WO2009056796A1 - Appareil d'irrigation agricole - Google Patents

Appareil d'irrigation agricole Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009056796A1
WO2009056796A1 PCT/GB2008/003553 GB2008003553W WO2009056796A1 WO 2009056796 A1 WO2009056796 A1 WO 2009056796A1 GB 2008003553 W GB2008003553 W GB 2008003553W WO 2009056796 A1 WO2009056796 A1 WO 2009056796A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
channel
track
jib
jibs
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2008/003553
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Paul Beverley Westoby
Original Assignee
Paul Beverley Westoby
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Paul Beverley Westoby filed Critical Paul Beverley Westoby
Publication of WO2009056796A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009056796A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/09—Watering arrangements making use of movable installations on wheels or the like
    • A01G25/097—Watering arrangements making use of movable installations on wheels or the like guided or propelled along a water supply line with supply line traversing means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to agricultural irrigation and in particular to an agricultural irrigation apparatus that does not have direct connection to supply pipes and in its largest version is capable of distributing water over a large area of land in a single pass.
  • Most current agricultural irrigation systems use demountable portable pipes or reels of pipe onto which are attached sprinklers or rain guns/cannons that eject water in jets, sprays or pulses.
  • Some permanent systems have underground pipes supplying pressurised water to fixed outlets on which are mounted sprinklers or rain guns/cannons.
  • One system uses a series, six or more linked wide arcs, with sprinklers, mounted on motorised wheels, it receives water from a fixed supply point and moves in an arc or complete circular path around the supply point or uses mobile reels of pipe to supply the water. This arced system can operate on land that is not generally level and is more suited to irrigating pasture land.
  • One aim of the present invention is to provide permanent, reliable and efficient irrigation in a single pass over generally level land, the largest version extending over a wide area.
  • the apparatus so provided has a very low labour requirement and no dependence on directly connected supply pipes.
  • the invention typically has an overall span of 400 metres. Smaller versions of the invention can range from an overall span of 50 metres up to the 400 metre version. However, in general, the size of the apparatus does not affect the overall concept.
  • Figure Ia shows a cross sectional view according to the 400 metre overall span embodiment of the present invention, it shows a tower mounted upon a central carriage set on a wide railway type track with jibs, similar to those of a tower construction crane, mounted each side, and with a continuous level channel containing water beside the rail track;
  • Figure Ib shows a cross sectional view of a smaller 200 metre overall span version
  • Figure Ic shows the jibs (shown in Fig Ia) on one side only, one view from the centre outwards, the other from the tip of the outermost jib inwards;
  • Figure 2 provides a side view of the jibs ( as in Figs Ia & Ic) that comprise one half of the overall span of the apparatus, the other half being identical;
  • Figure 3 provides a plan view of one half of the overall span of the apparatus (illustrated in Fig 2) showing provision for achieving horizontal stability;
  • Figure 4 is an expanded side view of the railway mounted carriage/tower/pylon, subsequently referred to as the carriage/tower (shown as 11 in Figures la,lb,lc, 2 and 3) there is, in the base, a substantial tank carrying water, which also assists in providing stability;
  • Figure 5 provides an end view of the carriage/tower (shown in Fig.4) depicting the rail track, with a channel beside that provides the water that is sucked up by a pump and delivered into the tank; another pump draws water from the tank to supply water to the distribution pipes mounted along the length of the jibs with outlets that each provides a fan shaped spray of water that irrigates the land below; the actual plumbing of the outlets can take a variety of forms; and
  • Figure 6 amplifies aspects of the jib shown in Figure 2.
  • a jib is provided each side, of 100 metres, the jib being preferably of a single section (see Fig. Ib).
  • the jibs either side are each 200 metres long, each jib typically being a composite one of three sections: an inboard section, an intermediate section and an outboard section.
  • each jib is also usually a composite one but instead composed of two sections an inboard section and an outboard section.
  • Each of the jibs 13 are attached to the carriage/tower 11 some three and a half metres above ground level, the fixing 15 typically being of a sleeve and barrel type at the lower face of the jibl3.
  • the jibs 13 extend substantially horizontally each side at right angles to the carriage/tower 11.
  • each side are identical so that they counterbalance one another when mounted one either side, of the carriage tower 11.
  • the length of each jib can be from 50 metres (overall span
  • the carriage part 16 of the carriage tower preferably has nine pairs of wheels 42 that run on a railway track 18, as is detailed below.
  • the chosen height of the carriage/tower typically depends upon the mechanics required by the pairs of cables supporting the jibs 13. In a version of an overall span of 400 metres, the height is of the order of 30 metres.
