WO2009049610A2 - Dispositif de mesure destiné à déterminer l'état de fonctionnement d'un arbre, procédé et ensemble arbre muni du dispositif de mesure - Google Patents
Dispositif de mesure destiné à déterminer l'état de fonctionnement d'un arbre, procédé et ensemble arbre muni du dispositif de mesure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009049610A2 WO2009049610A2 PCT/DE2008/001693 DE2008001693W WO2009049610A2 WO 2009049610 A2 WO2009049610 A2 WO 2009049610A2 DE 2008001693 W DE2008001693 W DE 2008001693W WO 2009049610 A2 WO2009049610 A2 WO 2009049610A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- shaft
- torque
- signal
- measuring device
- operating state
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L3/00—Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency, in general
- G01L3/02—Rotary-transmission dynamometers
- G01L3/04—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft
- G01L3/10—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating
- G01L3/101—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating involving magnetic or electromagnetic means
- G01L3/104—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating involving magnetic or electromagnetic means involving permanent magnets
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L3/00—Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency, in general
- G01L3/02—Rotary-transmission dynamometers
- G01L3/04—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft
- G01L3/10—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L3/00—Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency, in general
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L3/00—Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency, in general
- G01L3/02—Rotary-transmission dynamometers
- G01L3/04—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft
- G01L3/08—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving optical means for indicating
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L3/00—Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency, in general
- G01L3/02—Rotary-transmission dynamometers
- G01L3/04—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft
- G01L3/10—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating
- G01L3/12—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating involving photoelectric means
Definitions
- Measuring device for detecting the operating state of a shaft for detecting the operating state of a shaft, method and shaft arrangement with the measuring device
- the invention relates to a measuring device for detecting the torque operating state of a shaft in the form of a torque, a torque change and / or an equivalent size with a signal generator which is rotatably connected to the shaft and / or connected to a signal receiver, which for detection is formed of the signal generator and outputs a measurement signal with a speed-dependent component as a function of the detection of the signal generator, and with an evaluation device for determining the torque operating state of the shaft based on and / or by evaluation of the measurement signal.
- the invention further relates to a corresponding method for detecting a torque operating state of a shaft and a shaft arrangement with the measuring device.
- the measurement of a torque or a torque change of a shaft during operation is often part of a monitoring of a manufacturing or working machine.
- the knowledge of the torque is necessary to z. For example, it is possible to make estimates about work quality, load or wear of the respective machines.
- the metrological determination of the torque is often carried out with a serially coupled intermediate member whose torsion is measured and converted over predetermined characteristics into a torque.
- optical measuring methods are used, in which the displacement of two spaced apart from each other at an axial distance reference marks in the circumferential direction is detected metrologically.
- Other measuring systems evaluate the torsion of the intermediate member with mechanical or magnetic measuring means.
- the intermediate elements necessary for the measuring methods limit the applicability of this type of measuring method to shafts which transmit only small torques.
- the distortion of the torque-loaded shaft is measured directly on the basis of different measuring methods.
- the shaft is provided, for example with strain gauges (DMS), which detect the distortion.
- DMS strain gauges
- Methods are also known in which the change in a magnetic field is measured due to twisting of the shaft and a torque is derived therefrom. These methods evaluate path differences in a sub-millimeter range due to the twist and are therefore susceptible to interference due to the system in difficult operating environments such as soiling, heat and the like.
- Common practice is to use the electric current of the drive motor of the shaft as a basis for calculating an estimate of a torque actually transmitted through the shaft.
- the motor current or the motor power is offset with a speed of the shaft tapped off at any desired position, and from this a torque is estimated.
- the latter solution is evaluated disadvantageously, as these too slow reaction times, inaccurate measurements and a constantly changing reference base should show.
- it is proposed in the article, instead of determining the torque over the motor current, to apply a magnetic coding on the shaft and to determine the torque over the magnetic field changing due to the stress or distortion irrespective of the rotational speed or direction of rotation of the shaft.
