WO2009066121A1

WO2009066121A1 - Printed wiring board having acoustic channel

Info

Publication number: WO2009066121A1
Application number: PCT/IB2007/003575
Authority: WO
Inventors: Tapio Liusvaara
Original assignee: Nokia Corporation; Nokia, Inc.
Priority date: 2007-11-21
Filing date: 2007-11-21
Publication date: 2009-05-28

Abstract

A printed wiring board (46) including a first sound channel (68) extending through the printed wiring board. The sound channel includes a first aperture (74) into the channel on a first side of the printed wiring board and a second aperture (76) into the channel on a second side of the printed wiring board. The second side is angled relative to the first side. The first and second apertures are spaced from each other. The printed wiring board is adapted to be mounted in an apparatus with the first side being placed proximate a sound port (50) through a housing (36) of the apparatus. The sound channel is adapted to transmit sound between the first aperture on the first side and the second aperture on the second side.

Description

Printed Wiring Board Having Acoustic Channel

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Field of the Invention

[0001] The invention relates to a printed wiring board and, more particularly, to a printed wiring board having an acoustic channel .

Brief Description of Prior Developments

[0002] A surface mounted device (SMD) microphone has been used in the past on a printed circuit board in a mobile phone. A preferred location of a SMD microphone in a phone is at the bottom of the phone. In this location the microphone sound port through the housing of the phone cannot be easily accidentally blocked by a user's hand or cheek. Earlier, there was "room" at the bottom of the phone for the SMD microphone in this preferred location. However, new designs of telephone handsets are locating the antenna of the phone at the bottom of the phone, rather than at the top of the phone. Antenna location in the bottom of the phone is causing problems for SMD microphone location at the bottom of the phone. Antenna location in the bottom of the phone requires that the SMD microphone to be located away from its preferred position since the antenna design does not allow the SMD microphone type of components in the antenna area. This new bottom antenna area is causing the SMD microphone to be kept away from the whole volume in the bottom of the phone; typically about 10-15 mm from the bottom end of the telephone handset. Thus, the SMD microphone would to be located about 15 - 20 mm away from the bottom. However, in this location (15 - 20 mm away from the bottom) there are several challenges such as phone thinness, acoustical sealing against keypads, handling noise, etc. Having the sound port in the bottom of the phone housing is still desired as being the best location for the sound port. However, it is difficult to imagine how to operably connect a SMD microphone to the bottom end sound port if the SMD microphone is so far away from the sound port; required to be so far way from because of the presence of the antenna at the bottom of the phone .

[0003] There is a desire to provide a solution to the problem of providing a telephone handset with an antenna at the bottom of the handset, but which also has a sound port at the bottom of the handset with a SMD microphone on the printed circuit board of the handset .

[0004] There is also a desire to provide an acoustic conduit between a sound port in a housing of an apparatus and a sound device, such as a microphone or speaker for example, which is spaced from the sound port.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a printed wiring board is provided including a first sound channel extending through the printed wiring board. The sound channel includes a first aperture into the channel on a first side of the printed wiring board and a second aperture into the channel on a second side of the printed wiring board. The second side is angled relative to the first side. The first and second apertures are spaced from each other. The printed wiring board is adapted to be mounted in an apparatus with the first side being placed proximate a sound port through a housing of the apparatus. The sound channel is adapted to transmit sound between the first aperture on the first side and the second aperture on the second side.

[0006] In accordance with another aspect of the invention, an electronic assembly is provided comprising a printed wiring board; and a first surface mounted sound device on a first major surface of the printed wiring board. The printed wiring board comprises a first acoustic channel through the printed wiring board between the surface mounted sound device on the major surface and a perimeter edge of the printed wiring board.

[0007] In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method comprising assembling a plurality of layers onto one another to form a printed wiring board; and forming a first acoustic channel extending through the printed wiring board as the layers are assembled. At least one release foil is used to form the channel. The channel is formed with a first aperture at a first side of the printed wiring board and a second aperture at a second orthogonal side of the printed wiring board.

