WO2009060172A1 - Détection de l'altération des capacités d'un conducteur - Google Patents

Détection de l'altération des capacités d'un conducteur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009060172A1
WO2009060172A1 PCT/GB2008/003592 GB2008003592W WO2009060172A1 WO 2009060172 A1 WO2009060172 A1 WO 2009060172A1 GB 2008003592 W GB2008003592 W GB 2008003592W WO 2009060172 A1 WO2009060172 A1 WO 2009060172A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
driver
eye
vehicle
stimulus
processing means
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2008/003592
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Dilwyn Edwin Marple-Horvat
Original Assignee
The University Of Bristol
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The University Of Bristol filed Critical The University Of Bristol
Publication of WO2009060172A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009060172A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/02—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
    • G08B21/06—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons indicating a condition of sleep, e.g. anti-dozing alarms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
    • A61B5/163—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state by tracking eye movement, gaze, or pupil change
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
    • A61B5/18—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state for vehicle drivers or machine operators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K28/00—Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions
    • B60K28/02—Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions responsive to conditions relating to the driver
    • B60K28/06—Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions responsive to conditions relating to the driver responsive to incapacity of driver
    • B60K28/066—Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions responsive to conditions relating to the driver responsive to incapacity of driver actuating a signalling device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V20/00—Scenes; Scene-specific elements
    • G06V20/50—Context or environment of the image
    • G06V20/59—Context or environment of the image inside of a vehicle, e.g. relating to seat occupancy, driver state or inner lighting conditions
    • G06V20/597—Recognising the driver's state or behaviour, e.g. attention or drowsiness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/18—Eye characteristics, e.g. of the iris
    • G06V40/19—Sensors therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/113—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for determining or recording eye movement