- the invention has for its object to provide a measuring device, a method and a shaft assembly with the measuring device, which allow a robust yet accurate detection of torque, a torque change and / or an equivalent size.
- a measuring device for detecting a torque operating state of a shaft, wherein the torque operating state describes the torque transmitted via the shaft, or its change and / or a variable equivalent thereto.
- the measuring device comprises a signal generator, which is rotatably connected to the shaft and / or connected, wherein the signal generator rotates during operation of the shaft with this.
- the signal generator can be a separate component, which is fastened on or on the shaft in any desired manner.
- the signal generator is realized as an integral and / or integral with the shaft component.
- the signal generator can be designed in the most general definition for the output and / or change of any signal, in particular a magnetic, optical, electrical, electromagnetic, capacitive and / or inductive signal.
- the measuring device further comprises a signal receiver, which is designed to detect the signal generator.
- the signal receiver can be realized as a passive signal receiver, wherein a signal actively output by the signal generator is detected or as an active signal receiver, wherein the signal receiver sends a test signal to the signal generator, this modifies the test signal and the signal receiver then receives the modified test signal.
- the signal receiver is designed in such a way that, depending on the detection of the signal generator, a measurement signal is output with a component which is dependent on the rotational speed of the shaft.
- the measuring device shows an evaluation device which determines the torque operating state of the shaft on the basis of or by evaluation of the measurement signal.
- the evaluation orientation is designed in terms of programming and / or circuitry so that the determination of the torque operating state is carried out and / or supplemented by analyzing signal components of the measuring signal with a cut-off frequency greater than the current rotational frequency.
- the rotational frequency of the shaft is used as a slowly changing variable for determining the torque operating state, but the high-frequency components of the measurement signal for highly dynamic determination of the torque operating state of the shaft used.
- the measurement signal is evaluated in such a way that the rotational speed and at least one further characteristic variable are determined from the measurement signal, wherein the further parameter is used to determine the torque operating state.
- the parameter is designed in particular as a time-dependent information signal, wherein the information-carrying components of the information signal are located in a frequency range greater than the cutoff frequency.
- the determination of the torque operating state is performed using a high-pass filtered measurement signal having a cut-off frequency greater than the current rotational frequency and / or the maximum rotational frequency of the shaft.
- the measuring signal is preferably designed as a local and / or angular time signal, which provides a time-dependent location and / or angle information of the shaft.
- the measurement signal can also be realized as a speed and / or acceleration signal.
- a consideration of the invention is that precisely high-frequency torque changes can be detected by a change in the synchronous operation of the shaft, as long as the synchronization of the shaft is recorded sufficiently accurately by measurement. In turn, it is possible from the deviations of the synchronism of the shaft conclusions on the current torque and / or to draw an actual torque change and / or to an equivalent size to this.
- the measuring device thus has the advantage of being able to measure the torque or the torque change of a shaft with high precision with a comparatively simple and therefore robust measuring structure.
- the cutoff frequency is a multiple, preferably at least a tenfold, in particular a hundredfold, in particular a thousand times the rotational frequency and / or the maximum rotational frequency of the shaft.
- the torque operating state of the shaft is determined using a further auxiliary variable, the further auxiliary variable being dependent on the current torque of the shaft.
- a particularly preferred alternative for the auxiliary size is a variable proportional to the current and / or to the power and / or to the voltage of a motor driving the shaft and / or of a generator driven by the shaft.
- the shaft driving unit is not designed as an electric motor, but for example as an internal combustion engine, for example, a speed, consumption or the like of the engine is used to form the further auxiliary size.
- the latter has a plurality of coding features which can be distributed and / or distributed around the shaft in the direction of rotation.
- more than 100 coding features are mounted on a shaft.
- the coding features are each of the same design and / or arranged equidistantly in the direction of rotation.
- the coding features are arranged in a common radial plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the shaft, so that they each also have the same axial position.