[0008] In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method is provided comprising providing a printed wiring board; forming a first hole into the printed wiring board; forming a second hole through the printed wiring board, wherein the second hole intersects the first hole; and closing a first aperture into the second hole. A second opposite aperture of the second hole remains open. The first and second holes are at least partially angled relative to each other. A first aperture of the first hole is located at a first side of the printed wiring board and the second aperture of the second hole is located at a second side of the printed wiring board.

[0009] In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method of assembling an apparatus is provided comprising providing an assembly comprising a printed wiring board and a sound device mounted on the printed wiring board, wherein the printed wiring board comprises a sound channel therethrough, wherein the sound channel comprises a first aperture at a first side of the printed wiring board and an opposite second aperture at a second side of the printed wiring board, wherein the first side is angled relative to the second side; and connecting the printed wiring board to a housing of the apparatus with the first aperture of the sound channel being located proximate a sound port through the housing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] The foregoing aspects and other features of the invention are explained in the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0011] Fig. 1 is a partial cross sectional view of components of a conventional mobile telephone;

[0012] Fig. 2 is a partial cross sectional view of components of another conventional mobile telephone;

[0013] Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view of an apparatus comprising features of the invention; [0014] Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of the apparatus shown in Fig . 3 ;

[0015] Fig. 5 is a partial cross sectional view of an alternate embodiment of the invention;

[0016] Fig. 6 is a partial cross sectional view of another alternate embodiment of the invention;

[0017] Fig. 7 is a partial cross sectional view of another alternate embodiment of the invention;

[0018] Fig. 8 is a block diagram illustrating some steps of one method of the invention;

[0019] Fig. 9 is a partial cross sectional view of another alternate embodiment of the invention;

[0020] Fig. 10 is a block diagram illustrating some steps of another method of the invention;

[0021] Fig. 11 is an exploded perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the invention;

[0022] Fig. 12 is a perspective view of an assembly- used in the apparatus shown in Fig. 11;

[0023] Fig. 13 is a partial cross sectional view of a portion of the assembly shown in Fig. 11; and

[0024] Fig. 14 is a partial cross sectional view of another portion of the assembly shown in Fig. 11.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0025] Fig. 1 shows one type of conventional surface mounted device (SMD) microphone 10 attached to a printed circuit board (PCB) 12 in a telephone handset 14. The microphone 10 is attached to a major side of the PCB 12 by solder 15. A gasket 16 is provided between the microphone 10 and an interior side of the housing 18 of the handset 14. The housing 18 has a sound port 20. A hole 22 in the gasket 16 and the sound port 20 allow sound to travel between the microphone 10 and the outside of the handset 14.

[0026] Fig. 2 shows another type of conventional surface mounted device (SMD) microphone 24 attached to a printed circuit board (PCB) 26 in a telephone handset 28. The microphone 24 is attached to a major side of the PCB 26 by solder. A gasket 30 is provided between the opposite major side of the PCB 26 and an interior side of the housing 18 of the handset 28. The PCB has a sound channel 32 extending straight through the PCB between the two opposite major sides. The housing 18 has a sound port 20. The gasket 30 has a sound hole 22. The port 20, hole 22, and channel 32 allow sound to travel between the microphone 10 and the outside of the handset 28.

[0027] Referring now to Fig. 3, there is shown a sectional view of an apparatus 34 incorporating features of the invention. Although the invention will be described with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be embodied in many alternate forms of embodiments. In addition, any suitable size, shape or type of elements or materials could be used.

[0028] The apparatus 34 in this embodiment is a mobile telephone. However, features of the invention could be used in other types of hand-held portable electronic devices, such as a music player, a gaming handset, a digital camera, a digital video recorder, a PDA, a laptop computer for example. In addition, it is well known for a hand-held portable electronic device to have multiple different applications, such as a music player application, a gaming device application, a digital camera application, a digital video recorder application, a telephone application, and/or an Internet browser application. It should be understood that features of the invention could be used in an apparatus have one or more of these applications.

[0029] The telephone 34 generally comprises a housing 36, a display 38, a keypad 40, a battery 42, an antenna 44, and other electrical and electronic circuitry including a printed circuit board or printed wiring board (PWB) 46. The electrical and electronic circuitry can include, for example, a controller such as a microprocessor and a memory. Various different types of housings, displays, keypads and user input sections, batteries, antennas, and other electrical and electronic circuitry are well known in the art and could be used with the invention.

