically determining two endpoints that need to establish a direct optical path according to the service bandwidth, thereby being dynamic
• the network topology is adjusted to effectively utilize the optical layer network resources, reduce the burden between the routers, and optimize the network resources.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for determining a direct optical path used in an embodiment of the present invention
• FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of determining a direct optical path between two routers according to a first embodiment of the present invention
• FIG. 3 is a first embodiment of the present invention for determining a direct optical path.
• FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of determining a direct optical path between two routers according to a second embodiment of the present invention
• FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of determining a direct optical path between two routers according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
• FIG. An embodiment determines a schematic diagram of a direct optical path between two routers.
• FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for establishing a direct optical path for use in an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
• FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for determining a direct optical path used in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, it includes:
• Step 101 According to the monitored bandwidth occupied by each path and the node record experienced by each path, at least one candidate node pair is obtained, and the bandwidth between the candidate node pairs exceeds a preset bandwidth threshold.
• the method for monitoring the occupied bandwidth includes: counting the traffic of the path within a set time, dividing the flow of the path by the set time, and obtaining the path within the set time. Occupied bandwidth.
• the method for obtaining the candidate node pair may be: calculating the bandwidth between any two nodes, where the bandwidth between the two nodes is equal to the sum of the bandwidths of all the paths passing through the two nodes, when the bandwidth between the two nodes exceeds the bandwidth threshold , that is, when the bandwidth threshold is greater than the bandwidth threshold, the two nodes are candidate node pairs.
• the method of obtaining a candidate node pair may also be: finding a path having at least two public nodes in each path. Adding the bandwidths of the found paths to obtain the bandwidth of the common node. When the bandwidth of the common node exceeds the bandwidth threshold, any two nodes in the common node are candidate node pairs.
• the public node refers to at least The node through which the two paths pass.
• Step 102 Select a node pair as the two endpoints of the direct optical path from the obtained candidate node pair according to the preset routing policy.
• routing policies there may be multiple routing policies.
• the routing policy is: The route to the optical path is the longest, the two endpoints of the direct optical path are determined, including: From the candidate node pair, the farthest distance is selected. A pair of nodes, as the two endpoints of the direct optical path.
• the routing policy is: When the path through which the direct optical path passes is the most, the two endpoints of the direct optical path are determined, including: From the candidate node pair, the node pair with the largest number of paths between the two nodes is selected as the direct optical path. Two endpoints. Of course, you can also use other The routing strategy selects the two endpoints of the direct optical path.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of determining a direct optical path between two routers according to a first embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, in a MPLS-TE (Multi-Protocol Label Switching-Traffic Engineering) layer. It includes three LSPs (label switch paths), which are represented as LSP1, LSP2, and LSP3. The dotted line indicates LSP1, the dotted line indicates LSP2, and the solid line indicates LSP3. Each LSP includes not only edge nodes for receiving IP layer data, but also PE1, PE2, PE3, and PE4, and intermediate nodes that transmit data at the MPLS layer, denoted as P1, P2, ... P6 .
• the node here is a router node.
• Each edge node monitors the bandwidth occupied by its own LSP and reports it to the server.
• the server is configured to obtain two nodes exceeding the bandwidth threshold according to the bandwidth occupied by the monitored path and the preset bandwidth threshold.
• the path is calculated to the PCE (Path Computation Element).
• the unit) is configured to establish a direct optical path in the optical layer.
• the PCE is divided into a PCE-Hi (Path Computation Element-High, a high-level path calculation unit) and a PCE-Lo (Path Computation Element-Low, a low-level path calculation unit).
• PCE-Hi is responsible for the path calculation of the MPLS layer
• PCE-Lo is responsible for the path calculation of the optical layer.
• server PCE-Hi
• PCE-Lo is responsible for the path calculation of the optical layer.
• FIG. 2 The flow chart of the method for determining the direct optical path in this embodiment is shown in FIG. 2 below. The specific steps are shown in FIG. 3:
• Step 301 The PE collects LSP traffic.
• the PE is responsible for receiving data packets from the IP layer, and mapping the data packets to corresponding LSPs for MPLS forwarding. Moreover, the traffic of the path is counted in the timing time.
• the specific method is: setting a timer on each PE, and accumulating the number of bytes of each data packet as the traffic of the path (traffic) during the timed period, and recording the maintenance in the maintenance In the LSP traffic statistics table. For example, the LSP traffic statistics table shown in Table 1 is maintained on PE2. LSP Out Out ERO amount (byte)
• LSP1 PE2->PE3 1 5 PE2, P1, P3, P5, PE3 4500M
• the table includes the LSP, the Out Interface output label (Out Label), the ERO (Explicit Route Object), and the flow table entry. Then, go to step 302.
• Step 302 The PE calculates the bandwidth flowing through the PE path according to the timing and the traffic, and reports the calculated path bandwidth to the server.