- the signal generator or the coding features on a magnetic coding, which is detected by the signal receiver.
- the magnetic coding is - for example compared to an optical see coding - even in harsh industrial environments very robust and prone to failure.
- signal transmitter and signal receiver are designed as an incremental encoder device, which provides at least 10, preferably at least 100, in particular at least 1000 signals per revolution of the shaft.
- the number of coding features corresponds to the number of signals.
- Another object of the invention relates to a method for measuring a torque of a shaft having the features of claim 11, preferably using the measuring device described above.
- a measuring signal is recorded with a speed-dependent component of the shaft and carried out by analyzing signal components of the measuring signal with a cut-off frequency greater than the current rotational frequency of the shaft, the determination of Drehmoment Suites- state and / or supplemented.
- the determination of the torque operating condition is made using an auxiliary amount previously described.
- Another object of the invention relates to a shaft arrangement, in particular in a rolling mill, for example for steel, in a printing unit, for example, for paper, in a wind turbine, for example, for the rotor, in a marine propulsion, for example, to drive the screw , with a drive shaft for driving a cylinder, generator, a screw or the like, wherein the drive shaft for the transmission of high power of more than 100 kW, in particular more than 1 MW and in particular more than 10 MW is formed and / or arranged , wherein the torque operating state with a measuring device as described above or is carried out with a corresponding measurement method.
- the signal transmitter is arranged in or on a torque-loaded intermediate member.
- the implementation ensures that the signal generator is not positioned on a free, unloaded shaft end.
- the signal transmitter is arranged on an intermediate member in the kinematic chain between the torque generator and the torque consumer.
- the torque generator is designed, for example, as a motor and the torque consumer as the rolls of the rolling mill or the printing unit.
- the signal generator is mounted directly in front of the torque consumer, in particular on its input shaft.
- the torque generator is powered by, for example, wind or hydro, or is designed as an internal combustion engine.
- the torque consumer is designed as a generator, propeller, etc. In these embodiments, too, it is preferred that the signal generator is positioned in the region of the torque consumer.
- the advantages of preferred embodiments of the invention are in particular that can be determined by the use of a high-precision speed measurement and a significant increase in the signal sampling torque operating conditions with an accuracy that could previously only be achieved, for example, by gauging enbasischen systems.
- the invention is characterized by the advantages of a simple sensor technology, a simple application technique and a low economic outlay.
- the speed sensor is positioned in the region of the torque load and in particular is not arranged on the torque-free shaft end of the motor shaft.
- the invention makes use of the fact that damping effects determined by the measuring method, which result from the mechanics, are determined with the aid of analytical methods, such as transfer functions, state controllers, neural networks, fuzzy logic, etc., and implemented in the calculation of the torque.
- FIG. 1 is a highly schematic block diagram of a measuring device for determining a torque operating state as a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a highly schematic representation of the signal generator
- a shaft arrangement 1 shows in a highly schematic block diagram a shaft arrangement 1, which comprises a torque generator 2, such as an electric motor or combustion engine, at least one torque transmitting drive shaft 3 and a torque consumer 4, wherein a torque from the torque generator 2 via the drive shaft 3rd is transmitted to the torque consumer 4.
- the torque consumer is designed, for example, as a rolling mill, pressure roll of a printing press, generator or the like.
- a signal transmitter 5 is arranged on the drive shaft 3, which distributes a multiplicity of coding features 6 in the circumferential direction.
- the coding features 6 are preferably designed as magnetic codings, the number of which in this embodiment preferably being more than 2000.
- a signal receiver 7 For detecting the coding features 6 of the signal generator 5, a signal receiver 7 is set up, which scans the coding features 6 without contact. The signal receiver 7 generates a measurement signal from the scanning signals, which thus provides a time-dependent signal.
- the measurement signal is transmitted to an evaluation device 8, which determines based on the high-frequency components, in particular components with frequencies greater than the rotational frequency of the drive shaft 3, a torque and / or a torque change in the transmission of the drive shaft 3.
