WO2009068380A1 - Tunnel backfilling method - Google Patents

Tunnel backfilling method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009068380A1
WO2009068380A1 PCT/EP2008/064418 EP2008064418W WO2009068380A1 WO 2009068380 A1 WO2009068380 A1 WO 2009068380A1 EP 2008064418 W EP2008064418 W EP 2008064418W WO 2009068380 A1 WO2009068380 A1 WO 2009068380A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tunnel
residue
water
backfilling
backfilling material
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2008/064418
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gregor Keilhofer
Peter Lange
Daniel Montalban Vicente
Rafael Valenzuela Esteban
Original Assignee
Construction Research & Technology Gmbh
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Publication date
Application filed by Construction Research & Technology Gmbh filed Critical Construction Research & Technology Gmbh
Publication of WO2009068380A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009068380A1/de

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
    • E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/42—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
    • C09K8/46—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement
    • C09K8/467—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement containing additives for specific purposes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00724—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 in mining operations, e.g. for backfilling; in making tunnels or galleries

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a method of treating a tunnel and the tunnel treated according to said method.
  • Tunnel backfill grouting is a method in which the usually annular space between for example concrete liner segments and the surrounding geological formation is filled with a grout material, usually a cementitious grout or a cement slurry. This is mainly done in order to stabilize the tunnel and the concrete liner segments against pressure from the surrounding geological formation and against the possible ingress of ground water.
  • Effective and reliable methods for supporting the geological formation in freshly excavated tunnel tubes or in the process of renovation of tunnel tubes are re- quired by the construction industry, also for safety reasons (danger of falling down of stones and rock parts after excavation).
  • US-4419135 A method of tunnel backfilling is described in US-4419135 wherein a cementitious grout, a plasticizer and a high molecular weight polyethylenoxide are used.
  • a cementitious grout, a plasticizer and a high molecular weight polyethylenoxide are used.
  • the mixing procedure of all ingredients is complicated and time-consuming because all ingredients have to be added in a certain sequence and the resulting pumpability / flowability of the grout could be improved.
  • US-A-2001000874 describes a method for cementing water-flooded conduits, in which a cement slurry, finished foam and a cellulose ether solution are employed.
  • a disadvantage of this invention is the fact that complex machinery is necessary for producing foams and foam stability is a common prob- lem. The process is also cost intensive and will therefore ordinarily be used in situations where significant amounts of water are present.
  • cementitious grouting materials for shield tun- nel applications are described.
  • the grouts contain calcium lignosulfonate and one representative selected from the group of carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylalcohol and sodium polyacrylate.
  • the technologies mentioned in the cited literature need to be more cost efficient and easier to be carried out (e.g. number of mixing steps to be carried out).
  • the workability (e.g. pumpability and flowability) of the grouts, respectively cement slurries should be good in order to let the grout or cement slurry flow for a long distance and simplify the placement process.
  • Tolerance against (running) groundwater should be improved because washing-out of the grouts or the cement slurries due to ingress of water leaking from the subterranean geological formation frequently occurs. This causes the most severe problems at the construction site.
  • the solution to the above mentioned technical problem is a method of treating a tunnel being a tunnel tube, preferably a traffic tunnel with an inner diameter wider than 2,5 meters, more preferably with an inner diameter wider than 5 meters, which is surrounded by a preferably water containing geological formation, comprising the following steps, formwork material is introduced into the tunnel tube so that a cavity between the formwork material and the geological formation is formed in longitudinal direction of the tunnel tube at the preferably upper and / or lateral parts of the tunnel tube and
  • hydraulic backfilling material is filled into said cavity in a way that the backfilling material gets into contact with the geological formation and the formwork material preferably at the upper and / or lateral parts of the tunnel tube, wherein the backfilling material contains the following compo- nents:
  • R 1 is the same or different and is represented by a hydrogen atom or a methyl residue and
  • R 2 , R 3 are each the same or different and are represented by a hydrogen atom, a branched or non-branched aliphatic hydrocarbon residue with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon with 5 to 8 carbon atoms and/or an aryl residue with 6 to 14 carbon atoms and
  • ground water can be running water, respectively water under pressure.