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to apparatus and methods for detecting impairment of a driver of a vehicle.
  • driver impairment is a significant cause of accidents involving vehicles.
  • an apparatus for detecting impairment of a driver of a vehicle comprising means for observing the behaviour of an eye of the driver, means for monitoring a steering movement of the vehicle and processing means configured to trigger an alarm condition if a predetermined action of the eye is observed and a corrective steering movement is detected.
  • the predetermined action of the eye may comprise closing the eye.
  • the predetermined action of the eye may further comprise subsequently opening the eye.
  • the eye may be closed for a period of substantially one second or more.
  • the predetermined action may comprise partially closing the eye.
  • the means for monitoring steering movements may comprise a sensor associated with a steering wheel of the vehicle for producing a signal representative of an angular displacement of the steering wheel from a reference orientation.
  • the processing means may be configured to detect a peak in the signal produced by the sensor which is indicative of a corrective steering movement.
  • the processing means may be configured to determine an angular velocity, an angular acceleration or a rate of change of angular acceleration of the steering wheel from the signal produced by the sensor, and to detect a peak in the angular velocity, the angular acceleration or rate of change of angular acceleration which is indicative of a corrective steering movement.
  • the processing means may be configured to detect a predetermined peak to peak amplitude in the signal produced by the sensor, or in the angular velocity, the angular acceleration or the rate of change of angular acceleration determined by the processing means.
  • the apparatus may further comprise sensing means for sensing a stimulus, wherein the processing means is configured to trigger an alarm condition if a stimulus is sensed by the sensing means and no corresponding action of the eye is observed.
  • a method of detecting impairment of a driver of a vehicle comprising observing the behaviour of an eye of the driver and monitoring a steering movement of the vehicle, wherein an alarm condition is triggered if a predetermined action of the eye is observed and a corrective steering movement is detected.
  • an apparatus for detecting impairment of a driver of a vehicle comprising an eye tracker for producing a signal representative of a direction of the gaze of the driver, sensing means for sensing a stimulus and processing means for processing the signal produced by the eye tracker, wherein the processing means is configured to trigger an alarm condition if a stimulus is sensed by the sensing means and no corresponding change is observed in the signal representative of the direction of the gaze of the driver.
  • Lack of response by the driver to a stimulus may be indicative of impairment, and thus if a stimulus, such as the appearance of a following vehicle's headlights in a mirror of the vehicle, is sensed by the sensing means and there is no corresponding change in the direction of the driver's gaze, the driver can be warned of his likely impairment.
  • the apparatus may further comprise means for generating a stimulus.
  • a method of detecting impairment of a driver of a vehicle comprising producing a signal representative of a direction of the gaze of the driver and sensing a stimulus, wherein an alarm condition is triggered if a stimulus is sensed and no corresponding change is observed in the signal representative of the direction of the gaze of the driver.
  • a vehicle comprising an apparatus according to the first or third aspect.
  • FIGURE l is a schematic illustration of an apparatus for detecting impairment of a driver of a vehicle
  • FIGURE 2 is a schematic illustration representing the behaviour of an eye in different stages of driver impairment
  • FIGURE 3 presents graphs showing the angular displacement of a steering wheel of a vehicle against time and the angular velocity of a steering wheel against time.
  • an apparatus for detecting impairment of a driver of a vehicle comprises an eye tracker 12 which is positioned within the vehicle so as to have an unobstructed view of the eyes 14 of a driver 16 of the vehicle.
  • the eye tracker 12 repeatedly forms images of the driver's eyes 14, and these images can be analysed to identify whether the driver's eyes are open or closed, and to calculate the direction of the driver's gaze (i.e. the direction in which the driver 16 is looking) and to observe and monitor the behaviour and actions of the driver's eyes 14.
  • the apparatus 10 also comprises a steering sensor 18 which is configured to produce a signal representative of the angular displacement of a steering wheel 20 of the vehicle from a reference orientation or position.
  • This signal is fed into a data processor 22, which also receives an output signal produced by the eye tracker 12.
  • the data processor 22 is configured to monitor steering movements of the vehicle as indicated by the steering sensor 18, and to observe the behaviour and actions of the eyes 14 of the driver 16, by analysing the output signal produced by the eye tracker 12. In the event that the observed behaviour of the eyes 14 and the steering movements of the vehicle indicates or suggests that the driver 16 is impaired, the data processor 22 triggers an alarm condition, as is described in detail below.
  • Figure 2a illustrates an eye 14 when the driver 16 is unimpaired. In this state, the whole of the eye 14 can be seen. An impaired driver 16 may begin to blink more slowly, in the sense that the eyelids descend and re-ascend visibly more slowly than when unimpaired. Additionally, short "bursts" of blinks begin to occur close together.
  • the driver's eyelids begin to droop or partially close, as illustrated by the dashed line in Figure 2b, gradually closing further and obscuring more and more of the pupils, until eventually more than half of each pupil is obscured by the eyelids, as is shown in Figure 2c.
  • the eyes either close completely, or the upper eyelids stop just short of the lower eyelids, leaving a very small amount of the eyeballs visible, as is illustrated in Figure 2d. In this condition, the driver 16 is unable to see.