  • the tower/pylon part of the carriage tower is preferably constructed in angled steel, very similar to an electricity grid pylon used to carry electricity distribution cables. Such a carriage/tower/pylon provides a strong unified structure that runs along the rail track 18.
  • the rail track 18 extends as far as is feasible, for a large version of the apparatus a track of less than about 1000 metres is generally uneconomic whereas one up to about 5000 metres is preferable. Smaller versions can extend to less than about 1000 metres.
  • the rail track route will have been well surveyed before the construction of the apparatus on site, in order to calculate the level of the track with respect to the land either side to ensure that the jibs are never less than three and a half metres above ground level.
  • the track is a straight run, but the presence of some gentle bends does not affect the function of the apparatus.
  • the track can also accommodate some gradient longitudinally.
  • the gauge of the track 18 is preferably of the order of 4 metres wide for a version having an overall span of 400 metres, this is calculated to provide sufficient stability to the carriage/tower 16/11 and jibs 13. Versions with a lesser span have an appropriately less wide corresponding rail track.
  • the track 18 must be maintained substantially level across the width of the track, since any discrepancy would be multiplied along the length of the jibs 13.
  • Beside the track is located a channel 50, or channels if there are two, one either side of the track, supplying water.
  • each jib 13 is typically constructed to a triangular cross- sectional form with the height greater than the base width, very similar to the jibs of tower construction cranes. Closer inspection of Figure 2 reveals that the entire jib 13 comprises according to one embodiment in which the jib length is 200 metres long (400 metres overall span), three triangular cross-section framework structures 19, 20 and 21 (hereinafter referred to as the inboard, intermediate and outboard sections respectively).
  • the structure of the sections 19 to 21 is similar although the inboard section is preferably more substantial and without the ability to be raised or lowered a little when in use. It can be constructed in steel angle or similar as required to make it a stable and integrally sound structure.
  • the inboard sections each side of the tower can be likened to a pedestrian suspension bridge of the type having a single central pier, the central pier representing the carriage/tower.
  • the intermediate section is typically of a lesser cross-section than the inboard one and constructed with attention being given towards reducing its weight, the outboard section too being typically of a lesser cross-section than the intermediate one and with even more attention, both in materials and design, being given towards reducing weight.
  • junction of the inboard and intermediate sections and that of the intermediate and outboard sections is preferably of a sleeve and barrel type fixing at the lower face of each (see Figure 6), that thus allows the outer end of the intermediate and outboard sections to be raised or lowered a little, so as to accommodate small variations in ground level further away from the rail track and any departure of the rail track itself, across its width, being substantially level.
  • any intermediate sections 20 and any outboard sections 21 there are structures (22, 23 ) extending vertically (a respective mini tower see Fig.6), in this embodiment of a 400 metre overall span for example, to a height of some 8 metres for the intermediate one (22) and 5 metres for the outboard one (23).
  • Two pairs of suspension cables 29 (closer together so as not to impede pair 28) and 30 (this pair wider apart so as not to impede pair 31) are anchored towards the apex of the vertical structure 22 (cable pairs 29 and 30 are fixed at this apex 22 and do not run through it); the other ends of the pair of cables 30 are anchored to the outer end of the intermediate section one to each base corner, and tensioned to provide the hypotenuse of a right angle triangle, composed of the intermediate section 20 and the vertical structure 22.
  • the other ends of the pair 29 extend to the middle of the inboard section, 19, where they are fixed at to a hydraulic piston unit 55 at 29a, see Figure 6, that can adjust the pair of cables, pulling or releasing the pair, no more than three quarters of a metre of movement, so as to raise or lower the outer end of the intermediate section, 20.
  • One end of the hydraulic piston unit (Fig 6 & inset 'a') is fixed with a sleeve and barrel fixing across the base inside of the inboard section, the pair of cables, through separate eyes, emerge from the other end of the piston unit passing up, one each side of the apex member of the jib section, to its fixing at the apex of the vertical structure 22.
  • the piston when un-extended holds this intermediate section substantially horizontally.
  • the intermediate section, 20 is a tower construction crane mounted at the end of the inboard section 19.
  • the other ends of the pair of cables 31 extend to the middle of the intermediate section, 20, where they are fixed to a hydraulic piston unit 55 at 31a, ( Figure 6 & inset 'a') that can adjust the pair of cables, pulling or releasing the pair, no more than 1.25 metres of movement, so as to raise or lower the outer end of the outboard section.
  • One end of the hydraulic piston unit is fixed with a sleeve and barrel fixing across the base inside of the intermediate section, the pair of cables, through separate eyes, emerge from the other end of the piston unit passing up, one each side of the apex member of the section, to its fixing at the apex of the vertical structure 23.
  • the piston holds this outboard section substantially horizontally when at the mid-point of its movement.