  • the consequent separation of the backfiling material results usually in (at least locally) reduced compressive strengths after hardening. In the worst case even voids in the backfilled structure might result.
  • the washout problem can be considerably reduced or avoided. This can be achieved at low cost by using a combination of certain stabilizers and certain water reducing agents. In this way the fresh backfilling material is rendered to a high degree waterproof and insensitive to the contact with water.
  • the method is relatively easy to practice (usually mixing of the grout or cement slurry in one step) and guarantees good flowability of the resulting grouts or cement slurries. A good quality and durability of the hardened construction materials can be obtained.
  • the tunnel treatment method of the present invention is not limited to a special kind of tunnel, preferably it is a traffic tunnel for example cars, trucks and trains. Also the excavation of the tunnel tube is not limited to special methods. One preferred method, especially for major projects is the use of tunnel boring machines (TBM).
  • TBM tunnel boring machines
  • the formwork material of step i) is preferably a prefabricated concrete tunnel segment or it can be a tunnel segment made of any other material, preferably steel.
  • a hydraulic backfilling material is filled into the cavity between the geological formation and the formwork material.
  • this is done in the upper and the lateral parts of the tunnel tube.
  • the bottom part, e.g. the cavity underneath the bottom of the tunnel tube is usually treated in this way.
  • the average distance be- tween geological formation and formwork material depends on the diameter of the tunnel tube and the specific requirements at the job site, preferred is a distance between 3 and 30 cm, more preferred is between 5 and 25 cm and most preferred is a distance between 8 and 20 cm.
  • the backfilling material should preferably get into contact with the geological formation (tunnel surface). There are two preferable methods of placing the backfilling material into the cavity between the geological formation and the formwork material.
  • the grout holes are holes in the wall of preferably a concrete tunnel segment.
  • the distance between two points of injection is preferably be- tween 0,5 and 20 meters, more preferably between 1 and 10 meters and most preferably between 1 and 5 meters.
  • the second method is to place the backfilling material by pumping it preferably through the tailskin of the tunnel boring machine (TBM) into the cavity between the geological formation and the formwork material.
  • TBM tunnel boring machine
  • the tailskin of the TBM is a metal plate which is attached at the backside of the TBM. Generally it provides protection from objects (stones, sand%) which could fall down from the tunnel's ceiling. Integrated into the tailskin are so - called grout ports, through which the backfilling material is pumped.
  • the formwork material is preferably placed below the tailskin of the TBM as the TBM moves forward. The method is often used in cases where the surrounding geological formation is unstable and has to be supported immediately.
  • the result of both preferable methods is a tunnel surface, which is covered by a layer of backfilling material.
  • the tunnel surface is covered by a layer of backfilling material in the upper and /or lateral part of the tunnel tube.
  • the hydraulic backfilling material used in the backfilling method contains a hydraulic binder a) which is preferably lime or cement. Cement is more preferable, most preferably is ordinary portland cement or aluminous cement.
  • the cementitious binder can also contain latent and / or puzzolanic binders like for example pulverized - fuel ash (PFA), granulated blast furnace slag and / or micro silica.
  • the hydraulic binder is contained in the backfilling material in an amount of 30 kg to 1.800 kg, preferably 200 kg to 1.000 kg, most preferably 300 kg to 600 kg per cubic meter backfilling material.
  • the backfilling material contains 10 kg to 2.000 kg of fine aggregates per cubic meter backfilling material, preferably according to DIN EN 12620 (EFNARC specification and guidelines for the use of specialist products for mechanised tunnelling (TBM)).
  • the fine aggregates can be a mineral material from a natural source (e.g. natural sand) and / or a mineral material produced by mechanical impact on a mineral material (e.g. a sand produced from crushed stone). Also it is possible to use suitable recycled mineral materials, which have been used in a building material before.