  • the eyes 14 have closed (or substantially closed) in this way, they usually remain closed for at least one second, and typically remain closed for between two and four seconds. It will be appreciated that even this relatively short length of time is sufficient for the vehicle to drift off course, which may lead to a collision with another vehicle or a roadside object, for example.
  • the vehicle may have drifted off course, and thus a corrective steering movement may be required.
  • a corrective steering movement typically the driver 16 performs such a corrective steering movement by rapidly turning the steering wheel 20, and more than one such steering movement may be required before the course of the vehicle is corrected.
  • the apparatus 10 is configured to identify the features and actions described above to detect driver impairment, and to trigger an alarm condition in which the driver 16 is warned of or alerted to his impairment, or direct action is taken to minimise the risk to the driver 16 and other road users.
  • the eye tracker 12 is configured to observe the behaviour and actions of the eyes 14 of the driver 16. At the point where more than half of the pupil is obscured by the eyelid, as illustrated in Figure 2c, the eye tracker 12 "loses" the pupil, as there is no longer an unobscured view of the pupil. Thus, the action of the eye 14 in closing to this extent can be interpreted by the eye tracker 12 and the associated data processor 22 as an "eyes closed” event. When the eyes 14 reopen as the driver 16 regains alertness, the eye tracker 12 is able to "find" the pupil, and this can be interpreted by the eye tracker 12 and the associated data processor 22 as an "eyes open” event.
  • the eye tracker 12 will lose and find the pupil, and thus it is important that the eye tracker 12 and the data processor 22 are able to distinguish between a normal blink and an "eyes closed" event due to driver impairment.
  • the data processor 22 may measure the duration for which the eye tracker 12 loses the pupil, indicating that the eyes 14 are closed, and may compare the measured duration to a threshold, for example one second, to assess whether the apparent "eyes closed" event is likely to be due to driver impairment.
  • the steering sensor 18 is configured to produce a signal representative of the angular displacement ⁇ of the steering wheel 20 from a reference orientation or position, which typically represents a "straight ahead" orientation of the steering wheel 20, in which the vehicle will travel in a substantially straight line.
  • An output of the steering sensor 18 is fed into the data processor 22, which processes the signal produced by the steering sensor 18 and is able to identify features of the signal which are characteristic of a corrective steering movement.
  • the angular displacement ⁇ of the steering wheel 20 from the "straight ahead" reference orientation peaks rapidly, as shown in Figure 3 a.
  • the vehicle is travelling in a generally straight line, and thus there is very little angular displacement (i.e. ⁇ is small) of the steering wheel 20 from the "straight ahead” position.
  • the angular displacement ⁇ increases rapidly.
  • the steering wheel 20 is rapidly returned to the "straight ahead" reference orientation, so that the vehicle can once again continue in a generally straight line, characterised by very small and slow angular displacements of the steering wheel 20, as indicated generally at 36.
  • the angular velocity, — of the dt d 2 ⁇ steering wheel 20 changes rapidly (i.e. it has a large angular acceleration — — ), as is dt indicated in Figure 3b.
  • the data processor 22 is configured continuously to process the signal received from the steering sensor 18 to detect corrective steering movements such as those described above.
  • the data processor 22 may be configured to detect sudden peaks in the "raw" angular displacement signal received from the steering sensor 18, or may process the angular displacement signal to produce an angular velocity signal as shown in Figure 3b, and may also process the angular displacement or angular velocity signal to produce an angular d 3 ⁇ acceleration signal.
  • the rate of change of angular acceleration, — — (sometimes dt referred to as "jerk”), may be calculated.
  • One or more of these signals are analysed by the data processor 22, which identifies features such as peaks or peak to peak amplitudes of a predetermined value in the signal which are characteristic of a corrective steering movement, and triggers the alarm condition if appropriate.
  • the alarm condition is triggered.
  • the predetermined action or set of actions is typically an "eyes closed” event, or an "eyes closed” event followed by an "eyes open” event, but other observed actions or events may also be used to trigger the alarm condition.
  • the alarm condition may be triggered.
  • the alarm condition may comprise an audible warning, such as a tone, or more preferably a recorded message informing the driver that his ability to drive the vehicle safely is impaired and that he should stop. Additionally or alternatively, a visual indication may be provided.
  • a warning light on a dashboard of the vehicle may be illuminated.
  • the alarm condition may comprise a tactile warning that cannot be felt by the driver during normal operation of the vehicle.
  • the alarm condition may cause the steering wheel 20 or a driver's seat of the vehicle, or both, to vibrate.
  • the vehicle's engine management system may switch to a "safe" mode in which the vehicle's maximum speed is restricted or gradually reduced so as to minimise the risk to the driver and others in the event of a collision, or may cause the engine of the vehicle to cut out after a predetermined period during which the driver is warned of the impending loss of engine power and advised to find a safe place to stop.
  • a "safe" mode in which the vehicle's maximum speed is restricted or gradually reduced so as to minimise the risk to the driver and others in the event of a collision, or may cause the engine of the vehicle to cut out after a predetermined period during which the driver is warned of the impending loss of engine power and advised to find a safe place to stop.