[0030] The PWB 46 has a substantially flat planar shape with a central plane in the X-, Y- axes. This forms the PWB 46 with a side forming a first major- surface 52, an opposite side forming a second major; surface 56, and a perimeter edge 58 forming ends of the PWB. For example, the perimeter edge 58 can form four end edges or end sides for a square or rectangular shaped PWB. However, more end sides could be provided for a non-square or non-rectangular shaped PWB. The PWB might also have a curved or non-straight shaped end side. In addition, the PWB might be curved or shaped rather than being flat.

[0031] In this embodiment the telephone 34 has a microphone 24. The microphone 24 is attached to the first major surface 52 of the PWB 46 at a sound device mounting area 54 of the PWB 46. In this embodiment the microphone 24 is a surface mounted device which is connected to the PWB by the solder 15. The sound device mounting area 54 is located near a bottom edge side 60 of the perimeter edge 58. However, the mounting area 54 is spaced from the bottom edge side 60 by a distance 62. The distance 62 generally corresponds to the amount of spacing needed at the bottom of the telephone 34 to located the antenna 44 between the microphone 24 and the interior side of the bottom end 48 of the housing 36. For example, the distance 62 might be about 15-20 mm. In an alternate embodiment, the distance could be more or less. In addition, the microphone 24 could be connected to the PWB other than by a surface mounted connection by solder. For example, the microphone could be connected by mounting pins extending into the PWB or any other suitable connection. In addition, in an alternate embodiment features of the invention could be used with any suitable type of sound device, such as a speaker or sound transducer for example.

[0032] The housing 36 comprises two phone cover members; a front cover member and a rear cover member. However, in alternate embodiments more than two cover members could be provided. In this embodiment, the bottom end 48 of the housing 36 has a sound port 50 extending through it. A gasket 64 is provided between the interior side of the bottom end 48 and the bottom edge side 60 of the PWB to help mount the PWB to the housing 36. The gasket 64 has a sound hole 66 which is aligned with the sound port 50.

[0033] The PWB 46 comprises a sound channel or acoustic channel 68. The sound channel 68, unlike the sound channel 32 shown in Fig. 2, is not completely- straight. The sound channel 68 has a first section 70 and a second section 72. However, in alternate embodiments more or less than two sections could be provided. The first section 70 extends into the bottom edge side 60 and forms a first aperture 74 into the channel 68 at the bottom edge side 60. In this embodiment the second section 72 extends into the side of the PWB 46 forming the first major surface 52 and forms a second aperture 76. However, in an alternate embodiment the second section 72 could extend into a side of the PWB 46 different from the side forming the first major surface 52.

[0034] In this embodiment the first and second sections 70, 72 are straight and intersect each other at a 90 degree angle. However, in alternate embodiments, one or more of the sound channel section (s) might not be straight and/or might not intersect one another at a 90 degree angle. Examples of this are shown in Figs. 5-7 with sound channels 78, 80 and 82, respectively. Fig. 5 shows a single straight channel 78 with first and second apertures 74, 76 on the PWB 46'. Fig. 6 shows a sound channel 80 with two sections 84, 86 which intersect and are angled relative to each other at an angle different from the 90 degree angle shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 7 shows a curved sound channel 82. The curved sound channel 82 might be formed by use of a directional boring drill for example .

[0035] Referring back to the embodiment shown in Figs. 3-4, the second aperture 76 is located at the sound device mounting area 54. Thus, when the microphone 24 is connected to the first major surface 52 the microphone 24 is located directly opposite the second aperture 76. The solder 15 is prevented from substantially blocking the sound path between microphone and the second aperture, such as by properly arranging solder balls before reflow soldering. The bottom edge side 60 is located against the gasket with the first aperture 74 being aligned with the sound hole 66. Thus, the first aperture 74, the sound hole 66 and the sound port 50 are aligned to allow sound to be transmitted from outside the telephone 34 into the sound channel 68. The sound channel 68 is able to conduit the sound to the microphone 24. Thus, the sound channel is adapted to conduit sound from the bottom edge side 60 to a side of the PWB which is not directly opposite the side 60; in this case a side orthogonal to the bottom edge side 60.