• the PE After the bandwidth actually occupied by the LSP is obtained, the PE sends the calculated bandwidth to the server, and clears the traffic statistics in the local table.
• Step 303 The server obtains the bandwidth occupied by each LSP according to the bandwidth reported by each PE.
• the server collects statistics on the bandwidth occupied by all LSPs.
• the historical data items are included in the LSP bandwidth statistics table as shown in Table 2 maintained by the server.
• the historical data items here are the bandwidth data corresponding to all LSPs in the historical time.
• the two historical data items in Table 2 are the bandwidth of the previous 1 minute and the average bandwidth of the previous 1 hour.
• the historical time in this embodiment is the monitoring period of the LSP occupied bandwidth, and the server determines whether a direct optical path needs to be established according to the statistical value of the previous monitoring period.
• LSP1 PE2->PE3 1 5 PE2, P1, P3, P5, PE3 600M 300M
• LSP2 PE2->PE4 2 6 PE2, P1, P3, P6, PE4 300M 600M
• LSP3 PE1->PE3 1 4 PE1, P1, P4, P6, P5, PE3 600M 500M Table 2
• Step 304 The server analyzes the bandwidth actually occupied by each LSP, and finds a node pair that exceeds a predetermined bandwidth threshold according to the ERO of each LSP.
• the process of searching for a node exceeding a predetermined bandwidth threshold may be performed based on the node pair, that is, according to the bandwidth of each path and the ERO of each path, first find out all the LSPs between the two nodes, and between the two nodes.
• the bandwidth is equal to the sum of the bandwidths of all paths passing through the two nodes.
• the bandwidth between PE2 and P1 in Table 2 is equal to the sum of the bandwidths of LSP1 and LSP2.
• the bandwidth between the two nodes is then compared to a predetermined bandwidth threshold.
• LSP1, LSP2, and LSP3 in Table 2 have only one common node and do not perform bandwidth superposition of LSPs.
• LSP1 and LSP3 there are three common nodes, namely P1, P5, and PE3.
• the bandwidth between any two of the three common nodes is equal to the sum of the bandwidths of LSP1 and LSP3, that is, in the first hour.
• the bandwidth of Pl, P5 and PE3 is (300M+500M) bit/s, and the bandwidth of P1, P5 and PE3 in the first 1 minute is (600M+600M)bit/s. If the predetermined bandwidth threshold is 1000 Mbit/s, the bandwidth between P1->P5, P5->PE3, and P1->PE3 exceeds the predetermined bandwidth threshold. Similarly, for the first hour of LSP2 and LSP3, the bandwidth between P1->P6 exceeds the predetermined bandwidth threshold.
• Step 305 The server selects a node pair that exceeds a preset bandwidth threshold according to a preset routing policy, and serves as two endpoints of the direct optical path.
• the routing policy is assumed to be: Select the two nodes that are farthest from each other as the two endpoints of the direct optical path.
• the bandwidth of P1, P5, and PE3 exceeds 1 minute before the server analyzes.
• Schedule the bandwidth threshold the server will choose the most The two far nodes, P1 and PE3, serve as the two endpoints of the direct optical path.
• a node pair of an important location is preferentially selected as an endpoint.
• the server determines the two endpoints that go directly to the optical path.
• Step 306 The server sends a request for establishing a direct optical path between the two endpoints to the PCE-Lo through the PCE-Hi.
• the server can also determine the number of direct optical paths that need to be established according to the bandwidth between the two endpoints and a preset optical path bandwidth.
• the sum of the bandwidths of multiple LSPs between two endpoints is 10G bit/s
• the preset optical path is 2.5G bit/s
• four optical paths need to be established between the two endpoints.
• Step 307 The PCE-Lo calculates the optical layer path according to the topology of the optical layer.
• the PCE-Lo can calculate the optical layer path according to the topology of the optical layer.
• the optical layer path can also be calculated according to the topology of the optical layer and considering the wavelength damage factor. After the optical layer path is calculated by the PCE-Lo, the optical layer node is triggered to establish a direct optical path.
• Step 308 PCE-Lo returns a response to establish a direct optical path to the server through PCE-Hi.
• the PCE-Lo calculates the optical layer path
• a suitable optical layer path is not calculated, a setup failure response is returned to the server, and the process ends. If the optimal optical layer path is calculated and the direct optical path is established, a successful response is returned to the server. After the server learns that the direct optical path is established in the optical layer, the path re-optimization and service switching are initiated, and step 309 is performed.
• Step 309 The server instructs the PCE-Hi to assign an IP interface address to the two endpoints of the MPLS layer.
• an IP interface address needs to be assigned to the two endpoints in the MPLS layer, and an address pool dedicated to the direct link is maintained in the PCE-Hi, for example, the address pool. Belong to the same network segment.
• the two endpoints of the direct link perform address negotiation according to the address pool, and select two addresses from the address.