  • the fine aggregates are silica sand and / or calcareous sand.
  • the grain size of the fine aggregates according to DIN EN 12620 is pref- erably smaller than 8 mm, which means that preferably more than 95 weight % of the fine aggregates should pass through a sieve of the mesh size 8 mm.
  • the sum of the weight of fine particles from the hydraulic binder a) and the fine aggregates is between 250 kg and 1.500 kg, more preferably between 500 kg and 1.200 kg and most preferably between 700 kg and 1.000 kg per cubic meter backfilling material.
  • Fine particles (in the hydraulic binder as well as in the fine aggregates) are to be understood as particles of a size smaller than 0,25 mm according to DIN EN 12620. A relatively high proportion of fine particles contribute to a better consistency and better wash-out resistance properties of the backfilling material against water.
  • the hydraulic backfilling material contains further with respect to the hydraulic binder 0,1 to 6 weight %, preferably 0,5 to 3 weight %, most preferably 0,8 to 2 weight % of a stabilizer b) which functions also as a water retention agent and a viscosity modifier.
  • the stabilizer b) can be a polysaccharide like for example cellulose, starch, welan gum, xanthane, galactomannane and /or alginates. Preferred are starch, welan gum, xan- thane, galactomannane and /or alginates. Preferred polysaccharide derivatives are the respective ether derivatives.
  • the stabilizer b) is a cellulose ether derivative.
  • the cellulose ether can be an alkyl cellulose, e.g. methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, propyl cellulose and / or methylethyl cellulose, a hydroxyalkyl cellulose derivative like for example hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and / or hydroxyethylhydroxypropyl cellulose, further an alkylhydroxyalkyl cellulose derivative like for example methylhydroxyethyl cellulose, methylhydroxypropyl cellulose and / or propylhydroxypropyl cellulose.
  • alkyl cellulose e.g. methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, propyl cellulose and / or methylethyl cellulose
  • a hydroxyalkyl cellulose derivative like for example hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and / or hydroxyethylhydroxypropyl cellulose
  • alkyl cellulose derivative like for example methylhydroxyethyl cellulose,
  • cellulose ethers methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and/or ethylhy- droxyethyl cellulose, most preferred are methylhydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose and/or methylhydroxypropyl cellulose.
  • the respective non-ionic compounds are preferable.
  • carboxymethyl cellulose is less suitable due to the interactions of the carboxylic acid residues with calcium ions and the resulting reduced solubility of the carboxymethyl cellulose.
  • Preferred starch ether derivatives are for example hydroxypropyl starch, hydroxyethyl starch and methylhydroxypropyl starch. Especially preferred is hydroxypropyl starch.
  • Polyvinyl alcohol is also suitable as a stabilizer b).
  • the stabilizer b) can be represented by a (co)polymer containing acrylamide based structural units b-i) according to general formula I.
  • the structural units can result preferably from the (co)polymerisation of one or more monomers selected from the group of acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methylacrylamide, N-methylmethacrylamide, N, N- dimethyl acrylamide, N-ethyl acrylamide, N,N-diethyl acrylamide, N-cyclohexyl acrylamide, N-benzyl acrylamide, N,N-dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide, N,N- dimethylaminoethyl acrylamide and/or N-tertiary butyl acrylamide.
  • methyl acrylamide, N,N-dimethyl acrylamide and/or methacrylamide most preferable is acrylamide.
  • the structural unit b-i) is contained preferably from 5 to 100 mol %, more preferably from 10 to 95 mol % and most preferably from 20 to 80 mol %.
  • the stabilizer b) is the (co)polymer which contains the structural units b-i) and the (co)polymer additionally contains preferably 5 to 95 mol %, more preferably 20 to 60 mol % and most preferably 30 to 50 mol % of ionic structural units b-ii) which are derived from ethylenically unsaturated mono- mers.