  • the hydraulic piston mechanism 55 as shown in Figure 6 inset 'a', comprises a rectangular steel frame about 3 metres long and 1.5 metres wide, that at one end is fixed with a sleeve and barrel fixing across the base, inside of the jib section to which it is fixed.
  • the rectangular frame contains the hydraulic piston, at the end opposite to the sleeve and barrel fixing, is located the hydraulic piston that can push a plate, in the direction of the sleeve and barrel fixing, along a grooved track on the inside of the longer side of the rectangular frame.
  • the pair of cables one each side of the piston Fixed to the plate are the pair of cables one each side of the piston, they, the cables, each passing through an eye in the head of the rectangular frame and on, passing one each side of the apex member of the jib, up to their fixings towards the apex of the mini tower.
  • a motorised worm gear mechanism can be used in place of the hydraulic piston. The activation of the hydraulic piston or the motorised worm gear mechanism to raise or lower the intermediate and/or the outboard jibs is carried out by the operator of the apparatus when advised by sensors indicating the height of the jibs from the ground or it can be automated.
  • Vertical support as has been described is typically provided by cables in pairs 26, 27 and 28, three pairs of cables each side, thus twelve cables in total.
  • Lateral support for larger spanned versions of the apparatus preferably have extra support provided by cables 26b and 26c and 33, 34, 35, 36 (see Figure 3) which brace the whole jib together in the horizontal plane
  • Both cables 26b and 26c are fixed to the corners, 26d, of the carriage 16, the other ends are fixed one to point 26a and the other to 33a, the same fore and aft of the jib and each side of the carriage.
  • cables 33 and 34 have one end of each fixed to the sideways extending structure 22a mounted at the outer end of the inboard section 19 close to where the sleeve and barrel connection joins it to the intermediate section 20 of the jib. Cables 33 and 34 have their other ends respectively fixed to the bottom corners of the inboard section 19 at point 33a and intermediate section of the jib 20 at point 34a.
  • Cables 35 and 36 have their other ends respectively fixed to the bottom comers of the intermediate section 20 at point 35a and outboard section of the jib 21 at point 36a.
  • the carriage/tower consists of an integral structure, the lower part of which is referred to as the 'carriage' 16, the upper part 40 being the 'tower' or 'pylon' (for in some respects it is more comparable to an electricity grid transmission pylon).
  • the carriage 16 for a 400 metre overall span version of the apparatus is typically approximately 20 metres long, 3.5 to 4 metres wide, and about 6 metres high, with the tower/pylon being about 30 metres high.
  • the base 41 is mounted on multiple (e.g. nine) axles, on each being mounted a pair of flanged metal wheels 42.
  • the wheels can be cast iron metal flanged wheels of the type used on conventional railway wagons.
  • the base 41 is made to incorporate a large tank, 43, that can carry up to 120 cubic metres of water; 120 cubic metres of water provides 120,000 kilos weight/120 tons.
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of the water supply channel 50 that is provided alongside the rail track.
  • a pump 45 draws water, through a suction pipe 52 the mouth of which trails along the bottom of the channel as the carriage progresses along the rail track.
  • the mouth of the suction pipe 52 preferably comprises a metal pipe provided with multiple entry ports this trails along at the bottom of the channel and also trailing along but floating on the surface is a baffle plate, both the multiple ports and the baffle plate are to prevent "whirl-pooling" and entry of air into the suction pipe 52 that would destroy the suction.
  • the suction pipe preferably has a non return valve that obviates the need to re-prime it when the mouth comes out of the water when passing from the channel at one level to the channel at a higher or lower level.
  • the water is delivered into the large tank 43 in the carriage. There is automatic control of pump 45 so that it ceases filling the tank when it is full and restarts when 80% foil.
  • Another pump 46 (or pumps if there are two, one to supply each jib), draw water from the tank delivering the water to the distribution pipes 47 located along the length of the jibs.
  • the distribution pipes supply water to outlets mounted usually at 1 to 2 metre spacing all along the length of the jibs.
  • the jibs 13 may be varied along the length of the jibs 13 thereby ensuring an adequate supply of water to the outlets. Indeed there may be two or three delivery pipes with outlets to serve sectors of the jibs to ensure adequate and even distribution of the water.
  • a platform 49 (see Figure 4) above the tank provides access to the top of the tank and storage space for liquid forms of fertilizer that can be added by 'Venturi' inlet to the water passing to the distribution pipes.
  • the jibs can if desired carry separate pipe- work for high pressure spraying of pesticides, fungicides or herbicides.
  • the water supply channel 50 (see Figure 5) preferably lies close to the rail track. Such channels are commonly found as part of the water distribution infrastructure on irrigation projects covering large areas of generally level land.
  • the channels are set to be substantially level. As water is drawn off, water in the channel flows along by gravity to replace the water drawn off, water being fed into the channel from another similar level channel or other reserve at a higher level, these in turn being filled from the water source.