• Step 310 The server indicates that both endpoints of the direct optical path are all in the MPLS layer.
• the router advertises the new direct link.
• the MPLS layer needs to perform route advertisement.
• an OSPF Open Shortest Path First
• the new direct link is advertised so that each node on the MPLS layer can learn the new direct link.
• the notification mode is: sending information carrying the network topology path, carrying the newly created direct link information in the information, and of course, other manners can also be used for route advertisement, because PCE-Hi At the MPLS layer, the route advertisement can thus be received. After the PCE-Hi receives the route advertisement, step 311 is performed.
• Step 311 The PCE-Hi triggers the node record that the first node on the LSP modifies the path according to the route advertisement, and establishes a new LSP.
• the PCE-Hi triggers the first node of the LSP where the two endpoints are located, or the first node that the LSP experiences, according to the newly established direct link, and re-records the node experienced by the new LSP.
• the ERO in the path message is modified, and the ERO contains two endpoints of the direct optical path.
• Each edge node ensures that the data stream smoothly transitions to the new LSP according to the principle of make-before-break. Take the data in Table 2 as an example.
• the bandwidth threshold is determined based on the bandwidth of the previous 1 minute.
• the nodes that LSP1 traverses are: PE2, PI, and PE3.
• the nodes that LSP3 traverses are: PE1, PI, and PE3.
• the bandwidth threshold is determined based on the bandwidth of the previous hour
• the optical path is established between P1 and P6.
• the nodes that LSP2 traverses are: PE2, P1, P6, and PE4, and the nodes that LSP3 traverses are: PE1, P1, and P6. , P5 and PE3. That is, each LSP data stream is transmitted from the newly created optical path.
• Step 312 Record the correspondence between the original LSP and the newly created direct optical path.
• the correspondence between the original LSP and the newly created direct optical path is recorded on the PCE-Hi.
• the PCE-Hi For example, when the traffic or bandwidth between the two endpoints of the direct optical path is detected by the PCE-Hi to fall to a certain threshold.
• the PCE-Lo can be driven again to release the direct optical path. In this case, the traffic needs to be smoothly transitioned to the original LSP, and then the PCE-Lo is notified to delete the corresponding direct optical path, and the assigned IP interface address is recovered.
• the method for establishing the adjacency relationship between the routers is not established by using the command configuration in the prior art, but dynamically modifying the adjacency relationship between the routers, thereby being able to be in the router and the light.
• the direct optical path of the optical layer is effectively utilized to implement data transmission between the routers.
• this implementation can also integrate the server, PCE-Hi and PCE-Lo into the PCE. As shown in Fig. 4, it has the MPLS layer and the topology of the optical layer, and can calculate the path of each layer. It is also possible to integrate the server in PCE-Hi, as shown in Figure 5 or integrate PCE-Hi and PCE-Lo as shown in Figure 6.
• FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for establishing a direct optical path in an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7, the system includes at least two nodes 740, and the system further includes:
• the server 710 obtains a candidate node pair according to the monitored bandwidth occupied by each path and the node record experienced by each path, and the bandwidth between the candidate node pairs exceeds a preset bandwidth threshold; according to a preset routing policy, the candidate node pair Medium, select a node pair as the two endpoints of the direct optical path;
• the high-level path calculation unit 720 allocates an IP address to the two endpoints determined by the server;
• the lower layer path calculation unit 730 calculates the optical layer path between the two endpoints determined by the server.
• Server 710 includes:
• the candidate node pair obtaining module 711 obtains a candidate node pair according to the monitored bandwidth occupied by each path and the node record experienced by each path, and the bandwidth between the candidate node pairs exceeds a preset bandwidth threshold;
• the endpoint determining module 712 determines two endpoints of the direct optical path from the candidate node pairs obtained by the candidate node pair obtaining module according to a preset routing policy.
• the server 710 is located in the same physical entity as the high-level path computing unit 720, or the low-level path computing unit 730 is located in the same physical entity as the high-level path computing unit 720, or the server 710 is located in the upper-layer path computing unit 720 and the lower-layer path computing unit 730. Within the same physical entity.
• the server 710 may further include: a path re-optimization initiation that initiates a path re-optimization process a module, the module instructing the path calculation unit to allocate an IP layer address to the two endpoints obtained by the endpoint determining module, indicating that the two endpoints obtained by the endpoint determining module are allocated according to
• the IP address is used for direct route advertisement.
• the server 710 may further include: a recording module and a release module that record a correspondence between the original path and the direct optical path.
• a recording module and a release module that record a correspondence between the original path and the direct optical path.
• the present invention can be implemented by hardware or by software plus a necessary general hardware platform.
• the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which may be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (which may be a CD-ROM, a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, etc.), including several The instructions are for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention.

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• 2007
  • 2007-11-27 CN CN200710187372.XA patent/CN101447913B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2008
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