  • the ionic structural units improve especially the solubility of the (co)polymers.
  • anionic monomers preferably sulfogroup containing monomers like vinyl sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, sulfoethyl acrylate, sulfoethyl methacrylat, sulfopropyl acrylate, sulfopropyl methacrylate, 2-acrylamido- 2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, 2-methacrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamidobutane sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2,4,4-trimethylpentane sulfonic acid and / or 2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropyl sulfonic acid.
  • anionic monomers preferably sulfogroup containing monomers like vinyl sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, sulfoeth
  • More preferred anionic monomers are 2-methacrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamidobutane sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2,4,4-trimethylpentane sulfonic acid and / or 2-hydroxy-3- methacryloxypropyl sulfonic acid, most preferred is 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sul- fonic acid.
  • All acids mentioned in the text before can be also used in their salt form, for example as the respective alkali,- or earth alkali metal salt and/or as ammonium salt.
  • the ionic structural units can also be derived from cationic monomers, preferably [2- (acryloyloxy)-ethyl]-trimethyl ammonium salts, [2-(methacryloyloxy)-ethyl]-trimethyl ammonium salts, [3-(acryloylamino)-propyl]-trimethyl ammonium salts and/or [3-(methacryloylamino)-propyl]-trimethyl ammonium salts.
  • cationic monomers preferably [2- (acryloyloxy)-ethyl]-trimethyl ammonium salts, [2-(methacryloyloxy)-ethyl]-trimethyl ammonium salts, [3-(acryloylamino)-propyl]-trimethyl ammonium salts and/or [3-(methacryloylamino)-propyl]-trimethyl ammonium salts.
  • the number average molecular weight of the (co)polymers containing structural units b-i), respectively of the (co)polymers containing structural units b-i) and b-ii) is preferably between 50.000 and 20.000.000.
  • the polysaccharides and especially the polysaccharide derivatives are preferred.
  • a water reducing agent c) is contained at a weight percentage with respect to the hydraulic binder of 0,1 to 6 %, preferably 0,5 to 3 % and most preferably 0,8 to 2 %.
  • the water reducing agent can be a copolymer containing 30 to 95 mol %, preferably 45 to 80 mol % of structural units derived from ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and / or anhydride derivatives of said acids preferably (meth)acrylic acid and / or maleic acid and 5 to 70 mol %, preferably 20 to 55 mol % structural units derived from ethylenically unsaturated polyether macromonomers and is preferably a polycarboxylate ether (PCE) - type copolymer.
  • PCE polycarboxylate ether
  • the mono-, and/or dicarboxylic acids can also be represented in their respective salt forms as for example alkali-, earth alkali metal salts and/or ammonium salts.
  • alkali-, earth alkali metal salts and/or ammonium salts for example the use of maleic acid anhydride as a monomer is possible because under the alkali conditions of the cementitious systems hydrolysis to the acid form, respectively to a salt form will occur more or less fast.
  • the structural units derived from ethylenically unsaturated polyether macromonomers are characterized by the presence of preferably C-2 to C-18 poly alkyleneoxide structures, preferably poly ethylenoxide (C-2).
  • the weight percentage of poly ethyleneoxide with respect to the C-2 to C-18 poly alkyleneoxide units is higher than 90 %, more preferably higher than 95 %.
  • the number of poly alkylenoxide re- peating units is between 5 and 250, more preferably between 20 and 150 and most preferably between 40 and 100.
  • the ethylenically unsaturated residue can be any po- lymerizable residue in a preferably radical polymerization.
  • Preferably only one ethylenically unsaturated, polymerizable residue is present in the ethylenically unsaturated polyether macromonomers. More preferred ethylenically unsaturated residues are polymerizable unsaturated alcohols (e.g.
  • vinyl ethers e.g. (alkoxylated) alcohols bearing a vinyloxy residue like (alkoxylated) 2-hydroxy-ethyl vinylether
  • (meth)acrylic acid esters e.g. esters from (meth)acrylic acid and preferably monohydroxy functional polyalkylene oxides
  • (meth)acrylic amides e.g.