[0036] Referring also to Fig. 8, one method of forming the PWB 46 will be described. This method comprises forming at least one section of the sound channel 68 (and perhaps both sections) with the use of at least one release foil. As indicated by block 88 a first substrate layer is provided. A release foil is connected to the first layer as indicated by block 90. A second substrate layer is formed on the first substrate layer as indicated by block 92. The release foil is removed as indicated by block 94. This results in a channel with an open top side. A third substrate layer is connected to the second substrate layer as indicated by block 96 to thereby close the top side of the channel and form an internal channel 68 where the release foil was previously removed.

[0037] Referring now to Fig. 9, an alternate embodiment of the PWB is shown. In this embodiment the PWB 100 has a sound channel 102 with a first aperture 104 at a first side 106 and a second aperture 108 at an orthogonal second side 110. The sound channel 102 has a first section 112 which intersects with a second section 114. Referring also to Fig. 10, the sound channel 102 is formed by forming a first hole in the first side to form the first section 112 as indicated by block 116. A second hole is drilled through the second side 110 to the opposite side and intersects with the first section 112 to form the second section 114 as indicated by block 118. A first aperture 120 of the drilled hole is closed by a member 122 as indicated by block 124 such that the sound channel 102 merely has the two apertures 104, 108. These are only some examples of the methods which could be used to manufacture a PWB comprising the invention, and the methods could be combined to form different sections.

[0038] With the invention the PWB can form a part of the sound conduit from the sound port in the housing to the microphone (or other sound device) on the PWB. In the specific example described above, the invention allows a sound port to be used at a bottom side of the housing of a telephone handset with the microphone being spaced from the bottom side of the housing to allow an antenna to be placed in the space between the microphone and the bottom side of the housing. Thus, the microphone can be a surface mounted device and still be used with an antenna being located below the microphone. [0039] An advantage of the invention includes the fact that less parts are needed when building the acoustical sealing structure for the microphone. Another advantage is the fact that the invention can provide a smaller total implementation. In addition, the invention can be provided in a thin form factor. The invention can integrate a SMD microphone sound channel to a printed wiring board. With an integrated sound channel it is possible to have a "bottom port type" microphone (a.k.a. zero height microphone) sound port in the preferred location for a telephone handset, in the bottom of the phone without complex mechanical sealing structure.

[0040] Earlier, this type of channel inside a printed wiring board would not have been possible to provide. Recent developments in printed wiring board manufacture now makes this implementation possible. For example, the invention can use one or more release films during the printed wiring board manufacture to form an internal channel through the board between two angled sides. Another solution would be to drill a groove on the printed wiring board surface and then block this groove with a plate on the top of printed siring board.

[0041] Although the invention has been described above with overcoming the problem of placement of the antenna at the bottom of the phone while still providing a SMD microphone and sound port at the bottom of the phone, features of the invention has advantages without being used in relation to a bottom located antenna. An example of this is shown in Figs. 11-14 wherein the invention is used with speakers located proximate a top of the telephone . [0042] Referring to Figs. 11-14, another embodiment of the invention will be described. The apparatus 130 can comprise any suitable type of hand-held portable electronic device as noted above. In this embodiment the apparatus 130 is a mobile telephone. The telephone 130 comprises a housing 132 having front and rear housing members 134, 136. A printed wiring board (PWB) 138 is housed inside the housing 132. The apparatus 130 includes a SMD microphone 24 and two SMD speakers 25 mounted on the PWB 138. However, more or less than two speakers could be provided. In addition, more of less than three surface mounted sound devices could be provided.

[0043] The PWB 138, in this embodiment, has three sound channels or acoustic channels 140, 142, 144. In this embodiment the three acoustic channels 140, 142, 144 are identical is size and shape. However, in alternate embodiments one or more of the channels could have different sizes and shapes. In addition, more or less than three acoustic channels could be provided. Each acoustic channel has a first section 146 and an intersecting second section 148. Each first section 146 has a general fluted or funnel shape with a wide end forming a first aperture 150 into each respective acoustic channel. The first aperture of the first acoustic channel 140 is located at a first side 152. Each second section forms a second aperture 160 into its respective acoustic channel. The second section 148 of all three channels 140, 142, 144 extends from each respective first section 146 to a second side 154 of the PWB 138. However, in an alternate embodiment one or more of the second sections could extend to a side opposite the second side 154. The first aperture of the second acoustic channel 142 is located at a third side 156. The first aperture of the third acoustic channel 144 is located at a fourth side 158.