  • Such known channels comprise half round pre-cast concrete sections between 3 and 5 metres in length, and width between 1 and 2 metres. Concrete pillars or posts/columns with a curved seat
  • a float door typically permits water from a channel at a higher level to fill a channel at a lower level, the float door closing when the lower channel is full.
  • the channel beside the rail track follows this known design excepting in this invention the pre-cast concrete sections 50 are deeper than half round to a 'U' cross section as shown in Figure 5, or alternatively it is about the three quarters round of a concrete pipe, the quarter round opening at the top being sufficient to accommodate the suction pipe trailing along. The greater depth is necessary to prevent the whirlpool effect and to enable the channel to carry a greater quantity of water.
  • the channel could be made, of 'U' shaped or the three quarters round of a pipe, pressed metal or PVC sections/lengths suitably sealed and jointed and mounted on similar metal or concrete posts with curved shaped seats to carry the sections.
  • the suction pipe close to the inlet end, has the usual non return valve to obviate the need for re-priming when trailing along in the channel the suction pipe inlet comes out of the water in a channel at one level and enters the water in a channel at a different level.
  • a guide way ensures the suction pipe inlet leaves one channel and enters the next run of channel satisfactorily.
  • the rail track can accommodate some longitudinal gradient unlike the channel, which must instead use levelled runs in "steps" in such circumstances.
  • the rail track 18 is of a conventional railway design for the version of 400 metres overall span with a gauge of 4 metres with lesser spans requiring a lesser gauge.
  • the metal rails are preferably mounted on concrete railway sleepers 54.
  • the land will have been well surveyed beforehand to ascertain the level of the track with respect to the adjoining land, thus ensuring that the jibs will always be substantially at the desired level above the ground.
  • the track must be substantially level across its width.
  • the mounting of the rails on their sleepers can include an appropriate mechanism to make small adjustments to maintain the track level. Considerable attention must be given to ground conditions when laying the track with, in some cases, short piles being necessary.
  • the invention provides a long term, for example 50 years or more, investment of a semipermanent character thus justifying the laying of a very sound track.
  • the carriage/tower 16/11 is usually self-propelled with its own diesel or gas engine (not shown) that provides hydraulic and/or electric power for the pumps and other mechanisms and drive to some or all of the wheels or axles 42.
  • the drive to the wheels or axles can be by hydraulic motor or conventional gearbox mechanisms. If a suitable electricity supply is available the apparatus can be propelled using electric motors directly or via hydraulic motors, oil pressure being derived from an electric pump.
  • the electricity can taken from overhead cables as with an electric train locomotive.
  • the whole apparatus progresses only slowly, moving along the rail track at as little as about 100 metres per hour depending upon factors including the amount of water being applied, the sizes of the water outlets, the pressure of the water proceeding from the outlets and the rate of flow of the water entering the supply channel.
  • the apparatus typically requires only one or two operatives.
  • the invention operates only along the track where it has been assembled. It is possible, and more particularly so for smaller versions, at the end of a long run of rail track to have a turntable to turn the apparatus through 90 degrees with a track at right angles running for the distance of the overall span without the water channel, to another turntable turning 90 degrees to another long run of track with the water channel beside it, thus utilising the apparatus to irrigate the land each side of another parallel run of rail track.
  • a version of the apparatus with an overall span of 400 metres can typically deliver 5mm of water over a 400 metre strip of land 1000 metres long, 40 hectares, in about 10 hours, 100 metres per hour.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un appareil d'irrigation agricole destiné à être utilisé sur un terrain globalement à niveau, qui comprend typiquement un chariot autopropulsé (16) avec des roues à boudin (42) qui se déplacent sur une voie ferrée (18), le chariot (16) portant une tour (40) qui soutient, de chaque côté, de longs (voire très longs) bras (13) à environ 3 mètres, à peu près, au-dessus du niveau du sol. Les bras (13) peuvent être similaires au type utilisé sur des grues de construction en tour, et, sur la longueur desdits bras (13) sont montés des tuyaux avec des orifices de sortie donnant une pulvérisation d'eau de préférence en forme d'éventail tous les 1 à 2 mètres, de façon à distribuer ainsi de l'eau pour irriguer le terrain situé en dessous. L'eau peut être aspirée par une pompe (46) à partir d'un grand réservoir (43) dans la base du chariot/tour (16/40), ce réservoir (43) étant rempli par une autre pompe (45) qui aspire de l'eau, pendant que l'appareil avance, par l'intermédiaire d'un tuyau d'aspiration (52) raccordé à un canal d'eau de niveau continu (50) s'étendant à côté de la voie ferrée (18). Le remplissage du canal (50) s'effectue par gravité à partir d'une source d'eau éloignée.
PCT/GB2008/003553 2007-11-01 2008-10-22 Appareil d'irrigation agricole WO2009056796A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0721465A GB0721465D0 (en) 2007-11-01 2007-11-01 Agricultural irrigation apparatus
GB0721465.3 2007-11-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009056796A1 true WO2009056796A1 (fr) 2009-05-07