  • amides from (meth)acrylic acid and preferably mono amino functional polyalkylene oxides, the amino function being preferably -NH2 or - NHMe)Jn an especially preferred implementation form of the invention the ethylenically unsaturated residue in the polyether macromonomer of the water reducing copolymer c) is represented by a vinyl ether and in one more especially preferred implementation form of the invention the ethylenically unsaturated residue in the polyether macro- monomer of the water reducing copolymer c) is represented by a (meth)acrylic acid ester.
  • Further monomers which are preferably of neutral or anionic character can be contained in the water - reducing copolymers. Preferred are for example sulfonic acid group containing monomers, styrene and/or (meth)acrylate esters with aliphatic C-1 to C-5 alcohols.
  • Further water reducing agents c) are acid residue- containing, hydrophilic, co-condensation products of ketone-aldehyde-resin.
  • the water reducing agents are produced from the reaction of aldehydes and ketones preferably at a pH value between 7 and 14, more preferable between 11 and 13 in the presence of acid residue introducing agents.
  • Preferred aldehydes are aromatic aldehydes, ar- aliphatic aldehydes like for example benzyl aldehyde, formaldehyde, aldehydes bearing a linear or branched C-1 to C-10 hydrocarbon residue and / or aldehydes bearing a cyclic C-5 to C-8 hydrocarbon residue.
  • aldehydes are propionaldehyde, croton aldehyde and /or benzaldehyde.
  • Especially preferred are acetaldehyde, formaldehyde and / or para formaldehyde.
  • Suitable ketones bear at least one non-aromatic residue in neighbourhood to the keto function.
  • Preferred ketones bear linear or branched, preferably saturated C-1 to C-10 hydrocarbon residues, aromatic residues and / or araliphatic residues. More preferred are methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diethyl ketone, acetone, acetophenone and / or cyclohexanone. Most preferred are methyl ethyl ketone and acetone.
  • the acid-residue introducing agents are preferably selected from the group of sulfite, hydrogensulfite, pyrosulfite, bisulfite adducts with aldehydes and / or ketones according to this invention, amidosulfonic acid, taurine, sulfanilic acid and / or phosphoric acid, respectively the salts of said acids. More preferred acid-residue introducing agents are sulfite, hydrogensulfite and / or pyrosulfite.
  • the acid residue-containing, hydro- philic, co-condensation product of ketone-aldehyde-resin is obtainable by co- condensation of ketones, which contain at least one methyl residue in the neighbourhood of the carbonyl function, preferably acetone and / or methyl ethyl ketone and aldehydes, preferably acetaldehyde and / or formaldehyde with acid residue - introducing compounds selected from the group of sulfites, hydrogensulfites and pyrosulfites at a pH value between 7 and 14, more preferably at a pH value between 8 and 13.
  • One further water reducing agent c) is melamine formalde- hyde sulfonate polymer.
  • Melamine formaldehyde sulfonate is the condensation product of melamine (2,4,6 - triamino - 1 ,3,5 - triazine), formaldehyde and sulfite under alkaline pH conditions.
  • the melamine in the condensation reaction can be partially replaced by suitable aminoplast builders, for example urea or thio urea.
  • ⁇ -naphthalene sulfonate polymer can be used as a water reducing agent c) according to this invention
  • ⁇ -naphthalene sulfonate polymer is produced from sulfonated naphthalene and formaldehyde.
  • a sulfonation reaction of naphthalene with concentrated sulphuric acid is carried out and in a second step the polymerization to ⁇ -naphthalene sulfonate is done in the presence of formaldehyde, prefera- bly under strongly acid conditions and at elevated temperature.
  • the melamine formaldehyde sulfonates and the acid residue-containing, hydrophilic, co-condensation products of ketone- aldehyde-resin are preferred.