[0044] The housing members 134, 136 form sound ports 162 through the housing 132 for each of the sound channels 140, 142, 144. The apparatus 130 has three gaskets 164; one at each of the first apertures 150. The gaskets 164 help to connect the PWB 138 to the housing 132. Each gasket 164 has a groove 166 for mounting the gasket on the edge of the PWB and a sound hole 168 which is aligned with the respective first aperture 150 and sound port 162. Thus, the ports 162, holes 168 and channels 140, 142, 144 provide an acoustic path for transmission of sound between the sound devices 24, 25 and the outside of the telephone 130.

[0045] It should be understood that the foregoing description is only illustrative of the invention. Various alternatives and modifications can be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. For example, features recited in the various dependent claims could be combined with each other in any suitable combination (s) . Accordingly, the invention is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances which fall within the scope of the appended claims .

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A printed wiring board comprising a first sound channel extending through the printed wiring board , wherein the sound channel comprises a first aperture into the channel on a first side of the printed wiring board and a second aperture into the channel on a second side of the printed wiring board, wherein the second aperture is located at a sound device mounting area on the second side, wherein the second side is angled relative to the first side, wherein the first and second apertures are spaced from each other, wherein the printed wiring board is adapted to be mounted in an apparatus with the first side being placed proximate a sound port through a housing of the apparatus, and wherein the sound channel is adapted to transmit sound between the first aperture on the first side and the second aperture on the second side .

2. A printed wiring board as in claim 1 wherein the first side comprises an end edge of the printed wiring board and the second side comprises a major surface of the printed wiring board.

3. A printed wiring board as in claim 1 wherein the sound channel comprises a first section extending inward from the first aperture and a second section extending inward from the second aperture, and wherein the first and second sections are angled relative to each other.

4. A printed wiring board as in claim 3 wherein the first section of the sound channel comprises a funnel shape.

5. A printed wiring board as in claim 1 wherein the printed -wiring board comprises a second sound channel extending through the printed wiring board, wherein the second sound channel comprises a first aperture into the channel on a third side of the printed wiring board and a second aperture into the channel on the second side of the printed wiring board, wherein the third side is angled relative to the second side.

6. A printed wiring board as in claim 5 wherein the third side comprises an end edge of the printed wiring board.

7. A printed wiring board as in claim 5 wherein the printed wiring board comprises a third sound channel extending through the printed wiring board , wherein the third sound channel comprises a first aperture into the channel on a fourth side of the printed wiring board and a second aperture into the channel on the second side of the printed wiring board, wherein the fourth side is angled relative to the second side.

8. A printed wiring board as in claim 7 wherein the fourth side is opposite the third side.

9. A printed wiring board as in claim 8 wherein the third side comprises an end edge of the printed wiring board, and wherein the fourth side comprises an end edge of the printed wiring board.

10. A printed wiring board as in claim 1 wherein the printed wiring board comprises a substantially planar substrate having a central major plane, and wherein the sound channel comprises a first section extending inward from the first aperture substantially parallel to the central major plane, and wherein the sound channel comprises a second section extending away from the first section at an angle.

11. An electronic assembly comprising:

a printed wiring board as in claim 1; and

a surface mounted sound device mounted on the second side of the printed wiring board at the sound device mounting area, wherein the surface mounted sound device is mounted over the second aperture.

12. An electronic assembly as in claim 11 wherein the surface mounted sound device comprises a microphone.

13. An electronic assembly as in claim 11 wherein the surface mounted sound device comprises a speaker.

14. An apparatus comprising:

a housing comprising a sound port;

an electronic assembly as in claim 11 connected inside of the housing by at least one gasket, wherein the at least one gasket comprises a sound hole therethrough, wherein the sound hole directly connects the sound port of the housing to the first aperture of the sound channel .