- 2 power signals are transmitted as an auxiliary variable of the torque generator, which can be formed, for example, in an electric motor as current and / or voltage signals and in an internal combustion engine as speed or consumption.
- a possible alternative embodiment is to detect slowly changing components of the torque via the change in the performance data of the torque generator 2 and to determine faster changes in the torque via the evaluation of the high-frequency measurement signal. To determine the rapid changes, for example, the time intervals of two successive increments, the shape or the edge steepness of the individual pulses of the increments are evaluated.
- FIG. 2 shows in a highly schematized manner a possible embodiment of the transmitter-receiver region in the shaft arrangement in FIG. 1.
- the coding features 6 are designed as magnetic codings in strip form with axial alignment. To ensure trouble-free detection of the coding features by the signal receiver, the strips are spaced in the circumferential direction at a distance of 5 mm to 10 mm. In order nevertheless to obtain a sufficiently high number of signals per revolution, a plurality of signal receivers 7 are arranged in the direction of rotation and axially offset from one another, so that each coding feature 6 is read several times per revolution, in this example four times.
Abstract
Le but de l'invention est de proposer un dispositif de mesure, un procédé et un ensemble arbre muni du dispositif de mesure, permettant une mesure à la fois robuste et précise du couple de rotation, d'une variation de couple de rotation et/ou d'une grandeur équivalente. Selon l'invention, un dispositif de mesure, destiné à déterminer l'état de fonctionnement d'un arbre (3) sous la forme d'un couple de rotation, d'une variation de couple de rotation et/ou d'une grandeur équivalente, comprend un émetteur de signaux (5) solidaire en rotation de l'arbre (3) et/ou pouvant être solidarisé en rotation audit arbre, un récepteur de signaux (7), conçu pour détecter l'émetteur de signaux et pour délivrer, en fonction de la détection de l'émetteur de signaux, un signal de mesure présentant une composante dépendant de la vitesse de rotation, ainsi qu'un dispositif d'évaluation (8) prévu pour déterminer l'état de fonctionnement de l'arbre (3) sur la base et/ou par évaluation du signal de mesure. Selon l'invention, le dispositif d'évaluation (8) est conçu pour effectuer et/ou compléter la détermination de l'état de fonctionnement par analyse de composantes du signal de mesure avec une fréquence limite supérieure à la fréquence de rotation actuelle de l'arbre.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP08839450A EP2203730A2 (fr) | 2007-10-17 | 2008-10-16 | Dispositif de mesure destiné à déterminer l'état de fonctionnement d'un arbre, procédé et ensemble arbre muni du dispositif de mesure |
US12/738,410 US20100282002A1 (en) | 2007-10-17 | 2008-10-16 | Measuring device for detecting the operating state of a shaft, method and shaft arrangement comprising said measuring device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102007049672.0 | 2007-10-17 | ||
DE102007049672A DE102007049672A1 (de) | 2007-10-17 | 2007-10-17 | Messvorrichtung zur Erfassung des Betriebszustands einer Welle, Verfahren sowie Wellenanordnung mit der Messvorrichtung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2009049610A2 true WO2009049610A2 (fr) | 2009-04-23 |
WO2009049610A3 WO2009049610A3 (fr) | 2009-07-02 |
Family
ID=40458761
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2008/001693 WO2009049610A2 (fr) | 2007-10-17 | 2008-10-16 | Dispositif de mesure destiné à déterminer l'état de fonctionnement d'un arbre, procédé et ensemble arbre muni du dispositif de mesure |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20100282002A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2203730A2 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE102007049672A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2009049610A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102011017717A1 (de) * | 2011-04-28 | 2012-10-31 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Verfahren zur Korrektur eines Antriebsaggregatmoments |