  • the signal produced by the eye tracker 12 can provide detailed information about the actions and behaviour of the driver's eyes 14, and this information can be used by the apparatus 10 to assess or assist in the assessment of whether the driver 16 is impaired. For example, a signal representative of a direction of the gaze of the driver 16 (i.e. the direction in which the driver 16 is looking at a given time) can be analysed to assess whether the driver 16 is impaired.
  • the frequency with which a driver checks his mirrors may be evaluated to detect impairment.
  • Such checking may be spontaneous, or may be in response to a stimulus.
  • unimpaired drivers tend to check their mirrors spontaneously more frequently than impaired drivers, in almost all cases a driver, whether impaired or not, will check his mirrors in response to a stimulus. For example, if the headlights of a following vehicle appear in the rear view mirror of a vehicle the driver will almost always look in the rear view mirror. Thus, if a driver does not look in the rear view mirror in response to a stimulus such as the appearance of headlights, this may be indicative of severe impairment. The behaviour of a driver in response to a stimulus can thus be used to assess whether or not the driver is impaired.
  • the apparatus 10 may include one or more sensors positioned in or near to one or more rear view mirrors 26a, 26b, 26c of the vehicle, for detecting a stimulus such as the headlights of a following vehicle.
  • a stimulus such as the headlights of a following vehicle.
  • existing vehicle-mounted sensors such as rear facing cameras may be used.
  • sensors 24a, 24b, 24c are positioned in the left, right and central mirrors 26a, 26b, 26c of the vehicle respectively, and have outputs which are connected to the data processing apparatus 22.
  • the data processing apparatus 22 is configured with information relating to the position of the or each sensor 24a, 24b, 24c.
  • the data processor 22 is able to determine which sensor 24a, 24b, 24c has detected the stimulus, and the approximate position of the stimulus in relation to the driver 16.
  • the data processor 22 continuously monitors the direction of the gaze of the driver 16, by processing signals produced by the eye tracker 12.
  • the gaze of the driver 16 of a vehicle is typically directed at the road straight ahead for the majority of the time.
  • the direction of the driver's gaze changes frequently, to enable viewing of objects outside of his field of vision when looking straight ahead, for example to look at one of the mirrors 26a, 26b, 26c of the vehicle, to check on conditions and traffic behind the vehicle.
  • the data processor 22 is able to detect these changes of the direction of the driver's gaze, and can measure the angle of the direction of the driver's gaze relative to a reference "straight ahead" gaze direction.
  • a stimulus such as the headlights of a following vehicle by a sensor 24
  • detection of a stimulus such as the headlights of a following vehicle by a sensor 24 will typically be followed, within a relatively short space of time, by a change in the direction of the driver's gaze, as the driver looks in the appropriate mirror 26a, 26b, 26c.
  • the driver 16 is severely impaired, however, he may not look at the appropriate mirror 26a, 26b, 26c in response to the appearance of the stimulus, and thus if a stimulus is detected by a sensor 24 but the data processor 22 does not detect, from the signal produced by the eye tracker 12, a change in the direction of the gaze of the driver 16, the alarm condition may be triggered, as described above.
  • the apparatus 10 may further comprise means for artificially producing a stimulus to induce the driver 16 to look at one of the rear view mirrors 26a, 26b, 26c of the vehicle.
  • lighting elements 28a, 28b, 28c such as light emitting diodes (LEDs) may be housed in or near each of the mirrors 26a, 26b, 26c, and these may be periodically switched on by the data processor 22 to simulate the appearance of headlights of a following vehicle.
  • the lighting elements 28a, 28b, 28c are switched on gradually, slowly increasing in brightness to simulate the approach of a following vehicle. If after activating one of the lighting elements 28a, 28b, 28c a corresponding change in the direction of the driver's gaze is not observed, the data processor 22 may trigger the alarm condition, as described above.
  • a calibration procedure may be instigated when the driver 16 begins driving the vehicle. For example, the driver 16 may be prompted to look at each of the mirrors 26a, 26b, 26c in turn for a predefined length of time before beginning driving.
  • the data processor 22 may learn the required information using the signal produced by the eye tracker 12 over a period of time in an early part of a journey, although this approach relies on the driver 16 looking at the mirrors 26a, 26b, 26c a reasonable number of times during that part of the journey.
  • the data processor 22 can be implemented in a variety of ways.
  • the data processor 22 may comprise a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) IC or an appropriately configured Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC).
  • DSP Digital Signal Processor
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • the data processor 22 may comprise a general purpose computer executing an appropriate set of instructions.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un appareil (10) qui permet de détecter l'altération des capacités d'un conducteur de véhicule. L'appareil (10) comprend un moyen (12) permettant d'observer les réactions de l'un des yeux (14) du conducteur (16), un moyen (18) permettant de surveiller un mouvement de changement de direction du véhicule et un moyen de traitement (22) conçu pour déclencher une alarme si l'on observe une réaction prédéfinie de l'œil (14) et si l'on détecte un mouvement de correction du changement de direction.
PCT/GB2008/003592 2007-11-09 2008-10-23 Détection de l'altération des capacités d'un conducteur WO2009060172A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0722079.1 2007-11-09
GB0722079A GB0722079D0 (en) 2007-11-09 2007-11-09 Detecting driver impairment