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ID=38834674

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PCT/GB2008/003553 WO2009056796A1 (fr) 2007-11-01 2008-10-22 Appareil d'irrigation agricole

Country Status (2)

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GB (1) GB0721465D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009056796A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013028836A1 (fr) * 2011-08-23 2013-02-28 Valmont Industries, Inc. Ensemble d'irrigation suspendu ayant trois tendeurs tirants ou plus
CN104756831A (zh) * 2015-04-28 2015-07-08 山东农业大学 管移式自动灌溉系统
WO2023274483A1 (fr) * 2021-06-30 2023-01-05 Benmakhlouf Abdenour Système d'irrigation linéaire électrique autonome

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2249130A (en) * 1938-10-03 1941-07-15 Leo A Gunther Irrigation machine
US3608825A (en) * 1969-08-14 1971-09-28 Richard F Reinke Linear irrigation system with water tank
US3942722A (en) * 1973-06-29 1976-03-09 Ainsley Neville Ede Ground treatment apparatus
DE3341967A1 (de) * 1983-11-21 1985-05-30 Anselm 3447 Meißner Lischka Mobiles landwirtschaftlisches grossspritzgeraet
DE4016545A1 (de) * 1990-05-18 1991-11-21 Horst Lienhop Giesswagen

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2249130A (en) * 1938-10-03 1941-07-15 Leo A Gunther Irrigation machine
US3608825A (en) * 1969-08-14 1971-09-28 Richard F Reinke Linear irrigation system with water tank
US3942722A (en) * 1973-06-29 1976-03-09 Ainsley Neville Ede Ground treatment apparatus
DE3341967A1 (de) * 1983-11-21 1985-05-30 Anselm 3447 Meißner Lischka Mobiles landwirtschaftlisches grossspritzgeraet
DE4016545A1 (de) * 1990-05-18 1991-11-21 Horst Lienhop Giesswagen

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013028836A1 (fr) * 2011-08-23 2013-02-28 Valmont Industries, Inc. Ensemble d'irrigation suspendu ayant trois tendeurs tirants ou plus
CN104756831A (zh) * 2015-04-28 2015-07-08 山东农业大学 管移式自动灌溉系统
CN104756831B (zh) * 2015-04-28 2016-09-28 山东农业大学 管移式自动灌溉系统
WO2023274483A1 (fr) * 2021-06-30 2023-01-05 Benmakhlouf Abdenour Système d'irrigation linéaire électrique autonome

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Publication number Publication date
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