15. An apparatus as in claim 14 further comprising an antenna connected to the printed wiring board, wherein the antenna is located between the surface mounted sound device and a wall of the housing comprising the sound port.

16. An electronic assembly comprising:

a printed wiring board; and a first surface mounted sound device on a first major surface of the printed wiring board,

wherein the printed wiring board comprises a first acoustic channel through the printed wiring board between the surface mounted sound device on the major surface and a perimeter edge of the printed wiring board.

17. An electronic assembly as in claim 16 wherein the first surface mounted sound device comprises a microphone .

18. An electronic assembly as in claim 16 wherein the first surface mounted sound device comprises a speaker.

19. An electronic assembly as in claim 16 further comprising a second surface mounted sound device on the first major surface of the printed wiring board, wherein the printed wiring board comprises a second acoustic channel through the printed wiring board between the second surface mounted sound device on the major surface and the perimeter edge of the printed wiring board.

20. An electronic assembly as in claim 19 wherein the first surface mounted sound device comprises a microphone, and wherein the second surface mounted sound device comprises a speaker.

21. An electronic assembly as in claim 19 further comprising a third surface mounted sound device on the first major surface of the printed wiring board, wherein the printed wiring board comprises a third acoustic channel through the printed wiring board between the third surface mounted sound device on the major surface and the perimeter edge of the printed wiring board.

22. An electronic assembly as in claim 21 wherein the first surface mounted sound device comprises a microphone, and wherein the second and the third surface mounted sound devices comprise speakers.

23. An electronic assembly as in claim 16 further comprising a second surface mounted • sound device on a second major surface of the printed wiring board, wherein the printed wiring board comprises a second acoustic channel through the printed wiring board between the second surface mounted sound device on the second major surface and the perimeter edge of the printed wiring board .

24. A method comprising:

assembling a plurality of layers onto one another to form a printed wiring board; and

forming a first acoustic channel extending through the printed wiring board as the layers are assembled, wherein at least one release foil is used to form the channel, and wherein the channel is formed with a first aperture at a first side of the printed wiring board and a second aperture at a second orthogonal side of the printed wiring board.

25. A method as in claim 24 wherein the acoustic channel comprises a first section extending inward from the first aperture and a second section extending inward from the second aperture, and wherein the first and second sections are angled relative to each other.

26. A method as in claim 25 wherein the first section is formed with a general fluted shape.

27. A method as in claim 24 further comprising forming at least one second acoustic channel extending through the printed wiring board as the layers are assembled, wherein at least one of the second channels are formed with a first aperture at a third side of the printed wiring board and a second aperture at the second side of the printed wiring board.

28. A method as in claim 24 further comprising surface mounting a sound device to the second side at the second aperture .

29. A method as in claim 24 further comprising connecting the printed wiring board to a housing of an apparatus by a gasket at a sound port through the housing, wherein the gasket comprises a sound hole through the gasket, and wherein the sound hole connects the first aperture with the sound port .

30. A method comprising:

providing a printed wiring board;

forming a first hole into the printed wiring board;

forming a second hole through the printed wiring board, wherein the second hole intersects the first hole; and

closing a first aperture into the second hole, wherein a second opposite aperture of the second hole remains open, wherein the first and second holes are at least partially angled relative to each other, wherein a first aperture of the first hole is located at a first side of the printed wiring board and the second aperture of the second hole is located at a second side of the printed wiring board.

31- A method as in claim 30 wherein forming the second hole into the printed wiring board comprises drilling the second hole completely through the printed wiring board.

32. A method as in claim 31 wherein forming the first hole into the printed wiring board comprises forming the first hole with use of at least one release film during assembly of substrate layers to form the printed wiring board.

33. A method of assembling an apparatus comprising:

providing an assembly comprising a printed wiring board and a sound device mounted on the printed wiring board, wherein the printed wiring board comprises a sound channel therethrough, wherein the sound channel comprises a first aperture at a first side of the printed wiring board and a second aperture at a second side of the printed wiring board, wherein the first side is angled relative to the second side; and

connecting the printed wiring board to a housing of the apparatus with the first aperture of the sound channel being located proximate a sound port through the housing.