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009060172A1 true WO2009060172A1 (fr) 2009-05-14

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PCT/GB2008/003592 WO2009060172A1 (fr) 2007-11-09 2008-10-23 Détection de l'altération des capacités d'un conducteur

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GB (1) GB0722079D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009060172A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2444919A1 (fr) * 2010-10-19 2012-04-25 Deere & Company Procédé et appareil de génération d'alertes
EP2688764A2 (fr) * 2011-03-25 2014-01-29 TK Holdings Inc. Système et procédé pour déterminer la vigilance d'un conducteur
EP2360048A3 (fr) * 2010-02-11 2016-09-07 Alcohol Countermeasure Systems (International) Inc. Verrouillage sensible au mouvement
CN111806230A (zh) * 2020-06-17 2020-10-23 宁波智翔信息技术有限公司 一种基于货车司机的防疲劳保护方法及其保护系统
WO2021059096A1 (fr) * 2019-09-27 2021-04-01 Alcon Inc. Déclenchement induit par un patient d'une mesure pour dispositifs de diagnostic ophtalmique

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US20050030184A1 (en) * 2003-06-06 2005-02-10 Trent Victor Method and arrangement for controlling vehicular subsystems based on interpreted driver activity
DE102004005163B3 (de) * 2004-02-02 2005-06-02 Braun, Uwe Peter, Dipl.-Ing. Vorrichtung zur Erfassung der Fahrtüchtigkeit eines Fahrers in einem Fahrzeug
US20060180379A1 (en) * 2005-02-11 2006-08-17 Ferrone Christopher W System and method for monitoring driver fatigue
WO2006131254A1 (fr) * 2005-06-09 2006-12-14 Daimlerchrysler Ag Procede et dispositif de reconnaissance de fatigue

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050030184A1 (en) * 2003-06-06 2005-02-10 Trent Victor Method and arrangement for controlling vehicular subsystems based on interpreted driver activity
DE102004005163B3 (de) * 2004-02-02 2005-06-02 Braun, Uwe Peter, Dipl.-Ing. Vorrichtung zur Erfassung der Fahrtüchtigkeit eines Fahrers in einem Fahrzeug
US20060180379A1 (en) * 2005-02-11 2006-08-17 Ferrone Christopher W System and method for monitoring driver fatigue
WO2006131254A1 (fr) * 2005-06-09 2006-12-14 Daimlerchrysler Ag Procede et dispositif de reconnaissance de fatigue

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2360048A3 (fr) * 2010-02-11 2016-09-07 Alcohol Countermeasure Systems (International) Inc. Verrouillage sensible au mouvement
US9770984B2 (en) 2010-02-11 2017-09-26 Alcohol Countermeasure Systems (International) Inc. Motion sensitive interlock for a vehicle having a breathe analyzer
EP2444919A1 (fr) * 2010-10-19 2012-04-25 Deere & Company Procédé et appareil de génération d'alertes
CN102456261A (zh) * 2010-10-19 2012-05-16 迪尔公司 警报产生
US8599027B2 (en) 2010-10-19 2013-12-03 Deere & Company Apparatus and method for alerting machine operator responsive to the gaze zone
EP2688764A2 (fr) * 2011-03-25 2014-01-29 TK Holdings Inc. Système et procédé pour déterminer la vigilance d'un conducteur
EP2688764A4 (fr) * 2011-03-25 2014-11-12 Tk Holdings Inc Système et procédé pour déterminer la vigilance d'un conducteur
US9041789B2 (en) 2011-03-25 2015-05-26 Tk Holdings Inc. System and method for determining driver alertness
WO2021059096A1 (fr) * 2019-09-27 2021-04-01 Alcon Inc. Déclenchement induit par un patient d'une mesure pour dispositifs de diagnostic ophtalmique
CN111806230A (zh) * 2020-06-17 2020-10-23 宁波智翔信息技术有限公司 一种基于货车司机的防疲劳保护方法及其保护系统
CN111806230B (zh) * 2020-06-17 2023-10-24 宁波智翔信息技术有限公司 一种基于货车司机的防疲劳保护方法及其保护系统

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