  • the hydraulic backfilling material contains water d), preferably water according to DIN EN 12620. In most cases the water is potable water like for example tap water. The water should preferably be clean and free from impurities that could have a negative effect on the backfilling materials.
  • the water to hydraulic binder ratio should be between 0,2 and 1 ,0, preferably between 0,3 and 0,5.
  • the formwork material are prefabri- cated concrete tunnel segments or tunnel segments made from steel.
  • a treated tunnel preferably a traffic tunnel is obtained.
  • the treated tunnel is protected against pressure from the surrounding geological formation (danger of displacement or failure of formwork material) and the penetration of water into the tunnel.
  • a backfilling grout was mixed according to standard methods and tested according to API-fluid loss method according to API Spec 10 (American Petroleum Institute, Specification for Materials and Testing for Well Cements).
  • the backfilling grout is put into a filter press then pressure is applied (provided by compressed air or nitrogen) and the amount of water passing through the filter press is measured. The amount of obtained water is measured and also the time needed until no more significant amounts of water leaving the filter press can be found.
  • Table 1 summarizes the results for backfilling grouts.
  • the word grout means systems which contain also fine aggregates besides the hydraulic binder (preferably cement), water and other additives.
  • w/c is the water / cement ratio.
  • the cement was Milke CEM Il 42,4 R.
  • s/c is the ratio of fine aggregate to cement.
  • the fine aggregate was silica sand H33.
  • 3' Polytrol FL320® is a commercial product of BASF Construction Polymers GmbH.
  • API-fluid loss (of water) was measured according to API Spec 10 (American Petroleum Institute, Specification for Materials and Testing for Well Cements). The time in brackets indicates the time needed for obtaining the specified amount of water.
  • the examples 1 to 4 of table 1 show that the additives according to this invention provide for a much lower API - fluid loss compared to the comparative example with no such additive.
  • the fluid loss depends also slightly on the water / cement ratio (w / c) but this influence is very small compared to the effect of the combination of a stabilizer b) and water reducing agent c) according to this invention.
  • no significant reduction of the fluid loss can be obtained by the use of melamine formaldehyde sulfonate (only water reducing agent c)).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

Construction Research &AE 20070400[PF60354] Technology GmbH 21Summary of the invention The present invention concerns a method of tunnel backfilling in which hydraulic back- filling material is filled into a cavity between formwork material and the surrounding 5 geological formation, said hydraulic backfilling materialcontains the components a) hydraulic binder, b) a stabilizer selected from the group of polysaccharides, polysac- charide derivatives, polyvinyl alcohol and / or poly(meth)acrylamides, c) a water reduc- ing agent and d) water, so that the ratio water to hydraulic binder W/B is between 0,2 and 1.10
PCT/EP2008/064418 2007-11-29 2008-10-24 Tunnel backfilling method WO2009068380A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07121878 2007-11-29
EP07121878.8 2007-11-29

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WO2009068380A1 true WO2009068380A1 (de) 2009-06-04

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105396527A (zh) * 2015-12-15 2016-03-16 德阳九鼎智远知识产权运营有限公司 一种混凝土早强剂的制备装置及其智能控制系统
CN106121716A (zh) * 2016-06-13 2016-11-16 山东安实绿色开采技术发展有限公司 一种新型矿山充填添加剂
WO2018158299A1 (fr) 2017-02-28 2018-09-07 Chryso Composition hydraulique pour mortier de bourrage
CN109707407A (zh) * 2019-01-09 2019-05-03 中铁隧道局集团有限公司 砂浆罐车、砂浆罐车辅助转载装置及隧道施工运输方法
WO2022117528A1 (en) 2020-12-02 2022-06-09 Sika Technology Ag Process for the production of backfilling pastes for underground operations and method for controlling the flow of backfilling pastes

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CN109707407B (zh) * 2019-01-09 2024-05-14 中铁隧道局集团有限公司 砂浆罐车、砂浆罐车辅助转载装置及隧道施工运输方法
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