US20170370787A1 (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2017-12-28 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Torsional Measurements Using an Optical non Contact Method |
DE102017112343A1 (de) | 2017-06-06 | 2018-12-06 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Zustandsüberwachung einer Elastomerkupplung oder eines Zweimassenschwungrades |
DE102017220029B4 (de) * | 2017-11-10 | 2023-05-11 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Arbeitsmaschine mit einer Drehmomentmesseinrichtung |
DE102018102202A1 (de) | 2018-02-01 | 2019-08-01 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Zustandsüberwachung einer Elastomerkupplung oder eines Zweimassenschwungrades oder eines Torsionsdämpfers |
CN114646414A (zh) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-06-21 | 三一重能股份有限公司 | 风机主轴扭矩测量装置的安装结构、安装方法及风电机组 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4783998A (en) * | 1984-07-06 | 1988-11-15 | Dme - Danish Micro Engineering A/S | Method of monitoring the operation of a cyclically moving, power generating or power transmitting element and an apparatus for monitoring the operation of such an element |
US5412999A (en) * | 1993-02-26 | 1995-05-09 | Sensorteck L.P. | Position sensing with magnetostrictive stress sensor |
US5902934A (en) * | 1990-12-10 | 1999-05-11 | Sensortech, L.P. | Phase magnitude signal detector |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4310767A (en) * | 1979-04-11 | 1982-01-12 | Wyle Laboratories | Data interface between rotating and nonrotating members |
US4742332A (en) * | 1987-04-10 | 1988-05-03 | General Motors Corporation | Magnetic shaft angle encoder |
KR890000890A (ko) * | 1987-06-22 | 1989-03-17 | 미타 가츠시게 | 토크검출장치 |
JPH04348239A (ja) * | 1991-03-25 | 1992-12-03 | Mazda Motor Corp | トルク・回転センサ |
US5501105A (en) * | 1991-10-02 | 1996-03-26 | Monitoring Technology Corp. | Digital signal processing of encoder signals to detect resonances in rotating machines |
US5365787A (en) * | 1991-10-02 | 1994-11-22 | Monitoring Technology Corp. | Noninvasive method and apparatus for determining resonance information for rotating machinery components and for anticipating component failure from changes therein |
US5678144A (en) * | 1994-10-11 | 1997-10-14 | Konica Corporation | Image forming apparatus having a rotational information detector for a photoreceptor |
DE19739104C2 (de) * | 1997-09-06 | 2000-12-21 | Trw Automotive Safety Sys Gmbh | Lenkvorrichtung mit Meßwertgeber |
JP4183370B2 (ja) * | 2000-07-07 | 2008-11-19 | 株式会社東芝 | トルク計測装置 |
DK1339465T3 (da) * | 2000-11-10 | 2010-06-14 | Richard M Weiss | Fremgangsmåde og apparat til måling og orientering af et golfkølleskaft |
US6725734B1 (en) * | 2001-07-25 | 2004-04-27 | The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Rotation sensor |
DE10333397B4 (de) * | 2003-07-16 | 2005-06-30 | Minebea Co., Ltd. | Drehmoment-Meßvorrichtung für Elektromotoren |
-
2007
- 2007-10-17 DE DE102007049672A patent/DE102007049672A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-10-16 WO PCT/DE2008/001693 patent/WO2009049610A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2008-10-16 US US12/738,410 patent/US20100282002A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-10-16 EP EP08839450A patent/EP2203730A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4783998A (en) * | 1984-07-06 | 1988-11-15 | Dme - Danish Micro Engineering A/S | Method of monitoring the operation of a cyclically moving, power generating or power transmitting element and an apparatus for monitoring the operation of such an element |
US5902934A (en) * | 1990-12-10 | 1999-05-11 | Sensortech, L.P. | Phase magnitude signal detector |
US5412999A (en) * | 1993-02-26 | 1995-05-09 | Sensorteck L.P. | Position sensing with magnetostrictive stress sensor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2203730A2 (fr) | 2010-07-07 |
DE102007049672A1 (de) | 2009-04-23 |
US20100282002A1 (en) | 2010-11-11 |
WO2009049610A3 (fr) | 2009-07-02 |
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